E E -61o Analog VLST Design

Problem Set- 1 Solution

A
(1 Source

urauit voltage Van =Voc 1oV

We ore qiven, tha he opem
Atco, he short ciraut ument between the teeminals
9 hawe assumed
A and i1A Please note hat
short- circuut curvet because am Cdea ammeten &
has o Tesistaue
I know Hhat he lbox contains a Scurce, but
dot know the tupe of Sourne. So, wm Hhe infomnadion
characterishics, 9
given to me about he Source

t to apture tus nformahion Hhrough an

uui valent hewenin Civcuut. So we har

VTH Voc = 1 0 V.

RTH VoC oV 10
A

Co
Somy equivalem Thevenims cirmit is:
RTH Please note Hhat have not
Caud that Hhe Seurce k a
Ve voltage Scurte. 9 hae jdt
modelled Hhe gien Saurc
characteni shu ulng a Jhevenis
Sourte Model. e4uevalent. 9 CoulA have s
well uwed a Nortons equivalent
to model Hhe qiven source)

Equivalent Norton's iruut.

TN Isc = 1A
PN RrH = o
 dicuuution, we can't realhy Conment
(a) From Hhe aboe
uich. type sSource given n Hhe questhon

ither Jhevenin's Equivalent or

( NOW, we can use

Nortou's equivalent for modelling ur ciruut, sine

bot of hese are wed for coweyng he same
tnformation and hence are qui vadent n Hhis sense
So le's tonsider heveni's quialent wifh a Load
between teenninals A and .
R
MA Voltaga between VAe =VaG

Va VrH RL
amd Current trough RLStAg
Source TAB VTH
RL+RTH
Now, please recall he characteuishics an tdeal voHae
Sture and an ddeal Cunet Source
Jdeal Votage Soure Vltase across ih teeminaly doesnt
depend onhe value of load connected acerts

it (Deesv?t matter if Bi is veny l a o r ey high).

T d eal Cuvemt Sourte Current kroush it remains constat
amd doesrt Aoad
depend on the RL
So, tt, We want our Source to behane aj a Ul tage Source,
hen, Va mut be approximately indepencdent f Ri
hen
This u ahieved when, RL>>RrH T a
Cowtamt
Whe, L RTH, VA e VTH VrHdoesn't
AL depemd m
 Ceurce to ac as a
Similarly, if we hlant cur

TA musf approximately
Current Source, hen
be acueed,
be come independet o RL Jhus an

RrH,
whe, R1 <eRTH. So, when, RL
/ VrH \ Independent of R
TAB
RTH
feuite on- 2to
it Source nas aruistane
Go
So, m summay, a

so tom mut
asSo Ciated with it, h e
we cat simply
the load Hhat
On the type f Srurce, umless
we kn
drive, Rased m he Load value, Hne
t smeant to
hange . as Seem above
ype Srurte

-2 + MW + ony

(b
a) ig.2
Please note hat tuwo nelworks are electrially
their Voltage aud currmw characterisnu
eauivalenk, f
are same. One way to check Has to Cottruc

he two nefworks and see if Hhe

are
Y- matrik for
eual. Sine we awe onl two ternminals V and Vh
hene, we illnot be ostru ching Y-matrix
Please touider his design:
V

G(V-V)
VcCS
 Pleae note haB in this ase, the behaiour between

terminals amd V is same as ha a cendu ctare

vaue ou ore encouraged to check tis aroug
Y- parameters formudaton.)

3 Vd

Vs

V. shoudn
= and direchon u as

t h e adjiming fEe

Consider the ne work shoLon beloo.

V -1

Vas Vas
Please ote Hhat Hiis netwoe u 'Similar to He
e desiqmed m 2 , wiH jwt one smaU changes
ad
t a buffer of gain between buut
VCcS3his is nsected to ensure lhe veversal u

Currt direchom ou reuired by a negative

out tue
Concuchane.(You are ncouraged to
find
-rameters pr i s netwok)
4 v aqV +a V+ az

Vin
SVan) Vout

Vout a Vin + a, Vin + az Ve

(a)
dimension oVV.
a a Dimensionless
ag V
a v

(( When inpt= VpCos udt

Vout a, Vptorot) + o,V cosot) + a(v¢coset)

Vout = (y Vp Cosot + aVp

OsVpstos3uol +3CoStot
D.c

Vout= V+(a, Vp+ qvcosot |aave kos2at +

2 2

( t o f 3ot 20

c) a 10, a= sY, a2 1o.

9
H4 H0 = a Plot usi
Vp t 3 agvePlot using
MATLA3/OCTAVC
H 2 a2Vp or ay softwae of
Your choice
HD2=R2Vp You wall o t ce a

Ve important
Concepta HD
(d) dopes of HD, HD,, H2
HD dHo, a+aV

dominated by tis f lw vaues fVe

HD 5 dHD2 a, V,
dVp Vevy cdose to 7eo fas loy
vaues Ve
d4D3 3a2Vp
dVe 4
Plot hese slopu for numbers 9ve u queston,

e)We want HO4

HD
ayVptazV
4

as+2a2Yp 50 Vp2
Value o a ,a Gnd l, as gven

m@uehon,
Vp15oV
v!
Onrealishie tonstralnt
We wat, Ho
H02
a,Vp+3ag V
agVe
4
for he numbers ce we naNe

a maximum

Nohie 4hat Ve u iuted to, otV

HO2

We have
I2
A Two
Port
v A'

for V 7Vu
2 ua pesitve
fer V nteger

a)

Nohe tat al the quantih's the abDne frure

are nremental (deoted small leHers).exrept fer
RL ( 3is u he Same enen un the mcremental picthure)

Here, m (V-Ve , V >Vth

Cnd, 22 = 012 o outpt resickue & infnite )

Va
So n cre mental vltaje qain between povk (1) aud )
-21 RL = -MX( - V ) RL
Cinaermevtal VA D . c Quanhty
uanhhes
(6I d (V- Vus" for V VM

appled au tnput Vnt Vov +Vp Sintot)

We have mrenm eta!
DC value Signal
Siqnal

arond
Expandng wing laylor Seues Epansion
get, We
beatg
Operahing peint/quiescent point
T2Iso + aa(-Viop) + d (V-Mp)
2
+ d'
(V-or)+
VVi,o Hicner
Order teins
or, Our Case,
Vi.op Va+ Vov Dc operatng point
k V =
V+Vov + Vp Sin wt

) +
(V(yino )
+nn1a (v,.V,sinot)
2 VA

+n-1nK Nov)(V, Sinuot

6-VA
HoT

VA TVA-
J,o + naVoVesinot+ nn-1)a (Vou) V cos22ul
VA 2VAn
n (n4)n-aa (Vov)m-3Y 3Sinwt -sin3i

6VA 4

HoT
Component at

D see af 2 Voukz-T-Ru)

2
2 Va

= P nn1)(Vov )
4V
ànd, HD2 = Streng of Componeut af 2 2u. Vout-S-RL

n(n-)a)d (Vov*v14
6VA

n(n-1 n-2)fv." vp*

24 VA

C We hae, Ho=na (ov Vo+nn4)n2) aVov)3

V 8 VA

44, we assume Snall Ve, 4nen,

hen,
Ho d Vov) "Vp RL
Novw,HD m-1) Vp What do rou Con cude from
4 Vov i s ? what should yau do
r o u want to redue HpD2
S, HD =
n-1) VP. Hp While ke eping he fundam-
HO1(
1 A Vov ntdomponet) same?
Vey VetSmpotant
Aawer he abone
Aqain, HD3 . -1n-2)
qeshion for Hhis also
24 (Vov) What should yo do
HO3 -(n-2).V. HD fo redu
Ho2 vilile
Keeping Ap Costant ?
2+ov

(dAD noVov)*. Vp RL Quiegce

Value.
VA
n-(Vou)-
Vov+Va)
HD
we mcrease n, we need lescer value f/Vou) to

maintain Same HO Jmportant Conchuim

Non-unearit u helping us qeB more HO4, but u alko

ncreasing 402 ad Ho3 Jrade- off
.6 MbSFET has T-V chava cteishu foU s
(a) Ios n Co WVas-V)Vog-0-s Vo m wn ear
re on.
Tps 0-S los WVas-V Satuahian reaitn
acremei Jn inea region
d1= 0 Assuming zevo inpuB ourrant )
12 o
(Assuming Zeuo nbu turrent)

n Cox w.Vps
aVas
22 n Cox N
Vas-V -Vps
VDs
So
Somcre mevtal model
D
Note Hhe chamge n
leter -Capitnl to
Smatl
s Small-denotes
ncrememtal
uanhtie
Sntrinsic gain (WcHh vt Capl- Denotas
bekwee ate D-rain any laad Ruiecemt
A -da - - . Vos
L
Ruanhtie
2

oyVas-Va-Voe)
- Vos Nohice Hhe si
Ava here
Vas-V4m-Vos
 between qate amd Surce
Jatrinsic qain
Please dei
A. Vos tic amd sahsfy

Vas-Ven YsurselP.

KAic Sourre avd

Intrinsic gain between
DeainF
Av sa
21+ 22 Vas-Vth
22 Vas-Vn-Vos

( Now, lel's Cook a e Avg

Vas-Ve-Vs
We only Cos ider e magnitude of he gain which u:

maxrmum p % sible ain at

Av4 s
Vas-V-s Vos= Vas- Vn (edge }
Sahurahion)

Maximunm posible qain=

 Lennechm behween tnpt a
M
cutput
W
Lood
vR3

g-s

@)le, , R G3
CLoese KNodal analgsis
icfr i s ciraut:
keL at mode (
(V-ve)6 +Vag +01-V.) bg zo

KCL at node

GtG2t a3
-C)
Skpped calahhins.
Please do Hhem to
Sahc ft yeursef Hat
Hhe eult u Core tt

S, we qe. G1 a-6
G2 (G+62+ ai) +G (Gy+GatG)

When. J21
we gel,o GL= 2
G2 R
Re Ihe gain fums aut to be depencdert of RR
and gai
Please Chetk what happe fo Uz . m tuis case
> Ty to compare your reguuls wtt ha of an itea!
pAmp tonnected negahve feedback