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Jurnal Argentometri Kelompok 1
Jurnal Argentometri Kelompok 1
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ABSTRACT
The performance characteristics of the argentometric method of cyanide determination was investigated using the calibration
curve method. The assessment offer linearity within the range 1.7x10 -3moles to 3.5x10-3moles with a sensitivity of
0.6millimoles of cyanide per dm3 of 0 .0200 moldm-3 AgNO3. It gave a detection limit of 0.7 millimoles (0.02gCN).The
interference studies within the linear range shows that halides (Cl -, Br -, I -) do not interfere in the analysis when there is
excess of CN - in the sample.
The assessed method was applied to determine cyanide in cassava samples and pack cyaniding compositions and residues.
[22], piezoelectricity [16], gas chromatography [21], method of cyanide quantification to determining its
visible spectrophotometry [18], mass spectrometry [14], detection limit, precision and sensitivity using the
HPLC [12] and flow injection [11, 19]. calibration curve method. After which it was used to
monitor cyanide in the pack cyaniding of mild steel
The variety of analytical methods reported for CN- in samples.
blood may indicate the difficulty of its analysis in that
there is no universally preferred method [17]. Available Standard solutions of potassium cyanide of 0.005M
methods are expensive, laborious, and require technical concentration serially diluted were titrated with 0.0200M
expertise and sophisticated equipment [11]. These silver nitrate solution to determine the detection limit,
equipment are usually difficult to find in simple sensitivity, and the precision of the method using the
laboratories. This work was done to address this difficulty calibration curve method. The calibration curve method
in our laboratory and could address similar challenges in was used in the determination of the detection limit and
other simple laboratory. sensitivity of the silver nitrate titration of cyanide. The
plot of the volume of silver nitrate used in cm3 against
Cassava is known to contain the cyanogenic glucosides- concentration of potassium cyanide in moles is shown in
linamarin and lotaustralin in the ratio 93:7 in the leaves figure 1.
[5]. Cyanogenic glucoside of 1500 mg HCN equivalent
Kg-1 dry weight of fresh root of bitter cassava has been 3. EXTRACTION OF CYANOGENS
reported [6]. Other works have also reported that more
cyanogens are concentrated in the peel of the sweet Cyanogens were extracted from cassava leaves by
cultivar and the leaves containing about 200 mg HCN Kg- blending 50g each of processed cassava leaves with cold
1
[7]. Also, cyanogenic concentration of between 193.3- dilute ortho phosphoric acid (0.1000M) in a household
951.5 mg HCN Kg-1 has been reported [8]. blender and centrifuged. The cold ortho phosphoric acid
prevents the evaporation of cyanide [9] and inhibits the
2. MATERIALS AND METHOD endogenous linamarase from acting on linamarin and
stabilizes the cyanohydrin till hydrolysis [10]. The
Chemicals used for the investigation of the Silver Nitrate extracts were hydrolyzed in boiling tubes using 4.0M
titration method were BDH analytical grade chemicals. H2SO4 in a water bath at 1000C for 55 minutes.Then
While cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) samples were allowed to cool to room temperature and 3.6M NaOH was
from the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal added for the spontaneous breakdown of cyanohydrin to
University of Technology Akure. release and fix CN - in NaOH.
In this work, the leaves of the bitter cultivar of cassava A portion of the aliquot was titrated with 0.0200M
were processed, analysed and used for pack cyaniding AgNO3 using KI as the indicator and 2M NH4OH added
using the argentometric method of cyanide determination. as solubilizer. The results of the application are shown in
Table 1.
The present study first presents an investigation of the
performance characteristics of the silver nitrate titration
simplicity of the method void of the complicity of running blank for each sample analysed.
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 (X 10 -3 ) x - axis
Concentration of KCN (moles)
Figure 2: Graph of volume of 0.200M AgNO3 used (cm3) against KCN concentration in moles
Figure 3: Graph of volume of 0.200M AgNO3 used (cm3) against KCN standard concentration
plus 1cm3 0.00483moles BaCl2
Figure 4: Graph of volume of 0.200M AgNO3 used (cm3) against KCN standard concentration
plus 2cm3 0.00483moles BaCl2
Figure 5: Graph of volume of 0.200M AgNO3 used (cm3) against KCN standard concentration
plus 3cm3 0.00483moles BaCl2
Figure 6: Graph of volume of 0.200M AgNO3 used (cm3) against KCN standard concentration
The linear range of this method was found to be between [7] Okafor, N. 1998. An integrated Bio-System for the
1.7x10-3 mol dm-3 and 3.5x10-3mol dm-3. The sensitivity Disposal of Cassava wastes. In Integrated Biosystems
was 0.6millimoles of CN- cm-3 of 0.0200moldm-3AgNO3 in Zero Emissions Applications Proceedings of the
and detection limit at thrice standard deviation was internet conference on Integrated Bio-systems, pp1-6.
0.7millimoles (0.02g).
[8] Agbor-Egbe, T., Albome, L.I. and Triche, S., 2001
There was no interference by halides (Cl -, Br -, I -) Effectiveness of processing Techniques in reducing
requiring the running of blank measurement for each total Cyanogenic during Cassava production of some
analysis. Cassava foods. Book of abstract, 5th International
The simplicity of the method and immunity to halides Scientific meeting of the Cassava Biotechnology
interference within the linear range makes it a reliable Network CBN-V.
method in the absence of modern instrumental method of
analyzing cyanide. [9] Bradbury, H. J. and Holloway D. W., 1988.Cyanide
analysis in Cassava. In Chemistry of Tropical Root
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT crops: Significance for nutrition and Agriculture in
the pacific, Australian Centre for International
The authors express their gratitude to the Raw Materials Research.
and Development Council for the sponsorship for this
project. [10] Bokanga M. 1994. Distribution of Cyanogenic
potential in Cassava germplasm: In Cassava
Safety. Acta Horticulturae 373. pp 117
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