Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

Capacitors

Name: Group#:

+ NEYRA SERRANO CARLOS ISRAEL 608

+ TOMAS MERCADO LUIS MARIO

Construct the following electrical circuit (Capacitor), using PhET simulation, or

using the following link.

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/capacitor-lab

Today we will be exploring the energy stored in a capacitor, behavior of capacitors with and without
dielectrics, and the capacitor connection (series and parallel). You will complete the virtual lab using the
Capacitor Lab from Phet, data analysis software (Excel) and this document. Each member of the lab
group must complete this important assignment.

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

 Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

First part
Energy stored in the capacitor versus Voltage
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Set the plates to the minimum area (400.0 mm2), maximum separation (5.0 mm) and maximum
3- Using the provided meters ( charge, energy, Electric field E, and voltmeter) in the simulation
complete the following data table
A
4- Calculate the capacitance using C  , this the real value.
d
5- Increase the voltage from the battery and record the values of the voltage across the capacitor(V),
Charge on the plate(Q), and energy stored (U)
A
Separation d (m) Plate Area A (m2) Capacitance C  ( F)
d
Trial Potential Charge Q Stored Electric Field V2 ( volt)2 Q2 (C2) E2(V/m)2 Stored Energy
difference V (C) Energy U (J) between Density
(V) plates E u(J/m3)
(V/m)
U
u
Ad
1 1.5 V 10.62x10⁻¹³ 7.97x10⁻¹³ 300 V/m 2.25 V2 1.127x10⁻²⁴ 90,000 V²/m² 3.985x10⁻⁷

2 1.182 V 8.38x10⁻¹³ 4.95x10⁻¹³ 236.4 V/m 1.3971 V2 7.0224x10⁻²⁵ 55,885.98 V²/m² 2.475x10⁻⁷

3 0.833 V 5.90x10⁻¹³ 2.46x10⁻¹³ 166.6 V/m 0.693 V2 3.481x10⁻²⁵ 27,755.56 V²/m² 1.23x10⁻⁷

4 0.611 V 4.33x10⁻¹³ 1.32x10⁻¹³ 122.2 V/m 0.3733 V2 1.874x10⁻²⁵ 14,932.84 V²/m² 2.165x10⁻⁷

5 0.579 V 4.10x10⁻¹³ 1.19x10⁻¹³ 115.8 V/m 0.3352 V2 1.681x10⁻²⁵ 13,409.64 V²/m² 5.95x10⁻⁸

6 0.23 V 1.63x10⁻¹³ 0.19x10⁻¹³ 46 V/m 0.0529 V2 2.656x10⁻²⁶ 2,116 V²/m² 9.5x10⁻⁹

7 0.261 V 1.85x10⁻¹³ 0.24x10⁻¹³ 52.2 V/m 0.06812 V2 3.422x10⁻²⁶ 2,724.84 V²/m² 1.2x10⁻⁸

8 0.738 V 5.23x10⁻¹³ 1.93x10⁻¹³ 147.6 V/m 0.5446 V2 2.735x10⁻²⁵ 21,785.76 V²/m² 9.65x10⁻⁸

9 0.96 V 6.80x10⁻¹³ 3.26x10⁻¹³ 192 V/m 0.9216 V2 4.624x10⁻²⁵ 36,854 V²/m² 1.63x10⁻⁷

10 0.127 V 0.90x10⁻¹³ 0.06x10⁻¹³ 25.4 V/m 0.01612 V2 8.1x10⁻²⁷ 645.16 V²/m² 3x10⁻⁹

6- Use Excel to plot the relationship between (V2, U), using V2 in the most left column in Excel.
1
7- Use the equation U  CV 2 , to determine C0 using the slope of the graph.
2
8- Compare this value of C0 with C0 in the table. Calculate the percentage error.

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

9- Attach the graph to your data report.

10- Use Excel to plot the relationship between (Q2, U), using Q2 in the most left column in Excel.

11- Use the equationU 

Q 2 , to determine C using the slope of the graph.
0
2C
12- Compare this value of C0 with C0 in the table. Calculate the percentage error.

13- Attach the graph to your data report.

14- Use Excel to plot the relationship between (E2, u), using E2 in the most left column in Excel.
1
15- Use the equation u   E2 , to determine  using the slope of the graph.
2
16- Compare this value of  with  =8.85x10-12 F/m. Calculate the percentage error.

Second part
Dielectrics and Capacitance
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Dielectrics” tab.
3- Set the plates to the area A between (195- 205 mm2), separation d between (7.5- 8.5 mm),
maximum positive battery voltage (1.5 V) and minimum dielectric constant (1) with zero offset to
begin. See fig. below.

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

A
4- Determine the value of C  and compare it to the value from the par chart.
d
VALORES USADOS:

A= 198.8 mm² = 0.0001988 m²

d= 8.2 mm = 0.0082 m

El valor obtenido de C es de 0.214x10⁻¹² F y el que nos indica la simulación es de 0.22x10⁻¹² F, la

diferencia entre estos dos es valores es muy poca.

5- Insert the dielectric material in the capacitor, and determine the value of the capacitance C (in
F)
El valor de F con el material dieléctrico cuando vale 1, es de 0.22x10⁻¹²

6- Change the value of the dielectric constant K then complete the following data table (keep the
plate separation and area constant through all trials)

C0 = F

Dielectric Constant Capacitance (F)

Trial
K C

1 1 0.22x10⁻¹²
2 1.5 0.32x10⁻¹²
3 2 0.43x10⁻¹²
4 2.5 0.54x10⁻¹²
5 3 0.65x10⁻¹²
6 3.5 0.75x10⁻¹²
7 4 0.86⁻¹²
8 4.5 0.97x10⁻¹²
9 5 1.08x10⁻¹²

7- Draw the best fit using Excel between (K, C), and find the slope of the line.
8- Attach the graph to your lab report.
9- Use the equation C  KC , determine C0 and compare it to the value.

10- Calculate the percentage error in C0.

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

Third part
Dielectrics and Capacitance (Battery Connected)

1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)

2- Click on the “Dielectrics” tab.
3- Set the plates to the area A between (195- 205 mm2), separation d between (7.5- 8.5 mm),
maximum positive battery voltage (1.5 V) and minimum dielectric constant (1) with zero offset
to begin.
4- Using the provided meters (charge, energy, Electric field E, and voltmeter) in the simulation
complete the following data table

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

 Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

5- In the table below record the values of Capacitance C0, Electric field E0, stored energy U0, and
charge on p late Q0 and potential difference V0.
6- Slide the dielectric inside the capacitor and record the values shown in the table below.

A = 202.6 mm² = 0.0002026 m² d= 8.2 mm = 0.0082 m

C0 = F, E0 = V/m , Q0 = C , U0 = J, V0 = V

Trial Dielectric CapacitanceC Stored Plate Charge Electric Field Electric Field Sum Electric V ( Volt)
Constant (F) Energy Q(C) between the in Dielectric Field
plates E0 Ei (V/m) between
K U (J) (V/m) E (V/m)

1 1 0.22x10⁻¹² 0.25x10⁻¹² 0.33x10⁻¹² 1.5

2 1.5 0.33x10⁻¹² 0.37x10⁻¹² 0.50x10⁻¹² 1.5

3 2 0.44x10⁻¹² 0.50x10⁻¹² 0.66x10⁻¹² 1.5

4 2.5 0.55x10⁻¹² 0.62x10⁻¹² 0.82x10⁻¹² 1.5

5 3 0.66x10⁻¹² 0.74x10⁻¹² 0.99x10⁻¹² 1.5

6 3.5 0.77x10⁻¹² 0.87x10⁻¹² 1.15x10⁻¹² 1.5

7 4 0.88x10⁻¹² 0.99x10⁻¹² 1.32x10⁻¹² 1.5

8 4.5 0.99x10⁻¹² 1.11x10⁻¹² 1.48x10⁻¹² 1.5

9 5 1.10x10⁻¹² 1.24x10⁻¹² 1.65x10⁻¹² 1.5

7- Analyze the data above and answer the following questions. You may want to create graphs to
better explain relationships between variables. Attach any graphs or figures you create with the
data to explain your responses.

8- How does the dielectric constant affect capacitance?

9- As the dielectric constant increases, how does the total stored energy change?

10- Does the dielectric constant affect the amount of charge stored on the plate? If so, what is the
relationship?

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

Fourth part
Dielectrics and Capacitance (Battery Connected)

1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)

2- Click on the “Dielectrics” tab.
3- Set the plates to the area A between (195- 205 mm2), separation d between (7.5- 8.5 mm),
maximum positive battery voltage (1.5 V)
4- Using the provided meters (charge, energy, Electric field E, and voltmeter) in the simulation
complete the following data table

11- In the table below record the values of Capacitance C0, Electric field E0, stored energy U0, and
charge on p late Q0 and potential difference V0.

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

5- Disconnect the battery from the capacitor.

6- Select the material of dielectric constant to be paper (K= 3.5), slide it inside the capacitor, then
record the values of the quantities in the table below
A=198.9 mm² = 0.0001989 m d=7.8 mm = 0.0078 m

K= 3.5 (paper) Q(pC) C (pF) V(V) E(V/m) U(J)

Connected Battery 0.34 Pc 0.23 pF 1.5 V 192.308 2.54x10⁻¹³
without Dielectric
Disconnected Battery 0.34 pC 0.79 pF 0.429 V 55 0.07x10⁻¹²
with dielectric

7- Use the formulas to check and comment on your results. Where Q, C, V, E, and U with dielectric
and C0, E0, U0, Q0 and V0 without dielectric.
V U E
Q  ? Q , C  KC , V  ,U  ,E
K K K
8- Comment on your results.

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

Fifth part
Series Connection
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Multiple Capacitors” tab.
3- Click on three capacitor in series button.
4- Move the voltage slide to maximum and measure the voltage across the battery with the
voltmeter Vmax= .......................... V,click on three capacitors in series
5- Change the settings on the 3 capacitors to : C1= 1pF, C2= 2pF, C3= 2.5pF , as shown below

6- Now measure the voltage across each capacitor. V1= 0.789 V2= 0.395 V3= 0.316

7- What is the relationship of voltages?

La suma de los voltajes de cada capacitor es el resultado del voltaje total.

8- Using the stated capacitance (1.0x10-13 F, 2.0x10-13 F, 2.5x10-13 F) find the charge on each

capacitor. q1= 0.789x10-13 q2=0.789x10-13 q3=0.789x10-13

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

9- Comment on your results of the stored charge with q1, q2, and q3.

Los tres capacitores contienen o almacenan la misma carga.

10- What is the total capacitance in Farads? Read meter.

0.53x10-13 F

11- Use formula to find the total capacitance

1
𝐶𝑡 = C1= 1x10⁻¹³ c2= 2x10⁻¹³ c3= 2.5x10⁻¹³
1 1 1
𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 𝑐3
1 1 5𝑥10⁻¹³𝐹
𝐶𝑡 = = -13 = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟑 𝑭
1 1 1 9.5𝑥10 9.5𝑥10⁻¹³
+ +
1𝑥10⁻¹³𝐹 2𝑥10⁻¹³𝐹 2.5𝑥10⁻¹³𝐹 5𝑥10⁻¹³𝐹

Sixth part
Parallel Connection
1- Open the (https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/capacitor-lab)
2- Click on the “Multiple Capacitors” tab.
3- Click on three capacitor in series button.
4- Move the voltage slide to maximum and measure the voltage across the battery with the
voltmeter Vmax= .......................... V . click on three capacitors in parallel.
5- Change the settings on the 3 capacitors to : C1= 1pF, C2= 2pF, C3= 2.5pF , as shown below

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores

Physics IV Lab Worksheet Winter-Spring 2022- 2

6- Now measure the voltage across each capacitor. V1= 1.5 V V2= 1.5 V V3= 1.5 V

7- What is the relationship of voltages?

En los tres capacitores, el voltaje es el mismo (1.5 V), sin importar la capacitancia que tenga.

8- Using the stated capacitance (1.0x10-13 F, 2.0x10-13 F, 2.5x10-13 F) find the charge on each

capacitor.
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑉
-13 -13
Q 1 = ( 1.0x10 C) (1.5 V) Q2 = (2.0x10 C) (1.5 V) Q3= (2.5x10-13C) (1.5 V)
q1= 1.5x10⁻¹³C q2= 3x10⁻¹³C q3= 3.75x10⁻¹³C

9- Comment on your results of the stored charge with q1, q2, and q3.

Las carga almacenada depende de la capacitancia, quiere decir que mientras mayor
sea la capacitancia, la carga almacenada es mayor y viceversa.

10- What is the total capacitance in Farads? Read meter.

CT = 5.5x10-13 C

11- Use formula to find the total capacitance and compare to bar chart.
C1 = 1x10-13C C2= 2x10-13C C3= 2.5x10-13C

CT = C1 + C2 + C3
CT= 1x10-13C + 2x10-13C + 2.5x10-13C
CT= 5.5x10-13C

Capacitors Jose Luis Davila Flores