1. Ramji Lal Modi Vs. The State of U.

P [1957] The Supreme Court of India upheld a man’s conviction

for publishing a magazine article that maliciously insulted Muslims. Ramji Lal Modi published an
article in Guarakshak, a magazine focused on cow protection, that was deemed to be intentionally
outraging to Muslims and thus, in violation of Section 295a of the Indian Penal Code. The Court ruled
that the restriction to protect the public order from speech intended to outrage and provoke was
constitutionally acceptable.

2. Priya Parameshwaran Pillai v. Union of India and Ors. In this case, Priya, a Greenpeace activist,
wrote in her blog that the environment is degraded by the power project which was set up by the
Essar group. After which a suit of defamation was filed by the Essar group. Priya, in her argument,
contended that the private companies should not be given the right to file a defamation suit against
an individual. But her contention was set aside by the Court, not allowing any more questions and
contentions to be added further.

3. Perumal Murugan v. Government of Tamil Nadu The Madras High Court held that the findings of a
‘Peace Committee’ of a local administration, which had ordered an author to issue an unreserved
apology, were not binding, and that criminal charges should not proceed. The case had come about
because members of a religious community were offended by passages in a book which depicted a
festival as sexually promiscuous. The local administration’s Peace Committee had ordered the author
to issue an unconditional apology and separately, petitions had been brought seeking criminal action
against the author and against the publisher.