HYPOTHESIS TESTING

A. THE ONE SAMPLE T TEST

Step 1: State the null hypothesis (Ho) & the alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Ho: The average prelim exam scores of the students is 75. (u =75)

Ha: The average prelim exam scores of the students is not 75. (u ≠ 75)

Step 2: State the level of significance. α= 0.05

Step 3: Provide SPSS Output & Formulate conclusions as well as possible

implications.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Prelim Exam 147 83.891 10.2390 .8445

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 75

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

Prelim Exam 10.528 146 .000 8.8912 7.222 10.560

Since the p-value (sig) = 0.000 is less than 0.05, we will reject the null
hypothesis, Ho.

Therefore, the average prelim exam scores of the students is not 75. In fact, it is
84, which greater than 75.
Example 2:

Step 1: State the null hypothesis (Ho) & the alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Ho: The average prelim exam scores of the students is 85. (u =85)

Ha: The average prelim exam scores of the students is not 85. (u ≠ 85)

Step 2: State the level of significance. α= 0.05

Step 3: Provide SPSS Output & Formulate conclusions as well as possible

implications.

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Prelim Exam 147 83.891 10.2390 .8445

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 85

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Lower Upper

Prelim Exam -1.313 146 .191 -1.1088 -2.778 .560

Since the p-value (sig) = 0.191, which greater than 0.05, we will accept Ho.

Therefore, the average prelim exam scores of the students is 85.

B. THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T TEST/UNCORRELATED SAMPLES.

Step 1: State the null hypothesis (Ho) & the alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Ho. There is no significant difference in the prelim exam performance between

the male & female students. (u1 = u2).

Ha: Thee is a significant difference in the prelim exam performance between the
male & female students. (u1 ≠ u2).

Step 2: State the level of significance. α= 0.05

 Step 3: Provide SPSS Output & Formulate conclusions as well as possible
implications.

Group Statistics

Sex of Students N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Prelim Exam Male 92 84.913 10.3411 1.0781

Female 55 82.182 9.9240 1.3381

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence
Interval of the

Mean Std. Error Difference

F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

Prelim Exam Equal

variances .304 .582 1.573 145 .118 2.7312 1.7364 -.7008 6.1632
assumed

Equal
variances not 1.589 117.484 .115 2.7312 1.7184 -.6719 6.1343
assumed

Since p-value (sig) = 0.118 which is greater than 0.05, this means that we will
accept Ho.

Therefore, there is no significant difference in the prelim exam performance

between the male & female students.
Step 1: State the null hypothesis (Ho) & the alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Ho. There is no significant difference in the midterm exam performance

between the male & female students. (u1 = u2).

Ha: Thee is a significant difference in the midterm exam performance between

the male & female students. (u1 ≠ u2).

Step 2: State the level of significance. α= 0.05

 Step 3: Provide SPSS Output & Formulate conclusions as well as possible
implications.

Group Statistics

Sex of Students N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Midterm Exam Male 92 75.935 12.5731 1.3108

Female 55 74.273 13.0319 1.7572

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence Interval of

Sig. (2- Std. Error the Difference

F Sig. t df tailed) Mean Difference Difference Lower Upper

Midterm Exam Equal

variances .063 .801 .765 145 .445 1.6621 2.1725 -2.6318 5.9559
assumed

Equal
variances
.758 110.513 .450 1.6621 2.1923 -2.6823 6.0064
not
assumed

Since p-value (sig) = 0.445, which is greater than 0.05, we will accepts Ho.

Therefore, there is no significant difference in the midterm exam performance

between the male & female students.
C. DEPENDENT / CORRELATED OR PAIRED SAMPLES

Step 1: State the null hypothesis (Ho) & the alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Ho. Weight before is equal to weight after.(ub = ua).

Diet is not effective in reducing weights.

Ha: Weight before is not equal to weight after. (u1 ≠ u2).

Diet is effective in reducing weights.

Step 2: State the level of significance. α= 0.05

Step 3: Provide SPSS Output & Formulate conclusions as well as possible
implications.

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Pair 1 weight before 182.2500 16 25.01066 6.25267

weight after 177.9375 16 22.54616 5.63654

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

95% Confidence Interval of the

Std. Std. Error Difference

Mean Deviation Mean Lower Upper t df Sig. (2-tailed)

Pair 1 weight
before
- 4.31250 5.09534 1.27384 1.59738 7.02762 3.385 15 .004
weight
after

Since p-value (sig) = 0.004, is less than 0.05, we will reject Ho.

Therefore, weight before is not equal to weight after. In fact, the weights after
are lower. This implies that diet is effective in reducing weights.