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Unit 3 – Statistics 1
End of Unit Test

1 Alice has two bags of counters.

In Bag A there are 3 red, 2 blue and 1 yellow counter.
In Bag B there are 8 red, 4 blue and 3 yellow counters.
Alice is going to pick a counter at random from one of the bags.
Which bag should she choose to have the better chance of picking:
(a) a red marble? (b) a blue marble?

2 Look at the probability scale below.

(a) Write the labels ‘impossible’, ‘even chance’ and ‘certain’ in the correct
places on the scale.
(b) Write the letter of each of the following events in the correct place on the
scale.

event A The probability of getting a tail when tossing a coin is .

event B The probability of getting two tails when tossing a coin twice is .

event C It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.

event D It is impossible to get more than 6 when a normal dice is rolled.

3 The spinner shown below is divided into equal sections, each coloured black,
grey or white.
What is the probability of the pointer landing on:
(a) a black section?
(b) not a black section?
(c) not a white or a black section?
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4 Yasmin rolls a regular octahedral dice. The eight faces are numbered from 1 to 8.
(a) Calculate the probability that Yasmin rolls:
(i) 1
(ii) more than 1
(iii) an even number
(iv) an odd number
(v) less than 4
(vi) 4 or more.
(b) Add together the following pairs of probabilities from part a:
(i) (i) and (ii) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (iii) (v) and (vi)
(c) Explain why the sums in part b all gave the same answer.

5 A bag contains a large number of green balls and one red ball. There are no other
balls in the bag. The probability of picking a red ball from the bag is .

(a) What is the probability of picking a green ball from the bag?
(b) How many green balls are there in the bag?

6 Jason eats a packet of chocolate spangles every day. He keeps a record of the
number of chocolates in the packet every day for two months. His results are
shown in the table below.
(a) Estimate the probability that Number of chocolates Number of
the next packet of spangles in packet packets
that Jason opens will have 10 Fewer than 10 22
or more chocolates in it.
10 or more 38
(b) How could Jason improve this
estimate?

7 The table below shows the possible outcomes of rolling two dice.

First dice
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3
Second 2 2, 1 2, 2
dice 3
4
5
6

(a) Complete the table.

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(b) Calculate the probability of rolling:

(i) two sixes
(ii) a one and a six
(iii) two even numbers
(iv) one even number and one odd number
(v) two numbers that are both greater than three.

8 *Alex rolls a dice 300 times and records the score. The table shows his results.

Number on dice 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 49 64 48 52 36 51

(a) What is the theoretical probability of rolling a 5?

(b) How many 5s would you expect Alex to get in 300 rolls of the dice?
(c) Do you think his dice is biased? Give a reason for your answer.
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FM Functional Maths Task

Trading standards have had several complaints about an advert.

The advert says ‘Most of our torches give full power for at least 100 hours’.

A trading standards worker buys 90 of the torches.

A test area is set up that can test 10 torches at a time.

Each set of tests will be done under different conditions of temperature.
The test is to determine whether a torch is on full power after 100 hours of use.

Number of torches tested Number test failures Experimental probability

10 1
20 8
30 12
40 21
50 26
60 30
70 34
80 36
90 41

(a) Complete the table.

(b) Write down whether the advert’s claim – ‘Most of our torches give full power for
at least 100 hours’ – is a fair one or not. Give a reason for your answer.