Philippine History

Three Important Parts Knowing A Country’s

History
1. God.
“Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord”

2. People
“The only Christian nation in Asia”

3. Land
“One of the most beautiful and richest lands in the world”
What Is The Name Of Our Country
And How Did We Get This Name?
•Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro called
“Ma-yi” means land of gold. (90-168A.D)

•A Greek mapmaker name Claudius Ptolemy Called

our island “Maniolos” in his ancient map.

•When Magellan came in 1521. He called the

Philippines “Archipelago of St. Lazarus” but still
did not become popular.
• In 1943,Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos gave
the name “Felipinas” in honor of Crown Prince Felipe
who later become the King Philip II of Spain

• The word “Felipinas” later became “Filipinas” during

the Spanish colonial era.

• It became “the Philippine Islands” during the

American Colonial era.

• Then finally “the Republic of the Philippines” after our

independence in 1946.
Pearl of the Orient Seas
❑Popular Nickname named by the two famous
writers: Fr. Juan J. Delgado in 1751, a Spanish
missionary-historian.

❑Dr. Jose Rizal who popularized on his 1892

article and his last farewell poem in1896.
Origin of the
Philippines
•One legend says the Philippines came from a giant who
was carrying a huge rock down, then broke into small
pieces and thus was formed an island.

•A quarrel between the sea and sky. The sky threw rocks
down to the sea and thus was formed the island.

•Some geologist claim it was a remnant prehistoric

called “Mu” or “Lemuria” due to the volcanic
eruptions and earthquakes thus sank beneath the
ocean.
• Some geologist claim it was a remnant prehistoric
called “Mu” or “Lemuria” due to the volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes thus sank beneath the ocean.

• The most popular accepted scientific theory states that

the Philippines was part of the “Sunda Shelf” or the
continental shelf of Asia. About 25,000 years ago, the
ice ended, the world’s ice melted, and the rising sea
level flooded the island bridges connecting the
continent of Asia and the Philippines.
 Location
➢The Philippines lies in
South-east Asia. It is
bounded in the East by the
Pacific Ocean, in the west
is South China Sea, in the
north by the Bashi Cannel,
and in the South by the
Zulu and Celebes Seas.
➢The northern most is
Y’ami, only 24 km. from
Taiwan.
➢The southern most island is
Saluag Isle, about 24km.
from Sabah (North Borneo)
Why The Philippines Location Is Important?
1. It is the only Christian nation in Asian world.
2. Is the melting pot of races and cultures, with a unique
heritage from Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North
America.
3. It is the bridge that links the oriental and occidental
worlds.
4. It is at the cross roads of Asia’s air and sea routes.
5. It is the bastion of democracy in Asia where most of the
countries are kingdoms, militarily dictatorships, or
one- party government.
 Area
➢According to the constitution, the national territory of the
Philippines includes: island, adjacent seas and submarine areas
and the air space above.
➢The total land area of the Philippines is 300,780 sq. or 0.2% of
the world’s land mass.
➢The land area of the Philippines is bigger than that of the
United Kingdom, almost as large as Italy, and slightly smaller
than Japan.
➢Having 7,107 islands but the latest 7,641 islands and islets it is
one of the world’s largest archipelagos or group of islands.
2,773 identified names and 1,290 are inhabited.
 The Biggest Island Group Are:
1. Luzon (141,395 sq. km.)
2. Mindanao (101,999 sq. km.)
3. Visayas (56, 606 sq. km.)
The Eleven Main Island of the Philippines
1. Luzon
2. Mindanao
3. Samar
4. Negros
5. Palawan
6. Panay
7. Mindoro
8. Leyte
9. Cebu
10.Bohol
11.Masbate
 topography
• The Philippines is an inverted
Y-shape archipelago
• It has 61 natural harbors
• Manila bay is the finest harbor
in Asia and also the largest bay
in the Philippines.
Famous Bays
▪ Manila bay
▪ Balayan bay (Batangas)
▪ Tayabas Bay (Quezon)
▪ Ormoc Bay (Leyte)
▪ Taytay Bay (Palawan)
▪ Sindangan Bay
▪ Illana Bay (Mindanao)
▪ Sarangani Bay
Straits and Mountains
▪ San Juanico Strait
The narrowest strait in the world
found between Samar and Leyte.
▪ ``Philippine Deep”
It is the lowest and deepest place
in the world with the depth of
37,732 feet below sea level
found in Mindanao.
▪ Mt. Apo
The highest Mt. in the Phil. With
a meters of 2,954 above sea
level found in Mindanao
▪Mt. Pulag
The second Highest peak in
Ifugao-Benguet Boundary.
Others are:
▪ Mt. Banahaw in Laguna
▪Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon
▪Mt. Halcon in Mindoro
Oriental
▪Mt. Kanlaon
▪Mt. Matutum in Catabato
The Four Major Lowlands Plains
1. The Central Pains
``the Rice Granary of the Philippines”

2. Cagayan Valley
The greatest tobacco-producing region
in Asia and also the largest valley of the Phil.

3. Benguet Plateau
The famous plateau in Northern Luzon.
The Famous Rivers and Lakes
▪ Cagayan River
The longest river in the Philippines
out of 132 main rivers.
▪ The Rio Grande of Mindanao
The largest river in the Phil.
▪ Pasig River
The most historic river in the Phil. Is
now the most polluted river.
▪ Laguna de Bay
The largest lake out of 59 natural
lakes which was a source of
inspiration of Dr. Jose Rizal.
The Famous Falls
▪ Pagsanjan Falls in Pangasinan.

▪ Maria Christina Falls in Lanao del

Norte.

▪ Hinulugang Taktak in Antipolo

▪ Tamaraw Falls in Mindoro Oriental

▪ Darosdos Falls in Samar

 The Effect of the Archipelago
Shape of the Philippines are:
▪There is a geographical barrier separating the
Philippines from other nation in Asia. Contact and
communication between Filipinos and other nation in
Asia are more difficult because of many seas and Island s
to cross.

▪This archipelago barriers also divides tribes and nation

in the Philippines. There are 150 dialects and language
groups in the country.
▪With many island to defend the country is easily invaded by
foreigners who fell to the Spanish, British, Japanese, and
American forces at different times in our history.

▪Smuggling, privacy and migration can happen more easily in

this archipelago.

▪The different island and cultural features make an ideal training

ground for missionaries and evangelists who want to learn
about different cultures, climates and peoples.
Climate
➢The Philippine climate is tropical
and monsoonal in character

Two Season:
1. Dry Season (from Dec. to
May)
2. Wet Season (June to Nov.)
▪The coldest month is January and
the hottest is May.
▪Rainfall is from July to October.
Typhoon and Earthquake
▪Ondoy
▪Lawin

▪June 11, 1863

▪1991 earthquake in Baguio
 Volcanoes
▪ Mt. Mayon
-The most famous and nearly perfect cone volcanoes in the Phil.
found in Albay, Bicol.
-Erupted more than 30 times recorded history from 1616.
▪ Taal
The smallest and surrounded by a lake in Batangas, erupted 20 times
from 1572 up to present.
▪ Mt. Pinatubo
The worst volcanic eruption in history happen in June 1991, the
homeland of Aetas inZambales. Damages six provinces.
▪Mt. Mayon
-The most famous
and nearly perfect cone
volcanoes in the Phil.
found in Albay, Bicol.
-Erupted more than
30 times recorded
history from 1616.
▪ Taal
The smallest and
surrounded by a lake in
Batangas, erupted 20 times
from 1572 up to
present.
 Plant Life
▪ Sampaguita
``The National flower”
▪ Apung-apung
The world’s largest flower with the
diameter of one foot.
▪ Ylang –ylang
▪ Gumamela
▪ Kalachuchi
▪ Dama de notche
Sampaguita
``The National flower”
Animal Life
▪ The Philippine Monkey-eating
Eagle
The world’s largest eagle
which is now the National
Birds.
 Other birds….
▪ Eastern Sarus Crane
The biggest bird known as Tipol ni Luzon and Labong in
Visayas.
▪ Kalaw
Called the ``clock mountain” because it always makes loud call
at noon time in the mountain.
▪ Katala
Can talk and sing like a human
▪ Palawan peacock, called the dancing bird.
▪ Limbas, a hawk which scream repeatedly as it soar into the sky.
▪Carabao (Water Buffalo)
The most useful
animal, the farmer’s best
friend.
Four Unique Animals
▪Tamaraw of Mindoro,
looks like dwarf and
fierce like a tiger.
▪ Tarsius of Bohol, the smallest
monkey in the world.
▪ Mouse deer of Balabac Island,
Palawan, smallest deer of the
world.
▪ Zebronkey, is half zebra and half
donkey.
 Forest Resources
• In Asia, the Philippines ranks
THIRD in forests reserve.
• Japan, is the second.
• Indonesia, being the first.
▪ Narra
“queen of the
Philippine wood” and the
national tree.
Fish and Marine Resources
• Whale shark (Pating)
The largest fish of the
world.
• Dwarf Pygmy (Pandca Pygmea)
The smallest fish of the
world.
• Milk fish (Bangus)
Phil. National Fish
 Social Environment
``The people is the most
important element in nation;
the spirit of the land and the
grain are next; the leaders
are the least important.
-Mencius, a famous Chinese philosopher-
 The Filipinos Are A Great Nation Because Of The
Following…….
1. We are unique nation with the cultural heritage from four of the major
civilizations in the world-Asian, European, Latin American, North American.
2. We are a nation with a gift of faith and music. The Filipinos are very spiritual and
deeply religious.
3. We are the first Republic in Asia that was founded by Aguinaldo in 1898, the
other nation were kingdom, colonies or nonexistent.
4. We receive training in self government and democracy ahead of the other Asian
Nation, when the Philippine Commonwealth came in 1935 under President
Quezon.
5. We lead the Asian world in building schools and universities roads bridges etc.
6. We are the largest English speaking nation in Asia, the others do not speak
fluently.
 Social Classes
1. The rich
They own 90% of the wealth of
the country. (politician, businessmen,
charitable foundations)
2. The middle class
About 20% of the population
(doctors, lawyers, teacher, accountant,
etc.
3. The lower-income group or the poor
masses.
About 70% of the population (
 Religious influence

•83% are Catholics

•7.6% are Aglipayans
•2.3% Protestants
 Article III, Section 5-the freedom of religion is
enshrined in the Constitution.
• Catholicism was the greatest legacy of Spain in the Phil.
• The American introduced western Protestant sects.
• Aglipayans Church or Philippine Independent Church is a unique
Filipino protestants sect, founded by Isabelo de los Reyes in 1902
with Gregorio L. Aglipay as its first Bishop.
• The Iglesia Ni Chisto, founded by Felix Y Manalo in 1914.
• Islam, is the second largest religion.
• Pagan followers is about 0.03% like Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi
which worship Jose Rizal.
A Nation Of Many Languages
• Cebuano ranks one (24.39%)
• Tagalog (23.82%)
• Ilocano (11.14)
• Hiligaynon or Ilonggo
• Bicolano
• Waray-waray
• Kapampangan
• Pangasinan
•The medium of instruction
in both Elementary, high
school, sate colleges and
universities is bilingual
both- Filipino and English.
•Tagalog is our National
Language since 1935 under
President Manuel L. Quezon
as the ``father of National
Language.”
Filipino Character
``TheFilipinos, has many good
qualities which go far to make
up for his shortcomings”-John
Foreman-

``The Filipinos is not inferior

to any men of any race. His
physical intellectual, and
moral qualities are as
excellent as those of the
proudest stock of mankind”-
Manuel L. Quezon-
Characters are….
``bahala na” (come what may or it is
``Pakikisama” leads to peddling or
God’s will)
cheating
• Ningas cogo” begin a task with
enthusiasm but quickly lose •``maῆana habbit”
interest.
 ``bayanihan”
``utang na loob” debt of honor
 ``close family ties”
``warm hospitality” blood is sticker than water.
``liberty-loving and bravest people” Finally, ``Filipinos noted for
durability and resiliency.”
Filipinos are fun of Arts...

•Architecture •Literature
Juan F. Nakapil Amado V. Fernandes
Pablo S. Antonio
•Literature

*Amado V. Fernandes (peot and laborer leader)

*Jose Garcia Villa (penname, Davegelion ``the
comma poet and 1st national artist.”
*Nick Juaquin (penname, Quijano de Manila``the
Filipino-Spanish belief and tradition.”
*Carlos P. Romulo
• Dance
Francisca Reyes Aquino
Leonor Orosa Goquingco
Lucrecia Urtula
•Music
Lea Salonga
Jovita Fuentes
Lucrecia Kasilag
•Painting
Fernando Amorsolo
Carlos V. Francisco
Victoria Edades
•Sculpture
Guillermo Tolentino
Napoleon Abueva
 Our Early Ancestors
➢Who were the first people to live in the
Philippines?
➢Where did they came from?
➢What happen to them?
Three Main Source

1. The Story of God’s creation in the bible.

2.The Evolution of Man.
3.The Legends and Fairytales
The Story of God’s creation in the bible.
God – Adam&Eve – Seth – Enosh – kenan – Mahalalel – Jared –

Javan- Shem, Ham, Japeth-Noah-Lamech-Methuselah - Enoch

Tharsis – Their descendants were the early Filipinos.

The Evolution of Man.
▪Tabon Man (apelike)
first lived in caves at
Tabon, Palawan, belong to
the age stone
 Migration theory

▪Negritos (Aetas)
still lived in the hills
of Zambales
▪Indonesians
more advance than
negritos, they painted their
bodies with colorful figures.
They are the Apayao,
Gaddangs, Ibanags and
Kalingas in Northern Luzon.
They are the Tagbanua,
Bagobos, Monobos, Mandayas,
Bukidnon, Tirurays, and
Sabununs of Mindanao.
▪Malay
Ten Malay Datus left
Borneo and landed in
Panay. Datu Puti lead the
Malay. They are Igorots,
Ifugao, Bontocs and
Tinggians of Luzon.
 Legend or Fairytale

▪Malakas at maganda
▪Racial Superiority of
brown people
 Society
Philippine pre-colonial society is both different and the
same as in the present. Some aspects of the pre-colonial
period have survived into our time. The following is a
description of the way of life of pre-colonial Filipinos.
 Cultural Minorities
• Under the constitution, the Cordilleras
of Luzon and Muslim-parts of
Mindanao have been declared
autonomous region.
• Why????????? Preserve their tribal
government, laws, education and
culture.
Northern tribes are…..
• Ifugao, Bontoc,
kankanays, Ibaloys,
Tinguians, kalingas,
Gaddangs and the
negritoes some are
practicing headhunting
but now totally stopped,
tattoos, weaving, and
extensive terracing system.
 Mode of Dressing
• male attire was composed of the kanggan
(sleeveless jacket) and bahag (loincloth)
• the color of the kanggan indicates rank –
red for the chief, black or blue for the
commoners
• men also wear a turban called putong,
Bogobo man & woman which also tell the social
status/achievement of the individual
wearing it
• female attire consisted of baro or camisa
(jacket with sleeves) and saya or patadyong
(a long skirt); some women wore a piece of
red or white cloth on top of their skirt
Kalinga & subuanon women called tapis
Bogobo Man
Ornaments
• men and women wore ornaments to
look attractive
• both wear kalumbiga, pendants,
bracelets, and leglets
• these ornaments were made of gold
• some wore gold fillings between the
teeth
• tattoos were also fashionable for
some pre-colonial Filipinos; they also
exhibit a man’s war record
• Islas del Pintados – term coined by
the Spaniards for the Visayans
B
O
N
T
O
c
men
Houses
• built to suit the tropical climate
• called bahay kubo, made of
wood, bamboo, and nipa palm; it
was built on stilts and can be
entered through ladders that can
be drawn up
• some Filipinos, such as the
Kalingas, Mandayas and Bagobos
built their houses on treetops
• others, such as the Badjaos, built
their houses on boats
 Social Classes
•the society was made up of three
classes: nobles (made up of the
datu and their families),
mahadlika or maharlika
(freemen) and the alipin
(dependents)
•members of the nobility were
addressed with the title Gat or
Lakan among the Tagalogs
• alipin or dependents acquired their status
by inheritance, captivity, purchase, failure
to settle debts, or by committing a crime
•there were two kinds of dependents:
aliping namamahay and aliping sagigilid
•in the Visayas,
dependents
were of three
kinds : tumataban,
tumarampok, and
the ayuey Maguindanao Sultan, nobles &
Alipins
Status of Women
• women in pre-colonial
Philippine society had the
right to inherit property,
engage in trade and
industry, and succeed to the
chieftainship of the
barangay in the absence of
a male heir
• had the exclusive right to
name their children
• men walked behind them as
a sign of respect
Marriage customs
• men were in general, monogamous; while their
wives are called asawa, while concubines are
called “friends”
• in order to win the hand of his lady, the man has to
show his patience and dedication to both the lady
and her parents
• courtship usually begins with paninilbihan
• if the man wins the trust of the parents, he does not
immediately marry the woman, but he has to
satisfy several conditions:
- give a dowry or bigay-kaya
- pay the panghihimuyat
- pay the wet nurse bigay-suso
- pay the parents himaraw
- bribe for the relatives called sambon
(among the Zambals)
• once he had settled all of the above requirements,
he brings his parents to meet with the bride-to-
be’s parents to haggle and make the final
arrangements; this is called pamamalae or
pamamanhikan or pamumulungan
• the wedding ceremonies vary depending on the
status of the couple; but normally, those from the
upper class, a go-between was employed
• weddings are officiated by the priestess or
babaylan
• uncooked rice is thrown on the couple after the
wedding ceremony
Tausog wedding Marriage ceremony -
ceremony eating rice
 Muslim Wedding
Muslim Filipinos have similar
marriage customs; the first stage was
called pananalanguni or bethrothal;
it was followed by the consultation
with the girl’s parents, who relays
their decision to the village chief,
who in turn informed the suitor’s
parents of the decision
 Dowry Was Also Settled By The Chief (Pedsungud).
This was of seven kinds:
1. kawasateg, money given to the bride’s close
relatives; • once everything is settled,
2. siwaka, brassware given to those who helped the pegkawing, or the
arrange the wedding; wedding ceremony follows
3. enduatuan, brassware or animals for the
village chief; • the wedding ceremony is
4. pangatulian, jewelry given to the bride’s officiated by the hadji
mother and aunts;
5. tatas, blade given to the girl’s uncle; • six days of festivities
6. langkad, money given to the girl’s parents as followed, and only on the
fine for having bypassed the girl’s elder sister
if she had any; and
seventh day could the
7. lekat, amount of money given to the girl’s couple sleep together
attendant.
 Mixed Marriages, Inheritance and Succession
• mixed marriages were allowed in pre-colonial society
• the status of children were dependent upon the status of the
parents
• often, the status of children in mixed marriages is divided
evenly between the parents
• single children of mixed marriage were half-free and half-
dependent
• legitimate children inherited their parents’ property even
without any written will and was divided equally among the
children
•natural children inherited only a third of the
inheritance of legitimate children
•children of dependent mothers are given freedom
and a few things
•nearest relatives inherit the property of childless
couples
•in succession, the first son of the barangay chieftain
inherits his father’s position; if the first son dies, the
second son succeeds their father; in the absence of
male heirs, it is the eldest daughter that becomes the
chieftain
Government
Politics
unit of government was the barangay, which
consisted of from 30 to 100 families. The term
came from the Malay word balangay,
meaning boat
barangays were headed by chieftains called
datu
the subjects served their chieftain during
wars, voyages, planting and harvest, and
when his house needs to be built or repaired;
they also paid tributes called buwis
• the chief or datu was the chief executive, the legislator, and
the judge; he was also the supreme commander in times of
war
• alliances among barangays were common and these were
formalized in a ritual called sangduguan
• conflicts between or
among barangays
were settled by
violence; those who
win by force is
always right
Trial by Ordeal
• to determine the innocence of an accused, he is made
to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass
• examples include dipping one’s hand in boiling water,
holding a lighted candle that must not be extinguished,
plunging into a river and staying underwater for as long
as possible, chewing uncooked rice and spitting, etc.
• among the Ifugaos, ordeal by combat was common, i.e.
bultong (wrestling), alaw (duel)
bultong
Religion
 Religious Beliefs
• pre-colonial Filipinos believed in the immortality of the soul and in life
after death
• they also believed in the existence of a number of gods whom they worship
and made offerings to according to rank
• Bathalang Maykapal (Creator), Idinayale (god of agriculture), Sidapa (god
of death), Balangaw (rainbow god), Mandarangan (war god), Agni (fire
god) Lalahon (goddess of harvest), Siginarugan (god of hell), Diyan
Masalanta (goddess of love), etc.
• also showed respect for animals and plants
like the crocodile, crow, tigmamanukin;
some trees were not also cut because they
were thought to be divine
• diseases were thought to be caused by the
temper of the environmental spirits
• Filipinos also venerated the dead by
keeping alive their memory by carving idols
of stone, gold or ivory called likha or
larawan; food, wine and other things were
also shared with the dead
• adored idols called anitos or diwatas to
whom they made offerings
• some anitos were considered bad;
however, they made offerings to them
too in order to appease them or placate
their anger
• priestesses such as the babaylan/
baylana or katalona acted as mediums
to communicate with these spirits
Burial
• the dead was placed in a wooden coffin
and buried under the house complete with
cloth, gold and other valuable things
• upon the death of the person, fires were
made under the house and armed men
acted as sentinels to guard the corpse from
sorcerers
• professional mourners were hired to
accentuate the depth of mourning
ngeeeek
• sometimes, the relatives of the dead wore
rattan bands around their arms, legs and
necks and they abstained from eating meat
and drinking wine
• the ancients distinguished mourning for a
woman from that of a man – morotal (for
women) and maglahi (for men)
• mourning for a dead chief is called laraw,
and this was accompanied by certain
prohibitions like engaging in petty quarrels,
wars, carrying daggers with hilts in the
normal position, singing in boats coming
from the sea or river, and wearing loud
clothes
Divination and Magic Charms
• ancient Filipinos are quite superstitious and
put much stock into auguries, and magic
charms
• they interpreted signs in nature like the
flight of birds, the barking of dogs, the
singing of lizards, and the like, as good or
bad omens depending on the circumstances
• they also consulted with the pangatauhan,
or soothsayers, to tell their fortunes
•there was also a belief in the existence of the aswang,
mangkukulam, manggagaway, tiyanak, and the
tikbalang
•amulets and charms were also used by the ancients
like the anting-anting, gayuma, odom or tagabulag,
wiga or sagabe, and tagahupa
•these beliefs were not eradicated with the coming of
Western civilization and most of them were practiced
behind the backs of the Christian missionaries
•the result was a blending of pagan and Christian
beliefs that made Filipino Catholicism unique
Economic Life
 Agriculture
• main source of livelihood
• rice, coconuts, sugar cane, cotton, hemp,
bananas, oranges, and many species of
fruits and vegetables were grown
• done in two ways : kaingin system (slash
and burn) and tillage
• when the Spaniards came to the Philippines,
they noted that Cebu and Palawan were
abundant in many agricultural foodstuffs
•agricultural productivity was enhanced by use
of irrigation ditches like those found in the
Ifugao Rice Terraces
•landholding was either public (less arable
land that could be tilled freely by anyone) and
private (rich and cultivated lands belonging to
nobles and datus)
•some rented land and paid in gold or in kind
 Weaving
• home industry
that was
dominated
by women
• using crude
wooden looms,
textiles such as
sinamay from hemp, medrinaque from banana, cotton, linen,
and silk, were woven
 Trade
• was conducted between or among barangays, or even
among the islands
• there was trade too with other countries such as China,
Siam, Japan, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and other
islands of old Malaysia
• did not use any currency but conducted trade through barter
• sometimes, goods were priced in terms of gold or metal
gongs
• Chinese traders noted that Filipinos were very honest in their
commercial transactions
 System of Writing
•before the arrival of the Spaniards, Filipinos used a
syllabary which was probably of Sanskrit or Arabic
provenance
•the syllabary consisted of seventeen symbols, of
which three were vowels and fourteen consonants
•no one is certain about the direction of writing
•Fr. Pedro Chirino’s theory is that the ancients wrote
from top to bottom and from left to right
•pre-colonial Filipinos wrote on bark of trees, on
leaves and bamboo tubes, using their knives and
daggers, pointed sticks or iron as pens and the
colored saps of trees as ink
•only a few of this writings survive into the
present because early Spanish missionaries
destroyed many manuscripts.
•some pieces of literature, however, have been
handed down to us orally
 Literature
• pre-colonial literature may be classified into : floating or oral and written literature
• Tagalogs have the bugtong (riddle)
• suliranin and indulanin (street songs)
• sabi (maxim), sawikain (saying)
• talindaw (boat songs), diyuna (song of revelry)
• kumintang (war song which evolved into a love song)
• dalit and umbay (dirge)
• tagumpay, balikungkong
• dupayinin and hiliraw (war songs)
• uyayi and hele (lullabies)
• ihiman (bridal song), tagulaylay (mournful song)
• tigpasin (rowing song), tingad (household song)
• and kutang-kutang (couplets usually chanted by the blind)
•dramas developed into different forms such as the
pagbati, karagatan, tagayan, pananapatan, and tibaw
•the karagatan was a debate in verse in which a
problem is resolved; it developed into the duplo during
the Spanish period and then into the balagtasan in
1924 during the American period
• tibaw on the other hand is perform during the pasiyam
•Maranaw literature, inspired by Islam, consisted of
tutul (folk tale), tubad-tubad (short love poems),
pananaro-on (sayings and proverbs), sowa-sowa-i
(drama), antoka (riddle or puzzle), and darangan
(epic poetry)
•Ilocano literature, for its part, has many kinds of
songs sung on different occasions; this include dal-ot
(song during baptismal party, wedding, or a feast),
badeng (love song sung in a serenade), and dung-aw
(dirge)
• Filipinos were fond of composing epic poetry, which is
why the country is unique for having more than
twenty epic poems. Examples of this are Hudhud and
Alim (Ifugao), Biag ni Lam-Ang (The Life of Lam-Ang /
Ilocano), Bantugan, Indarapatra at Sulayman, and
Bidasari
(Moslems)

Igorots
reciting
Hudhud
 Princess
Lanawen
to be won
by Prince
Bantugan

Princess Bidasari story is like Snow White’s

Indarapatra &
Sulayman
Music and Dance
• Filipinos are naturally fond of both music
and dance, and usually, whenever music is
played, it is accompanied by dance
• some examples of pre-colonial musical instruments
include kudyapi (Tagalog), bansic or a cane with four
holes and gangsa or a small guitar (Negritos of
Luzon), abafii a Malay music instrument (Igorots),
gongs, Jews harp, bamboo flute, kutibeng or a guitar
with five strings (Ilocano),
kalaleng or a nose flute
and diwdiw-as or pan
pipe made of seven
bamboos reeds
(Tinguians)
• examples of the native dances, which depict different
events include Potato Dance, Torture Dance, Duel
Dance, Lovers Dance (Negritos); macasla dance
(Tagbanua), kinnotan or ant’s dance and the
kinnallogong or hat dance (Ilocano); balitaw and
dandansoy (Visayan); balatong, dalit, hiliraw, kutang-
kutang, lulay, indulanin, kumintang, salampati,
tagulaylay, subli, barimbaw, and tagayan (Tagalog)
• this shows that Filipinos
have songs and dances for
almost all occasions and
because of their frequent
association, their social
organization was more well-
knit than it is today
Art
• first glimpse can be seen in primitive tools and
weapons that were polished along the lines of leaves
and petals of flowers
• can also be seen in beads, amulets, bracelets, and
other ornaments made of jade, red cornelian, and
other stones
• dyed and ornamented their barkcloth with designs of
attractive colors
• in the Iron Age, aside from armlets, bracelets, rings,
and headbands, tattoos also became fashionable;
metals and glass also came into use; weaving became
a preoccupation for women; weapons were
manufactured with designs on their handles; pottery
with incised designs were made; and carvings made
of wood, bone, ivory or horn were also done not only
for the use of the living but also of the dead
Sarimanok

utensils

gangsa
• the zigszag designs on ancient lime tubes and the
ornamental carvings on combs reflect Negrito
influence
• Indonesian influence can be seen in the apparel of
the Kalingas, Maranaos, Manobos and Bagobos
• Malay influence can be traced to the wood carvings
found in utensils, boats, and wooden shields of the
people of Sulu, Mindanao and Mountain Province
Igorot
shields
Early relation with india, china and arabia
• hindu(sankrit)-filipino borrowed words
.ama-father
.asawa-spouse
.halaga-price
.maharlika-noble
.nanay-mother
.mutya-pear
.paa-foot
.raha-king
.sandata-king
.bathla-gods
Filipino-Indian superstition
• A maiden who sings merrily while cooking will marry an old widower
• A pregnant woman who eats twin bananas will give birth twins also.
China influnces
• The use of firecracker at new year
• The jueteng and mah-jong.
• In laguages there are 1500 words borrowed
.ate-sister .pinto-door
. Bakya-wooden shoes .susi-key
. Bantay-guard
. Buwisit-unlucky
. Gunting-scissors
.kuya-elder brother
Arabian influences
• In 1380, the first arab visitors named Mukdum came to sulu from
Mecca, Saudi Arabia built the first Mosque at Simunul, Sulu.
• In 1450, an arab missionary named Abu Bakr went to jolo and
foundaed sultanate of sulu.
• In 1475, an arab trader named Kabungsuwan landed at Cotabato to
Conquer the valley. He also married the local princess and founded
the sultanate of Maguindanao
• Arabic-filipino borrowed word
. alak-wine
. Apo-old man
. bukas-tomorrow
. Pilat-scar
. Salamat-thanks
. Sulat-letter
 Colonial era
In 16th century, the Philippines invaded by the
Spaniards, A colony of Spain.
 3 main reason why Spaniards came to
the Philippines
• God-spreading of Catholicism.
• Gold-phil. is abundant in pepper, garlic, ginger and gold.
•Glory-political glory, Spain was the greatest empire of the
world.
 Magellan’s expedition
• Magellan , a Portuguese explorer, asked the Portuguese king Manuel to
finance his sail to the phil. But he just laugh at him
• Magellan travelled to Spain to talked with king Ferdinand and queen
Isabel.
• They granted his plan and ordered to court him with 5 ships and 265
men.
• On September 20, 1517, Magellan left Spain, they sailed westward across
the Atlantic ocean down to the tip of South America.
• They crossed a secret passage called Strait of Magellan then they crossed
Pacific Ocean until the reached the Island of the Philippines.
 When did Magellan come?
• Controversy: some sources say march 16, 1521 but other
sources march 17, 1561.
• In 1512, a Portuguese explorer named Francisco Serano was
standard on the coast in Mindanao , He wrote his cousin to find
the route to the east to the Philippines.
• In 1521,another Portuguese named Duarte Barbosa,
Magellan’s brother-in-law wrote about Sulu on his voyage.
• Many Portuguese ships before Magellan but fortunately
Portugal never claimed the Philippines.
 Where was the first mass in
Limasawa or Masao, Butuan?
 First mass was held in Butuan
• March 16, 1521, Magellan and his men landed at samar.
•March 17, landed in Homonhon in Leyte Gulf.
•March 28, landed in Masao, Butuan in Agusan del Norte,
found the rich rice field, gold etc.
•In Butuan, two king o hari: Raha Kolambu and Raja
Siago
•Magellan and Raha Kolambu made the blood compact
known as “Sandugo” to seal their friendship.
• The first mass was held on the shore of Masao, Butuan on
Easter morning on March 31, 1521 lead by Fr. Pedro de
Valderama, the Spanish Chaplain.
• Magellan planted a cross and name the Philippines
``Archipelago of San Lazaro.
 Magellan in Cebu City
• April 7, 1521 the Spaniards landed on Cebu guided by Raja
Kolambu
• Raja Humabon the king of Cebu refused at first but he was
influenced by his friend Raja kolambu.
• On April 14, Raja Humabon and Magellan made a blood
compact and a mass held on the shore then he place a cross
which still stands at Cebu City today.
• More than 800 Cebuanos were baptized into Christianity and
became the first Filipino Catholics.
 Magellan in Mactan
• There were two king or Raja: Lapulapu and Zula
• At the dawn of April 27, 1521 Magellan invaded Mactan
• The battle was short but very bloody.
• Who killed Magellan?
• As the Spaniards were retreating, Lapulapu’s MEN surrounded
Magellan and killed him.
• Lapulupa was the FIRST Filipino hero, he deserves to live
forever in the pages of our history.
 Spaniards Back Home
• On May 1, 1521 the Spaniards had their last feast with Raja Humabon
after their defeat at Mactan, the Cebuanos attack them and killed the
new commanders Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serano.
• The Trinidad Ship sailed to Mexico but it was caught in Moluccas
• The Victoria ship sailed to Spain with captain Sebastian de Elcano. The
reached San Lucar Spain on Sept. 6, 1522 with 18 survivors only.
• Santiago
• Conception
• San Antonio
 Result of Magellan voyage
•He was he first man who sail around the world and
found out that the world is round.
•Pacific ocean is the largest ocean.
 Other expedition after Magellan
•Laosia expedition
•Cabot expedition
•Saavedra expedition
•Legaspi Expedition
 The Legaspi Expedition
• Miquel Lopez de Legaspi
• Nov. 21, 1564
• Feb. 3, 1565
• In Bohol, made a blood compact wit King Katuna
(Sikatuna) and king Gala (Sigala)
• The blood compact between katuna and Legazpi became
of the famous painting by Juan Luna.
 Cebu became the first Spanish City
•From bohol, Legazpi sailed to Cebu on April 27,
1565
•Under the rule of Raja Tupaz, son of Humabon.
•Lezapi made cebu the first Spanish settlement ,
built a fort, church and the first outpost in Asia.
•1569, Legaspi penetrated Panay-Masbate-albay.
 The battle of Manila in 1870
• Manila was spearheaded by Muslim Kingdom,
• Raha Sulayman-Manila, Lakan Dula in Tondo
• Marshal Martin De Goiti, led 120 Spaniards and 600 visayan.
• The also capture the Panday Pira, a Pampangueno Blacksmith
• June 24, 1571 Legaspi proclaimed Manila as the new Capital of
Colony
• They continue penetrating other places in metro manila but
only Sulu, in Mindanao not surrendered.
 Why the Philippines fell to Spain
•The Filipinos were not reunited
•The Spanish invaders had great commander
•The Spanish invaders have advanced weapon
•Moreover, the early Spanish rulers and priest
treated the Filipinos well and spread the
Christian Religion
 Our country as a colony of Spain
•Colony means our land and people belong to
Spanish monarch
•The Philippines was a colony of Spain for 333 years
(1565-1898)
•Only Muslims (moro) were not conquered by Spain
•The tribes in the highland regions : Ifugao, Igorots
etc. remained independent like the moros.
Under monarchy form of government

The power
of the parish
priest during
Spanish era
 The Spanish Greatest Legacy 1565-1893
• Catholicism
• Hospital and orphanage (San Juan de Dios and San Lazaro
Hospital) the oldest hospital in Asia.
• The dressing of woman: instead sarong robe; saya(skirt)
Camisa(Blouse)
• ``mano po” kissing one’s hand.
• The calendar
• Spanish name for Filipinos: instead of malakas at maganda
only……
• 5,000 Spanish word
like:mesa(table), silla(chair), oras(time), campana(bell)
etc.
• Doctrina Cristiana
-it is the first book printed in the Philippines.
• University of Santo Tomas
- it is the oldest university of the Philippines. Founded in
1611.
• They introduced also the Play: cenaculo and moro-moro,
awit and corridos(religious legendary poems.
•Some writers during this time:
•Francisco Baltazar: Florante at Laura
•Predro Bukaneg: Biag ni Lam-ang
•Jose Palma: who wrote the original lyrics of the
Philippines National Anthem.
•Dr. Jose Rizal: Noli Me tangere and El
filibusterismo
 Spanish influences good characters:
•Christian devotion
•Delicadeza(honor)
•Palabra de honor(keeping secrets)
•Urbanidad (good manners)
•Romanticism
 Bad Traits:

•Manana habit(delaying work)

•Sentimentalism
•Siesta(afternoon nap)
•Senorito Habit (dislike of manual
work)
•aristocracy(snobbishness)
 Economic life under Spain
• New way of land ownership.
• Encomienda system
• Tribute
• Polo or force labor
• Abolition of slavery
• Galleon trade and annual subsidy-
from Mexico
• Introduction of plants
• Introduction of industries
• Economic Society and royal
company
• Scientific survey
• Opening of the Philippines to
world trade and foreign
investment
• Rise of banks(BPI)
 Filipino Revolts against Spain
• Silang’s Revolt (1762-63)
•Dagohoy’s Revolt Diego and Gabriela led a
(1744-1829) famous revolt in Vigan Ilocos
during the British invasion.
it is the longest
Diego was killed by an
revolt in Philippine assassin on May 28, 1763 bur
history. It lasted for 85 Gabriella continued the revolt
years. Gabriella ``Joan of Arc of
the Ilocos” and was executed
on Sept. 10, 1763.
• Pampanga revolt
Reason: the abuses of
Spanish encomenderos(holders
of encomienda). The first
revolt started in 1585.
• Revolts against the tribute
started in Cagayan and
ilocos in 1589. They killed many
Spaniard because of the abuses
of tribute collectors.
• Agrarian revolt (1745-46)
the Filipino landowners
namely: Batangas, Bulacan,
Cavite, and Laguna.
their revolts was due to
the land grabbing by Spaniards
who took over ancestral
domain.
• The religious Revolt of Hermano
Pule (1840-41)
this revolt is seeking for
religious freedom. It was led by
Apolinario de la Cruz popularly
known as ``Hermano Pule” of
Tayabas, Quezon.
He stablish his own religious
sect which is the Confradia de san
Jose(confraternity of st. Joseph)
The Propaganda Movement
and the Katipunan
 The Propaganda Movement
The objective of this movement were to seek reforms and changes
like;
1. To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards
under the law.
2. To make the Philippines a colony of the Spain .
3. To restore Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
4. To Filipinized the parishes.
5. To give the Filipinos freedom of speech of the press, assembly
and for redness of grievances.
 Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
Jose Burgos
Mariano Gomez
Jacinto Zamora
• They inspired the Filipinos to fight harder for reforms and
were accused of treason to Spain.
• Garrote, instrument used during the Spanish era for
execution.
 3 Principal Leaders Of The Propaganda
▪Dr. Jose Rizal
▪Marcelo H. del Pillar
▪Graciano Lopez Jeana
Dr. Jose Rizal
• June 19, 1861, Calamba Laguna
• December 30, 1896
• Pen name: Laong – Laan, EDimasalang
• Noli Me Tangere
• El Fibusterismo
• Mi Ultimo Adios
• A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino Youth)
Macelo H. Del Pilar
• Penname: Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat and Dolores
Manapat
• Born Cupang, San Nicolas, Bulacan on August 30, 1850.
• Second editor of La Solidararidad
• Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of our Country)
• Kaiingat Kayo(Be careful)
• Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes)
 Graciano Lopez Jaena (diego laura)
•The First Editor of La Solidaridad, the great orator and
writer of the Philippines. He wrote 100 speeches.
•Born Dec. 18, 1856, Jaro, Iloilo
•Ang Fray Botod(Friar Botod)content: attacking the
immoral, greedy and ambitious friars in the phil.
•Sa Mga Pilipino..1891. a speech which aimed to improve
the condition of the Filipinos to become free and
progressive.
•Pag-alis sa Buwis sa Pilipinas.
 OTHER PROPAGANDISTS
• Antonio Luna (taga-ilog)
Died at the age of 33 in June 1899. A contributor of La Solidaridad.
Noche Buena (Christmas Eve), La Independencia(Phil. Independence). Rrother of juan
luna(J.B, Luna
• Mariano Ponce (tikbalang, kalipulako and naning)
Became an editor-in-Chief, biographer and researcher of the Propaganda movement.
Most of his works were the values of education. Mga alamt ng Bulacan]
• Pedro paterno (justo magalang)
he was the negotiator of biak na bato and he helped the Malolos Constitutuion.
Ninay, the first filipino novel written in tagalog and The Republica Filipina
• Jose ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)
he is bicolandia’s greatest contributor of the historic reforms, some of his writings: Ang
Lupang Tinubuan(My Native Land), Ang Aking Buhay(My Life)
 Aim of the Katipunan (KKK)
•To unite Filipinos into one solid nation.
•To fight for Philippine independence from Spain.
•The Katipunan prepared the country for an armed
revolution to regain the country’s lost freedom.
 Period of Active Revolution (1896-1898)
• Andres Bonifacio (pag-asa)
He is the Father of Filipino Democracy or other known as Father of
Katipunan. He led in stablishing the KKK against the Spaniards. He is the
great plebeian and Great Supremo. He married to Gregoria de Jesus. Born
in Tondo, Manila on Nov. 30,1896- Shot on May 1897 by Aguinaldo’s men.
Writings: Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa(Love of One’s Native Land
Huling Paalam(Last Farewell) a translation of Mi Ultimo Adios of
Rizal in Tagalog.
And Dapat Mabatid Ng Mga Tagalog (What The Tagalogs Should
Know.
• Emilio Jacinto (Pingkian)
He is the intelligent assistant of Andress Bonifacio in
KKK. He is know as the ``Brain of Katipunan”
Writings: Kartilya ng Katipunan (the prime of Katipunan)
Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness) a collection of
essays about freedom, work, government, love of country.
A La Patria(To My Mother) his masterpiece.
• Apolinario Mabini (bini, paralitico)
He is the Sublime Paralytic and Brain of Revolution.
He is the adviser of Emilio Aguinaldo.
Writings:El Verdaredo Decalogo (The True Decalogue or
Ten Commandments) his masterpiece and his aim: to
propagate the spirit of nationalism.
Sa Bayang Pilipino (To the Filipino Nation)
• Jose Palma(esteban Estenanes, ana-haw, gan hantik)
He became popular because of his hymn (The
Philippine National Anthem) which was set to give music
by Juliane Felipe
He join the revolution against the American together
with Gregorio del Pilar, the youngest Filipino General who
died during the revolution.
• La Libertad (Liberty) edited by Clemente Zulueta(M.Kaun)
The Philippine Revolution (1896-1901)
Spanish Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco declare the state of war in eight
Provinces:
• Manila
• Bulacan
• Pampanga
• Nueva Ecija
• Tarlac
• Laguna
• Cavite
• Batangas
• Many katipuneros and our best heroes were killed during this
revolution:
• The GOM-BUR-ZA
• Dr. Jose Rizal
• December 30, 1896 Rizal shot by a firing squad at the
Bagumbayan (Luneta)
The Presidents of the Philippines
on their Greatest Contributions
 Emelio Aguinaldo (1999-1901
• He is the youngest President.
• At the age of 17, he was elected as Barangay head.
• At the age of 17, became Municipal Mayor of Kawit, Cavite
• He joined the Masonry and Katipunan as Magdalo group.
• He was elected President of the first Revolutionary Government;
elected as the President of Biak-na-Bato Republic and First republic
of the Asia stablished by Asians.
• He was capture in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901 under the
colony of U.S
• He was died at the age of 95, on Feb. 6, 1964.
• Our flag hoisted during the proclamation of independence day
and sewed by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo and
Herbosa de Jesus in Hongkong.
Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1934)
• He became the first President under commonwealth and elected
through national election.
• Known as ``Ama ng Wikang Pambansa” and who approved
Tagala/Filipina as the national language.
• The focus of education during the commonwealth is nationalism.
Jose P. Laurel (1943-1945)
• He faced many controversy during term, his indictment for treason
was suspended later by an amnesty.
• His term known as the ``puppet republic”
• He is behind under the establishment of Lyceum of the Philippines.