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Rejuvenation of Aging Face
Rejuvenation of Aging Face
Christopher A. Perro, MD, FACS
UT Health‐Facial Plastic Surgery
February 2, 2020
Rejuvenation of the Aging Face
• The process of facial aging: what happens to our face and neck as we
age and why
• Full range of options for facial rejuvenation including skin care, skin
resurfacing, dermal fillers, Botox, and surgery
• Detailed discussion about surgical options including facelift,
brow/forehead lift, eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty), neck lift, and chin
implants
• Hair restoration and its role
• Functional problems related to aging of the face like visual field
deficits related to excess upper eyelid skin
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Increase in cosmetic procedures
• Advances in medicine allowing
people to live longer and with
improved quality of life
• Sparks desire to “look as good as
you feel”
• Improved safety of procedures
• Anesthesia is safer than ever before
• Well developed products: implants,
dermal fillers, Botox, etc.
• Emphasis on natural looking results
How do we age?
3 Dimensions of Facial Aging
• 1. Skin Surface Aging
Changes
• 2. Volume Loss
• 3. Drooping/Descent of
Soft Tissues
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What makes a face look youthful or beautiful?
• Vibrant fat pads in the cheeks
• Upside down egg shape
• Few shadows on the face
• Smooth, homogeneous skin
texture and color
• Seeing natural almond shape of
eyes, unobscured
• Facial harmony, balance,
proportion, and symmetry
Shapes
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Skin Changes
• Coarse lines/wrinkles • What happens?
• Static • Loss of collagen support of skin
• Dynamic‐related to chronic • Thinning of skin
tension in muscles of facial • Loss of “bounce back” resiliency of
expression skin
• Fine lines/wrinkles
• Other textural changes • Contributing causes: smoking,
sun exposure, genetics
• Pigment changes‐
• spots, streaks, broken blood
vessels
Treating the Skin
• An ounce of prevention is worth a • Wrinkles: fine lines and textural
pound of cure: SUNSCREEN! changes may respond to topical
therapy
• Botox or other neuromodulators help by
• Good skin care regimen: cleanser, temporarily weakening the muscles
toner, moisturizer responsible for making the deeper skin
lines
• Dermal fillers may also be used to help
• Topical Retinoids: Retin A, etc improve appearance of lines by effacing
shadows
• Skin resurfacing
• Chemical peel: i.e. TCA
• Laser resurfacing: i.e. CO2 laser
• Dermabrasion: not used for full face
resurfacing anymore
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Botox‐what is it, how does it work, and what
can it do for me?
Botox works…
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Volume Loss
• 1. Bony remodeling
• Mechanical forces enacted by muscles on
bone lead to changes in facial skeletal
bone structure
• 2. Soft tissue volume loss
• Fat pad and subcutaneous fat atrophy
• Fat pad descent giving illusion of loss of
volume • Volume loss in one area may cause
• Movement of fat from behind the eye sagging in another area
forward to where it causes bags above
and below the eye
• Both may lead to deepening of
lines/furrows like nasolabial folds‐
promoting aged appearance
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• Bony changes in the supraorbital rim contribute to
apparent volume loss and hollowing of the brow
and upper eyelid
• Loss of facial width in the upper 1/3 of the face
leads to more egg shape of face in age
• Maxilla shortens and soft tissue excess forms
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Lip Augmentation
Pitfalls…
‐Overfilling the body of the lip—Sausage Lips
‐Overfilling upper lip—Duck Lip
‐Not staging lip injections‐too much too fast
‐Not respecting the harmony of the face‐not everyone looks good with Jolie lips
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Addressing Volume Loss
• Dermal Filler Injectables
• Fat Transfer
• Facial Implants
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Dermal Fillers
• Replacement vs Stimulatory Fillers • Juvederm:
• Ultra XC
• Ultra Plus XC
• Temporary vs Permanent vs Semi • Voluma XC
Permanent • Volbella XC
• Restylane
• Viscosity • Lyft
• Silk
• Reversible vs Non‐reversible • Radiesse
• Sculptra
• Intended Depth of Injection
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Fat Transfer/Grafting
• Pros • Cons
• Your own tissue • Less predictable growth
• Living graft • Potential for asymmetries
• Ample supply • Possibly difficult touch‐ups
• Permanent • Permanent
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Facial Implants
• Previously used much more widely
for midface
• Advent of injectable fillers and
desire for more control of volume
deficient area has led to decline in
use for midface
• Chin implants still an excellent
choice for microgenia (small chin)
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Soft Tissue Drooping
• Loss of elasticity in skin
• First sign is often seen in upper eyelid
skin
• Loss of strength of attachments of
skin and deeper soft tissue
structures to bone
• ‐special skin‐to‐bone ligaments that
give support to the soft tissues
• Effects of gravity
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Fighting Gravity: Addressing Drooping Soft
Tissues
• Limited role for fillers to help
suspend soft tissue (liquid facelift)
• Surgery is gold standard
• Eyelid skin drooping:
Blepharoplasty
• Jowls, neck sagging, deep
nasolabial folds, marionette lines:
Facelift/Necklift
• Eyebrow/forehead descent: Brow
Lift
• Ear lobule reduction
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Surgery
• Facelift
• Brow/Forehead Lift
• Blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery)
• Neck Lift
• Chin Implant
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Facelift
• Most definitive way to address the
descent of facial and neck soft
tissues due to aging
• Many different “styles” of facelift
(mommy lift, weekend lift, minilift,
etc), mostly distinguished by
placement of incisions and extent
of dissection
• Best results for facelift occur when
done with neck lift as face and neck
are one unit
• Gold Standard: Deep Plane Facelift
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Neck Lift
• Addresses:
• Sagging of Skin
• Banding of Muscle
• Excess Fat Under the Chin
• Performed by working through
facelift incision and adding small
incision below the chin
• Tightens the loose neck muscle and
skin
• Allows removal of excess fat
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Brow/Forehead Lift: aka “Upper 1/3 Facelift”
• Why address it?
• Improve tired, angry, or “RBF”
expressions
• Improve visual field
• Improve forehead or eye fatigue
• Goals of Brow Lift:
• 1. Elevate brow to youthful level
and “open up” the eyes
• 2. Surgically weaken muscles that
push the brow downward
• 3. Smooth out the forehead
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Blepharoplasty (Upper and Lower Eyelid Surgery)
• Another procedure to rejuvenate
the tired, heavy appearing eyes
• May involve removing:
• Excess skin
• Protruding fat pads
• Thickened muscle
• Results in:
• More youthful and open appearing
eye
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Chin Implant
• Improve facial harmony
• Ease transition to jowls
• Support soft tissues
• Sharpen neck angle
• Make a large/prominent nose
look less so
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Other adjunct or stand‐alone procedures
available
• Kybella
• Microneedling
• Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)
• Growth factors and cytokines
isolated from blood
• Reinjected in area of interest to
promote healing/rejuvenation
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Functional Problems Related to Aging of the
Face
• Visual field obstruction
• Eye fatigue
• While driving, reading, watching tv
• Due to:
• Drooping brow, and/or
• Excessive, droopy eyelid skin
• Workup includes visual field testing in office
• Treatment:
• Brow Lift
• Upper Blepharoplasty
• Often covered by insurance as a medically
necessary procedure
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Hair Restoration
• “Framing the Face”
• By age 35, 2/3 men and women • Medical Therapy
have some degree of appreciable • Rogaine (minoxidil)
hair loss • Propecia (finasteride)
• Low Level Laser Light Therapy
• By age 50, 85% will have hair loss • Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)
• Hair loss and thinning may be • Surgical Therapy: Hair Transplant
associated with aged look beyond • Strip Harvest (Follicular Unit Transfer)
one’s years • Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)
• i.e. NeoGraft, Artas robot, etc.
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In Summary…
• There are many options available
for rejuvenation of the face
• The best approach is to create a
custom plan for the individual
patient that provides the most
natural and sustainable look
• Questions?
• Call me at 903‐747‐4098
• Christopher A. Perro, MD, FACS
• 2210 Three Lakes Pkwy, Ste. 100
• Tyler, TX 75703
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