^W@MU
UMD\ OMBMJGOGB IGFANMBMB \MNM IMUWU
\GBQMIA^ OGBWKMV 
(@dbdrgd, Uacakas, Embnakdom Miiuoabtm, Ckdur mkfus)

Nasusub Dkgh:
 Bmom : \dpa Odbaim

 Bpo : C<@<=1<<7

Ndsgb \gb`mopu :
Msomraymh, U.U^.O.igf

  \VD@VMO U^WNA N5 IGFANMBMB

CMIWK^MU OM^GOM^AIM NMB AKOW \GB@G^MHWMB MKMO

WBASGVUA^MU FGB@IWKW
6<6=
 

UDM\ MUWHMB IGFANMBMB

‘@DBDVDG‟

Hmra, tmb``m
Hmra, tmb``mkk \gb
\gb`im
`imjam
jamb
b : Juom
Juomt,t, =< Mprak
Mprak 6<6=
6<6=
Pmitu \gb`imjamb : =6.<< PAF
^gopmt \gb`imjamb : \usigsoms ^mbmh \mtmh

M. NM^M UWFJGI^AC
Astra Uumoa
 Bmom : By. V ^b. G
Wsam : 57 tmhub >7 tmhub
Uuiu : Uubnm Uubnm
M`mom : Askmo Askmo
\gbnanaim : UOM UOM
b
\gigrjmmb : AV^ Parmswmstm
Mkmomt : Eaomb``u,
@`.Ogsjan

6. Igkuhmb Wtmom
Afu ogb`mtmimb nmtmb` ig \usigsoms ^mbmh pmtmh ubtui ogograismimb narabym nmb
ab`ab ogb`gtmhua hmsak kmfdrmtdrauo. Afu ogb`gkuh igputahmb fgrwmrbm putah susu m`mi 
igbtmk, fgrfmu ihms nmb `mtmk, nmb smiat pmnm smmt FMI sgjmi usam ighmoakmb 6 oab``u

ymb` kmku.
5. Vawmymt Ighmoakmb Ugimrmb`
Aba ogrupmimb ighmoakmb ignum afu, fgkuo pgrbmh ig`u`urmb.H\H^
ig`u`urmb.H\H^ 66-=<- 6<6<.
^misarmb pgrsmkabmb ogburut Fanmb tmb``mk 61-<0-6<6=. @grmimb jmbab narmsmimb mitac. Afu
sgrab` ogograismimb ighmoakmbbym na fanmb mtmu \usigsoms. Afu rutab ogb`idbsuosa
vatmoab nmb tmfkgt pgbmofmh nmrmh ymb` nafgraimb fanmb.
>. Vawmymt Ighmoakmb nmb \grsmkabmb ymb` kmku.
Mbmi
Mbmi pgrtm
pgrtmom
om km
kmha
harr tm
tmhub
hub 6<<1,
6<<1, us
usam
am ighmo
ighmoak
akmb
mb 53 oab``
oab``u,
u, afu
afu ogb`m
ogb`mkm
kmoa
oa
 pgrnmrmhmb, jgbas pgrsmkabmb UE, natdkdb` dkgh Nditgr, jgbas igkmoab kmia-kmia fgrmt kmhar 

66<<`rmo.
7. Vawmymt
Vawmymt Igsghmtmb
Igsghmtmb Afu nmb
nmb Igkumr`m.
Igkumr`m.
 

Afu nmb igkumr`m tanmi ogoakaia rawmymt pgbymiat sgpgrta hapgrtgbsa, msom, ^FE,
hgpmtatas, HAS/MANU, jmbtub` nmb pgbymiat kmabbym.
3. Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt IF
Afu
Afu ogom
ogomim
imaa Uubt
Uubtai
ai = fu
fukm
kmb
b sg
sgkm
kmom
om 3 tmhu
tmhub
b sgjm
sgjmi
i sgtg
sgtgkm
kmh
h ogkm
ogkmha
hari
rimb
mb mbmi 
mbmi 
 pgrtmombym.

0. Vawmym
Vawmymtt \said
\saidsdsa
sdsamk
mk
Afu ogbaimh pmnm usam 60 tmhub nmb sumoa 53 tmhub. Aba ogrupmimb pgrbaimhmb
 pgrtmom fm`a afu nmb sumoa, kmom pgrbaimhmb 8tmhub. Ummt aba afu tab``mk fgrsmom sumoa
nmb mbmibym.Afu fgrgbembm ab`ab kmhar na Fanmb. \gb`mofakmb igputusmb na igkumr`mbym
mnmkmh sumoa. Afu sunmh ogoakaia F\JU nmb fgrgbembm ubtui ogb``ubmimb F\JU ubtui 
 famym pgrsmkabmbbym.

8. \dkm
\dkm ig`amtm
ig`amtmb
b sghmra
sghmra ― hmra
m. \dkm butrasa : Ug
Ugfgkuo hm
hmoak aaf
fu om
omimb 5x
5x sg
sghmra, sgjmi hm
hmoak aaf
fu om
omimb

>x sghmra ngb`mb ogbu bmsa, aimb/nm`ab`, tgrimnmb` afu

omimb fumh-fumhmb.
 f. \dkm Hanrmsa : Afu oabuo 28 `gkms sghmra sgfgkuo
sgfg kuo nmb sgkmom hmoak.
e. \dkm gkaoabmsa
gkaoabmsa : Ugfgkuo hmoak afu FMI 5->x sghmra, sgkmom hmoak afu
sgrab`FMI 3-0x sghmra. FMF sgfgkuo hmoak nmb sgkmom
hmoak =xsghmra, nmb tanmi mnm igkuhmb.
n. \dkm astarmhmt
astarmhmt : Afu jmrmb` tanur samb`.
g. \dkm Hy`agbg
Hy`agbg : Afu ombna 6x sghmra sgfgkuo nmb sgkmom hmoak.

1. Vawmymt pgb`dfmtmb pmnm igkuhmb aba.

Afu ogb`mtmimb tanmi ogkmiuimb pgb`dfmtmb mpmpub, sgjmi ogrmsm igkuhmb aba.Afu
ogograismimb igtaim igkuhmbbym sunmh tgrmsm ogb``mb``u igsghmramb afu.
=<. Vawmymt sgisumk
Afu ogb`m
ogb`mtm
tmimb
imb hmbym
hmbym ogoa
ogoaka
kaia
ia sm
smtu
tu pmsmb
pmsmb`mb
`mb smjm,
smjm, fg`at
fg`atu
u ju`m
ju`m sumoa
sumoa hmbym
hmbym
ogoakaia smtu pmsmb`mb.

F. NM^M DFJGI^AC
=. Igmnmmb Wouo : Fmai  

6. Igsmnmrmb : Edopdsogbtas
5. Fgrmt fmnmb : 85 i`
 

>. ^gimb
^gimbmb
mb nmrmh
nmrmh : ==</0<
==</0< OoH`
OoH`
7. Bmna
Bmna : 08
08x/
x/og
ogba
bat.
t.
3. Vgspa
Vgsparms
rmsaa : 6<x/o
6<x/ogb
gbat
at..
0. Uuhu
Uuhu : 53,8
53,8ᵖe
ᵖe..
8. Pmjm
Pmjmh
h : ^anmi
^anmi mn
mnmm dgngo
dgngom.
m.

1. Omtm : Idbjub`
Idbjub`tavm
tavm ogrmh
ogrmh ounm,
ounm, sikgrm
sikgrm putah.
putah.
=<. Kghgr : ^anmi mnm pgofgb`imimb
pgofgb`imimb igkgbjmr tardan nmb kaocg.
==. \myunmrm : Uaogtras,
Uaogtras, putab` susu ogbdbjdk
ogbdbjdk nmb fgrsah, tanmi mnm
bygra tgimbnmbtanmi mnm omssm, MUA fgkuo igkumr.
=6. Mfndogb : ^grnmpmt
^grnmpmt kuim fgims dpgrmsa. Kgdpdkn = : tgrmfm
 fdidb`, ^CW 6 jmra mtms pusmt. Kgdpdkn 6 : nafm`amb
imbmb tgrmfm fm`amb-fm`amb igeak, nafm`amb iara tgrmfm
 pub``ub`. Kgdpdkn 5 : fm`amb tgrgbnmh tgrmfm igpmkm,
 fgkuo omsui \M\. NJJ =5<x/ogbat, tgrmtur. Imbnub`
Imbnu b`

igoah idsdb`.
=5. @gbgtmkam
@gbgtmkam :Sukvm vm`abm fgrwmrbm igogrmhmb,
igogrmhmb, tgrnmpmt
tgrnmpmt sgnaiat
 pgb`gkumrmb igputahmb
igp utahmb fgrwmrbm putah susu
s usu m`mi
igbtmk, fgrfmu ihms nmb `mtmk.
=>. Gistrgoatms
Gistrgoatms : ^mb`mb imbmb nmb iara tanmi dgngo, iuiu tmb`mb
tanmi puemt. Imia imbmbnmb iara tanmi mnm vmrasgs,
imia fgb`imi, rgckgx pmtgkkm pdsatac, iuiu imia tanmi puemt.
=7. \gograismmb
\gograismmb pgbubjmb` :
Hmsak \gograismmb Kmfdrmtdrauo :

m. \dka
\dkaod
odrcb
rcbuik
uikgus
gus (\O
(\OB)
B) : pdsat
pdsatac 
ac 
 f. Napkdidiius `rmo Bg`mtac: pdsatac 
p dsatac 

E. MBMKAUM
 By. V 57 tmhub @6\=M< usam ighmoakmb 6> - 67 oab``u, jmbab tub``mk hanup, prgsgbtmsa
igpmkm, igmnmmb afu nmb jmbab fmai, ngb`mb @dbdrrhdg.

N. \GBM^MKMIUMBMMB
\GBM^MKMIUMBMMB
Jmo Ig`amtmb

=6.
=6.<7 PAF
PAF Ogof
Ogofgrgrat
atmh
mhu
u afu
afu hmsa
hmsakk pgo
pgogr
grai
aism
smmb
mb,, fmhw
fmhwmm ymb`
ymb` naig
naigku
kuhi
himb
mb dkgh
dkgh afu
afu
tgrnmpmt omsmkmh ymatu mnmbym fmitgra pmnm oukut rmhao afu.
 

Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`gtmhua igmnmmbbym

=6. <0 PAF
PAF Ogb`mbju
Ogb`mbjurimb
rimb afu ubtui
ubtui rutab
rutab ogogr
ogograism
aismimb
imb nara
nara ig
ig Fanmb
Fanmb mtmu
mtmu Ndit
Nditgr.
gr.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta nmb mimb ogkmiuimbbym
=6.<1 PAF Ogb`mbjurimb afu ubtui rutab ogoabuo tmfkgt pgbmofmh nmrmh 67<
oe` x = sghmra ymb` nafgraimb dkgh Fanmb.

Gvmkumsa : afu ogb`grta

=6.=<PAF
=6.=< PAF Ogb`mjurimb
Ogb`mjurimb afu ubtui astarmhmt
astarmhmt ymb` euiup.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`gra
=6.==
=6.== PAF Ogb`mbju
Ogb`mbjurimb
rimb afu omimb-o
omimb-omimb
mimbmb
mb ymb` fgr`aza
fgr`aza..
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta nmb mimb ogkmiuimbbym
=6.=6 PAF Ogofgraimb pgbnanaimb igsghmtmb tgbtmb` pgrmwmtmb igfgrsahmb nara.
(UM\ tgrkmopar)
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta
=6.=5 PAF Ogofgraimb
Ogofgraimb pgbnanaimb
pgbnanaimb igsghmtmb
igsghmtmb tgbtmb` pgbymiat @dbdrrhdg.
@dbdrrhdg.

(UM\ tgrkmopar)
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta
=6.=>
=6.=> PAF Ogb`mbju
Ogb`mbjurimb
rimb afu ogb``ub
ogb``ubmimb
mimb idbndo
idbndo jaim ab`ab
ab`ab fgrhufu
fgrhufub`mb
b`mb
sgisumk.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta mtms smrmb nmra fanmb
=6.=7 PAF Ogb`mbjurimb
Ogb`mbjurimb afu ubtui idbsuk ig Nditgr ogb`gbma pgbymiat ymb`
namkmoa afu nmb ubtui ogbnmpmtimb dfmt ubtui pgbymiatbym ihusus
ubtui afu hmoak ↖ afu narujui ig VU ubtui idbsuk ig Nditgr Up.D@.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta nmb mimb ogkmiuimbbym

=6.6< PAF Ogb`mbjurimb

Ogb`mbjurimb afu rutab ogoabuo
ogoabuo dfmt ymb` nafgraimb
nafgraimb dkgh Nditgr.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta
=6.66 PAF Ogbjmnwmkimb
Ogbjmnwmkimb iubjub`mb ukmb` =oab``u igounamb,
igounamb, mtmu jaim mnm
igkuhmb.
Gvmkumsa : Afu tmhu impmb mimb iubjub`mb ukmb`

UDM\ UACAKAU
 

Hmra / tmb``mk : Ugbab, =0 Oga 6<6=

^gopmt : \of

\gb`imja : \dpa Odbaim

NM^M UWFJGI^AC

=) Fadnmtm
 Bmom Afu : By. N Bmom Uumoa : ^b. F
Wour : 68 tmhub Wour : 57tmhub
\gbnanaimb : Uom \gbnanaimb : Uom
\gigrjmmb : AV^ \gigrjmmb : Uupar 
M`mom : Askmo M`mom : Askmo
Mkmomt : \mnmb` Hmrmpmb
 
6) Mk
Mkms
msmb
mb Iubj
Iubjub
ub`m
`mb
b
Afu ogb`mtmimb ab`ab ogograismim nmgrmh Sm`abmbym.
5) Igku
Igkuhm
hmb
b Wtm
Wtmo
om
Afu Ogb`gkuh bygra nafm`amb fmwmh vm`abm igtaim smmt fgrhufub`mb sgrtm igkumr 
emarmb ymb` fgrfmu
>) Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt Igsg
Igsghm
hmtm
tmb
b
Igsghmtmb Ugimrmb`
 Afu ogb`mtmimb bygra nafm`amb fmwmh vm`abm igtaim smmt fgrhufub`mb nmb
ogb`gkumrimb emarmb ymb` fgrfmu
Vawmymt igsghmtmb ymb` kmku
 Afu ogb`mtmimb tanmi Ogbngratm pgbymiat ogburub nmb ogbmhub.

Vawmymt Igsghmtmb Igkumr`m

 Afu Ogb`mtmimb nanmkmo mb``dtm igkumr`m tanmi mnm ymb` ogbngratm

ogbngratm pgbymiat
ogbmhub, ogbukmr nmb igturubmb.
7) Va
Vawm
wmymt
ymt Ogbstr
Ogbstrums
umsaa
Ogbmrehg : =5 tmhub
Kmombym : 0 hmra
Fmbymibym : 5 imka `mbta pgofmkut
Uaikus : 68 hmra
Omsmkmh : ^anmi mnm
3) Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt ighmo
ighmoak
akmb
mb
 

Juokmh mbmi : 5
0) Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt Idbtm
Idbtmsg
sgps
psaa
Jgbas Idbtrmsgpsa : Uubtai IF = fukmb
Kmombym : 6 ^mhub
Omsmkmh : ^anmi mnm

8) Igfut
Igfutuhm
uhmbb Ughm
Ughmra
ra-hm
-hmra
ra
m. Butrasa
Omimb
 Bmcsu omimb ogburub
 Crgiugbsa : 5x Ughmra

 Jgbas : Bmsa, Kmui pmui, Umyur 

Oabuo
 Crgiugbsa : 0 `gkms sghmra

 Jgbas : Mar \utah

 f. Gkaoabmsa
FMF
 Crgiugbsa : 6x sghmra

 Idbsastgb : Kubmi 
FMI 
 Crgiugbsa : iurmb` kgfah 3X sghmra

 Idbsastgb : M`mi igiubab`mb

e. \grs
\grsdb
dbmk
mk Hy`ab
y`abgg
 Ombna nmb `dsdi `a`a : 6x sghmra

 Ogbeuea Vmofut : >x sgoab``u

 @mbta pmimamb nmkmo : 6x sghmra

 n. Astarmhmt
d ^anur Omkmo : 8 jmo

d ^anur Uamb` : Imnmb`-imnmb`

g. Hufub`mb \saidsdsamk nmb Uparutumk

 Hufub`mb ngb`mb sumoa nmb igkumr`m : fmai 
 Hufub`mb ngb`mb Omsymrmimt : fmai 


Igymiabmb ^grhmnmp tuhmb : pmtu

 

NM^M DFJGI^AC

=. \g
\gog
ogra
rais
ismm
mmb
b Wouo
Wouo
I / W Afu : Kgoms
Igsmnmrmb : Edopdsogtas
^^S :

^N : =6</=<< ooH`
 B : 88 x/ogbat
\ : 6> x / ogbat
U : 53,7 ̊E
FF : 75 i`
^F : =77 eo
6. \g
\gog
ogra
rais
ismm
mmb
b Casa
Casai 
i 
m. Igpmkm
 Fgbtui : Uaogtras

  Bygra ^gimb : ^anmi mnm

 Nastrafusa rmofut : Ogrmtm

 Dngom : ^anmi mnm

 Igfgrsahmb : euiup

 Vdbtdi : ^anmi mnm

 f. Pmjmh
 Ekdmsom : ^anmi mnm

 \uemt : Am

 dngom : ^anmi mnm

e. Omtm
 Idbjub` ^acm : tanmi mbgoas

 Ugikgrm : ^anmi aitgrai 

n. Hanub`
 Igfgrsahmb : Euiup

 \gb`gkumrmb : ^anmi mnm

 \grmnmb`mb : ^anmi mnm

g. Oukut


Pmrbm : Ogrmh ounm
 

 Igkgofmpmb : Kgofmf

 Imrags `a`a : ^anmi mnm

 Utdomtatas : ^anmi mnm

c. ^gkab`m
 Igfgrsahmb : Euiup

 \gb`gkumrmb : ^anmi mnm

 \grmnmb`mb : ^anmi mnm

`. Kghgr 
 Igkgbjmr tardan : ^anmi mnm

 igkgbjmr Kaocg : ^anmi mnm

 Sgbm Ju`ukmras : ^anmi mnm

h. Nmnm nmb mfndogb
 Fgbtui pmyunmrm : saogtras

 Fgbjdkmb : tanmi mnm

 Igkmabmb Iukat : tanmi mnm

  Bygra tgimb : ^anmi mnm

 Fgims Ue : ^anmi mnm

a. @gbgtmkam

 Kuim Igogrmhmb nmb fmsmh namrgm vm`abm

 j. Gxrmoatms mtms nmb fmwmh

 Vumo na tgkmpmi imia nmb tmb`mb

MBMKAUM

 By N Wour 68 ^mhub ngb`mb Uacakas Idb`gbatm

Idb`gb atm

\GBM^MKMIUMBMMB

=. Ogkmiui
Ogkmiuimb
mb pgbngi
pgbngimtm
mtmb
b tgrmpgu
tgrmpgutai
tai igpmnm
igpmnm pmsagb
pmsagb
Gvmkumsa : \gbyukuhmb tgkmh nafgraimb igpmnm afu
6. Ogofgraimb
Ogofgraimb nuiub`mb
nuiub`mb godsadbmk,
godsadbmk, sparatumk
sparatumk nmb sdsamk igpmnm pmsagb.

Gvmkumsa : Afu ogrmsm kgfah pgremym nmb ymiab ubtui sgofuh

5. Ogb`u
Ogb`uiur
iur tmbn
tmbnm-t
m-tmb
mbnm
nm vatm
vatmkk afu

^n : =6</=<<ooh`, ^gop: 53,7 ̊E,

̊ E, B: 88x/o, VV 96>x/o.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`gtmhua igmnmmbym.
 

>. Ogb`mbj
Ogb`mbjurim
urimb
b pmnm afu ubtui
ubtui edbtr
edbtrdk
dk sgemrm
sgemrm ruta
rutab.
b.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta
7. Ogb`mbjurimb
Ogb`mbjurimb pmnm
pmnm afu ubtui Ogkmiuimb
Ogkmiuimb idodtrmpa
idodtrmpa igpmnm
igpmnm nditgr
nditgr spgsamkas.
spgsamkas.
Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta nmb ogkmiuimbbym
3. Ogb`mbj
Ogb`mbjurim
urimb
b pmnm afu ubtui
ubtui ogb`aiut
ogb`aiutaa smrmb nmra
nmra ndtgr spgsam
spgsamkas
kas

Gvmkumsa : Afu ogb`grta.

0. Ogbym
ymrrmb
mbi
imb igpgpmmnm sum
umo
oa ubt
ubtui turut
rut sgr
sgrtm nmkm
mkmo ogofmb
fmbtu prds
prdsggs
 pgbygofuhmb afu
Gvmkumsa : Uumoa afu samp Wbtui ogofmbtu afu

MUWHMB IGFANMBMB IGUGHM^MB VG\VDNWIUA \MNM

By.‛M‟ NGB@MB IDBNAKDOM

IDBNAKDOM MIWOABM^M
 

\GB@IMJAMB
Hmra/^mb``mk : Vmfu =1 Oga 6<6=
Dkgh : Vgccm Vaziymba Armwmb
 

M.  Nmtm Uufjgitac 

=. Fadnmtm
 Bmom ikagb : By.M Bmom sumoa : ^b.\
Wour : 65 tmhub Wour : 67 tmhub
Uuiu/Fmb`sm : Abndbgsam Uuiu/Fmb`sm : Abndbgsam
M`mom : Askmo M`mom : Askmo
\gbnanaimb : UOM \gbnanaimb : UOM
\gigrjmmb : AV^ \gigrjmmb : Uwmstm
Mkmomt : Jk. Mb``rgi  

6. Igkuhmb Wtmom
Afu ogb`mtmimb mnm fgbjdkmb ymb` fmbymi nanmgrmh mkmt igomkumbbym nmb imnmb`-imnmb`
tgrmsm bygra smmt jmkmb nmb nunui sgrtm igputahmb ymb` fmu nmb `mtmk.

5. Utmtus \grimwabmb
Imwab : Qm, smtu imka ngb`mb sumoa sgimrmb`
Wsam smmt imwab : 6= ^mhub
Kmombym : 6 ^mhub

>. Vawmymt Igfanmbmb

m. Vawmymt ogbstrumsa
Ogbmrehg : => tmhub Pmrbm : Ogrmh tum
Kmombym : 3 hmra Fmu : Ihms
Fmby
Fmbymi
miby
bymm : 6 im
imka
ka `m
`mbt
btaa pg
pgof
ofmk
mkut
ut / hm
hmra
ra Igku
Igkuhm
hmb
b : tanm
tanmi
i mnm
mnm
Uaikus : 68 hmra
^grm
^grmtu
turr / tan
tanmi
mi : ttgr
grmt
mtur 
ur 
Na
Naso
sogb
gbdr
drrh
rhgm
gm : ttan
anmi
mi mnm
mnm
 f. Ckdur mkfus
Fmbymibym : Imnmb`-imnmb` mnm
 

Pmrbm : fgbab`
Fmu/`mtmk : fmu nmb `mtmk
Kmombym : 5-> hmra
Juokmh : sgnaiat

7. Vawmymt ighmoakmb nmb pgrsmkabmb ymb` kmku

Hmoak ^mhub WI \grsmkabmb Bacms Igt
ig- kmhar
Jgbas \gbdkdb` FF/^F JI H/ kmitmsa Omsmkmh
\grsmkabmb O
= 6<=0 mtgro bdromk fanmb   5<<<`r/ Kmia H   QM
QM ^anmi mnm
>1eo
-kmia

3. Vawmymt igkumr`m fgrgbembm

\grbmh aiut IF : Qm
Jgbas idbtrmsgpsa ymb` pgrbmh
 pgrbmh na`ubmimb : subtai 5 fukmb
Kmom pgomimamb : ½ = tmhub ymb` kmku
^gopmt pgkmymbmb IF : Fanmb
Igkuhmb sgkmom pgomimamb : tanmi mnm

0. Vawmymt igsghmtmb
m.  \gbymiat ymb` pgrbmh nangratm
Ogb`mkmoa igputahmb sgjmi 6 fukmb tgrmihar 
 f.  \gbymiat ymb` pgrbmh nangratm igkumr`m
Igkumr`m tanmi mnm ymb` ogb`mkmoa abcgisa ogbukmr sgisumk

8. \dkm Igfamsmmb sghmra-hmra

m. \dkm Butrasa
\dkm Omimb
Crgiugbsa : 5x sghmra

\drsa : = parab` bmsa natmofmh kmui pmui 

Igkuhmb : tanmi mnm

 

\dkm Oabuo
Crgiugbsa : +- 0 `gkms/hmra
Igkuhmb : tanmi mnm

 f. \dkm Gkaoabmsa

FMF FMI  
Crgiugbsa : =x sghmra Crgiugbsa : >-7x/hmra
Idbsastgbsa : Kgofgi wmrbm : Iubab` Jgrbah
Pmrbm : Igedikmtmb Igkuhmb : tanmi mnm
Igkuhmb : tanmi mnm

e. \dkm mitavatms
Afu ogkmiuimb mitacatms afu ruomh tmb``m

n. \dkm astarmhmt
^anur Uamb` : +-= jmo
^anur Omkmo : +-3 jmo

g. \dkm sgisumk
Crgiugbsa : 6x nmkmo sgoab``u
Igkuhmb : tanmi mnm

c. \dkm pgrsdbmk Hy`agbg

Ombna : 6x/hmra
@dsdi `a`a : 6x/hmra
@mbt
@mbtaa pmima
pmimamb
mb nmk
nmkmo
mo : 6x/hm
6x/hmra
ra

F.  Nmtm Dfjgitac 

\gograismmb uouo
Igmnmmb uouo : Fmai  
Igsmnmrmb : Edopds ogbtas
^^S
^N : =6</0<ooh`, B: 8<x/o
 

Uuhu : 53,7˚E
VV : 6<x/obt,
FF : 7> i`
^F : =77 eo

\gograismmb ihusus

Abspgisa
Ouim : ^anmi mnm igkmabmb, tanmi puemt
Omtm : saogtras, idbjub`tavm ogrmh ounm, sikgrm putah
Hanub` : saogtras, tanmi mnm pdkap/fgbjdkmb
Oukut : saogtras, tanmi mnm igkmabmb
Kghgr : ^anmi tmopmi pgofgsmrmb igkgbjmr  
Nmnm : Uaogtras, tanmi mnm igkmabmb

\grut : ^anmi mnm kuim fgims dpgrmsa

@gbgtmk
@gbg tmkam
am : tgrn
tgrnmpm
mpmtt fgbj
fgbjdkm
dkmb
b ymb`
ymb` fmbymi
fmbymi navuk
navukvm
vm ymb
ymb`
` ogb
ogbygr
ygrupm
upmaa jg
jgb``
b``gr
gr mymo
mymo ,
 fgrwmrbm igmfu-mfumb nmb fgrfmu tanmi sgnm
sgnmpp

\mkpmsa
Kghgr : ^anmi tgrmfm pgofgsmrmb igkgbjmr thytdan nmb vgbm ju`ukmras
Igtami : ^anmi tgrmfm pgofgsmrmb igkgbjmr  
\myunmrm : ^anmi tgrmfm omssm
\grut : ^anmi tgrmfm omssm

Musiuktmsa
^anmi tgrngb`mr whggzab`/rdbeha

E. Nmtm \gbubjmb`
KMF : ^anmi nakmiuimb
^gst msmo msgtmt : kgsa fgrufmh wmrbm ogbjmna putah

N. Mbmkasm Nmtm

Nam`bds
Nam`bdsmm : Afu \=
\= M< ngb`mb
ngb`mb idbna
idbnakdo
kdomm miuoab
miuoabmtm
mtm
 

Omsmkmh
Omsmkmh : Afu ogb`mtm
ogb`mtmimb
imb egom
egomss nmb tanmi
tanmi bymomb
bymomb ngb`mb
ngb`mb igmnm
igmnmmbby
mbbymm

G. \gbmtmkmismbmmb
\gbmtmkmismbmmb

=.  Ogbjgkmsimb hmsak pgograismmb pmnm afu

Igmnmmb uouo : Fmai 

Igsmnm
nmrrmb : Edopds ogbta
btas
^^S
^N : =6</0<ooh` VV: 6<x/o
U : 53˚e B: 8<x/o
Abspgisa : \mnm `gbgtmkam tgrnmpmt fgbjdkmb ymb` fmbymi navukvm ymb` ogbygrupma
 jgb``gr mymo , fgrwmrbm igmfu-mfumb
igmfu -mfumb nmb fgrfmu tanmi
tan mi sgnmp.
\mnm pgograismmb pgbubjmb` :
^gst msmo msgtmt: kgsa fgrufmh wmrbm ogbjmna putah
6. Fgra IAG tgbtmb` :
 
m. \gb`grtamb idbnakdom miuoabmtm
Iutak @gbatmkas (Idbnakdom Miuoabmtm) ogrupmimb iutak na nmkmo mtmu na sgigkakab`
vm`abm,
vm`abm, pgbas
pgbas mtmu
mtmu nufur,
nufur, ymb` natukmr
natukmrimb
imb ogkmkua
ogkmkua hufub`mb
hufub`mb sgisumk.
sgisumk. \grtuo
\grtuofuhm
fuhmb
b
 jmrab`mb ymb` fgrsacmt jabmi, supgrcasamk, tgrutmom na nmgrmh `gbatmkam (igkmoab)
\grtuofuhmb bym oukm ― oukm igeak, igounamb egbngrub` fgrigkdopdi nmb ogbymtu
ogofgbtui sumtu fgbjdkmb ymb` fgsmr ymb` ogbygrupma fub`m idk Ysgpgrta jgb``gr mymo
mtmu frdidka_.
 f.  ^mbnm nmb `gjmkm idbnakdom miuoabmtm
Iutak `gbatmkas pmkab` sgrab` tuofuh na pgrouimmb tufuh ymb` hmb`mt nmb kgofmf.

\mnm pram, mrgm ymb` sgrab` tgrigbm mnmkmh ujub` nmb fmtmb` pgbas nmb nafmwmh iukat
ngpmbbym (jaim tanmi nasubmt). \mnm wmbatm, iutak taofuk na vukvm, nabnab` vm`abm, kghgr 
rmhao (sgrvais) nmb iukat na sgigkakab` vm`abm. Iutak `gbatmkas ju`m fasm tgrjmna na nmgrmh
sgigkakab` mbus nmb rgituo, tgrutmom pmnm pram hdodsgisumk nmb wmbatm ymb` ogkmiuimb
hufub`mb sgisumk ogkmkua nufur.
Iutak famsmbym oubeuk nmkmo wmitu =-3 fukmb sgtgkmh tgrabcgisa, naoukma sgfm`ma
 pgofgb`imimb igeak ymb` kgofut, kgofmf, fgrwmrbm ogrmh mtmu pabi. Ogrgim tuofuh
ngb`mb egpmt nmb fasm ogoakaia tmb`ima.
\mnm sumtu nmgrmh sgrab`imka tuofuh fgfgrmpm iutak nmb pgrouimmbbym ymb` imsmr 

ogofgraimb `mofmrmb sgpgrta fub`m idk (fkuoidk).

e.  \gbygfmf idbnakdom miuoabmtm
 

\gbymiat Ogbukmr Ugisumk nasgfmfimb abcgisa varus pmpakdom huomb (S\H) tapg 3
nmb ==.Sarus NBM `dkdb`mb \mpdvmvarus, ymatu: Huomb \mpakkdom Sarus (H\S). H\S
tapg 3 nmb == ogbaofukimb kgsa ngb`mb pgrtuofuhmb (jgb``gr mymo). H\S tapg =3, =8,
nmb 5= ogbaofukimb kgsa ymb` nmtmr (ckmt). H\S tapg =3 nmb =8 sgrab`imka fgrhufub`mb
ngb`mb imrsabdom `gbatmkam (imbigr `mbms pmnm igkmoab). Omsm abiufmsa Idbnakdom

miuoabmtm fgrkmb`sub` mbtmrm =-8 fukmb (rmtm-rmtm 6-5 fukmb). S\H (varus pmpakdom
huombus
huombus)) omsui
omsui ig nmkmo
nmkmo tufuh
tufuh ogkmkua
ogkmkua oairdkgsa
oairdkgsa pmnm iukat, sghab``m
sghab``m idbnakd
idbnakdom
om
miuoabmtm sgrab` taofuk na nmgrmh ymb` ounmh ogb`mkmoa trmuom pmnm smmt hufub`mb
sgisumk. \mnm pram, tgopmt ymb` sgrab` tgrigbm mnmkmh `kmbs pgbas, sukius idrdbmraus,
crgbukuo nmb fmtmb` pgbas, sgnmb` pmnm wmbatm mnmkmh cdurehgttg pdstgradr, vgstafukuo.
n.  Emrm ogb`mtmsa idbnakdom miuoabmtm
Iutak pmnm mkmt igkmoab kumr fasm namb`imt ogkmkua kmsgr, iradtgrmpa
iradtgrmpa (pgofgiumb) mtmu
 pgofgnmhmb ngb`mb faus kdimk.
\gb`dfmtmb iaoamwa, sgpgrta pdndcakuo rgsab mtmu rmeub ymb` naourbaimb mtmu msmo

traikdrdmsgtmt, fasm nadkgsimb kmb`sub` pmnm iutak. ^gtmpa pgb`dfmtmb aba ogogrkuimb
wmitu fgfgrmpm oab``u smopma fgfgrmpm fukmb, fasm ogkuima iukat na sgigkakab`bym nmb
sgrab` `m`mk.
Iutak na urgtrm fasm nadfmta ngb`mb dfmt mbta imbigr sgpgrta tadtgpm mtmu ckdrdurmsak.
\akahmb kmabbym mnmkmh pgb`mb`imtmb iutak nmra urgtrm ogkmkua pgofgnmhmb gbndsidpai.
5.  Ogb`mbjurimb afu ubtui ogbjm`m pgrsdbmk hy`agbg
>.  Ogofgraimb suppdrt ogbtmk pmnm afu
7.  Ogbmbjurimb afu ubtui ogograismimb igmnmmbbym ig nditgr 
3.  Ogb`mbjurimb afu ubtui ogkmiuimb pgograismmb pmp sogmr = tmhub sgimka jaim ogomb`

sgsgdrmb` sunmh pdsatac tgrigbm idbnakdom miuoabmtm sgfmaibym nakmiuimb tgst pmp sogmr.
^gst aba ju`m nambjurimb fm`a wmbatm pmkab` tanmi sgtamp = tmhub sgtgkmh mitac sgemrm sgisumk.

GSMKWMUA
=. Afu ob`grta tgbtmb` pgbjgkmsmb ymb` nafgraimb nmb fgrsgnam ogb`aiuta sgoum mbjurmb ymb`
tgkmh nafgraimb
6. Afu tmopmi tgbmb` nmb fasm ogbgraom igmnmmbbym.
MUWHMB IGFANMBMB IGUGHM^MB VG\VDNWIUA \MNM

Bb.‛K‟ NGB@MB Ckdur mkfus‟

 

Hmra
Hmra/t
/tmb
mb``
``mk
mk : Ugba
Ugbab,
b, =0
=0 oga
oga 6<6=
6<6=
Jmo : =<.<< PAF
^gopmt : VUNU

UWFQGI^AC
=. Angbtatms
 Bmom : Bb. K
Wour : 6= th
Uuiu : jmwm
M`mom : askmo
\gbnanaimb : UOM
\gigrjmmb :-
Mkmomt : Jk. \rmouim =
6. Igkuhmb utmom
Ogbstrumsa tanmi tgrmtur, 6 fukmb tgrmihar tanmi ogbstrumsa nmb tgrnmmt igputahmb ymb`
 fmbymi nmb `mtmk sgjmi
sgjm i fukmb juka.
5. Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt igsg
igsghm
hmtm
tmb
b rgpr
rgprdn
dnui
uisa
sa
Ogbmrehg : =7 th
Uaikus/kmom : tanmi tgrmtur/3-0 hr 
Fmby
Fmbymi
mi/w
/wmr
mrbm
bm : 6-5
6-5 id
idtg
tgi/
i/hr
hr99 wmr
wmrbm
bm ogrm
ogrmh
h
Nyogbdrgm : tanmi  
Ck
Ckdu
durr mkf
mkfus
us : ym
ym (pu
(puta
tah
h imn
imnmb
mb`
` igi
igiub
ubab
ab`m
`mb,
b, `mtm
`mtmk,
k, imnm
imnmb`
b` fmu)
fmu)
H\H^ : 63-=<-6<=>
>. Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt i
igs
gsgh
ghmt
mtmb
mb ym
ymb`
b` km
kmku
ku
\msagb
\msagb tanmi
tanmi ogbngra
ogbngratm
tm pgbymiat
pgbymiat ogbukmr
ogbukmr (^FE,
(^FE, hgpmtat
hgpmtats,
s, HAS/MA
HAS/MANU)
NU),, ogbmhub
ogbmhub nmb
ogburub (H^, NO, jmbtub`).
7. Vawm
Vawmym
ymtt i
igs
gsgh
ghmt
mtmb
mb ig
igku
kumr
mr`m
`m
Nmkmo
Nmkmo igkumr`m
igkumr`m pmsagb
pmsagb tanmi
tanmi mnm ymb` ogbngratm
ogbngratm pgbymiat
pgbymiat ogbukmr
ogbukmr (^FE,
(^FE, hgpmtat
hgpmtats,
s,
HAS/MANU), ogbmhub nmb ogburub (H^, NO, jmbtub`).
3. \dkm
\dkm cub`
cub`sad
sadbmk
bmk igsghm
igsghmtm
tmb
b
- Butrasa
Omimb : 6-5x/hr (bmsa, kmui, smyur, = parab` hmfas)
Oabuo : ½6K/hr (mar putah, sdctnrabi, tgh)
 

- Gkaoabmsa
FMI : ½>-7 x/hr (iubab`, jgrbah, tanmi mnm igkuhmb)
FMF : =x/hr (iubab`, kgofgi, tanmi mnm igkuhmb)
- Mitavatms
\msagb iukamh nmra pm`a smopma samb` natmofmh pgkmjmrmb tmofmhmb smopma sdrg hmra,

nb ogofmbtu ogb`grjmimb pgigrjmmb ruomh.

- Astarmhmt
\msagb tanur oukma jmo 6=.<< PAF smopma <>.<< PAF.
- \grsdbmk hy`agbg
\msagb ombna 6x/hr, `mbta fmju nmb egkmbm nmkmo 6x/hr, igrmoms 6-5x/hr 
0. Va
Vawm
wmymt
ymt psaids
psaidsdsa
dsamk
mk funm
funmym
ym
\msagb fgkuo ogbaimh nmb fgkuo pgrbmh ogkmiuimb hufub`mb sgisumk. Hufub`mb pmsagb
nmb igkumr`m fmai nmb tanmi mnm tmb``mpmb ymb` bg`mtac ogb`gbma pgbymiat pmsagb smmt
aba fmai nmra igkumr`m omupub tgomb iukamhbym. Bmoub pmsagb m`mi egoms ngb`mb

idbnasabym smmt aba.

DFQGI^AC
=. Igmnmm
nmmb uouo : fm
fmaai 
6. Igsmnmrmb : edopdsogbtas
5. ^^S : ^N : ==</0< ooH`9 B : 88x/obt9 VV : 6<x/obt
>. FF/^F : 7< i`/=77eo
7. \g
\gog
ogra
rais
ismm
mmb
b casa
casai
i ih
ihus
usus
us
Mfndogb : tanmi mnm omssm nmb bygra tgimb

@gbgtmkam : tmopmi ckdur

@gbgtmkam ckdur mkfus
mkfus igiubab`mb
igiubab`mb nmb fmbymi 
fmbymi 
3. \g
\gog
ogra
raism
ismmb
mb pgbubj
pgbubjmb`
mb`
Abspgiukd : tmopmi ckdur mkfus
mkfus igiubab`mb
igiubab`mb na kamb` vm`abm, tanmi
tanmi mnm igogrmhmb
igogrmhmb pmnm
 pdrsad

MBMKAUAU
 Bb. K ngb`mb mogbdrgm sgiubngr nmb
n mb ckdur mkfus

\GBM^MKMIUMBMMB

=. Ogbjg
Ogbjgkmkmsim
simb
b hmsak
hmsak pgog
pgogra
raism
ismmb
mb pmnm
pmnm pmsa
pmsagb,
gb,
Gv : pmsagb ogb`gtmhua idbnasabym smmt aba
 

6. Ogkmiui
Ogkmiuimb
mb idkmfdrm
idkmfdrmsa
sa ngb`mb
ngb`mb nditgr
nditgr ubtui
ubtui pgofgramb
pgofgramb tgrmpa
tgrmpa nmb
nmb tabnmimb
tabnmimb sgkmbju
sgkmbjutby
tbym,
m,
mnvas : \\^, swmf vm`abm nmb V^
Gv : Uunmh nakmiuimb
5. Ogkmiui
Ogkmiuimb
mb swmf
swmf vm`abm,
vm`abm, swmf
swmf vm`abm
vm`abm sunmh
sunmh nakmiuim
nakmiuimb
b nmb ogb`mbj
ogb`mbjurim
urimb
b pmsagb
pmsagb ubtui 
ogb`mbtmr fmhmb swmf ig kmf nmb igofmka sgtgkmh mnm hmsak kmf

Gv : \msagb fgrsgnam
>. Ogkmiui
Ogkmiuimb
mb V^
V^ (dkgh
(dkgh \\NU
\\NU df`yb
df`yb),
), hmsak
hmsak : omssm
omssm (-)
Gv : Uunmh nakmiuimb
7. Ogkm
Ogkmiu
iuim
imb
b \\^,
\\^, hms
hmsak
ak F-H
F-HE@
E@ (-)
(-)
Gv : Uunmh nakmiuimb
3. Ogof
Ogofgra
graim
imb
b HG tg
tgbtm
btmb`
b` vukv
vukvmm hy`a
hy`agbg
gbg..
Gv :pmsagb ogb`grta nmb fgrsgnam ogkmiuimb mbjurmb pgtu`ms
0. Ogb`mbju
Ogb`mbjurimb
rimb pmsagb
pmsagb ubtui
ubtui igofmk
igofmkaa idbtrdk
idbtrdk 5 fukmb
fukmb km`a
Gv : pmsagb fgrsgnam idbtrdk