Nama : Fathymah Alhabsyie

No. Stambuk : 10 777 002

Secrets of Tibetan Resistance in Low Oxygen Air

A new study shows the existence of genetic changes that allow the Tibetan people
survive at altitude (low oxygen levels), in which other people will feel dizzy / sick.
In the online edition Preceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an international team has
identified a gene that allows the Tibetan people can live and work in the mainland that altitude is
more than two miles above sea level without the disease due to altitude.
An earlier study published in the May 13, 2010 in Science magazine reported that the
Tibetan people had been genetically adapted to the extreme altitude. Now, less than a month ago,
a second study of Chinese scientists, England, Ireland, and the United States have found the right
one particular position in the human genome, which is a genetic variant associated with low
hemoglobin in the blood that help explain how the Tibetan people cope with low oxygen
conditions.
The study showed a bright spot on the how the Tibetan people, who live in extreme altitudes for
more than 10,000 years, have evolved so differently with meraka ancestors who lived in the
lowlands.
Lower air pressure on the plateau means fewer oxygen molecules per air is absorbed.
"Altitude effect on your mind, your breathing, and your ability to sleep. But the native people
living in extreme altitude does not have this problem, "said co-author Cynthia Beall of Case
Western Reserve University. "They are able to live in a healthy life, and they live in a perfect
and comfortable," said Beall.
The people who live and travel to the highlands of the extreme response to reduced
oxygen levels to make more hemoglobin which is the oxygen carrying component in human
blood. "That's why the athletes to practice in the highlands. They increase their capacity carrying
component of blood, "said Beall.
But too much hemoglobin can be something bad. Excessive hemoglobin is a sign of
chronic mountain disease, an excessive reaction to the altitude which is characterized by dense
and thick blood. Tibetans maintain the condition of low hemoglobin, which is an effort to keep
the not so susceptible to diseases such as non-Tibetan population.
"The Tibetan people can live as high as 13,000 feet without increasing the concentration
of hemoglobin as we see in other people," said Beall.
To show exactly which genetic variants underlines the relatively low level of hemoglobin from
the Tibetan people, the researchers collected blood samples from nearly two hundred villagers in
Tibet who live in regions high in the Himalayas. When the researchers compared the DNA of the
Tibetan people by the people who live in the lowlands in Tiangkok, their results indicate
accurately it turns out they are not the same DNA-that is a gene on kromosum 2 called EPAS1,
which terkadung in the production of red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin in the
blood.
Working separately, researchers from the study that first establish their findings together
in a meeting in March 2009 at the National Evolutianary Synthesis Center in Durham, NC.
"Some of us have examined the entire DNA of the Tibetan people. Others have seen in a small
group of genes. When we share the findings of a sudden we realize that both studies yield similar
results of EPAS1, "said Robbin, pengagas meeting with Beall.
While all humans have the EPAS1 gene, the Tibetans have a special version of the gene.
Through a long evolution process, individuals who inherit the gene type is able to survive and to
reveal to their children, so that this special type of gene into something that already
commonplace in the entire population.
"This is the first human gene which is proof of the existence of genetic selection in
Tibet," said co-author Peter Robbins from Oxford University.
The researchers are still trying to understand how the Tibetans get enough oxygen in his body
tissues albeit at low levels of oxygen in the air and blood flow. Until then, the genetic clues that
tebuka wider seems to be the end of this story. "Maybe there are more signs that could be
identified and explained," said co-author Gianpiero Cavalleri of the Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland.
For those who live near the sea surface height, the findings may one day help predict who
is at highest risk of exposure due to altitude sickness. "Once we find these versions, the tests
could be developed to explain that an individual is sensitive to low oxygen levels," said co-
author of Changqing Zeng, Beijing Institute of Genemics.
"Several patients, young and old, influenced by the level of low oxygen levels in their blood,
perhaps because of lung disease, or there is a problem in the heart. Some people can cope better
than others, "said co-author Hugh Montgomery, of University College London. "Studies like this
is the starting point that helps us understand" why "and develop new treatments." (Erabaru / isw)

Note : This story was adapted from a news release issued by The National Evolutionary
Synthesis Center. (NEScent)

Epoch Times Tuesday, June 29, 2010

Well here it is the factors that may prolong human life on earth:

One, the internal factors: having clarity of heart-clear river water can be drunk all living
beings and can reflect with him; have a positive Thingking with all the life events that happened,
good and bad there must be a wisdom behind it all, always be thankful with what is delegated to
him and trying to preserve things that are positive for themselves and others; work and pray in
every tramp life.

Two, the external factors: the environment is beautiful, clean and friendly. This condition
can only be created by the humans who have the internal factors above, whether he is the leader
or ordinary people, so there is a synergy of both to work together to create, maintain and
preserve the environment is conducive, and it has fixed price.
From experience, rural population living in mountainous and remote areas far from the bustle of
life of city people inhale the modern saying, they are better able to appreciate nature and keep it
for the good of life itself and its people, it turns out they better understand and appreciate the
natural environment of the city people who modern quasi uncultured life is sometimes more than
an animal. Thus nature provides an infinite protection to the public hamlet tsb. Indeed between
Natural Law, Natural and Man are bound to one another. If there are separate between the three,
then the damage. Now the three wise value is what is well understood by the traditional
inhabitants in the interior. So do not be surprised once they are very intimate with all the
inhabitants of the natural environment, so blessed and happy long life it is natural that they can
achieve and feel.