Std X Practical

Identification of Salt

SALT

CATION ANION
A) IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS:-
B) IDENTIFICATION OF ANIONS

Brisk effervescence with no CO3-2

peculiar odour

mild effervescence with no

Observation SO3-2
peculiar odour

Add dil. H2SO4

Brisk effervescence with rotten
egg smell S-2

White Fumes with

irritation odour Cl-1
no Specific
Observation Add Conc H2SO4
Brown fumes with
no peculiar odour NO3-

Reaction
1 Salt + Dil H2 SO4
2 The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through lime water
(Calcium hydroxide ) solution
3. The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through acidified KMnO4
solution
4. The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through acidified
K2Cr2O7 solution
Reaction
1 Salt + Dil H2 SO4
2 The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through lime water
(Calcium hydroxide ) solution
3. The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through acidified KMnO4
solution
4. The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through acidified
K2Cr2O7 solution
Test for Carbonate Radical
Observation Inference
Brisk effervescence without a Carbonate radical may be
peculiar odour present
Colourless lime water turns Carbonate radical confirmed
MILKY
Pink KMnO4 solution remains Carbonate radical confirmed
PINK
Orange K2Cr2O7 solution Carbonate radical confirmed
remains ORANGE
Test for Sulphite Radical
Observation Inference
Mild effervescence without a Sulphite SO3-2radical may be
peculiar odour present
Colourless lime water turns Sulphite radical may be present.
MILKY after prolonged
passage of gas.
Pink KMnO4 solution turns Sulphite radical confirmed
colourless (clear solution)
Orange K2Cr2O7 solution Sulphite radical confirmed
turns GREEN

Reaction
1 Salt + Dil H2 SO4
2 The gas obtained in step 1, is
brought in contact with Moist
Lead acetate paper
3. The gas obtained in step 1, is
bubbled through acidified KMnO4
solution
Test for Sulphide
Observation Inference
Brisk effervescence with rotten Sulphide S-2 radical may be
egg odour present
Moist Lead acetate paper turns Sulphide radical confirmed.
Silvery Black.
Pink KMnO4 solution turns Sulphide radical confirmed
colourless (clear solution)
leaving Yellow particles of
Sulphur.

4. The gas obtained in step 1, is Orange K2Cr2O7 solution turns Sulphide radical confirmed
bubbled through acidified GREEN
K2Cr2O7 solution

Nitrate
Reaction Observation Inference
1 Salt + Conc. H2 SO4 Fumes observed Nitrate NO3-1 radical may be
present
2 Salt + Conc. H2 SO4 + Cu DENSE BROWN FUMES Nitrate NO3-1 radical
turnings CONFIRMED
3. Brown Ring test BROWN ring Nitrate NO3-1 radical
Salt solution CONFIRMED
AND
FRESHLY prepared prepared
FeSO4 solution
(1:1)
Slowly Add Conc Sulphuric acid
 Identification of Salt - Ferric chloride (FeCl3)
Experiment No - 1

Test Observation Inference

Aim - To identify the Salt from the given

sample.

Apparatus & chemicals required - Test

tube, test tube holder, dropper, Sodium
hydroxide solution, Ammonium hydroxide
solution, conc. Sulphuric acid, Silver nitrate
solution, manganese dioxide, starch iodide
paper

Primary Observation
1. Colour of the salt Brownish Yellow Fe+3 may be present
2. Odour No peculiar odour ---

Procedure:
A) Identification of Cation:
Take a pinch of the sample in a test
tube and dissolve it in water. Divide the
solution in two equal amounts by using
a test tube.

a) To study the action of Sodium hydroxide

on given salt
i) Salt solution +Dropwise of NaOH Dirty Brown Precipitate formed Fe+3 may be present
ii) Salt + Excess of NaOH.
Dirty Brown Precipitate insoluble Fe+3 may be present
b) To study the action of Ammonium Dirty Brown Precipitate formed Fe+3 may be present
hydroxide on given salt
i) Salt solution +Dropwise of NH4OH Dirty Brown Precipitate insoluble Fe+3 confirmed
ii) Salt + Excess of NH4OH.

The cation Present in the Given salt is Ferric (Fe+3)

A) Identification of Anion:

a) Salt + Dilute Sulphuric acid No specific Reaction CO3 -2, SO3-2, S-2 absent

b) Take a pinch of sample salt and White Fumes with irritating odour CI-1 may be present
Conc. Sulphuric acid. released

c) Salt + conc. Sulphuric acid Gas White precipitate of Silver chloride CI-1 confirmed
released is bubbled through Silver formed
nitrate solution.

d) Salt + conc. Sulphuric Greenish yellow gas with pungent CI-1 confirmed
acid Manganese dioxide powder odour released.

e) Moist Starch Iodide paper brought in White Starch Iodide paper turns Blue CI-1 confirmed
contact with greenish yellow gas Black
released in step (d)

Conclusion :- The Anion Present in the given salt is chloride (CI-1)

Conclusion :- The given salt is Ferric chloride .

 Identification of Salt - Zinc sulphide (ZnS)
Experiment No -2

Test Observation Inference

Aim - To identify the Salt from the given

sample.
Apparatus & chemicals required - Test
tube, test tube holder, delivery tube,
dropper, Sodium hydroxide solution,
Ammonium hydroxide solution, dil. Sulphuric
acid, Potassium permanganate solution,
Lead acetate paper

Primary Observation
1. Colour of the salt Creamish ---
2. Odour No peculiar odour ---

Procedure:
A) Identification of Cation:
Take a pinch of the sample in a test tube
and dissolve it in water. Divide the
solution in two equal amounts by using a
test tube.
a) To study the action of Sodium
hydroxide on given salt
i) Salt solution +Dropwise of White Precipitate formed Zn+2 ,Pb+2, Ca+2 may be
NaOH present
ii) Salt + Excess of NaOH. White Precipitate soluble Zn+2 may be present
b) To study the action of Ammonium
hydroxide on given salt
i) Salt solution +Dropwise of White Precipitate formed Zn+2 ,Pb+2, Ca+2 may be
present
NH4OH
White Precipitate soluble Zn+2 confirmed.
ii) Salt + Excess of NH4OH.

The cation Present in the Given salt is Zinc (Zn+2)

 A) Identification of Anion:

a) Salt + Dilute Sulphuric acid (heat Colourless gas released with Rotten S-2 may be present
gently if required ) Egg odour

b) The gas evolved in step (a) is
bubbled through Potassium
permanganate solution
c) The gas evolved in step (a) is
brought in contact with moist Lead
acetate paper
Pink Colour of Potassium S-2 confirmed
permanganate solution turn
colourless and Yellow particles of
Sulphur seen at the bottom of the
Test tube
White Lead acetate paper turns S-2 confirmed
Silvery Black

The Anion Present in the given salt is sulphide (S-1)

Conclusion :- The given salt is Zinc sulphide.

Experiment 3:- Ammonium carbonate

Experiment 4:- Sodium sulphite
Experiment 5:- Potassium nitrate
Experiment 6 :- Lead chloride