PURWANCHALVI

DYAMANDI
R

SESSI
ON2021-
22

CLASS–I
X

SUBJECT–PHYSI
CS

REFLECTI
ONOFLI
GHT

Refl
ect
ionofli
ghti
sthephenomenonofbounci
ngbackofl
i
ghti
nthesamemedi
um onst
ri
ki
ng
thesur
faceofanyobj
ect
.

Lawsofr
efl
ect
ionar
e:

(i
)Thei
nci
dentr
ay,
ther
efl
ect
edr
ayandt
henor
mal
rayatt
hepoi
ntofi
nci
dence,
li
eint
hesame
pl
ane.

(
ii
)Theangl
eofi
nci
dencei
sequal
tot
heangl
eofr
efl
ect
ion.

REGULARANDI
RREGULARREFLECTI
ON

I
nregul
arr
efl
ect
ion,
li
ghtr
efl
ect
edf
rom asmoot
hsur
facei
nadef
ini
tedi
rect
ion.

I
nirregul
arr
efl
ect
ion,
li
ghtr
efl
ect
edf
rom ar
oughsur
facei
nal
ldi
rect
ionsandnoti
nadef
ini
te
di
recti
on.

TERMSRELATEDTOREFLECTI
ON

Letusconsi
dert
her
efl
ect
ionofl
i
ghtbyapl
anemi
rr
orasshowni
nthedi
agr
am.
I
NCI
DENTRAY

Anyr
ayofl
i
ghtt
hatst
ri
kest
her
efl
ect
ingsur
facei
scal
l
edt
hei
nci
dentr
ay.

POI
NTOFI
NCI
DENCE

Thepointofi
nci
denceisthatpoi
ntatwhi
chli
ghtisi
ncidentonther
efl
ect
ingsur
face.Thati
s,
t
hepointatwhi
chtheinci
dentrayfal
l
sontheref
lect
ingsurface.

NORMAL

Theper
pendi
cul
ardr
awnt
other
efl
ect
ingsur
faceatt
hepoi
ntofi
nci
dencei
scal
l
ednor
mal
.

REFLECTEDRAY

Therayofli
ghtwhi
chi
stur
nedbackafterr
efl
ect
ioni
ntot
hesamemedi
um i
nwhi
cht
hei
nci
dent
l
ighti
strav
ell
ingi
scal
l
edref
lect
edray
.

ANGLEOFI
NCI
DENCE

Theangleofi
nci
dencei
stheangl
emadebyt
hei
nci
dentr
aywi
tht
henor
mal
att
hepoi
ntof
i
ncidence.

ANGLEOFREFLECTI
ON

Theangleofr
efl
ect
ioni
stheangl
emadebyt
her
efl
ect
edr
aywi
tht
henor
mal
att
hepoi
ntof
i
ncidence.

REALANDVI
RTUALI
MAGE

Thei
magef
ormedwhenr
aysofl
i
ghtmeetatapoi
ntaf
terr
efl
ect
ioni
scal
l
edr
eal
image.

Theimagefor
medwhenray
sofl
i
ghtappeart
omeet(
whendi
ver
gingr
aysar
eext
ended)ata
poi
ntiscal
l
edavi
rt
uali
mage.

CHARACTERI
STI
CSOFI
MAGEFORMEDBYPLANEMI
RRORS

Ani
magef
ormedbyapl
anemi
rr
orhast
hef
oll
owi
ngchar
act
eri
sti
cs:

 Vi
rt
ual
ander
ect
.

 Behi
ndt
hemi
rr
or.

 Thesi
zeoft
hei
magei
sequal
tot
hesi
zeoft
heobj
ect
.

 Lat
eral
l
yinv
ert
edi
mage(
imageoft
hel
eftsi
dev
isi
bleont
her
ightsi
de)
.
  Thedi
stanceofthei
magebehi
ndt
hemi
rr
ori
sthesameast
hedi
stanceofanobj
ect
fr
om t
hemi r
ror

LATERALI
NVERSI
ON

Aplanemi r
rorseemstoi
nver
tleftt
orightandnott
optobott
om.Lat
erali
nversi
onisthe
r
eversalofmirr
orimagewher
et heri
ghtsideoft
heobj
ectappear
sonthelef
tsidebehindt
he
mir
ror.

I
MAGEFORMATI
ONBYPAI
RSOFMI
RRORS

For
mul
afornumberofi
magesf
ormedbyt
wopl
anemi
rr
orsi
nci
dentatanangl
eθi
s

n=360/θ

I
fniseven,
thenumberofi
magesi
sn-
1,i
fni
sanoddnumberofi
magesandt
heobj
ecti
s
pl
acedsymmetr
ical
l
y.

FORPARALLELMI
RRORS

I
nfi
nit
eimagesaref
ormedwhent
wopl
anemi
rr
orsar
epl
acedpar
all
elt
oeachot
her
,ir
respect
ive
oft
hedist
ance.

FORPERPENDI
CULARMI
RRORS

Wegetn=360/
90-1=3.Soweget3i
mageswhent
wopl
anemi
rr
orsar
epl
acedatangl
eof
90⁰
.

SPHERI
CALMI
RRORS

Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofspher
ical
mir
ror
s:concav
e,andconv
ex.

Acurvedmir
rori
sami
rr
orwi
thacur
vedr
efl
ect
ingsur
face.Thesur
facemaybeei
therconv
exor
concave.

TERMSRELATEDTOSPHERI
CALMI
RRORS

 Cent
reofcur
vat
ure(
C):
Cent
reoft
hespher
eofwhi
cht
hemi
rr
ori
sapar
t.

 Radi
usofcur
vat
ure(
R):
Radi
usoft
hespher
eofwhi
cht
hemi
rr
ori
sapar
t.

 Pol
e(P)
:Geomet
ri
ccent
reoft
hespher
ical
sur
faceoft
hemi
rr
or.

 Pr
inci
pal
axi
s:St
rai
ghtl
i
nej
oini
ngt
hepol
eoft
hemi
rr
ort
oit
scent
reofcur
vat
ure.

 Focus
Foraconcavemirr
or.Theraystr
avel
i
ngparal
lel
tothepri
nci
palaxi
sofamirr
oraf
terref
lect
ion
passthr
ough(convergeat
)apointFThispoi
ntFisknownasthepri
nci
pal
focusoftheconcave
mirr
or.I
tisareal
pointinf
rontofamirr
or.

Foraconv exmirr
or.Theraystrav
eli
ngparall
eltotheprinci
pal
axisofamir
roraft
err
efl
ecti
on
appeartodiver
gefrom apointFont hepri
nci
pal axi
s.Thispoi
ntFisknownasthepr
inci
pal
focusoftheconvexmi r
ror.I
tisavir
tualpoi
nt,i
.e.,
behindthemir
ror
.

 Focal
lengt
h

Thef
ocal
lengt
h(f
)ist
hedi
stancebet
weent
hel
ensandt
hef
ocal
poi
nt.

 Focal
Plane:

Avert
ical
planepassi
ngthrought
hepr
inci
pal
focusandwhi
chi
sper
pendi
cul
art
othepr
inci
pal
axi
siscal
ledfocalpl
ane.

USESOFCONCAVEMI
RROR

Shav
ingmi
rr
ors.

Doct
or'
sheadmi
rr
ors.

Headl
i
ght
s.

Sol
arf
urnaces

USESOFCONVEXMI
RRORS

I
nsi
debuil
dings.Youmighthav
enoti
cedthatl
argeoffi
cebui
ldi
ngs,stor
es,hospit
als,
andot
her
manyot
herbuildi
ngshaveconvexmi
rror
sinthecorner
s.(
Forsecur
itypurposes)
.

Vehi
clemi
rr
ors.
(Asr
earv
iewmi
rr
or)

St
reetl
i
ghtr
efl
ect
ors.

WORKSHEET7

Quest
ion1

a)St
atet
hel
awsofr
efl
ect
ion.

b)Di
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weenr
egul
arandi
rr
egul
arr
efl
ect
ion.

c)Whatisl
ater
ali
nver
sion?Gi
veexampl
esofEngl
i
shal
phabet
sthatdonotunder
gol
ater
al
i
nver
sion.
d)
Stat
ethechar
act
eri
sti
csofi
magef
ormedbypl
anemi
rr
ors.

Quest
ion2

a)Dr
awRaydi
agr
am f
or

(
i)I
magef
ormat
ionofapoi
ntobj
ectbyapl
anemi
rr
or.

(
ii
)Imagef
ormat
ionbyt
womi
rr
orsper
pendi
cul
art
oeachot
her
.

b)Def
ine

(
i)Pol
e

(
ii
)Focusofaconv
exmi
rr
or

c)Dr
awr
aydi
agr
amsf
orconcav
emi
rr
orwhen

(
i)Obj
ecti
sbey
ondC

(
ii
)Obj
ecti
sbet
weenPandF

d)Dr
awi
magef
ormat
ionbyaconv
exmi
rr
or.

Quest
ion3

a)Expl
ainwhy

(
i)Conv
exmi
rr
ori
susedasr
earv
iewmi
rr
or

(
ii
)Concav
emi
rr
ori
susedi
nsol
arcooker
.

b)St
atet
hemi
rr
orf
ormul
a.

c)St
atet
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenfandR.

d)Obtai
nthev
aluef
ornumberofi
magesf
ormedwhent
womi
rr
orsar
eincl
i
nedat60°t
oeach
other
.

e)Aconcavemir
rorf
ormsav
irt
ual
imageofsi
zet
wicet
hatofanobj
ectpl
acedatadi
stance5
cm f
rom i
t.Fi
nd

(
i)t
hef
ocal
lengt
hoft
hemi
rr
or

(
ii
)posi
ti
onoft
hei
mage.