In LTE system, RRC connection reconfiguration message is used to configure UE measurement

reporting. It replaces the measurement control message used in the UMTS system. The stands
defines 5 intra-system and 2 inter-system measurement reporting events as described below.

LTE Events A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are based upon either RSRP or RSRQ messages. Pls.
refer LTE RSRP vs RSRQ for more details. Inter-system LTE events B1 and B2 are based
upon CPICH RSCP or CPICH Ec/Io for UMTS system, RSSI for GSM and pilot strength for
CDMA2000.

The criteria for triggering and subsequently cancelling each event are evaluated after layer-3
filtering has been applied. The criteria for each event must be satisfied during at least the time to
trigger. The time to trigger can be configured independently fpr each reporting event. The values are
as follows:

{0,40,64,80,100,128,160,256,320,480,512,640,1024,1280}

Layer-3 filtering is applied prior to evaluate whether or not any measurement reporting events have
been triggered.

Fn = (1-a) * Fn-1 + (a * MEASn)

Fn = updated filtered measurement result

Fn-1 = previous filtered measurement result

a = (1/2)k/4 , where k is appropriate filter coefficient

MEASn = latest measurement result received from PHYSICAL layer

Filter coefficient can be configured independently for LTE RSRP, LTE RSRQ, UMTS CPICH
RSCP, UMTS CPICH Ec/Io and GSM RSSI.

LTE Event A1

The LTE Event A1 is triggered when the serving cell becomes better than a threshold. The
event is triggered when the following condition is true:

MEAsserv - Hyst > Threshold

Triggering of the event is subsequently cancelled when the following condition is true:

MEAsserv + Hyst < Threshold

The hysteresis can be configured with a value between 0 and 30 dB.

Event A2
The LTE Event A2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold. The
event is triggered when the following condition is true:

MEAsserv + Hyst < Threshold

Triggering of the event is subsequently cancelled when the following condition is true.

MEAsserv - Hyst > Threshold

The hysteresis can be configured with a value between 0 and 30 dB.

Event A3

The LTE Event A3 is triggered when a neighbouring cell becomes better than the serving cell
by an offset. The offset can be either positive or negative. The event is triggered when the following
condition is true:

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell - Hyst > MEASserv + Oserv,freq + Oserv,cell + Offset

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell + Hyst < MEASserv + Oserv,freq + Oserv,cell + Offset

Event A4

The LTE Event A4 is triggered when a neighbouring cell becomes better than a threshold.
MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell - Hyst > Threshold

Triggering of the event is subsequently cancelled when the following condition is true:

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell + Hyst <Threshold

Event A5

LTE Event A5 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than threshold-1 while a
neighbouring cell becomes better than threshold-2. The event is triggered when both of the
following consitions are true:
MEASserv + Hyst < Threshold-1

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell - Hyst >Threshold-2

Triggering of the event is subsequently cancelled when either of the following conditions are true:

MEASserv - Hyst > Threshold-1

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Oneigh,cell + Hyst <Threshold-2

LTE Event B1

The LTE Event B1 is triggered when a neighbouring inter-system cell becomes better than a
threshold. The event is triggered when the following condition is true:

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq - Hyst > Threshold

Triggering of the event is subsequently cancelled when the following condition is true:

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Hyst < Threshold

Event B2

The LTE Event B2 is triggered when the serving cell becomes worse than threshold-1 while a
neighbouring inter-system cell becomes better than threshold-2. The event is triggered when both of
the following conditions are true:

MEASserv + Hyst < Threshold-1

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq - Hyst > Threshold-2

Triggering of the event is subsequently cancelled when either of the following conditions are true:

MEASserv - Hyst > Threshold-1

MEASneigh + Oneigh,freq + Hyst < Threshold-2

Event A3 is used to trigger intra LTE mobility. Unlike GSM and WCDMA
UE don't perform periodic measurements of neighbor cells. Measurement
based reporting used in LTE to trigger handover. By default, user equipment in the
LTE network detect suitable neighbor cells without the assistance of a list of neighbor cells sent by
the serving RBS. User equipment are expected to blindly detect suitable handover candidates and
the subsequent handover evaluation is undertaken using generic offset values. The exception to this
occurs when specific handover offset values are defined between neighboring cells by the network
operator. When specific cell offset relationships exist, this information is sent to the user equipment
inRRCConnectionReconfiguration messages by the RBS.
The RRCConnectionReconfiguration message can also contain a list of cells for which
handover is not allowed. These cells are identified by their Physical Cell Identity or by a range of
Physical Cell Identities. The user equipment uses parameters sent by the RBS to determine when to
perform handover measurements. Measurements commences on the serving and neighboring cells
when the RSRP of the serving cell falls below the value defined in the sMeasureparameter. The
user equipment detects neighboring cells via intra frequency searches.

Event A3:- Neighbour becomes amount of offset better than serving

First of all the user equipment uses either RSRP or RSRQ measurements to determine whether to
enter the EventA3 condition. ThetriggerQuantityA3 parameter is used to configure whether
RSRP or RSRQ values are used to trigger EventA3. Measurements of RSRP and RSRQ are
performed on the serving and detected neighboring cells. The measured values of RSRP and RSRQ
can then be filtered based upon the settings of the
parameter filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp and filterCoefficientEUtraRsrqparameters.
The filter averages a number of measurements in order to filter out the impact of large scale fast
fading. The user equipment then uses an offset value, a3offset, and a hysteresis
value, hysteresisA3, to determine whether to trigger the EventA3. Non default offset
relationships use the value cellIndividualOffsetEUtran instead of a3offset for the particular
cell relationship.

The formula used by the user equipment for evaluating entry to EventA3 is shown below:

Mn − HysteresisA3 > Ms + a3offset

Where,

Mn = measured value of the neighboring cell (either RSRP or RSRQ)

Ms = measured value of the serving cell (either RSRP or RSRQ)

Once EventA3 is triggered, the user equipment will wait a predetermined time
(timeToTriggerA3) before it commences sending measurement reports to the serving RBS.
These measurement reports contain measurements for the serving cells and up to three detected intra
frequency neighbor cells. The reportQuantityA3 parameter indicates whether RSRP or RSRQ
measurements, or both, are to be included in the measurement reports. Measurement reports are sent
periodically whilst the EventA3 condition is active. The
parameter reportIntervalA3 determines the time interval between measurement reports. The
parameter reportAmountA3 indicates how many reports to send; a value of 0 indicates that the
reports should be sent indefinitely whilst the EventA3 condition is active. The user equipment uses
the same offset and hysteresis values to determine when to leave EventA3 when the serving cell
improves in RSRP or RSRQ relative to the neighboring cells. The formula used by the UE is shown
below:

Mn + HysteresisA3 < Ms + a3offset