REAL NUMBER

SYSTEM
 Real Numbers

Rational Irrational
Numbers Numbers

Fractions Integers

Negative Whole
Integers Numbers

Natural or
Zero Counting
Numbers
 Real Numbers (ℝ) Irrational
…, -2, -1.816, 0, 1, 2, 𝜋, Numbers
e,… 2, 3, 𝜋, 11, 𝑒
Rational Numbers (ℚ)
…, -1.33, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5,…
Integers (ℤ)
…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
…
Whole Numbers
0, 1, 2, 3, …

Natural Numbers
(ℕ)
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …
Real Number System

ℝ ℚ ℤ ℕ
Definitions
• Real Numbers- are numbers that have a measurable
value and can be manipulated. Numbers that are not
imaginary
• Rational Numbers – numbers that can be expressed as a
ratio of two integers. They can be terminating or
repeating.
• Irrational Numbers – numbers that cannot be written as a
simple fraction. They are neither be terminating nor
repeating. Every transcendental number is irrational
• Integer – a whole number (not a fraction) that can be
positive, negative, or zero.
• Natural Numbers (or counting numbers) – occurs
commonly in nature. As such, it is a whole, non-negative
integer.
Properties of Real Numbers
• Reflexive : a = a
• Symmetric : If a = b, then b = a
• Transitive: If a = b and b = c, then a = c
• Replacement: If a = b, then a can be replaced by b in any
mathematical statement.
• Associative: a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c
• Commutative: a + b = b + a
axb=bxa
• Distributive: a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)
• Closure: a + b is in ℝ and axb is in ℝ

• Identity: There exists unique elements (0 and 1) such that

a+0=a and ax1=a
for every a 𝜖 ℝ

• Inverse: For any a 𝜖 ℝ, there is a unique element (-a)

such that a + (-a) = 0
For any b 𝜖 ℝ, there is a unique element (1/b or
𝑏 −1 ) for which b x (1/b) = 1
Operations on Real Numbers
• Addition:
Ex:
1. 15 + 2 = 17
2. 35 + (-23) = 12
3. (-45) + 43 = -2
4. -15 + (-15) = -30
• Subtraction:
Ex:
1. (-13) – 2 = -15
2. 4 – (-12) = 16
3. (-5) – (-7) = 2
4. (-16) – (-6) = -10
• Multiplication:
Ex:
1. 4x3 = 12
2. (-3)(-6) = 18
3. -2∗3 = -6
4. -2∙-3∙-4 = -24
• Division:
Ex:
1. -111÷3 = -37
2. -56/-7 = 8
24
3. = -6
−4
Order of Operations
PEMDAS
P – Parenthesis, Brackets, Braces
E – Exponent, Radicals
M – Multiplication
D – Division
A – Addition
S - Subtraction
Examples
1. 27 ÷ 3 + 5 – 4(2)³ = -18
2. 2(3+5) ÷ 4 – 5 = -1
3. [(9 – 4) – (8 + 3) ÷ 1] ÷ 4 = -3/2
4. 3(4 – 20 ÷ 4) + 7 = 4