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The Lecture Contains:: Reduction of Excitation at The Source Isolation of The Source System Redesign Remedial Measures
The Lecture Contains:: Reduction of Excitation at The Source Isolation of The Source System Redesign Remedial Measures
Control of Vibration
Control of Vibration
Control of vibration or vibration suppression is possible using various passive and active methods
Examples:
Source provides the energy to maintain vibration. sources of vibration could be of several types:
Modify the transmission path of vibration between source and the system to protect the system.
Very often vibration isolators are developed using a combination of springs and dampers. For example,
viscoelastic materials are bonded to metal fasteners and used as anti-vibration mounts or isolators. The
construction of a typical bonded rubber spring for use under compressive loading is shown below.
A large number of methods exist in this group including detuning, decoupling, using additive damping
treatments ( constrained and unconstrained ), stiffeners and massive blocks (as foundation)
Consider the motion of the following single degree of freedom (SDOF) system:
Stiffness controlled
Damping Controlled
Inertia Controlled
Stiffness is a function of elastic moduli ( E, G, K ) and the geometric dimensions depending on the type
of loading and deformation (bending, twisting etc.)
Damping and Loss Factor are generally constant.
Inertia depends on Density and Geometry.
Concrete
(dense) 2.3 × 10 3 27 10 -2
Viscoelastic Materials
Viscoelastic materials: butyl rubber, plasticized polyvinyl acetate, silicon rubber, polyurethane, thiokol
RD etc.
Stiffness and Damping properties for viscoelastic materials are frequency and temperature dependent
due to transition from Glassy to Rubbery Phase.
Thiokol RD:
The loss factor is 2 corresponding
to a critical frequency of 7 Hz at
5 0 C and around 800 Hz at 20 0 C.
Viscoelastic Materials
A qualitative plot of loss coefficient vs, Young's modulus for different classes of materials is shown
here for comparison.
This involves addition of a secondary vibratory system to the original (primary) vibratory system which is
under excitation. Some secondary systems are vibration neutralizer, vibration absorber, tuned, self-
tuned, impact absorbers. This strategy has been successfully used for suppressing vibration in very
small to very large systems.
Examples: electric hair clippers, DC-9 aircraft, tractors, foot bridges, pipelines etc.
Viscoelastic materials are used as additive damping treatments: constrained and unconstrained layers
C. Select the method appropriate for realizing the vibration reduction level identified in step B.
E. Realize in practice (i.e. hardware mechanization of) the analytical design constructed in step D.
Note : Often for a linear system, the analysis of the response helps in determining the nature of the
excitation. As shown here, the response can be analysed either in time domain or in frequency domain.
Step B - Identify suitable response variable and decide on the accepted level of
vibration
Different design manuals/handbooks are available which corresponds to acceptable level of vibration for
specified field of applications. The table below is an excerpt of some of the frequently encountered
applications and corresponding accepted level of vibration.
Total equivalent
Source
acceleration, m/s 2
Hand tools Guideline 5 m/s 2
Impact drill 10 - 110
Rock drill 5 - 13
Rail saw 3-6
Steel plate cutter 4 - 20
Chain saw 2-5
Grinder 1-3
Bench grinder 15
Bolt and nut wrench 5 - 15
Concrete vibrators 5 -20
Vehicles Guideline 1.15 m/s 2
Excavator 1-5
Caterpillar with push plate 1-3
Motor sledge 2-5
Terrain vehicle 3-5
To control vibration effectively one can choose any of the five methods as discussed earlier or a
combination of these methods.
Steps D and E will be discussed from Module 2 onwards. In the next lecture, we will discuss
method (iv) and (v) of vibration control.