Solution pH approximations vérification

Exemple
Ex: HCl
Ca = 10 -3 mol/L
pH = - log Ca
pH = 3
Ca > 10 - 6,5mol/L  pH < 6,5
=>[OH -] << [H3O+]
Acide fort

Ex: HCl c  c a2  4K e 
pH   log  a  Ca < 10 - 6,5mol/L
Ca = 10 - 8mol/L


2 

Acide fort =>pas d’approximation
pH =6,98
Ex:CH3COOH
1 Si [OH -] << [H3O+] ↔ pH < 6,5
Ca = 10 -1 mol/L pH  (pKa  log ca ) 1° Approx
Ka = 1,8.10 -5 2
Ka/Ca < 10 -2 M -1→ [AH]≈Ca ↔ pH <pKa-1
Acide faible pH =2,88 2° Approx
Ex:CH3COOH
 K  K  4K a C a 
2 Si [OH -] << [H3O+] ↔ pH < 6,5
Ca = 10 -3 mol/L pH   log  a a

 2  1° Approx
Ka = 1,8.10 -5
Acide faible pH =3,9 Ka/Ca > 10 -2 M -1
 Solution pH approximations vérification
Exemple
NaOH pOH = - logCb Cb > 10 - 6,5mol/L
Cb = 10 -3 mol/L pH = pKe+log Cb ↔ pH > 7,5
=>[H3O+] << [OH -]
base forte pH = 11

NaOH  c  c 2  4K  Cb < 10 - 6,5mol/L

pH  pKe  log  b b e

Cb = 10 -8 mol/L  2  Pas d’approximation
base forte
pH =7,02
NH3
1 [H3O+] << [OH -] ↔ pH > 7,5
Ka = 6,3.10 -10 pH  (pKe  pKa  log c b ) 1° Approx
2
Cb = 10 -1 mol/L pH =11,1 Kb/Cb < 10 -2 M -1→ [NH3]≈Cb ↔pH >pKa+1
base faible 2° Approx
NH3
[H3O+] <<[OH -]
Ka = 6,3.10 -10   K  K 2  4K C 
pH  pKe  log  b b b b
 1° Approx ↔ pH > 7,5
Cb = 10 -3 mol/L  2 
base faible pH =10,07 Kb/Cb > 10 -2 M -1
 Solution (exemple) approximations pH vérification

V1 (HCl) + V2(HNO3) C’1+C’2 > 10 - 6,5mol/L

C1 = 2.10 -3 mol/L pH = - log (C’1+C’2)
↓
C2 = 2.10 -2 mol/L [OH -] << [H3O+] V1 = 1L , V2 = 1L
AF + AF pH =1,96

C’1 etC’2 pas très différentes:

V1 (HCl) + V2(CH3COOH) pH imposé par l’acide le plus pH = - log C’1 pH = 3
C1 = 2.10 -3 mol/L fort
C2 = 2.10 -2 mol/L Ou bien
C’1 > 10 - 6,5mol/L  c'  c'2 4K c' 
↓
pKa = 4,75 pH   log  1 1 a 2 
[OH -] << [H3O+]  2 
 
[CH3COO -] << [CH3COOH] ? V1 = 1L , V2 =1L pH <pKa-1
AF+af pH = 2,94 ≈3
V1 (HCl) + V2(CH3COOH) pH de l’acide faible
pH < 6,5
C1 = 2.10 -7 mol/L 1
-2
Si : [OH -] << [H3O+]  pH  (pKa  log c'2 )
C2 = 2.10 mol/L 2
pKa = 4,75 [CH3COO -] << [CH3COOH] ?
V1 = 1L , V2 =1L pH <pKa-1
[AH]≈C’2 pH =3,38
AF + af

3
 Solution(exemple) approximations pH vérification

V1 (NaOH) + V2(KOH) C’1+C’2 > 10 - 6,5mol/L

C1 = 2.10 -3 mol/L pH = pKe + log (C’1+C’2)
↓
C2 = 2.10 -2 mol/L [H3O+] << [OH -]
BF + BF V1 = 1L , V2 =1L
pH =12,04

V1 (NaOH) + V2(NH3) C’1 etC’2 pas très différentes:

C1 = 2.10 -2 mol/L pH imposé par la base forte
C’1 > 10 - 6,5mol/L pH = pKe+ log C’1
C2 = 2.10 -2 mol/L ↓
pKa = 9,2 V1 = 1L , V2 =1L
[H3O+] << [OH -]
pH = 12 pH >pKa+1
[NH4 +] << [NH3] ?
BF + b f

Vb (NH3) + Va(NH4+) C'b

Ca= 2.10 -2 mol/L  pH  pKa  log
C' a
Cb = 6.10 -2 mol/L [OH -] et [H3O+] << C’a ou pH = 9,68 [H3O+] = 10 -9,68 M
pKa = 9,2 C’b [OH -] =10 -4;32 M
Solution tampon << C’a ou C’b