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Electrical Final Circuits
Electrical Final Circuits
SEQUENCE OF CONTROL.
The type and size of the main switchgear installed will, depend on the type and
the size of the installation and its total maximum load.
Thus, the main switchgear in any installation must be able to:
(a) isolate the complete installation from the supply:
(b) protect the installation against excess current, which may arise in, say, a
short circuit;
(c)cut off the current should a serious earth fault occur, say a live conductor
touching earthed metalwork.
i) Description of equipment at intake point.
The sequence of supply-control equipment in a single-phase installation is
shown in figure 1.00
Switchgear must be fitted as close as possible to the main cutouts and meter,
so that the cables from the meter (the "tails') are as short as possible
The distribution fuse board (DFB) is the item which distributes the electricity to
the various circuits which go to make up the complete electrical installation. In
most DFBs, the circuits are provided with individual fuses, placed in the "live'
conductor; the neutral takes the form of a connector bar or block, thus
maintaining the 'solid' link right through to the service cutouts DFBs are also
available with circuit-fuses for both sides of the supply.
The terms given to the circuits are important. Main cables are those which
carry the total current of the installation, from the cutouts and meters to the
main switch, through to the DFB.
From the DFB are then taken subcircuits or final subcircuits.
Final Subcircuits.
A final sub-circuit is an outgoing circuit from the Distribution Board (DB) or
Consumer Control Unit (CCU) supplying electrical energy to different
apparatus.
Therefor a final sub-circuit is an outgoing circuit connected to a distribution
board or consumer control unit and intended to supply electrical energy to
current using apparatus either directly or through socket outlets or fused spur-
boxes.
A final sub-circuit can range from a pair of 1.0mm2 cables feeding a light, to a
very heavy 3- core cable feeding a large motor from a circuit breaker or switch
at a main switchboard
Different types of final sub-circuits.
There are five important general groups of final sub-circuits.
a) Rating not exceeding 15A
b) Rating exceeding 15A
c) Rated for 13A fused plugs
d) Rated for feeding fluorescent and other discharge-lamp circuits
e) Rated for feeding a motor.
Distribution board
Typical simple single phase wiring diagram with two final sub-circuits from a
distribution board.