Tutorial – Dimensional Analysis

Q1. The discharge Q over a weir of any shape depends on head H over weir, kinematic viscosity
ν , density of the fluid ρ , acceleration due to gravity g and surface tension σ . Show that
discharge can be expressed as:
5 1

( )
2 2 ν σ
Q=H g φ 3 1
,
2 2
H 2 ρg
H g

Q2. The velocity through a circular orifice depends upon head (H) causing flow, diameter of the
orifice D, viscosity coefficient μ , mass density ρ and gravity acceleration g. Obtain an
expression of velocity using Buckingham’s π theorem.
Q3. A boat 1:40 model has 0.090 N of resistance when simulating a speed of 3 m/s of the
prototype. Calculate the corresponding resistance in the prototype assuming water is the fluid in
both cases.
Q4. The performance of a spillway of a power project is to be studied by means of a model
constructed to a scale of 1:9. Neglecting the viscous and surface tension effect, determine the
rate of flow in the model for a prototype discharge of 1000 m 3/s. Also find out dissipation of
energy in the prototype hydraulic jump, if the jump in the model studies dissipates 0.4 hp.
Q5. In 1:30 model spillway, the velocity and discharges are 2.0 m/s and 2.0 m3/s respectively.
Find the corresponding velocity and discharge in the prototype.
Tutorial – Boundary Layer Theory
Q1. A flat plate of 1.0 m width and 4.0 m length is kept parallel to air flowing at 4.5 m/s.
Determine the length of the plate over which the boundary layer is laminar, and the total force on
both sides on that plate where the BL is laminar. Assume density of air=1.225 kg/m 3 and
kinematic viscosity = 1.46 x10-5 m2/s.
Q2. In a laminar boundary layer over a flat plate, the velocity distribution is given by

()()
3 4
u 2y y y
= −2 +
U δ δ δ
Does this expression satisfy boundary condition applicable to laminar boundary layer velocity
profile?
Q3. Wind is blowing with a velocity of 120 km/hr over a smooth two dimensional flat plate. If
the laminar boundary layer exists up to a value of Reynolds number Re x equal to 4 x 105, find the
maximum distance upto which laminar boundary layer persists and its maximum thickness.
Assume Kinematic viscosity of air as 1.49 x 10-5 m2/s.
Q4. The thickness of the laminar boundary layer on a flat plate at a point A is 2 cm and at a point
B, 1 m downstream of A, is 3 cm. What is the distance of A from the leading edge of the plate?
Q5. A thin smooth plate which is 1 m wide and 2m long is towed through a water at a velocity of
2 m/s. Assuming the boundary laminar (kinematic viscosity = 10-6 m2/s), then what is the drag on
both sides of plate?
Tutorial – Open Channel Flow
Q1. Find the bed slope of trapezoidal channel of bed width 6 m, depth of water 3 m and side
slope of 3 horizontal to 4 vertical, when the discharge through channel is flow is 30 m 3/s. Take
Chezy’s constant, C=70.
Q2. Find the rate of flow of water through a V-shaped channel as shown in figure. Take the value
of C = 55 and slope of the bed 1 in 1000.

Q3. Find the discharge of a circular sewer pipe which is laid at a slope of 1 in 8000 and carries a
discharge of 800 litres/s when flowing half full. Take the Manning’s Coefficient N=0.020.
Q4. A trapezoidal channel has side slopes of 1 horizontal to 2 vertical and the slope of the bed is
1 in 1500. The area of the section is 40 m 2. Find the dimensions of the section if it is the most
economical. Determine the discharge of the most economical section if C=50.
Q5. A trapezoidal channel to carry 142 m3/minute of water is designed to have a minimum cross-
section. Find the bottom width and depth if the bed slope is 1 in 1200, the side slopes at 45 o and
Chezy’s coefficient = 55.