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METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR PILING Jamlan A Tangah
Procedure
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1. PURPOSE

The purpose of this method statement is to detail the process involved in the installation of
the piling works for substation building. The procedures are to apply to all personnel
involved with the piling works.

2. LOCATION

 Station 1 (Kg. Pinangkau), Sugut Sabah

 Station 4 (Kg. Pantai Boring), Sugut Sabah

3. GENERAL

The selection of the foundations is carried out by reference to the soil investigation result
(i.e. JKR Probe, Mechanized Boring To Set Depth). From these a Foundation Setting
Level Diagram and Foundation Data Sheet is produced. These clearly indicate the
foundation types to be installed and also relevant setting levels and dimension.

4. SETTING OUT

Boundary survey shall be carried upon possession of site based on the pre-computation
plan available. Setting out plan shall be submitted for checking and approval.

The pile line and levels are to be provided by Principal Contractor in agreement with
contract supervisor in such a way as to ensure piling foreman has a permanent
unmistakable set of reference point to work form
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5. HANDLING, PITCHING, DRIVING AND EXTENSION

All handling and lifting will be at the designed lifting points and support points. Centrally
in line with the pile axis to receive the hammer to prevent pile whip, twist or rotation.

Each pile shall be clearly marked with red ink at 300mm intervals along its length to
enable the driving blows to be recorded at every 300mm depth of pile penetration.

Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified set and / or depth has been
reached. A detail record of the driving resistance over the full length of each pile should
be kept.

6. PILE CONNECTION

Connection shall be by means of welded end plate at pile ends. Welded joint shall be of
butt welded type all round pile by qualified welder and a minimum cooling time shall be
allowed before continuing any driving work as specified by the Project Consultant. On
completion of welding, the slag will be chipped off and wire brushed to receive red-oxide
paint.

7. PROCEDURE OF PILE INSTALLATION

The installation process and method of installations are equally important factors as of the
design process of pile foundations. Pile installation methods are installation by pile
hammer and boring by mechanical auger.

 Pile size 150mm x 150mm will be transported to the site by a trailer truck and
barge. The will be supported by bedding timbers placed directly under the
positions of lifting hooks.
 Piles will be stored carefully on flat ground within the temporary yard.
 Pile markings should be carried out to every pile segments to check the rough
penetration per hammer blow.
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 Pile driving hammers shall be of the size needed to develop the energy required to
drive the piles at a blow count that does not exceed 10 blows per inch (25 mm) at
the required ultimate pile capacity.
 Penetration reading will be recorded in Piling Record of Cahaya Metro ISO Form

8. EQUIPMENT

1. Hydraulic piling rig

2. Crane

9. CRITERIA FOR SET AND PILE DRIVING

Based on Hiley’s Formula

Pu = F x WL = Nh x w x h x (e2 x wpile + w)
s + c/2 wpile + w

Pu: Ultimate Design Load

WL: Working Load of Pile
F: Safety Factor
Nh: Hammer Efficiency
w: Weight of Hammer
wpile: Weight of pile
s: Set per blow
c: Temporary Compression
e: Coefficient of restitution
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Method of taking set is subjected to the Engineer’s approval. The achieved set for the
driven pile at its required penetration shall be last two consecutive 10 blows recorded and
submitted to the resident technical officer or resident engineer for inspection and record.

10. SET CALCULATION BASED ON HILEY’S FORMULA –R.C. PILE

Pu = Nn x Wn x H x Ne
S + 0.5Tc

Where: Pile size (mm2) 200 200 200 200

Lc (tonne) 5 5 8 8
Ne = e2 x Wp + Wn Sf 3 3 3 3
Wp + Wn Pu (tonne) 15 15 24 24
Nn 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
Lc = Load Capacity Wn (tonne) 1 3 1 3
Sf = Safety Factor Hmin (mm) 400 100 765 175
Pu = Ultimate Resistance of Pile Tc (mm) 20 20 20 20
Nn = Hammer Efficiency L (m) 14 14 21 21
Wn = Weight of Hammer
e 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Hmin = min. Hammer Drop Height
Wtp/m (Tonne/
Tc = Temporary Compression 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054
m)
L = Estimated Penetration Ne 0.596 0.811 0.502 0.743
e = Coefficient of restitution
S (mm/ blow) 1.9 2.2 2.0 202
Wp = L x Wtp/m
Set (mm/10
Wtp/m = Weight of pile per metre 19 22 20 22
blow)
S = Set per blow

(Using Dolly, Set is reduced by 25%) Final set must be less than 20mm
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11. DYNAMIC PILE TESTING/PILE LOAD ANALYSIS

Dynamic pile testing and instrumentation will be performed using the PDA/CAPWAP
system on the tested pile. Measurements of the force and velocity waves induced in the pile
during pile testing are collected by force and acceleration transducers, which are fixed near the
pile head.

11.1 TEST PROCEDURE

Dynamic pile testing can be conducted on bored piles by means of a heavy impact at the
pile head. The impact is often provided by a suitable drop weight and the response is
measured in terms of force and acceleration close to the pile head.

For testing, the pile may require some excavation prior to the field-testing. The exposed
lengths of pile have to be at least 1.5 diameters of the pile or 1.0m whichever is greater
above the penetration level for pile instrumentation. The pile head will be protected for
the impact by means of steel casing, which is used to build up the pile.

A guide frame will be positioned onto the pile. The frame is used to guide the drop
weight under the fall. A steel plate of about 50mm is placed on top of the pile head so as
to protect the pile head from damage under the hammer fall. 3 nos. of 6mm diameter
holes are drilled on two opposite sides of the pile for attachment of gauges at 1.5
diameters below the pile top. Two pairs of force transducer and accelerometer are bolted
onto the pile using wall plugs.

During testing, the transducers will be connected to the Pile Driving Analyzer and its
associated storage computer equipment via a main 19-wire cable (up to 50m long). The
client will supply and operate the piling hammer to induce a driving force onto the pile.
The drop weight is positioned and drop onto the pile under controlled height. Dynamic
measurement of force and velocity will be collected by gauges attached to the pile. This
data will be processed by the PDA to give immediate visual and permanent record onsite.

Each blow monitored by the PDA will be displayed on the built-in LCD screen/
oscilloscope in the form of force and velocity traces for immediate data quality control
and computation. The PDA will also provide onsite results such as: -
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a. Mobilized static load capacity based on the CASE method

b. Pile Integrity – location and extent of damage
c.      Pile Stresses – maximum compression forces at pile top/ toe
d.      Hammer Performance – maximum energy transferred to the pile

The transducers and accelerometers will be dismantled at the end of the testing. PDA
data will be transferred and stored in a disk for subsequent report and analysis. The above
procedure will be repeated for the next pile test. A survey of the pile top is taken before
and after the testing to obtain the permanent set per blow. The client is also to provide the
bore log information and pile construction record for the test pile.

11.2 DATA ASSESSMENT AND CAPWAP ANALYSIS

The pile top force and velocity signals recorded in the field will be processed and a
representative blow will be selected for further analysis using the CAPWAP suite of
computer software.

CAPWAP analysis involves applying the measured pile top force/ velocity time record as
a boundary condition to a wave equation model of the pile comprising of continuous
segments.

The soil model is continuously adjusted in an iterative procedure until the computed pile
top force time record is in close agreement to the measured pile top force time record.
When good agreement is obtained between measured and computed pile top data, the soil
resistance parameters are assumed to provide the best accurate model of the actual soil
behavior.

A typical presentation of the CAPWAP results will be as follows: -

1. CAPWAP model a match curve of computed pile top force to the measured pile top force
time record
2. Total computed soil capacity – sum of Skin Friction and Toe Bearing
3. Computing Load against Settlement curve
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11.3 REPORTING

Initial results are normally available within 24 hours or two working days of the
completion of each test. These shall include the following: -
a)      The assumed damping factor
b)      The assumed wave speed
c)      The maximum force applied to the pile head
d)     The maximum pile head velocity
e)      The maximum energy imparted to the pile
f)       The maximum tension force experience by the pile
g)      The field estimated static resistance
h)      The maximum driving stresses

A full report shall be submitted within 10 days of the completion of the testing. This
report shall include the following: -
a)      Report all information given in preliminary report
b)      Information of pile size and working load
c)      Date of pile installation
d)     Date of test
e)      Pile identification and location
f)       Length of pile below existing surface
g)      Total pile length, including projection above existing surface at time of testing
h)      Length of pile from instrumentation position to pile toe
i)       Hammer type
j)       Best estimated static capacity
k)      Pile integrity
l)       Force/ velocity versus time trace
m)    Computed load versus settlement
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The field sheet is to be signed off by the representative each from the contractor,
engineer (and client, if applicable) to signify presence during the test.

Typical PDA Output Quantities

Typical PDA Input Quantities

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12. SAFE WORK PROCEDURE FOR R.C. PILING WORKS

12.1 OBJECTIVES

The main objectives of the safe work procedure are as follows:

Ensure that RC piling works is performed with conformity to the Workplace Safety and
Health Act; its regulations, any relevant code of practices as well as current safe and
health work procedures.

Ensure that all workmen involved in the RC piling works are aware of this safe and
health procedure and recognized the possible hazards in the established risk assessment
report before and during the course of the carrying out the piling works.

12.2 REFERENCES

References are made to the following documentation

- Workplace safety and health act

- Workplace safety and health (Risk management) regulations
- Factories (Operation of Cranes) Regulations
- Workplace safety and health (construction) Regulations
- Workplace safety and health (Noise) Regulations

12.3 GENERAL

All piling workers including the qualified welders shall attend the work safety and health
induction briefing prior to the commencement of work

All safe work procedure and risk assessment shall be briefed to the piling workers
including the qualified welders during the safety induction course.

Work areas within the piling vicinity shall be barricaded and displayed with adequate
“Danger, Keep Out” warning sign boards provided by the main contractor.
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12.4 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

- Piling Machine/ Rig

- Welding Set
- Crane for unloading of precast RC piles

12.5 PROCEDURE

All equipment, machinery and tools used for the piling works shall be of safe and good
working condition.

RC Piles materials shall be in accordance to the approved drawings provided by the main
contractor

Underground services/ utility:-

- The underground service/ utility detection work shall be conducted within the
vicinity of the piling work area.
- The services/ cable detection works shall be carried out by qualified service
detection workers.
- When in doubt, trial pits and/or trenches shall be carried out to identify the exact
locations of the existing services before driving of the piles.

Piling works shall commence upon obtaining the relevant piling permit provided by the
main contractor.

Daily inspection of the piling equipment and related machinery shall be carried out in
accordance to the checklist provided.

Installation of the RC Piles shall be in accordance to the piling works method of

statement.

- Only authorized and qualified piling works are allowed within the vicinity of the
piling works area.
- All piling workers shall be equipped with full personal protective equipment (PPE).
- Only qualified welders are allowed to carry out welding works for the piles and
with relevant Hot Work Permit, if required.
- During the course of driving of piles, no one shall be within close proximity of the
piling rig.
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13. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC)

The possible hazards are as follows;

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Risk Control

Action
Existing Additional
Possible Risk Officer,
No. Work Activity Hazard Risk Control Severity Risk
Accident Level Designatio
(if any) Control
n
Worker Ensure
Transportation hit by material is
Site
1 of material on a. Falling object falling adequately Mo L NA
Foreman
site object tied onto
trailer
Provide
Worker
worker to
b. Moving hit by Site
guide driver Mi L NA
Vehicle moving Foreman
and vehicle
vehicle
Worker Use tagline
Unloading of hit by to guide the
2 Falling object Mo L NA
material falling material
object
Provide
signalman
and rigger to Mo L NA
guide driver
and operator
Ensure all
lifting gear
Mo L NA
has proper
certificate
Workers to
have proper Mo L NA
PPE
Worker/ Ensure crane Park the Safety
Setting up of operator base crane on supervisor
3 Crane topple Ma M
machinery hit by properly the firm
crane jacked ground
To know the Comply Safety
load and with the supervisor
Ma M
radius hoist hoist
permit
 Ensure all Ensure Safety
lifting gear suitable supervisor
Ma M
has proper lifting gear
certificate to be used
Ensure only Brief the Safety
authorized workers supervisor
and qualified and
Worker/
mechanic to educate
operator
Machine topple set up the Ma M them where
hit by
machine supposed
machine
to stand
during
work
Ensure Comply Safety
machine has Ma M with hoist supervisor
valid LM permit
Surveyor Ensure
hit by tripod
Setting out of Falling surveyor Site
4 falling properly Mi L NA
pile position equipment Foreman
equipme secured
nt
Surveyor Ensure
hit by tripod
Offset pile Falling surveyor Site
5 falling properly Mi L NA
position equipment Foreman
equipme secured
nt
Operator Ensure only Machine to Site
unable to authorized be lock-off Foreman/
Unauthorized use
Piling Work control and qualified when there Safety
6 of pile jack Ma M
Commences machine operator to was no Supervisor
machine
operate the operator
machine inside
Worker/ Ensure only Traffic Site
operator authorized Controller Foreman/
hit by and qualified or banks Safety
piling operator to man to Supervisor
Machine topple machine operate the Ma M guide the
machine operator
for the
machine
movement
Ensure Site
De-mark
ground is Foreman/
the area to
stable for Safety
Ma M prevent
piling Supervisor
unauthoriz
machine to
ed entry
man oeuvre
Site
Ensure Comply Foreman/
machine ha with the Safety
Ma M
valid LM hoist Supervisor/
Certificate permit Lifting
Supervisor
Hit by pile during Worker Ensure Ma M Area to be Site
lifting and jacking hit by nobody go barricaded Foreman/
 & lifting Safety
under/ near supervisor Supervisor/
jack in to be Lifting
pile machine supervise Supervisor
unnecessaril whole
y lifting
operation
Use proper Site
PPE. provide Foreman/
fire Work zone Safety
Worker
Welding/ extinguisher to clear off Supervisor
7 Fire injured Mo L
Cutting at vicinity. Unauthoriz
by fire
provide ed person
adequate
warning sign
Welding Site
Permit to
area free of Foreman/
hot-work
flammable/ Mo L Safety
application,
Combustible Supervisor
if any
material
Provide fire Site
blanket to Foreman/
contain Mo L NA Safety
falling Supervisor
sparks
Ensure Site
welding Foreman/
machine Safety
properly Supervisor
Worker
earthed/
injured
Contact with grounded,
by Mo L NA
electricity connection
electrical
in good
shock
condition &
dry with no
mechanical
faults
Use tagline
to guide the
pile &
Worker
Placing of RC provide Site
8 Falling pile injured Mo L NA
piles signalman Foreman
by pile
and rigger to
guide driver
and operator
Ensure
proper Site
Mo L NA
ground for Foreman
placing piles
9 Loading of Falling block Worker Use tagline Mo L Work zone Lifting
kentledge hit by to guide the to clear of supervisor/
blocks falling block & unauthoriz rigger/
block provide ed persons signalman
signalman from
and rigger to entering
 guide driver
and operator
Ensure all
lifting gear
Permit to
has proper
LG hoist
inspected Mo L Rigger
Failure application,
colour code
if any
and valid test
certificates
Brief all
Improper Lifting
rigger and
/ poor supervisor/
signalman Mo L
rigging rigger/
on using of
method signalman
safe signs
Ensure only
Lifting
Setting up of Worker authorized
supervisor/
10 kentledge Working at height fall from worker to set Mo L
rigger/
block height up and use
signalman
safety belt
Ensure
authorized
Worker
operator/
PDA test by Hit by piling hit by Site
11 worker to Mo L NA
piling hammer piling Foreman
operate
hammer
piling
machine
Ma=Major, Mo=Moderate, Mi=Minor, H=High Risk, M=Medium, L=Low Risk

14. ATTACHMENT

 Piling Record Form