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Asynchronous Machines: Stator: Magnetic Circuit and Polyphased
Asynchronous Machines: Stator: Magnetic Circuit and Polyphased
09/02/2020
Asynchronous machines 1
General principle
Wound rotor machine initially at rest ... g =1 def
g = glissement
slip
Rotation speed
When 3-phase currents of pulsation w flow
in the stator windings they create a rotating w
magnetic flux density with p pairs of poles, q! = (1 - g ) 0 £ g £1
rotating with angular speed w/p.
p
Asynchronous machines 2
General equations
Stator equation For one phase Rotor equation
U1 = E1 + (R1 + j X1 ) I1 E 2 = ( R 2 + j g X 2 ) I2
X1 = Leakage reactance of one stator phase X2 = Leakage reactance of a rotor phase at pulsation w
R1 = Resistance of a stator phase R2 = Resistance of a rotor phase
E1 = - j w k1 Fr E 2 = - j g w k 2 Fr
E2 R ⎛ R ⎞ I
= ( 2 + j X 2 ) I2 E1 = ⎜ n tr2 2 + j n tr2 X 2 ⎟ 2
g g ⎝ g ⎠ n tr
E1 n tr
=
E2 g
€
æ R' ö
E1 = ç 2 + j X'2 ÷ I'2 (b)
è g ø
æ I ö magnetizing current
E1 = j Xµ çç I1 - 2 ÷÷ E1 = j Xµ (I1 - I'2 ) (c) Iµ = I1 - I'2
è n tr ø
Asynchronous machines 4
Equivalent circuit parameters
Short-circuit test g =1
Under reduced voltage at at zero speed (stationnary rotor)
Absorbed power
C=
3 p R '2 2
I '2 ìU1 = constante
C = f (g ) with
avec í
w g îw = constante
E1 U1
with I'2 = » Maximum torque ¹ f(R'2)
2
æ R '2 ö R '22
çç ÷÷ + X'22 2
+ X'22 3 p U12
è g ø g 3p g U12 Cmax =
Cg << = w 2 X'2
w R '2
R '2
g=±
3p g U12 generator notor
at
X'2
C= R '2 2 2 2
w R '2 + g X '2
Nonzero startup
above synchronous speed (g < 0) torque (g = 1)
Zero torque at
synchronous speed (g = 0)
Asynchronous machines 7
Stability zone
dC dC dC dC
=- <0 =- >0
dq! dg dq! dg
Stable Unstable
Asynchronous machines 8
Speed control
Modification of the rotor resistance R'2
Reduction of speed at the cost of efficiency (h < 1–g)
Fixed limit
3p g U12
C= R '2 2
w R '2 + X'22
usually quite small, since R'2 <<
Sartup current
U1
Id =
(R1 + R '2 )2 + (X1 + X'2 )2 very large, should be limited…
Squirrel cage motor Wound rotor ... resistances in series with the
... thanks to reduced voltage rotor winding (progressively
(transformer, electronic converter, removed)
transient star coupling)
Startup torque
increases and
startup current
Startup torque
decreases
divided by 3
Radiator
Asynchronous motor
The machine
• produces electric power (A2M2 £ 0) ;
• absorbs mechanical power (C2M2 £ 0).
Asynchronous generator
Asynchronous machines 13