SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND

CONSTRUCTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Waste Management

Objectives is to understand
a. What is waste
b. Effects of waste
c. Waste management control
d. Waste reduction
e. Program to reduce/control waste
 Waste Management

Raising Awareness through promoting {SEEO,2002}:

Reduce waste at source

Repair before replacement

Reuse rather than discard or procure

Recycle to reduce disposal costs,
especially to landfill
 Waste Management

According to UK Environmental Protection Act

(SEPA, 1990), it is defined as
“any substance which constitutes a scrap
material or an effluent or other surplus
substances arising from the application of any
process” OR
“any substance or article which requires to be
disposed of as being broken, worn out,
contaminated or otherwise spoiled”.
 Waste Management

Redefined under European Community law.

In order for a substance or object to be waste it
must fall into one of the categories as listed:

Be discarded, disposed of or got rid of by the

holder

Be intended to be discarded, disposed of or got
rid of by the holder

Be required to be discarded, disposed of or got
rid of by the holder [DoE, 1994]
 Waste Management
Various categories of waste

Domestic Waste: arising from
domestic property, residential
homes, educational establishments,
hospitals or nursing homes.

Commercial Waste: arising from a business or

trade, or for sport, recreation or entertainment

Industrial Waste: arising from a factory or premises

which provides the public with transport services,
utilities services, postal or telecommunication
services.
 TYPES OF WASTE
Special methods and equipment may be required to
manage wastes which are:

a.General Waste
b.Biological Waste
c.Corrosive
d.Combustible
e.Flammable
f.Oxidizer
g.Poison
h.Toxic
i.Reactive
 Waste Management
Effects of Waste
Collection->Transporting->Processing-> Final
Disposal

In water (ground water, streams,

lakes, river, seas and drinking water)

On land (where soluble or particular compounds

may wash or leach into water courses)

In the air (as vapours, dust or gases which may

settle in water, on land, or dissolve in rainwater)
 Waste Management
Effects of Waste

In water: Pollution in water tables due to leaching.

On land: Landfill gas(methane & carbon dioxide) is

released when the organic content of waste rots.
Methane gas- explosive & dangerous.
Both Methane gas & Carbon dioxide-greenhouse
gases which leads to global warning.

Landfill site will be depleted,

price for disposal will increased

Leads to more legislation being introduced.

 Waste Management
True Cost of Waste

Disposal costs (skip hire, landfill contractor charges, landfill taxes)

Purchase cost of wasted raw material (first quality material being

disposed of through poor segregation policies meaning it cannot be
re-worked in-house and necessitating additional virgin materials)

Production costs for the wasted

material (manufacture, testing,
packaging and disposal)
 Waste Management
True Cost of Waste

Management time spent on waste material and monitoring
costs (managers have legal responsibility for waste through to
final disposal)

Lost revenue for what could have been finished products

instead of waste (excess material brought in and
held on inventory)

Potential liabilities due to waste (requirement for

separate waste streams rather than carrying out
segregation at source)
 Waste Management

Cost of waste is not only the expense associated with

getting rid of it, but also the value of what is disposed
of. Waste is costly to produce in terms of time, effort,
energy, materials and money.

A more accurate definition is thus derived.

Waste is the consumption of resources for activities

which do not add value to the service which the
organization renders to its customer.
 Waste Management

Waste Industry Legislation

Environmental Protection Act 1990

Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994

Special Waste Regulations 1996

Landfill Tax Regulations 1996

Environment Act 1995
Environmental Protection &Management
(Vehicular Emissions) Regulations
Environmental Public Health (Public
Cleansing) Regulations
Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act
 Waste Minimisation

• Waste Minimization

“the measures or techniques that reduce the amount

of wastes generated during industrial production
processes. The term is also applied to recycling and
other efforts to reduce the amount of waste going into
the waste stream” (European Environment Agency)
 Waste Minimisation
Reduction of waste at source
Reduction of total volume or quantity of hazardous
waste
Reduction of toxicity of hazardous waste that is
either generated or subsequently treated, stored or
disposed of.
Prevention of and/ or reduction in the generation of
waste,
Improving the quality of waste generated including
hazardous waste, and encouraging re-use, recycling
and recovery.- (The Institute of Waste Management )
 Waste Minimisation

Reduced demand for landfill

Resource and energy savings

Reduced pollution

Improved production efficiencies

IMPLEMENTATION OF WASTE POLICY

Assist in:
a. reduction on-site waste monitoring, control
& treatment cost
b. reduction on handling, pre treatment,
transportation & off site disposal cost
c. reduction of double payment for resources
in (i) lost product (ii) disposal
d. Reduce administrations, production cost
(includes raw material), energy, utilities
e. Improve safety records due to reduce
handling of hazardous waste.
 Waste Management Technique

Source Reduction – reduction in the amount and/ or

toxicity of materials entering the waste stream prior to
recycling or disposal.

Can be Achieved by:

Using durable, repairable, reusable, and less toxic
produce.
Designing products and packaging to use less materials
Doing a job or providing a service in a way that reduces
or eliminates the need for a product.
 Waste Management Technique
Good Housekeeping – relates to the alteration of
procedures and is one of the simplest ways to reduce
waste generation.

Can be Achieved by introducing :

Employee Training
Management Initiatives
Inventory Control
Waste Stream Segregation
Material Handling Improvements
Spill and Leak Prevention
Planned Preventive Maintenance
Process Documentation
 Waste Management Technique
Process Modifications – can be a feasible and cost-
effective technique for minimizing waste, and includes

Process Changes
Equipment Modifications
Changes to Operational Settings
Process Automation
 Waste Management Technique
Product/ Material Substitution – Substituting a material for
another less hazardous material or one which inherently leads
to less wastage and aid waste minimization efforts. (more
sustainable, more durable, less maintenance, can repaired
more readily & leading to improved waste management
practices)
Initiatives Include :

Packaging- avoid over packaging, transport using re-usable

pallets
Waste Procurement- examine purchasing procedures, revisit
procurement specifications.
Offices- Use less paper memos, use routing slips for
circulating memos
Other Sources – encourage use of china than disposable
crockery, air blowers instead of towels for toilets
 Waste Management Technique
Reuse – using a material, product or compound again in
its current form without breaking it down into its
constituent raw materials.

Offer added value :

Reduced Costs
Reduced Energy
Reduced Resources
Reduced Landfill Space
 Waste Management Technique
Reuse –

Advantages :
Reduced need for manufacturing reduces material use,
energy consumption, packaging, transportation, leading to
improved sustainability.
Reduced disposal needs and therefore landfill charges.
Costs savings passed to the consumer, making
products more affordable and more attractive, generates
more business volume.
New market opportunities altogether.
 Waste Management Technique
Recycling – the conversion of waste back to useful
products.

A waste recycling programme should:

Achieve a reduction in waste through the promotion of
an economic environment which favour the use of
recycled materials.
Seek government assistance to ensure recycling
initiatives are viable.
Promote the separation and recovery of resources as
early as possible.
Promote resources recovery at the point of transfer,
treatment and/or waste disposal.
Ensure organised and controlled waste reclamation.
WASTE MINIMISATION PROGRAMME

Definition:
It is a waste management approach that
focuses on reducing the amount and
toxicity of hazardous waste that is
generated.
WASTE MINIMISATION STRATEGY

The development of an organised and

well managed waste management
strategy is necessary for operations
purposes.
TANGIBLE BENEFITS OF A WASTE
MINIMISATION STRATEGY
Assist the department to:-

•Present a structured and cost argument on the

approach to take.
•Be systematic & logical in presenting and
recording events.
•Consider a number of options and approaches.
•Provide a start point for the development of a
mgmt system appropriate to the business
needs.
•Leads to improvements in competitive through
a structured programme.
Waste Minimisation Programme

Waste minimisation should be viewed

as part of the Total Quality Management
of an Organisation.
 Waste Minimisation Programme

SEPA approached towards the adoption of a

waste minimisation programme.
Waste Minimisation Programme
Waste Minimisation Programme
Waste Minimisation Programme
Waste Minimisation Programme
Waste Minimisation Programme