LAB REPORT 05 – COMPASS SURVEYING

SHIVAM KUMAR SHUKLA – 180718

KEYWORDS: Prismatic Compass, Chain Survey, Tape, Ranging Rods

ABSTRACT:

The lab report is a brief comprehension about the compass surveying done in the practical exercise. In compass surveying the direction of
line is measured using compass and the length of the line is measured using chain or fiber tape.

1. INTRODUCTION: From To F.B. B.B. Distance/Remark

Traverse
Compass surveying is an important branch of surveying A B 11° 191° 37.45
which is usually adopted to carry out the linear and angular B C 126° 306° 52.80
measurements. Prismatic compass is used for the angular
measurements and chain tape, or fiber tape is used for linear C A 263° 83° 49.90
measurements. The principle of compass surveying is Field Data
Traversing. Collection
C T1 231° 99° BB from point A
2. OBJECTIVE: C T2 247° 102° BB from point A

The objective of this practical exercise is to prepare a map

using compass surveying.

3. THEORY: Checking the error in B.B. and F.B.- The difference of B.B.
and F.B. should be 180°.
The principle of compass survey is traversing, which involves a
series of connected lines. The magnetic bearing of the lines is  |B.B. – F.B.| = 180°
measured by prismatic compass and the distance are measured
by chain. Difference
From To F.B. B.B.
(B.B-F.B.)
4. Equipment needed:
Traverse
Prismatic compass, tape, tripod, ranging poles, pegs or ranging A B 11° 191° 180°
pins, cross staff B C 126 °
306 °
180°

5. Procedure: C A 263° 83° -180°

 Establish a triangle using tape and compass, such that

There is no error in F.B. and B.B. Hence, there is no need for
each side is of length between 50 to 60 m.
any correction.
 Record FB/BB of line AB, BC, CA and apply checks.
 Compute internal angles and apply checks. Now, we will compute internal angles to apply check.
 Plot a few details (tree, building, pole etc.,) by
measuring angles (Intersection method).  ∠A = 191° - 126° = 65°
 Adjust the traverse by graphical method.
Similarly,
6. Adjustments and Centering
∠B = 306° - 263° = 43°
To measure the angle using the prismatic compass the
centering of the compass is done on the ranging pegs.
This is done by falling a piece of stone from the center
of compass vertically downward to check if the stone
hits the peg.

7. Observations, Calculation and Corrections:

∠C = 83° - 11° = 72°

Check of Internal Angles of Triangle,

∑θ = ∠A+∠B+∠C

 ∑θ = 65°+43°+72° = 180°

Thus, error = ∑θ -180° = 0°

Hence, we can adjust the traverse by graphical method.

Adjusting the traverse by graphical method-

 First of all, plot the diagram using measured values as

shown in Figure 1. Further, follow the methods as shown
in figure 2 and 3.

Figure 3

Plotting trees by intersection method–

 Draw lines from A and C at observed bearing angles

and the intersection point will be the location of
object (shown in figure 4).

Figure 1: Dimensions (m)

Figure 2

Figure 4

 Thus, the final map is prepared and shown in Figure

5.
 Figure 5, Scale: 1mm = 1meter

8. CONCLUSION:

The map prepared after the compass surveying is as

shown in figure 5 and is obtained by adjustments in the
errors.