2.

Figure out what the assignment is

Lesson 6: Reading a Critical
asking.
Evaluation Paper
3. Read the text you are assigned.
A critical evaluation paper asks the writer to A reaction paper synthesizes the texts,
make an argument about a particular book, which means you take the information
essay, movie, etc. you read and bring it together so you
A critical evaluation essay, or a critique is a can analyze and evaluate.
type of academic and professional writing that 4. Annotate the text as you read
involves forming judgment about a subject by
assessing it based on a set criteria in order to Annotating in the margins of the text
determine its overall value. allows you to easily locate quotations,
plot lines, character development, or
Tips for Critical Analysis: reactions to the text.
1. Tone: formal and academic 5. Question as you read
2. Own opinion This is where your evaluation of the
3. Focus on the subject material and your reaction begins.
4. Good structure
5. Sufficient evidence 6. Freewrite
Freewriting is a great way to start
Components of a Critical Evaluation paper getting your ideas on paper and getting
past that initial writer's block.
1. A well-presented subject
2. Set of acceptable criteria 7. Decide on your angle
3. A definitive claim Think about why the author has written
4. A well-supported claim the article or story. Why did he structure
5. An effective judgment things in this particular way? How does
6. A readable plan this relate to the outside world?

8. Determine your thesis.

How to Write a Reaction Paper?
- A reaction or response paper requires
the writer to analyze a text, then develop
commentary related to it.
- It is a popular academic assignment
because it requires thoughtful reading,
research, and writing.
9. Organize your paper.
Tips on How to Write a Reaction Paper
1. Prewriting and Actively Reading
Understand the purpose of a reaction
paper.
Take all your points, opinions, and
observations, and combine them into
one claim that you will prove. Your
thesis will be one statement that
explains what you will analyze, criticize,
or try to prove about the text. It will force
your reaction paper to remain focused.
Your paper should follow basic essay
format. It needs an introduction, body
paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each
body paragraph should directly support
your thesis.

10. Gather quotations

 You must back up your claims with
evidence from the text
11. Structure your paragraphs
Your paragraphs should always start
with a topic sentence. Then you have to
decide how to structure your paragraph.
You can start with what the author says
and follow that with your reaction. Or
you can start with the author and then
follow with how your reaction contrasts.
Critique is a French word that means “a critical
assessment: (positive, negative, or a mixture of
both). Critiques may have various structures,
but the simplest is a short summary followed
by an evaluation. A critique differs from an
abstract in that it includes the writer’s opinions,
while the abstract does not.
Review Articles
- Review article—an article summarizing the
literature on a topic
- Popularity of review articles with
 Graduate students
 Practitioners
 People changing research areas
- High citation rates of some review articles
and review journals
Lesson 7: Writing a Concept
Paper
- A CONCEPT IS AN IDEA OF WHAT
SOMETHING IS OR HOW IT WORKS.
- A CONCEPT IS SOMETHING
CONCEIVED IN THE MIND OR
THOUGHT
- A CONCEPT IS AN ABSTRACT OR
GENERIC IDEA GENERALIZED FROM
A PARTICULAR INSTANCES.
What is a concept paper?
A concept paper is a kind of essay that
explains, defines, and describes a concept in a
specific field of discipline, which the readers
must be informed about.
A concept can be developed through
explanation by providing examples or
situations.
What is the main purpose of a concept paper?
A concept paper serves primarily to inform and
educate readers of the idea or phenomenon
that is relatively new to them.
WAYS OF EXPLAINING A CONCEPT
1. DEFINITION – is used to provide a basic
information on the concept usually aken from
the reference maerials or he concept’s
proponents.
2. DESCRIPTION – uses vivid details, markes
by way of employing sensory descriptions, to
allow he readers to visualize the subject and
get the document impression of the text.
3. ILLUSTRATION – explains a general idea
by presenting specific exampes.
4. PROCESS ANALYSIS – Shows how to do
something or how something works by
analyzing and presenting the steps in
accomplishing it. m
Components of A concept Paper
1. A focused Explanation
2. A readable plan
3. Appropriate Explanatory strategies
4. Smooth Integration of sources
Formal Sentence Definitions include the term,
class, and distinguishing features.
Term Class Distinguishing
 Features
A bicycle Is a mode of That has two
transportation wheels and is
powered
through the
pedaling
effort of the
rider.
In order to clearly define your concept,
remember these following tips:
1. In formal definitions, avoid using the same
term to be defined.
example: “A cellphone is a phone…”
2. In writing definitions, observe the concept of
mutual exclusivity. Meaning, make sure that
the features of the term do not overlap with
other similar concepts of the same class.
example: “A skateboard is a mode of
transport that has four wheels.
DEFINING A CONCEPT: FORMAL
DEFINITION
Rewrite the following formal definitions to make
them clearer.
1. A guitar is a musical instrument that uses
strings to produce sound.
2. Industrial engineering is a branch of
engineering that deals with processes in the
industry.
3 types of Academic Concept Papers
 Research paper
 Advertising paper
 Grant Project
What is a Project Concept Document?
- is a document represented before the
complete project proposal, to describe
the main idea and objectives of a
project.
What is a Public Service Advocacy Paper?
- A public service advocacy paper is
designed to garner support from readers
regarding a specific belief or cause.
- Advocacy papers could be used as a
call for action or intended to simply raise
awareness on a social issue.
Presenting a Concept Paper
A creative concept is an overarching “Big Idea”
that captures audience interest, influences their
emotional response and inspires them to take
action. It is a unifying theme that can be used
across all campaign messages, calls to action,
communication channels and audiences.
Typically, the creative concept is embodied in a
headline, tagline and a key visual. Successful
creative concepts are distinctive, memorable,
unifying and relevant.
Lesson 8: Writing a Position
Paper
Writing a Position Paper
A position paper is a kind of academic writing
in which the student researches a controversial
issue and writes a paper that explains his/her
stand or viewpoint on it.
A position paper presents an author’s critical
opinion, claim or viewpoint about an issue. It
also aims to persuade the readers to believe in
and take a side, by way of providing arguments
and reasons that support the position. It
presents counterarguments with the position
paper, it is closely related to argumentative
essay, manifestoes, and persuasive essays.
Uses of a Position Paper
 1. To argue, convince, and advocate
reader of a course of action
2. To express one’s idea about an issue
3. To give an explanation to existing
problems
4. To convince that a policy or action must
or must not be adopted with the intent of
improving the organization
Guidelines in making the position paper
 Be careful not to offer a mere
description of the topic.
 The best position paper will be those
that define, analyze and critically
address the issue under investigation.
 You should be mindful whether there is
sufficient material available to write a
position paper that is critically
documented and makes a convincing re
regarding the topic of your choice.
 The writer of the position paper presents
convincing evidence to support his/her
point of view, while addressing and
arguing against the arguments
presented by the opposing side.
 Follow the APA format or style of
documentation.
IMPORTANT ASPECTS
- A claim is a statement not a question
- A claim is against the status quo
- The claim is the focus of the argument
THE 3 CLAIMS
1. Claim of fact
2. Claim of value
3. Claim of policy
Claim of Fact
- Asserts that something has existed,
does exist, or will exist
- Debates weather it is true or false.
- It can be assertion of he past, present or
future.
Example:
 A longer school calendar can
improvee learning
 Cell phones can be education tools
 Reality TV shows promote
stereotyping of individuals.
 Death penalty reduces crime rate in
the Philippines.
 Antismoking ads on cigarette boxes
are effective.
Claim of Value
- Asserts judgement whether it is good or
bad, more or less desirable.
- It is claiming whether somehing is good
or bad, or the other is better than the
other one.
 E-books are beter than printed
books.
 Corporal punishment is not
needed at home.
 Sex Education programs in
school are acceptable
Claim of Policy
- Is something that should or should not
be done
- The key word is the verb “should”, which
implies that some action ought to be
taken, but not that it must or will be
taken.
 Schools should put tracking
devices in students’ ID cards.
 Weapons for self-defense must
be permitted in college campuses
 Abortion should be conducted for
fetuses diagnosed with serious
congenital illnesses.
INDUCTIVE reasoning VS DEDUCTIVE
Reasoning
No matter how unrealistic that sounds,
in many, fields, such as science and law
“proof” simply doesn’t exist; there can
only be facts and evidence that lead you
to certain conclusions.
Inductive reasoning – Someone who uses
INDUCTIVE reasoning makes specific
observations and then draws a general
conclusion.
Deducive reasoning – Is a specific conclusion
follows a general theory.
Lesson 9: Writing a Report
Paper
A report is a document that presents
information in an organized format for a
specific audience and purpose.
2. Survey Report: “2010 Survey on Information
and Communication Technology for
Information Economy: Preliminary Results”
1. Laboratory Report is written to describe and
analyze a laboratory experiment that explores
a scientific concept.
2. Field Reports
a. Survey Report is a document that presents
the information gathered during the survey in
an objective manner.
b. Interview
c. Observation
d. Case Study
IMPORTANCE OF REPORT WRITING
1. DECISION-MAKING TOOL
2. EVALUATION

Although summaries of reports may be 3. PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENTS

delivered orally, complete reports are almost 4. QUICK SOURCE FOR PROBLEM-
always in the form of written documents. SOLVING

Some common reports written in professional Basic Parts and Organization of a Report
workplace:
I. Abstract
1. Periodic Report II. Introduction
2. Sales Report III. Methods
3. Progress Report IV. Results
4. concep Report V. Discussion
5. Budget Report VI. Conclusions/Recommendations
6. Field Report VII. References
7. Feasibility Report VIII. Appendices
8. Evaluation Report
9. Laboratory Report
10. Incident Report

Sample Reports: Types of Survey Questions:

1. Laboratory Report: “Preemptive Effect of 1. Checklist
Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Agents”
2. Yes-No Questions
3. Categories
4. Ranking Scales
5. Likert Scale
6. Open-Ended Questions

Writing a report that presents extensive and

reliable data, organizes and presents data in a
clear and logical manner, and uses intelligent
and reliable sources lead to effective
dissemination of information and to relevant
recommendations about pressing issues or
problems.