Teacher's Book: Jenny Dooley - Virginia Evans

01OnScreen C1 Ts POL Contents.
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Teacher’s Book
Jenny Dooley – Virginia Evans

01OnScreen C1 Ts POL Contents.qxp_01OnScreen C1 Ts POL Contents 12/7/18 11:45 AM Page 2
Published by Express Publishing
Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

Berkshire RG19 6HW, United Kingdom
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
email: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk
www.expresspublishing.co.uk
© Jenny Dooley – Virginia Evans, 2018
Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2018
First published 2018
Made in EU
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of the publishers.
This book is not meant to be changed in any way.
ISBN 978-1-4715-8096-3
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Contents
Introduction to the Teacher .............................................................................................................. p. 4
Module 1 ........................................................................................................................................ p. 8
Module 2 ........................................................................................................................................ p. 25
Module 3 ........................................................................................................................................ p. 42
Module 4 ........................................................................................................................................ p. 60
Module 5 ......................................................................................................................................... p. 77
Module 6 ......................................................................................................................................... p. 96
Module 7 ......................................................................................................................................... p. 116
Module 8 ......................................................................................................................................... p. 135
CLIL/Culture ................................................................................................................................... p. 156
Audioscripts ................................................................................................................................... p. 161
Evaluations .................................................................................................................................... p. 180
Workbook Key ............................................................................................................................... p. 196
Workbook Audioscripts ................................................................................................................ p. 216
Grammar Bank Key ....................................................................................................................... p. 235
Practice Tests Key .......................................................................................................................... p. 243
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Introduction to the Teacher

On Screen C1 is a modular course for learners studying ieBook
British English at CEF Level C1. It allows a flexibility of The ieBook contains all the material in the Student’s Book
approach which makes it suitable for classes of all kinds, and is the Ss’ interactive study partner.
including large or mixed ability classes.
On Screen C1 consists of eight modules. Each module

ELEMENTS OF THE COURSEBOOK
consists of six lessons plus Language Knowledge, Each module begins with a modular spread that contains: a
Language Focus and Progress Check sections. The brief overview of what will be covered in the module,
corresponding module in the Workbook provides the option pictures and words/phrases related to the theme of the
of additional practice. module and exercises to practise the vocabulary presented.
Each module contains the following sections:

COURSE COMPONENTS
Student’s Book – Workbook & Grammar Book Vocabulary
The Student’s Book is the main component of the course. Pictures are employed to introduce Ss to the vocabulary of
Each module is based on a single theme and the topics each module. Vocabulary is practised through various types
covered are of general interest. All modules follow the same of exercises. A particular feature of the book is the teaching
basic structure (see Elements of the Coursebook). of collocations, which helps Ss remember vocabulary items
The Workbook is in full colour and contains modules as parts of set expressions. (See Student’s Book Ex. 7a,
corresponding to those in the Student’s Book containing p. 27). Ss also practise word formation, prepositional
practice in all four language skills. It also contains an IELTS phrases and phrasal verbs.
Practice Section and a Grammar Bank with theory and
exercises. It can be used either in class or for homework Grammar
upon completion of the relevant unit in the Student’s Book. • The grammar structures of each module are presented
through context (See Student’s Book Ex. 1, p. 10).
Teacher’s Book and Test Booklet CD-ROM • Grammar exercises and activities reinforce Ss’
The Teacher’s Book contains Teacher's Notes which understanding of these structures. There is also a
provide step-by-step lesson plans and suggestions about Grammar Reference section at the back of the
how to present the material. This book also includes a Student’s Book that offers more details.
complete Key to the exercises in the Student’s Book &
Workbook & Grammar Book and the audioscripts of the Listening Tasks and Speaking Practice
listening material. The Tests, one per module, are available • Ss can develop their listening skills through a variety
for teachers to use as a formal means of checking their Ss’ of tasks. These tasks employ the vocabulary and
progress. There is also a full key to the Tests, listening tasks grammar practised in each module, in this way
& audioscripts. reinforcing understanding of the language taught in the
module.
Class Audio CDs • Controlled speaking activities have been carefully
The Class Audio CDs contain all the recorded material designed to allow Ss guided practice before leading
which accompanies the course. This includes the them to freer speaking activities.
monologues/dialogues and texts in the Listening and • The sections provide practice in real-life communication.
Reading sections and the material for all listening tasks in Standard expressions and language structures associated
the Workbook & Grammar Book. with realistic situations are extensively practised.
IWB Study Skills

The IWB contains all the material in the Student’s Book, Brief tips, explanations, and reminders at various points
Teacher’s Book and Audio CDs and aims to facilitate throughout each module help Ss develop strategies which
lessons in the classroom. It also contains grammar improve holistic learning skills and enable Ss to become
presentation of all the grammar structures in the Student’s autonomous learners of the English language.
Book as well as video extracts for Ss to further practise their
English and expand their knowledge.
4
Reading texts Grammar Reference section

These texts practise specific reading skills such as This section offers full explanations and review of the
skimming, scanning, intensive reading for specific grammar structures presented throughout the book. It can
purposes, understanding text structure, and so on. The be used both in class and at home to reinforce the grammar
texts are usually exploited in four stages: being taught.
• a warm-up activity to intrigue students
• top-down activities (scanning and reading for gist) Word List & Pronunciation Sections
• bottom-up activities (reading for detailed understanding) A complete Word List contains the new vocabulary
• oral reproduction (Ss outline the main points of the text) presented in each module, listed alphabetically, with a
phonetic transcription of each word and explanation. The
Writing Pronunciation Section familiarises Ss with the phonetic
The writing sections have been carefully designed to ensure transcripts and pronunciation of vowels, consonants,
that Ss systematically develop their writing skills. diphthongs and double letters.
• A model text is presented and thoroughly analysed, and American English – British English Guide
guided practice of the language to be used is provided. An American English – British English Guide outlines and
• The final task is based on the model text and follows highlights differences between the two main international
the detailed plan provided. varieties of English.
• All writing activities are based on realistic types and
styles of writing such as letters, emails, proposals, Irregular Verbs
essays, reports, narrative writing and reviews. This provides students with a quick reference list for verb
forms they might be unsure of at times.
Language Knowledge Section
This section follows every module and reinforces Ss’ SUGGESTED TEACHING TECHNIQUES
understanding of the grammar and vocabulary from the A Presenting new vocabulary
module. It also offers topic related tasks practising open/
Much of the new vocabulary in On Screen C1 is presented
multiple choice cloze texts, word formation and key word
through context. Ss are asked to infer the meaning of
transformations.
unknown words through the context they could appear
in.
Language Focus & Progress Check
These follow every module and reinforce Ss’ understanding of Further techniques that you may use to introduce new
the topics, vocabulary and structures that have been presented. vocabulary include:
• Miming. Mime the word you want to introduce. For
The material has been designed to help Ss learn new instance, to present the verb sing, pretend you are
language in the context of what they have already mastered, singing and ask Ss to guess the meaning of the word.
rather than in isolation. In the Progress Check sections, a • Synonyms, opposites, paraphrasing and giving
grading scheme allows Ss to evaluate their progress and definitions. Examples:
identify their weaknesses. The objectives of the module and – present the word straightforward by giving a
the Ss’ achievements are clearly stated at the end of each synonym: “honest”.
Progress Check section. – present the word broke by giving its opposite:
“wealthy”.
CLIL/Culture Spot sections – present the word weekend by paraphrasing it:
“Saturday and Sunday”.
• Each CLIL section enables Ss to link the themes of a
– present the word famous by giving its definition:
module to a subject from their school curriculum, thus
“very well-known (person or thing)”.
helping them contextualise the language they have
• Example. Examples place vocabulary into context and
learned by relating it to their own personal frame of
consequently make understanding easier. For instance,
reference. Lively and creative tasks stimulate Ss and
introduce the words city and town by referring to a city
allow them to consolidate the language they have learnt
and a town in the Ss’ country: “Rome is a city, but
throughout the module.
Parma is a town.”
• In each Culture Spot, Ss are provided with cultural
information and read about aspects of English speaking
countries that are thematically linked to a module. Ss are
given the chance to process the information they have
learnt and compare it to the culture of their own country.
5
• Sketching. Draw a simple sketch of the word or words • Reading for detail. Ask Ss to read for specific
you want to explain on the board. For instance: information. (See Student’s Book, Module 2, p. 25,
Ex. 3. Ss will have to read to the text in order to do the
tasks. They are looking for specific details in the text
tall and not for general information.)
short
D Speaking
• Speaking activities are initially controlled, allowing for
guided practice. (See Student’s Book, Module 1, p. 13,
Ex. 2 where Ss use the same structures to ask for and
• Flashcards. Flashcards made out of magazine or
give personal information.)
newspaper pictures, photographs, ready-made
• Ss are then led to free speaking activities. (See
drawings and any other visual material may also serve
Student’s Book, Module 2, p. 31, Ex. 5 where Ss are
as vocabulary teaching tools.
asked to compare and speculate on pictures provided
• Use of L1. In a monolingual class, you may explain
with the necessary lexical items and structures.)
vocabulary in the Ss’ native language. This method,
though, should be employed in moderation.
E Writing
• Use of Dictionary. In a multilingual class, Ss may
occasionally refer to a bilingual dictionary. All writing tasks in On Screen C1 have been carefully
designed to closely guide Ss to produce a successful piece
The choice of technique depends on the type of word or of writing.
expression. For example, you may find it easier to describe
an action verb through miming than through a synonym or • Always read the rubric and model text provided and
definition. deal with the tasks that follow in detail. Ss will then
have acquired the necessary language to deal with the
Note: Check these words sections can be treated as final writing task. (See Student’s Book, Module 1,
follows: Go through the list of words after Ss have read pp. 14-17.)
the text and ask Ss to explain the words using the • Make sure that Ss understand that they are writing for
context they appear in. Ss can give examples, a purpose. Go through the writing task in detail so that
mime/draw the meaning or look up the meaning in their Ss are fully aware of why they are writing and who they
dictionaries. are writing to. (See Student’s Book, Module 1, p. 17,
Ex. 5a. Ss are asked to write an informal email.)
• Make sure Ss follow the detailed plan they are provided
B Choral and individual repetition with. (See Student’s Book, Module 1, p. 14.)
Repetition will ensure that Ss are thoroughly familiar with the • It would be well-advised to actually complete the task
sound and pronunciation of the lexical items and structures orally in class before assigning it as written homework.
being taught and confident in their ability to reproduce Ss will then feel more confident about producing a
them. complete piece of writing on their own.
Always ask Ss to repeat chorally before you ask them to
repeat individually. Repeating chorally will help Ss feel F Assigning homework
confident enough to then perform the task on their own. Commonly assigned tasks include:
Copy – Ss copy an assigned extract;
C Listening and Reading Dictation – Ss learn the spelling of particular words without
You may ask Ss to read and listen for a variety of purposes: memorising the text in which they appear;
• Listening for detail. Ss listen for specific information Vocabulary – Ss memorise the meaning of words and
after they have listened for gist. (See Student’s Book, phrases or use the new words in sentences of their own;
Module 6, p. 102, Ex. 2d) Reading Aloud – Assisted by the ieBook, Ss practice at
• Listening and reading for gist. Ask Ss to read or listen home in preparation for reading aloud in class;
to get the gist of the dialogue or text being dealt with. Writing – After thorough preparation in class, Ss are asked
(See Student’s Book, Module 1, p. 12, Ex. 4. Tell Ss to produce a complete piece of writing.
that in order to complete this task successfully, they do
not need to understand every single detail in the text.) Note: When assigning writing tasks, prepare Ss as well as
possible in advance. This will help them avoid errors and get
maximum benefit from the task.
6
G Correcting students’ work I Using the ieBook for pronunciation and

All learners make errors – it is part of the learning process. intonation practice
The way you deal with errors depends on what the Ss are Dialogues, texts and Pronunciation sections are included in
doing. the ieBook. Ss have the chance to listen to these recordings
at home as many times as they want to improve their
• Oral accuracy work: pronunciation and intonation.
Correct Ss on the spot, either by providing the correct
answer and allowing them to repeat, or by indicating the • S listens to the recording and follows the lines.
error but allowing Ss to correct it. Alternatively, indicate • S listens to the recording with pauses after every
the error and ask other Ss to provide the answer. sentence/exchange. S repeats as many times as
• Oral fluency work: needed, trying to imitate the speaker’s pronunciation
Allow Ss to finish the task without interrupting, but and intonation.
make a note of the errors made and correct them • S listens to the recording again. S reads aloud.
afterwards. • All listening tasks in the Workbook are also included in
• Written work: the ieBook.
Do not over-correct; focus on errors that are directly
relevant to the point of the exercise. When giving J Using L1 in class
feedback, you may write the most common errors on Use L1 in moderation and only when necessary.
the board and get the class to attempt to correct them.
ABBREVIATIONS
Remember that rewarding work and praising Ss is of great Abbreviations used in the Student’s Book and Teacher’s
importance. Post good written work on a display board in
your classroom or school, or give “reward” stickers. Praise T Teacher p(p). Page(s)
effort as well as success. S(s) Student(s) e.g. For example
HW Homework i.e. That is
H Class organisation
L1 Students’ native etc. Et cetera
• Open pairs
language sb Somebody
The class focuses its attention on two Ss doing the set
Ex(s). Exercise(s) sth Something
task together. Use this technique when you want your
Ss to offer an example of how a task is done. (See Ex. 3
on p. 67 of the Student’s Book.)
• Closed pairs
Pairs of Ss work together on a task or activity while you
move around offering assistance and suggestions.
Explain the task clearly before beginning closed
pairwork. (See Ex. 3 on p. 31 of the Student’s Book)
• Stages of pairwork
– Put Ss in pairs.
– Explain the task and set a time limit.
– Rehearse the task in open pairs.
– In closed pairs, get Ss to do the task.
– Go around the class and help Ss.
– Open pairs report back to the class.
• Group work
Groups of three or more Ss work together on a task or
activity. Class projects or role play are most easily
done in groups. Again, give Ss a solid understanding of
the task in advance.
• Rolling questions
Ask Ss one after the other to ask and answer questions
based on the texts.
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Module 1 Who we are

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of relationships, 1d Listening skills 12
family life, personality and qualities.
Lesson Objectives: to prepare for a listening task, to listen
Module page 5 for gist
Vocabulary: from scripts (overwhelmed, go to great lengths,
Lesson Objectives: to give an overview of the module, to
bash, rapport, extended family, get hitched, devastated,
introduce key vocabulary for family life
coincide, right as rain, cry the house down, put a spanner in
Vocabulary: our favourite families; phrases (sibling jealousy,
the works, run oneself ragged, choked up)
single mother, great grandchildren); nouns (nephew,
guardian, widow) 1e Speaking skills 13
1a Reading 6-7 Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
for asking for and giving personal information, to act out a
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for general
dialogue asking for and giving personal information, to
comprehension paying attention to how a text is structured
answer questions about oneself
and developed, to answer comprehension questions based
on a text, to write a blog entry on how siblings can get along 1f Writing 14-17
despite their differences
Vocabulary: nouns (gene pool, geneticist, heritage, Lesson Objectives: to analyse a rubric, to compare models,
preconception, race, slavery, solidarity, stare, tumbling, to recognise appropriate style in informal letters/ emails, to
flipside, offspring); adjectives (age-old, gregarious, identical, put paragraphs in the correct order, to identify synonymous
wrinkly, evident, straightforward, irrelevant); phrases (genetic phrases, to complete spidergrams, to write an informal email
mix, let alone); phrasal verb (mark sb out); verbs (be picked giving your opinion and making suggestions
on, suspect, pitch in)
Language Knowledge 1 18-19
1b Vocabulary 8-9 Lesson Objectives: to prepare for and practise multiple-
Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to choice cloze, to consolidate vocabulary and grammar
family, friends & relationships, personality & qualities, to structures
learn idioms related to relationship, to learn prepositions, to
learn phrasal verbs, to practise word formation Language Focus 1 20
Vocabulary: family, friends & relationships (line of descent, Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
gene pool, physical trait, cultural heritage, new generation); on feelings & personality, to learn idioms describing feelings,
relationship adjectives (supportive, distant, caring, close, to practise word formation
tight-knit, tense, damaged, productive, hostile, Vocabulary: feelings & Personality (blunt, brash,
dysfunctional, hollow, fake, dishonest, genuine, insincere, presumptuous, argumentative, sulky, withdrawn, resentful,
weak, firm, solid, stable, strong); personality & qualities wretched, overjoyed, jubilant, content, gleeful); idioms (be
(timid, dependable, sympathetic, laid-back, affectionate, over the moon, be down in the dumps, hit rock bottom, be
tolerant, opinionated, considerate, unemotional, thoughtless, happy go lucky, have a face like thunder)
narrow-minded, bold, uncompassionate, highly-strung,
unreliable, open-minded, self-confident, aggressive, Progress Check 1 21-22
headstrong, lively, dominant, submissive); Idioms (tell sb’s
side of the story, fight like cat and dog, get on like a house Lesson Objectives: to read for general comprehension
on fire, be the centre of attention, be set in your ways); paying attention to how a text is structured and developed,
phrasal verbs (stand up for, fall out, let sb down, mess up, to listen for gist, to consolidate vocabulary & grammar
break up) structures from the module, to revise speaking skills, to write
an email giving advice
1c Grammar in use 10-11
Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise present tenses, to
revise/practise past tenses, to revise/practise comparisons,
to practise key word transformations
8
1 Module
Module Objectives Suggested Answer Key
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Who we are The family member that I feel closest to is my older
and ask Ss to suggest what they think the module will be brother Jason. He is laid-back and funny. Even though
about. (The module is about relationships, family life, and we fight sometimes, he is somebody that would always
people’s personalities and qualities.) Go through the stand up for me if I had a problem. Because our ages
objectives list to stimulate Ss’ interest in the module. are close, I feel like he understands me better than my
parents do sometimes.
1 To introduce new vocabulary

Words of wisdom
• Direct Ss’ attention to the texts A-D and the words
• Direct Ss’ attention to the quotation and ask Ss to
in the list and give Ss time to use the words to
discuss what it means with a partner and/or give
complete the sentences.
their opinion on it.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class and explain/
• Ask various Ss to tell the class.
elicit the meaning of any unknown words.
Suggested Answer Key
Answer Key
This is an important quote which highlights how crucial
1 sibling 3 guardian 5 widow
families are to society. It draws attention to the fact that
2 nephew 4 single 6 great
families play an important role in understanding our
past as well as shaping who we will be in the future.
2 To match quotes to the characters
• Ask Ss to read the quotes and match them to the
•
characters from the texts. Remind Ss that they can
use the information from the texts to help them.
Check Ss’ answers.
1a Reading
1 To introduce key vocabulary and practise it
Answer Key
in context
1 D 2 A 3 C 4 B
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit the meanings of
3 To listen for specific information any unknown words.
• Play the recording. Ss listen and note down what
Answer Key
each speaker values.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. 1 inherited 4 prejudice
2 academic 5 gregarious
Answer Key 3 spitting 6 threatened
Speaker 1 values the feeling that she can be herself
with her granddad. 2 To read for specific information
Speaker 2 values being able to talk through
• Give Ss time to read through the sentences in Ex. 1
disagreements with her mother.
again and then read the article and do the task.
Speaker 3 values being close to her sister because she • Check Ss’ answers.
has someone to talk to in difficult times.
Answer Key
Speaker 4 values her aunt’s life experience and
wisdom. 1 Daniel 3 James 5 James
2 James 4 Daniel 6 Daniel
4 To practise new vocabulary by talking

about family 3 To read for general comprehension
(missing paragraphs)
• Give Ss time to answer the questions in pairs.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. • Read out the Study Skills box.
• Ask Ss to read the text, paying attention to
discourse markers as well as general meaning, and
fill the gaps with the missing paragraphs.
9
Module 1
• Remind Ss to read through the whole text again preconception (n): the idea you have before learning
when they have completed the task to check that it the facts
makes sense. race (n): a human group with the same features
• Check Ss’ answers around the class and elicit
which words helped them to decide on their 4 a) To consolidate vocabulary through
answers. synonyms
Answer Key • Explain the task.
1 G (Daniel is pale and wrinkly, i.e. light-skinned – • Give Ss time to check the words in their
the heritage of the twins’ father – Errol is dictionaries and match the synonyms. Then ask
Jamaican) Ss to identify the parts of speech.
2 A (Most Caribbean people have European DNA, • Check Ss’ answers.
the child must have inherited more of the
Answer Key
father’s European DNA – one dark – and one
pale-skinned child, one dark-skinned and one offspring: children – noun
light-skinned twin) pitch in: help out – phrasal verb
3 F (people used to say “is that a friend you brought flipside: opposite – noun
along?”, got used to the … comments – the evident: obvious – adjective
boys went to secondary school, everyone at the picked on: bullied – phrasal verb
school ...) suspect: think – verb
4 C (siblings … pitch in when one of them is straightforward: honest – adjective
threatened – when we got pulled into fights, I irrelevant: insignificant – adjective
went in too, to help him)
5 D (the boys frequent very different social scenes – b) To consolidate vocabulary in context
occasionally, though, they do go out together in
• Explain the task.
the evening)
• Give Ss time to check the phrases in the Word
6 E (How many light-skinned or dark-skinned
List at the back of their books and write
grandchildren will I have? – Her husband, Errol,
sentences.
laughs at this.)
• Check Ss’ answers.
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box and Suggested Answer Key
explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss
to use their dictionaries and look them up. diametrically opposed (phr): completely opposite
the spitting image of (phr): sb’s lookalike
gregarious (adj): sociable it’s a wind-up (phr): it’s a joke that you tell to make sb
let alone (idm): even less (used to emphasise the fact angry
that because the first statement is unlikely, the next like chalk and cheese (phr): (of two people) totally
thing cannot be likely either) different
identical (adj): looking exactly the same keep one another at arm’s length (phr): to not have a
wrinkly (adj): with lines on the skin close relationship with sb
geneticist (n): the scientist who studies the function of
genes Sentences:
heritage (n): the traditions and qualities that are 1 The two friends couldn’t be more different;
passed down from one generation to the other everything about them is diametrically opposed.
gene pool (n): the characteristic genes of a specific 2 My little sister is the spitting image of our mum.
species, tribe, etc. 3 They didn’t believe me; instead they laughed and
slavery (n): owning people who work for you said it was a wind-up.
genetic mix (phr): a combination of genes 4 My cousins are completely different; they are like
mark sb out (phr v): to make sb look clearly different chalk and cheese but they get along well.
from others 5 Although the siblings keep one another at arm’s
stare (n): a persistent look length, they would always be there for each other in
age-old (adj): existing since old times a crisis.
solidarity (n): (of two or more people) help and support
for each other
tumbling (n): acrobatic exercises on the floor
10
1 Module
5 To check comprehension Interviewer: That’s good to hear. So apart from your
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. appearances, are your hobbies and interests different
• Remind Ss not to copy from the text but to try to too?
paraphrase the information in their own words. James: Actually, our hobbies are quite different also.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. I’m really into cheerleading.
Daniel: And I’m very interested in acrobatics. I love
Answer Key doing it!
1 James and Daniel are different in every way. Their Interviewer: Wow! You guys really are like chalk and
personalities and appearance are different. James is cheese! Thanks for talking to us.
dark-skinned and Daniel is light-skinned. James is
gregarious and academic while Daniel is shy and Writing
disliked school.
To write a blog entry
2 To sum up the twins’ relationship I would say that
although they aren’t very close friends, they are very Suggested Answer Key
loyal to each other. We can see this in the way they Michelle’s Blog
stand up for each other when necessary. Hi everybody! Today I’m going to talk about siblings
3 I would say that the writer’s overall impression of and how they can get along despite their differences.
the Kelly family is very positive. She seems to have a As we all know, brothers and sisters can often have
lot of respect and admiration for the Kellys. We can very different tastes and interests. However, there are
see this in the way she says that although the Kellys many ways siblings can still get along regardless. They
are straightforward and outspoken, all they’ve ever could spend more time together by making quality time
wanted for their boys is an equal and fair future. for each other and sharing their favourite activities. This
would allow them to value each other more and
Listening & Speaking become closer. They could also improve their
communication, as a lack of communication often leads
To consolidate information in a text to misunderstandings. This can be helped by
• Explain the task and ask Ss to work in groups of discussing issues in a calm way and by trying to
three. understand each other’s feelings.
• Give Ss time to prepare questions and answers What do you think about this topic? Leave a comment
based on the text and then act out their interviews. and tell me!
• Ask various Ss to act out their interviews for the rest
of the class.
Interviewer: Good morning, James, good morning,
1b Vocabulary
Daniel! I’m glad you both came to talk to us today. I
have some questions for you. First of all, what was it 1 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
like growing up with a twin that’s so different from you? • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
James: When we were small, it was no problem at all. • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
People would comment because they were surprised,
Answer Key
but the other children at school never seemed to notice
that we had different skin colours. But when we got 1 image 4 suspect 7 picking on
older, things got more difficult. 2 stares 5 observe 8 provoke
Interviewer: How exactly did they get difficult? 3 glimmer 6 presume 9 threatened
Daniel: Well, in secondary school I got picked on a lot,
and I got in a lot of fights. The other kids had a problem 2 To practise prepositions in context
with the fact that I looked white, but in their minds I • Give Ss time to complete the task.
wasn’t really. James got pulled into it, too. • Check Ss’ answers.
Interviewer: I’m sorry to hear that. What happened
Answer Key
James?
James: I couldn’t just watch people fighting with Daniel 1 to 2 of 3 of 4 to 5 to
while they left me alone. I had to get involved. But
things are better now that we’re older.
11
Module 1
3 To present and practise topic-related roles and repeat the activity. ( i.e. S1: My
vocabulary in context brother Tom is usually late. Also, he often
promises to do something but then forgets to
do it. S2: Tom is unreliable.)
• Give Ss time to complete it.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class.
Answer Key c) To practise vocabulary for personality
1 descent 3 trait 5 generation and qualities
2 gene 4 heritage • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Check Ss’ answers, explaining any unknown
4 To present and practise topic-related vocabulary.
vocabulary in context Answer Key
• Explain the task. Explain any unknown words and 1 c 2 f 3 e 4 a 5 b 6 d
go through the example with Ss.
• Give Ss time to complete the task.
6 a) To consolidate new vocabulary
• Explain the task and give Ss time to prepare
Answer Key their answers.
2 Andrew and his brother have a very productive • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
relationship that helps them work well as a team.
3 Jessica is a genuine person; she is always sincere Suggested Answer Key
and honest. I believe that I am an affectionate and considerate person.
4 His commitment to his diet is rather weak; it might I’m open-minded and tolerant of others’ views. However,
not last for a long time. I’m not very self-confident. In fact, I’m a little timid and
submissive. I wish I could be more lively and bold.
5 a) To present vocabulary for personality
and qualities b) To consolidate new vocabulary
• Explain the task. Refer Ss to the Word List to and discuss in pairs
check any unknown vocabulary. Give Ss time to • Give Ss time to answer the question in pairs.
complete the task. • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
Answer Key A: What qualities do you think a perfect friend should
1 d 3 e 5 a 7 h have?
2 g 4 f 6 c 8 b B: For me, a friend has to be tolerant and open-
minded. I prefer talking to people who can see
b) To listen for specific information things from different perspectives.
(multiple matching) A: Well, I think it is really important for friends to be
• Ask Ss to read the qualities in Ex. 5a. dependable and considerate. A good friend should
• Play the recording. Ss listen and match the always be there to support you when you have
speakers to the qualities. problems or need their help, and they should be
• Check Ss’ answers. kind and not judge you harshly. If they don’t do
those things then I don’t think they’re a good friend.
Answer Key
B: Yes, you’re right. Friends should be sympathetic,
1 thoughtless 3 timid too, because sometimes you just need someone to
2 unreliable 4 opinionated listen.
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to work in pairs.
One Ss describes a family member’s personality 7 To present/practise idioms describing
(the description should be based on one of the relationships
qualities in Ex. 5a, but the word should not be
used; instead examples should be given) and • Explain the task and remind Ss that they can check
the other student chooses the word from Ex. 5a in the Word List.
that best describes that person. Ss change • Check Ss’ answers.
12
1 Module
Answer Key • Remind Ss to read the Grammar Reference
1 your side of the story 4 the centre of attention section (pp. GR1-GR2) for more information.
2 like cat and dog 5 set in her ways • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should identify the tenses
3 like a house on fire and justify their use.
• Revise the tenses and their uses if necessary.
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to write their own
Answer Key
sentences using the idioms and then read their
sentences to the class. 1 adore – present simple – stative verb describing
feelings and emotions
2 have been laughing – present perfect continuous –
8 To present and practise prepositional phrases to put emphasis on the duration of an action which
• Give Ss time to complete the task. started in the past and continues up to the present
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix I. 3 play – present simple – a repeated action/habit in
the present
Answer Key 4 show – present simple – a repeated action/habit in
1 in 2 of 3 of 4 in 5 to the present
5 have appeared – present perfect simple – an action
that happened at an unstated time in the past. The
9 To present and practise phrasal verbs
emphasis is on the action. The time when it
• Give Ss time to complete the task. occurred is unimportant or unknown.
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II. 6 have become – present perfect simple – a personal
experience of change.
Answer Key
7 are getting – present continuous – for currently
1 up for 2 out 3 down 4 up 5 up changing and developing situations
10 To practise word formation 2 To practise the present tenses

• Give Ss time to fill the gaps with the correct form of • Explain the task and go through the example with
the words at the end of the lines. Ss. Remind Ss to see the Grammar Reference
• Check Ss’ answers. section (pp. GR1-GR2) for more information.
• Explain that Ss should first read the text quickly to • Give Ss time to complete the task.
get a general idea what it is about. Ss then read the • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should identify the tenses
text sentence by sentence and try to decide what and justify their use.
part of speech each missing word is (noun, verb, Answer Key
adjective, adverb etc.) They also think of possible 1 a) Kate works as a writer at a film studio. (simple
prefixes/suffixes that are used to form various parts present – indicates a fact and permanent state)
of speech. b) Kate is working on a new film right now. (present
• Remind Ss to look out for plurals or opposites. continuous – indicates an action taking place at
• Ss complete the text, then read the completed text or around the moment of speaking)
to see if it makes sense. 2 a) I’ve been organising business events for years.
• Point out that correct spelling is required. (present perfect continuous – indicates emphasis
Answer Key on the duration of an action which started in the
past and continues up to the present.)
1 beneficial 5 attentively b) I’ve organised three business events so far.
2 improvements 6 ensure (present perfect simple – to put emphasis on the
3 interruption(s) 7 uncertainty number of times something has happened)
4 nervousness 8 misunderstandings 3 a) I’m not starting my shift until 11:00 tonight.
(present continuous – indicates a fixed
arrangement in the near future)
1c Grammar in use b) I don’t usually start my shift until eleven. (present

simple – used for a daily routine (with always,
usually, etc)
4 a) He always borrows my car on weekends.
1 To present and practise the present tenses
(present simple – indicates a habit (with always,
• Direct Ss’ attention to the text and give them time usually, etc)
to complete the task.
13
Module 1
b) He is always borrowing my car without my 5 To practise the past tenses
permission. (present continuous – indicates • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
anger or irritation at a repeated action with • Remind Ss to see the Grammar Reference section
adverbs such as always) (pp. GR2-GR3) for more information.
5 a) I think he is selfish. (present simple – indicates • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should give reasons for their
character - a permanent state) choices.
b) I think he is being really selfish at the moment/
these days/right now. (present continuous – Answer Key
indicates behaviour – a temporary state) 1 A: was painting – past continuous – an action
which was in progress when another action
3 To revise the difference in meaning interrupted it. We use the past continuous for
between stative verbs in the present simple and the action in progress (longer action) and the
present continuous past simple for the action which interrupted it
(shorter action)
• Explain the task and remind Ss to see the
had made – past perfect – an action which
Grammar Reference section (pp. GR1-GR2) for
more information. happened before another past action or before a
• Give Ss time to complete the task. stated time in the past
• Check Ss’ answers. B: cleaned – simple past – an action that occurred
at a definite time (stated or implied) in the past
Answer Key 2 A: did Nick return – simple past – an action that
1 a) feels = has the texture of occurred at a definite time (stated or implied) in
b) is feeling = describes her state of being the past
2 a) see = understand B: had been meeting – past perfect continuous –
b) is seeing = is watching to put emphasis on the duration of an action
3 a) fits = it’s the right size which started and finished in the past, before
b) is fitting = is attaching another action or stated time in the past, usually
4 a) has = owns, possesses
with for or since
b) is having = is doing now
3 A: was listening – past continuous – an action
5 a) looks = appears
which was in progress at a stated time in the
b) is looking = is taking a look at
past – we don’t mention when the action started
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to try to think up more or finished
pairs of stative verbs that have differences in B: woke – simple past – an action that occurred at
meaning in the present simple and present a definite time (stated or implied) in the past
continuous (i.e. smells – is smelling, thinks – is 4 A: had been waiting – past perfect continuous –
thinking, tastes – is tasting, weighs – is weighing etc.) to put emphasis on the duration of an action
and write sentences demonstrating their meanings. which started and finished in the past, before
another action or stated time in the past, usually
4 To present and practise the past tenses with for or since
• Direct Ss’ attention to the text and ask them to find B: Were you – simple past – an action that
and underline the past tense forms. occurred at a definite time (stated or implied) in
• Remind Ss to see the Grammar Reference section the past
(pp. GR2-GR3) for more information. 5 A: were you doing – past continuous –
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should identify the tenses simultaneous actions in progress at the same
and justify their use. time
• Revise the tenses and their uses if necessary. B: was making – past continuous – an action
Answer Key which was in progress at a stated time in the
past – we don’t mention when the action started
played – past simple – an action that occurred at a
or finished
definite time (stated or implied) in the past
6 A: wasn’t working – past continuous – an action
had been dreaming – past perfect continuous – an action
which was in progress when another action
which happened before another past action or before a
interrupted it
stated time in the past, emphasising the duration
read – past simple – an action that occurred at a B: had finished – past perfect – an action which
definite time (stated or implied) in the past happened before another past action or before a
stated time in the past
14
1 Module
6 a) To present and practise used to – be/get 8 To present and revise comparative and
used to – would superlative forms
• Write on the board: I used to visit/would • Write examples on the board: My brother is taller
visit/visited my cousins every summer when I than me. He is the tallest person in his class.
was young. I used to have/had a blue bicycle Remind Ss that we often use than after a
when I was eight. I am used to travelling on the comparative and the before a superlative.
train. I am getting used to living in London. Elicit • Elicit from Ss other ways they can think of for
that we can use used to, would or past simple making comparisons and write them on the board,
for repeated past actions, but we can only use i.e. My brother is as tall as my dad. I’m almost as
used to or past simple for past states. Remind tall as my brother. I’m less tall than my brother. My
Ss that would cannot be used with stative sister is by far the shortest person in my family. etc.
verbs. • Remind Ss to check the Grammar Reference
• Draw Ss’ attention to the grammar structures section (pp. GR3-GR4) for more information.
that follow be/get used to (i.e. bare infinitive or - • Give Ss time to find the comparative and
ing form) superlative structures in the text on p. 10 and to
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section (p. answer the question.
GR3) for more information. • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. Answer Key
... the most entertaining ... (= to show that one person
Answer Key or thing is the best of its type)
1 A 2 B 3 D 4 C ... but no more so than ... (= to show no difference in
the amount of sth)
b) To practise the correct use of would ... better and better ... (= shows that something is
increasing or decreasing)
... see more of ... (= see an increasing amount of)
How we form the comparative and superlative:
Answer Key
• For one syllable adjs add -(e)r to form the
We can use would instead of used to in sentence 2 comparative and -(e)st to form the superlative
because it shows a past habit whereas sentence 1 talks • for one-syllable adjs ending in vowel + consonant,
about a past state, which means we cannot use would double the consonant
(be is a stative verb). • for adjs ending in a consonant + y, replace the y
with an i and add -er to form the comparative and
c) To practise the correct use of be/get -est to form the superlative
used to • for two-syllable adjs ending in -ly, -y or -w, add -er/est
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • for other adjs with two or more syllables, use more
• Check Ss’ answers. for the comparative and most for the superlative.
Answer Key
9 To practise comparisons
Sentence 1 (My family got used to living in the city.)
means that the family became accustomed to living in • Give Ss time to complete the task.
the city whereas sentence 2 (My family was used to • Check Ss’ answers.
living in the city.) means that my family was Answer Key
accustomed to living in the city. 1 far more 3 good enough 5 much better
2 too 4 not quite as 6 less
7 To practise the correct use of used to and
would
10 To practise comparisons
• Give Ss time to complete the task in pairs.
Answer Key
1 ✓ 3 – 5 ✓ (and would)
2 ✓ (and would) 4 – 6 –
15
Module 1
Answer Key Answer Key
1 Nowhere near as opinionated means Shawn is The question asks for the main reason.
very opinionated and Margret is much more
opinionated. BUT Not quite as opinionated means b) To identify specific information
both are opinionated, however Margret is just a little • Give Ss time to read the extract and answer the
bit more opinionated. question. Remind Ss to pay attention to the
2 The meaning is the same. underlined phrases.
3 Considerably better means my mum is a lot better • Check Ss’ answers.
at tennis than my dad BUT slightly better means
my mum is a little bit better at tennis than my dad. Answer Key
4 Just as dependable means they are equally C – This best answers the question because the
dependable. Almost as dependable means Jack is celebration is the main point of the event.
a little less dependable than Alice.
2 a) To prepare for a listening task (multiple
11 To practise key word transformations matching)
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
Remind Ss not to change the word in bold and to • Check Ss’ answers.
make sure they use between two and six words.
Answer Key
The question is asking for the speaker’s feelings.
Answer Key Key words: lack of people, facilities on offer,
1 gives the impression of being entertainment and catering
2 am not used to going
3 first time she has ever felt b) To identify specific information
4 as many medals as • Give Ss time to read the extract and answer the
question. Remind Ss to pay attention to the key
12 To consolidate comparisons by writing and words they underlined in Ex. 2a.
talking about family members • Check Ss’ answers.
• Ask various Ss to read their sentences to the class. A – The words that helped me decide were “I didn’t
Suggested Answer Key know a soul there.”
I am considerably livelier than my sister.
My brother, James, is a great deal more dominant than 3 To introduce new vocabulary and prepare
my sister, Alice. for a listening task
My uncle is far more self-confident than my aunt. • Refer Ss to the Word List at the back of the book
My brother is just as considerate as my sister. and give them time to look up the meanings of the
My cousins are nowhere near as affectionate as my words/phrases given.
siblings.
I’m almost as open-minded as my granddad. Answer Key
overwhelmed (adj): stunned
go to great lengths (phr): to make a great effort
bash (n): a party
1d Listening skills rapport (n): a good relationship
extended family (phr): a family consisting of the
parents, their children and other relatives
get hitched (phr): to get married
matching)
devastated (adj): very shocked and upset
• Read out the Study Skills box and explain the coincide (v): to happen at the same time
task. Give Ss time to complete it. right as rain (idm): perfectly healthy
• Check Ss’ answers. cry the house down (idm): to burst into tears loudly
16
1 Module
put a spanner in the works (idm): to do sth that
prevents sth else from turning out well
run oneself ragged (phr): to make oneself very tired
1e Speaking skills
choked up (phr): unable to speak because of a strong 1 a) To identify topics of discussion
emotion
• Ask Ss to read the first exchange and decide
which topics they are talking about.
4 To prepare for a listening task • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to read the tasks and determine what
Answer Key
they are being asked to listen for.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. home, studies
Answer Key
b) To identify situational language for
Task one asks me to listen for the speaker’s main reason. asking for and giving personal information
Key words: quality time, sense of pride, reaction, get to
know, reminder, show of support, attendance, • Explain the task and give Ss time to replace the
discovery of phrases.
Task two asks me to listen for the speaker’s opinion.
Key words: too many, untimely illness, move abroad, Answer Key
bad weather, miscommunication, mixed feelings, 1 is your favourite part 5 how do you spend
scheduling conflict, late start 2 I need to think about it your time
3 I like the most 6 I’m mad
4 I really want to do
5 To listen for gist (multiple matching)
• Read out the Note box. Explain and then play the
2 To act out a dialogue based on a model
recording twice.
• Ss listen and complete the task • Explain the task and remind Ss to use the Useful
• Check Ss’ answers. Language box and the model dialogue to help them.
• Write this diagram on the board for Ss to follow.
Answer Key
TASK ONE A B
1 D 2 C 3 H 4 B 5 E Greet B. Say B ... Confirm who you are and
TASK TWO is in your class. introduce yourself. Ask A
6 F 7 G 8 E 9 B 10 C where he/she is from.
Say where you are
6 To personalise the topic from and ask B where Reply. Ask A about his/her
he/she is from. studies
• Read out the questions to Ss.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. Reply Comment and ask A what
Suggested Answer Key he/she likes about his/her
Reply studies here.
I’ve shared lots of special moments with my family. One
event that really stands out is my brother’s graduation
Express uncertainty Comment on that and ask
from university. He looked amazing in his robes and it
and talk about your A about his/her plans after
was really memorable because a famous singer was
possible plans. graduating.
also there getting an honorary degree. Another
occasion I’ll never forget was my cousin’s wedding. He
Reply Ask A what he/she does
is a huge ‘Lord of the Rings’ fan and everyone dressed
at the weekends
up as characters from the stories. It was really
Accept
interesting because instead of a suit he wore a set of
Comment and invite A out
armour belonging to the main hero Aragorn.
• Give Ss time to act out their dialogues in pairs.

• Monitor activity around the class and then ask some
pairs to act out their dialogue in front of the class.
17
Module 1
Suggested Answer Key Overall my partner’s performance was good. They
A: Hi, I’m Eric. I think you’re in my history class. spoke clearly without any hesitation. However, some of
B: Yes, you’re right. I am. My name’s Nathan. Where their answers especially at the beginning were quite
are you from, Eric? short. However, as they progressed the answers
A: I’m from Stockholm, Sweden. How about you? became longer and their reasons were more detailed.
B: I’ve lived here in London all my life. How long have They used some rich language and a variety of
you been studying at the university? grammar structures. They also spoke in a natural
A: I’m in the final year of my degree. I like it a lot. manner.
B: Great! What do you like most about studying here?
A: That’s a difficult question, but I think my favourite
thing about London is all the live music and theatre
productions that are always taking place here. There
is always something to see and do!
1f Writing
B: That’s true! Are you planning to stay here after you 1 To practise informal language and
graduate? recognise opening and closing remarks
A: I hope so. I’ve applied to do a post graduate degree
here.
B: So, what have you done in the time that you’ve
been here? Answer Key
A: Well, besides studying, I’ve seen some really great 1 i opening 6 c closing
live music. I’m crazy about jazz music, and there are 2 e opening 7 h closing
lots of performances all the time. 3 a opening 8 g opening
B: Yes, it’s brilliant. My friends and I are going to see a 4 d closing 9 f closing
band this Friday. You might like them. Would you 5 b opening
like to join us?
A: Yes, definitely!
2 To analyse a rubric
• Ask Ss to read the rubrics and underline the key
3 To assess and compare model answers
words, then elicit the key words from Ss around the
• Read out the Study Skills box and explain the task. class.
• Ask Ss to read the questions and then play the • Give Ss time to answer the questions. Remind Ss to
recording. Ss listen to the recording and tick the use the key words to help them.
boxes. • Check Ss answers.
Answer Key
A You have received an email from an English friend.
1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 B
Next month my class is having a retirement
party for one of our favourite teachers and I’m
4 To answer questions about yourself and to in charge of organising it.
assess your partner I remember that you organised a party for one
• Ss work in pairs. of your teachers last year. I’d like your advice
• Explain the task and give Ss time to answer the please. Can you tell me what went well at your
questions and evaluate their partner’s answers. party and what didn’t? I would really appreciate
• Monitor around the class. any other suggestions you might have.
Cheers,
Jenna
I grew up in Milan and now I’m a student there. I like it
there. It’s where all my friends live and there are lots of Write your email in reply (220-260 words)
things to do. It’s a very lively city that’s exciting and this 1 I am going to write an email.
really suits my nature, and as a fashion lover, I also 2 The email is going to be read by a friend who wants
appreciate that it’s famous for its style. The only thing I my advice.
don’t like is that it’s an expensive city. 3 I should write my email in an informal style.
18
1 Module
4 I should include information about what went well problem understanding the advice. The style is
and what didn’t when I organised a party. appropriate as it is chatty and colloquial throughout. It
5 I should write 220-260 words. covers the type of task well as it is the form of an email.
The specific topics in the rubric are covered and it
B Write an email of about 220-260 words to a offers advice that is realistic as well as examples of
friend. In your email you should: what could go wrong.
• tell your friend that you are happy that he/she Model B doesn’t address the situation well as it omits
will be visiting your home town. what did not go well at the party.It doesn’t address the
• Suggest some fun activities for your friend to reader in the correct way. While the language is
do on weekdays and on weekend excursions. generally chatty, it uses inappropriate formal linkers and
full verb forms.The style as a result, is unnatural and
1 I am going to write an email. rigid. However, it still covers the type of task as it is in
2 The email is going to be read by a friend who will be the form of an email.The specific topics in the rubric are
visiting my home town. My friend has asked for my not all covered and it contains too much advice with
suggestions for activities that they could do during few details. Some of the advice might not be practical,
weekdays and weekends. also.
3 I should write my email in an informal style.
4 I should tell my friend that I’m happy they are d) To recognise appropriate style
visiting my home town. I should also include • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
information and suggestions about activities that • Check Ss’ answers.
can be done on weekdays and also for weekend
excursions. Suggested Answer Key
5 I should write 220-260 words. The full verb forms and formal linking words make the
email sound very stilted and unnatural for the situation
3 a) To match rubrics to models and would convey the wrong tone to the target reader.
• Give Ss time to read the models and choose the

correct rubric. 4 a) To put paragraphs in the correct order
• Check Ss’ answers. • Give Ss time to read the model and do the task.
Answer Key • Check Ss’ answers.
The models both match rubric A. Answer Key

A 3 B 1 C 4 D 2
b) To compare models
Background information
• Check Ss’ answers Toledo is a city in central Spain. The city is a
UNESCO world heritage site and is known as the
Answer Key ‘City of Three Cultures’ because of its historical
1 A&B 4 A&B 7 A 10 A tolerance and diversity. It is 60 miles from Madrid and
2 A&B 5 A 8 B 11 A today has a population of 84,000.
3 A 6 A 9 A 12 A Segovia is another city in central Spain that is a
UNESCO world heritage site. It has a population of
c) To evaluate how models fulfil the task in around 56,000. Segovia is a popular tourist destination.
the rubric The Roman Aqueduct of Segovia is famous for its
architectural beauty. It is still used to carry drinking
• Give Ss time to answer the question. Remind water today.
them to support their answer with examples. Madrid is the capital of Spain. It has a population of
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. 3.2 million. It is the third largest city in the European
Suggested Answer Key Union. It is a modern city with a high standard of
Model A best answers the rubric because it covers the living, and many trees and green spaces. It is known
situation well and includes both what went well at the for the many outdoor sculptures on its streets.
party and what didn’t. It addresses the reader in the
correct way and the target reader would have no
19
Module 1
Answer Key
Prado Museum is located in central Madrid and is
1 I am writing to a friend, to give advice about a
the main Spanish national art museum. It has a
problem.
renowned collection of 12th -19th century European
2 I have to write in an informal style.
art, and the world’s best collection of Spanish art. El
3 I should include my feelings about the problem and
Prado is one of the most visited museums in the
offer suggestions and advice on the issue.
world.
4 I could use the following opening remarks – How
Retiro Park is the largest and most popular park in
are you? I hope you are well. I was sorry to hear
central Madrid. It used to be the grounds of a palace.
about your problem with …
It contains a large number of sculptures, fountains
As well as the following closing remarks – I hope my
and monuments and many events are held there.
advice/suggestions will help. Write back soon to tell
me if things are better. Take care
5 I should write 220-260 words
b) To identify synonymous phrases
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. b) To practise organising information into
• Check Ss’ answers. paragraphs
Answer Key • Ask Ss to put the notes in the correct place in
A 5 C 4 E 6 G 8 the spidergrams and elicit answers around the
B 2 D 3 F 1 H 7 class.
• Give Ss time to write their paragraphs. Remind
c) To practise the use of topic sentences Ss to use a topic sentence to introduce the main
idea of the paragraphs.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. • Check Ss’ answers. Ask various Ss to read out
• Check Ss’ answers. their paragraphs to the class.
Suggested Answer Key Answer Key
Para A – 1 Para D – 2 1 discuss issues in a calm way
2 share your favourite activities
d) To practise organising information Suggested Answer Key
• Give Ss time to complete the spidergram. I think it would really help if you worked on improving
• Check Ss’ answers. communication with your brother. Obviously, a lack of
Suggested Answer Key communication can lead to serious misunderstandings.
You need to talk to him about issues and you also need
1 I’m glad 5 train ride (away) to listen to him. Try to get things out in the open by
2 I’ve come up with 6 cuisine discussing things in a calm way. I think if you do this, it
3 explore 7 aqueduct will help you to understand each other’s point of view.
4 have 8 advice This will make it much easier to avoid arguments.
Have you thought about spending more time with your
5 a) To analyse a rubric brother doing things you both enjoy? I believe spending
• Ask Ss to read the rubric. Elicit which are the quality time together would do wonders for your
key words and ask Ss to underline them. relationship. Why don’t you ask your brother along
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. when you are doing your favourite activities? I think if
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. you spend more time doing fun things together, it will
help you to become closer and then you will value each
Write an email of about 220-260 words to a other more.
friend. In your email you should:
• tell your friend that you are sorry to hear that
he is having problems getting along with his 6 a) To analyse a rubric
brother. • Ask Ss to read the rubric. Elicit which are the
• suggest some things your friend could do to key words and ask Ss to underline them.
improve their relationship • Give Ss time to answer the questions.
20
1 Module
You have received a letter from an English Suggested Answer Key
friend who is planning on studying abroad. Hi Taylor,
I’m nervous about studying abroad. How will I It was lovely to hear from you! It’s great news that
make new friends and cope with the work load you’re going abroad to study and I’ve got some
at college? Also, I’m worried that I’ll miss my suggestions I hope you will find useful.
friends and family. I think it would be a good idea if you tried to meet lots
You decide to write to your friend giving your of people in the first few days. There’ll be lots of
opinion and making suggestions (220-260 words). activities during Fresher’s week. I think you should join
some clubs or societies so that you have a better
Answer Key chance of meeting people with the same interests as
1 I am going to write to a friend who is nervous about you.
studying abroad, to give my opinion and I wouldn’t worry about falling behind with coursework.
suggestions. Just make sure to do your assignments as soon as you
2 I have to write in an informal style. get them. If you need any help organising your
3 I should include my opinion about studying abroad, timetable, just go and see your tutor. This way you
and suggestions about how to make friends, how to won’t fall behind in your coursework, either. You just
cope with the workload, and how to keep from need to keep everything under control.
missing friends and family. I know it can be tough when you’re away from friends
4 I could use the following opening remarks – It was and family for the first time. But why don’t you try to
lovely to hear from you, It’s great news... keep in regular contact with them while you’re away?
As well as the following closing remarks – I hope my The way I see it, it’s easy to keep in touch with people
suggestions are useful, let me know how you get these days using social media or video calls. That way,
on... you won’t miss them as much.
5 Points I should include: try to meet a lot of people, It would be such a shame if you missed out on this
do assignments as soon as you get them, use opportunity to study abroad. Don’t stay here and regret
technology to communicate with your family and it later. Enjoy the chance to do something new and
friends different. You will learn so much more.
I hope my suggestions help. Let me know how you get
on when you get there.
b) To practise organising information All the best,
• Give Ss time to complete the task. Frankie
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit various ideas for the
third suggestion/supporting detail/result.
Suggested Answer Key Language Knowledge 1
1 join clubs/societies to meet people with same
interests 1 To prepare for a multiple choice cloze task
2 won’t fall behind in your coursework • Read the Study Skills box and refer Ss to Ex. 1a.
3 suggestions - Keep regular contact with family Read question one and elicit from the Ss what is
supporting details – talk to them on social media being tested (e.g. precise meaning).
and video call often • Ask Ss to answer the questions, paying attention to
result – won’t miss them as much what is being tested and give them time to
complete the task.
7 To write an email giving advice • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to complete the task using the Useful Answer Key
Language box and their answers from Ex. 6 a & b. 1 a) 1 common collocation
• Remind Ss to go through the checklist after they 2 set phrase
have written their email to check their work. 3 phrasal verb
• Check Ss’ answers. Alternatively, assign the task as 4 precise meaning
HW and check Ss’ answers in the next lesson. 5 context
6 idiom
21
Module 1
b) 1 C 3 D 5 D understudy (n): a stand-in actor
2 C 4 A 6 C captivated (adj): strongly attracted
agitated (adj): upset
2 To do a multiple choice cloze task ecstatic (adj): excited beyond measure
accessible (adj): approachable
• Give Ss time to read the text and complete the task. sb is to blame for sth (phr): sb is considered to be
• Allow Ss some time to compare their answers with responsible for sth wrong
a partner. sth is my fault (phr): sth is my mistake
• Check Ss’ answers. inaccuracy (n): imprecision
Answer Key restraint (n): a limitation
stream (v): (of a liquid) to pour continuously
1 B 3 D 5 B 7 C
leak (v): (of a pipe, tap, etc.) to let fluid out
2 C 4 D 6 A 8 D
plummet (v): to decrease dramatically and rapidly
plough (v): to dig sth up and turn it over
3 To revise grammar structures intriguing (adj): interesting
• Give Ss time to complete the task. inquisitive (adj): curious
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers. ingenious (adj): inventive
innovative (adj): original
Answer Key
summary (n): a brief abstract
1 A except = not including; one thing/condition that adaptation (n): a film based on a book/play
is an exception (apart and aside share the anecdote (n): an entertaining short story
meaning but must be followed by ‘from’) variation (n): an alternative
2 B comparative form of good + intensifier supersede (v): to take the place of
3 C as if + simple past = for imaginary situations that overshadow (v): to outshine
may not be true but are possible excel (in/at sth) (v): to be very good at sth
4 D given = (prep) knowing about or considering a develop (v): to grow
particular thing naughty (adj): behaving badly
5 D neither – (inversion) to express agreement with a spiteful (adj): malicious
negative statement mischievous (adj): annoyingly playful
6 A amazed by dishonest (adj): deceitful
7 B Set phrases: sth catches sb by surprise wobbly (adj): weak and unsteady
8 D just = (adv) only; where there are two verbs in a moody (adj): gloomy
phrase, adverbs are placed after the first patchy (adj): uneven; not complete
auxiliary verb – doesn’t just play unsteady (adj): unstable
9 C lacks = present simple, third person singular – stranded (adj): unable to leave
for a general truth sidelined (adj): pushed to one side
10 B be happy with + sth sequestered (adj): isolated
11 B when it comes to sth = (idiomatic expression) in stunned (adj): shocked
relation to/speaking of be on my best behaviour (phr): to act very well in a
12 A unless = (conj) if not (expresses a negative social situation
condition) look for (phr v): to search for sth
count on (phr v): to rely on sb
4 To revise vocabulary look over (phr v): to check quickly
stick to (phr v): to remain loyal to sth
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
Answer Key
1 B 4 A 7 C 10 D
Language Focus 1
2 C 5 B 8 C 11 D
1 To present vocabulary about feelings
3 B 6 C 9 B 12 B
• Explain that the words in the boxes are groups of
accomplice (n): a partner in crime words with similar meanings and give Ss time to fill
acquaintance (n): sb known to us in the gaps.
contact (n): sb you know that can help you • Check Ss’ answers, explaining any unknown words.
22
1 Module
Answer Key Grammar in Focus
1 presumptuous 7 wretched
To practise grammar structures
2 argumentative 8 resentful
3 brash 9 jubilant • Explain the task.
4 blunt 10 content • Ss complete the task in closed pairs.
5 withdrawn 11 overjoyed • Check Ss’ answers.
6 sulky 12 gleeful
Answer Key
1 no 6 in
2 a) To practise idioms 2 were studying 7 longer
• Give Ss time to complete the task. 3 had never met 8 out
• Check Ss’ answers. 4 told 9 had adopted
5 so 10 have been
Answer Key
1 ✓ Progress Check 1
2 ✓
3 ✓ 1 To read for general comprehension
4 ✓
5 ✓ • Ask Ss to read the text, paying attention to
1 has a face like thunder 4 hit rock bottom • Remind Ss to read through the whole text again
2 is happy go lucky 5 is over the moon when they have completed the task to check that it
3 is down in the dumps makes sense.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class and elicit
b) To consolidate the meaning of idioms by which words helped them to decide on their
making sketches answers.
Ss’ own answers Answer Key
1 G 2 C 3 D 4 E 5 B 6 A
3 To practise adjectives with the prefix self-
• Give Ss time to complete the task. 2 To listen for specific information
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Ask various (multiple matching)
students to read out their sentences. • Ask Ss to read the statements A-H.
Answer Key • Play the recording. Ss listen and match the
speakers to the statements.
1 self-conscious 5 self-disciplined/
2 self-centred controlled
3 self-pitying 6 self-reliant Answer Key
4 self-important 1 E 2 G 3 A 4 C 5 D
Mary is very self-confident/self-assured and feels 3 To revise vocabulary from the module
comfortable in any environment. • Give Ss time to choose the correct words.
I don’t like Dan’s self-righteous attitude. He’s very • Check Ss’ answers.
smug about himself.
Jason is very self-destructive and that’s why he hangs Answer Key
out with the wrong crowd. 1 timid 3 guardian 5 solid
Terry is quite self-indulgent, he’s very vain and always 2 laid-back 4 genetic
buys clothes that he doesn’t need.
23
Module 1
4 To consolidate grammar from the module Competences
• Give Ss time to choose the correct items. Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
• Check Ss’ answers. according to how competent they feel regarding each of the
Answer Key listed activities.
1 used to 4 was talking

2 half as 5 more and more
3 is always leaving
5 To revise everyday English expressions

• Give Ss time to do the task.
Answer Key
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a
6 To write an email giving advice

• Explain the task and refer Ss to the Writing Section
(1f) for a model, a plan and useful language.
• Give Ss time to plan and complete their work and
then check Ss’ answers.
• Alternatively assign the task as HW and check Ss’
answers in the next lesson.
Hi Sabrina,
Thanks for your email. It was great to hear from you.
What wonderful news that you’ve started your first job.
It sounds very exciting. Moving out of the family home
is a big step, but I think I can help.
First, make sure you get a place you can afford. It’s
easy to get carried away by your dream flat. However, I
would say it’s best to start small because it will be
cheaper and also easier to clean and maintain. You
could also get involved in community events, and
should get to know your neighbours. That way you can
ask them for their advice about local things and they
can help you.They are also bound to know which are
the best shops and have numbers for plumbers and
electricians.
When you do move, you can expect to find yourself
doing a lot more chores. It’s a good idea to make a rota
so you can keep on top of all the housework. You can
also expect things to be quite expensive, so make sure
you budget properly. It’s important to have enough
money for all your bills at the end of every month.
I hope my advice helps. Things will definitely be
different at first, but I think you’d love it. Do write back
and tell me how you are getting on.
Take care,
Tamara
24
Pushing boundaries 2 Module

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of technological 2c Grammar in use 28-29
developments/advance, robotics, everyday computing and
gadgets. Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise future tenses and
other future forms, to revise/practise degrees of certainty, to
Module page 23 revise/practise it - there, to practise key word
transformations
introduce key vocabulary for technological developments. 2d Listening skills 30
Vocabulary: a look into the future (equip, implement,
modernise, revolutionise, interact, interrelate, integrate, Lesson Objectives: to prepare for a listening task, to listen
interface, determine, designate, cease, terminate); adjectives for gist and specific information
(be aware of, be acquainted with, compliant, adaptable);
nouns (development, advancement, condiment, 2e Speaking skills 31
contaminant) Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
for making and responding to suggestions, to act out a
2a Reading 24-25 dialogue making and responding to suggestions, to
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for specific compare and speculate on pictures
information, to answer comprehension questions based on a
text, to post a comment to a newspaper article 2f Writing 32-35
Vocabulary: nouns (implant, prosthetics, sensor, Lesson Objectives: to analyse a rubric, to analyse a model,
metabolism, fondness); adjectives (dashing, pulsating, to practise using linkers, to predict content, to practise
inquisitive, residual, integrated, self-regulating, neural, language style in proposals, to write a proposal
elective, startling, functioning, mind-boggling, intuitive,
sophisticated, profitable, unparalleled); verbs (convey, Language Knowledge 2 36-37
commence, recalibrate, be conceived, exceed); phrasal verb
(catch up with) Lesson Objectives: to prepare for and practise open cloze,
to practise key word transformations, to consolidate
2b Vocabulary 26-27 vocabulary and grammar structures
Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to Language Focus 2 38

research & technology, everyday computing & gadgets, to
learn idioms related to technology, to learn prepositions, to Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
learn phrasal verbs, to practise word formation on technology, to practise word formation.
Vocabulary: research & technology (allocate, detect, Vocabulary: technology (convey, conceive, compile,
conceive, uncover, navigation, innovation, demonstration, conduct, artificial, fake, false, counterfeit); collocations (have
installation, retain, renew, refresh, resolve, drawback, a long-term impact on us, make advances in the field of
detriment, denial, distractor, predict, indicate, hypothesise, medicine, make a breakthrough, do ground-breaking
conjecture, oversee, conduct, carry out, undertake, facilitate, research, do an experiment, have far-reaching
trigger, prompt, initiate, dispute, contest, refute, contradict); consequences, have/do an operation, be well worth
everyday computing & gadgets (browse, freeze, drag, crash, studying/ visiting, have a great effect/influence on our lives,
load, video chat, computer/video interface, computer/video be computer literate)
buff, video call, video conferencing, computer literate,
download/access a file, access your profile,
Progress Check 2 39-40
download/access an application, access the Internet, Lesson Objectives: to read for specific information, to listen
download an attachment, download/access a podcast); for gist and specific information, to consolidate vocabulary &
idioms (get my wires crossed, sth is light years ahead of its grammar structures from the module, to revise everyday
time, it’s not rocket science, be on the same wavelength, pull English, to write a proposal
the plug); phrasal verbs (turn down, fall out, turn on, fall back
on, turn into)
25
Module 2
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Pushing In terms of personal computing, I think that wearable
boundaries and the pictures. Ask Ss to suggest what they technology will become more and more popular. We
think the module will be about. (The module is about can already see that smartphone technology is blurring
technological developments/advances, robotics and the lines between mobiles and traditional computing
everyday computing and gadgets.) Go through the Module needs. I expect this to go even further with smart
Objectives to stimulate Ss’ interest in the module. watches and other such super-compact devices. These
devices could do everything for us, and we could ‘type’
essays and reports onto a screen just by thinking of
1 To introduce the topic and new vocabulary
what we want to write.
• Direct Ss’ attention to the texts A-D and the words I expect media will become more and more
in bold in each one, and give Ss time to choose the personalised, and based on our individual DNA, so
correct word to complete the texts. each treatment will be unique for each person. I also
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Explain/Elicit think that technology will allow us to treat any disease
the meaning of any unknown words. or illness with a simple scan.
• Direct Ss’ attention to the question in the rubric I would guess that to save the environment we will have
and elicit answers from Ss around the class. to rely more and more on renewable energy sources. I
suspect that we will no longer use any fossil fuels or
Answer Key
nuclear energy, and that things like hydroelectric power
A 1 equipped and wind turbines will become more effective.
2 revolutionise I think people will have personal assistant robots. Cars
B 3 interact will be a kind of robot, too. They will drive themselves
4 interfacing and even be able to fly, which will also totally change
C 5 aware travel.
6 determine In home living, smart homes will not just control the
7 adaptable temperature of the heating, but they will also handle all
D 8 development our daily tasks, such as waking us in the morning,
9 contaminants opening our curtains, preparing our meals and getting
10 cease clothes ready for us to wear.
Suggested Answer Key In terms of how these things will impact the world, I
I think technological developments in the texts are think they will make life easier and safer, while
pushing boundaries in really amazing and exciting protecting and safeguarding the environment and the
ways. Motion sensor technology is giving us natural world.
unparalleled freedom and new choices in how we
interact with computers. Smart bandages are taking Words of wisdom
treatments in medicine to incredible new levels. Smart • Direct Ss’ attention to the quotation and ask Ss to
homes offer total comfort and predict our needs, and discuss what it means with a partner and/or give
nanotechnology is sending science into fascinating new their opinion on it.
directions. • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
2 To describe an imaginary scenario This is an interesting quote that highlights a very
related to the text; to make predictions about the important point about automation and the development
future of computing technology compared to human
• Explain the task and give Ss some time to prepare endeavour. While it’s certainly true that improved
their answers. Advise Ss to keep notes in their machines can carry out repetitive tasks very quickly and
notebooks. to a highly complex level, they can never be
• Ask various Ss around the class to share their extraordinary or inventive like a person can be. This is
answers with the rest of the class. because despite all their sophistication and refinement
machines are ultimately just a tool, developed for that
end.
26
2 Module
2 a Reading
dashing (adj): elegant; stylish
pulsating (adj): throbbing
1 To practise key vocabulary in context implant (n): sth artificial that is put into the body
during an operation
• Refer Ss to the Word List at the back of their books
inquisitive (adj): curious
and give them time to look up the meanings of the
prosthetics (n): the making of artificial body parts
words given.
convey (v): to communicate a feeling, an idea, etc
• Give students time to fill in the gaps in the
without words
sentences and then check Ss’ answers around the
sensor (n): a device that responds to physical signals
class.
residual (adj): remaining
Answer Key integrated (adj): incorporated
1 prosthetic 3 implants 5 pulsating metabolism (n): the body process of converting food
2 artificial 4 self-regulating into energy
self-regulating (adj): self-adjusting
commence (v): to begin
2 To introduce the topic and to predict the
recalibrate (v): to reset
content of a text
neural (adj): relating to the nerves in a body
• Ask Ss to work in pairs and decide which sentences elective (adj): that you yourself choose to do
from Ex. 1 they think are true about Rex, the bionic startling (adj): extraordinary
man.
(Ss’ own answers)
4 a) To consolidate key vocabulary
• Give Ss time to read the text to check their
answers. • Ask Ss to use their dictionaries to look up the
• Elicit from Ss around the class which of the words in bold in the text.
sentences are true. • Give Ss time to complete the task, then elicit the
• Draw Ss attention to the fact that all of the meanings of the words, explaining any that Ss
sentences from Ex. 1 are true. are uncertain about.
Answer Key
3 To read for specific information fondness (n): a feeling of liking sth very much
(multiple choice) functioning (adj): working
• Read out the Study Skills box to help Ss do the conceived (v): created
task. catching up with (phr v): reaching the same level or
• Ask Ss to read through the text quickly, then read standard as sth
the questions. exceeding (v): surpassing
• Give them time to read the text again, carefully, mind-boggling (adj): difficult to understand
underlining the parts of the text which answer the intuitive (adj): instinctive
questions. sophisticated (adj): advanced
• Finally, ask the Ss to look at the four options and liberating (v): freeing from
choose the correct answer, checking that it is profitable (adj): money-making
supported in the text. unparalleled (adj): unequalled
• Check Ss’ answers around the class and ask Ss to
justify their answers with examples from the text. b) To check for comprehension of phrases
Answer Key and sentences in a text
1 A (ℓ. 7-21) 4 A (ℓ. 74-77 & ℓ. 83-85) • Ask Ss to work in pairs. Give them time to
2 D (ℓ. 37-42) 5 B (ℓ. 93-101) discuss the meaning of the underlined phrases.
3 C (ℓ. 56-60) 6 D (ℓ. 108-109) • Elicit the meanings of the phrases from various
Ss around the class.
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
to use their dictionaries and look them up.
27
Module 2
Suggested Answer Key C You’ve got a point. I also agree that market forces
Rex is, in many ways, an unexceptional chap = Rex is shouldn’t be allowed to determine how people
like an ordinary person in many respects. remain in the future. However, it would be wrong to
ban such technology altogether. There are many
stumbles over his words = is unable to think of the right
genuine medical reasons why some people might
word, or takes some time to think of them
need them. Such technologies could do a lot of
will we blur the boundaries of artificial and natural to an good and help reduce suffering.
extent that we have to recalibrate our definition = make D I couldn’t agree more. We could prevent so much
things so unclear that people are forced to reconsider unnecessary suffering if we can develop these
what they understand as natural and synthetic prosthetics successfully, and it could also mean that
disability itself becomes a thing of the past. I’m
5 To consolidate information in a text happy with the normalisation of these kinds of
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. prosthetics and even the idea of brain implants, to
• Remind Ss not to copy their answers from the text allow people to regain sight or hearing, doesn’t
but instead to paraphrase the information using make me uncomfortable.
their own words.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Writing
To write a post expressing an
1 Rex is like a human in some ways, but not in others. opinion and supporting it
His body works almost like a human body, he can
• Explain the task and give Ss some time to write
see and speak somewhat and he has opinions. But
their website post
of course, he can’t think for himself and if something
• Remind Ss to use an informal writing style and to
goes wrong with his artificial body, he will not ‘die’.
support their opinions with reasons/examples.
Obviously, he hasn’t got feelings or emotions.
• Ask a few Ss to read their post out to the rest of the
2 The technology used to build Rex could be a cause
class.
for concern because people could abuse it to
become ‘superhuman’. Companies could also Suggested Answer Key
exploit the technology to encourage unnecessary This newspaper article about Rex, the bionic man,
treatments for the sake of profit above medical need. certainly raises some fascinating issues. Personally, I
3 I would suggest that prosthetic technology and believe that if someone has a serious medical problem
bionic organs only be used in the future for people they could really benefit from artificial body parts, and
with genuine medical problems. I believe that strict should absolutely use them. This is because they would
medical controls would help to ensure this. allow them to overcome their disabilities or survive a
life-threatening illness. However, I don’t believe that
Listening & Speaking people should be allowed to choose them as elective
procedures. If the artificial parts are simply used to
To express opinions and support them with make the human body better, then the side effects that
reasons and examples the transplant could cause may make it a risk to one’s
• Play the recording of the text. health. There are also ethical questions about whether
• Give Ss time to debate in groups of four. people should try to fix something that isn’t broken!
• Ask various Ss to share their opinions with the rest
of the class.
A I think that it’s wrong to blur the boundaries of
2b Vocabulary
artificial and natural to such an extent that some
people may end up not even being recognisably 1 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
human. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
B I’m inclined to agree with you to some extent as the • Check Ss’ answers.
text does imply that some people will use this
Answer Key
technology to build super-bodies. I don’t think
these sorts of prosthetics should be available for 1 integrated 3 exceed 5 replacing
elective surgery for this reason. 2 commence 4 liberate 6 conceived
28
2 Module
1 The data generated by the heart rate monitor was 1 indicated 3 facilitated
sent to the doctor electronically. 2 overseeing 4 contradicted
2 There are lots of techniques in development to help
restore the sight of blind people.
3 Reading about new technology can broaden our 1 The red light that came on when we started the car
minds. indicated that we were low on petrol.
4 If a vital organ is removed , it must be replaced with 2 Dr Adams, who is overseeing the project, will
a transplant. explain what we hope to accomplish.
5 Developments in bionic technology are forcing 3 A technological innovation facilitated the production
people to recalibrate their definition of the self. of affordable solar panels.
6 The scientist wanted to convey a sense of amazement 4 The data that we collected contradicted everything
and positivity towards robotics with his project. we knew before.
2 To consolidate vocabulary from a text 5 a) To listen for specific information

(multiple matching)
• Check Ss’ answers. • Explain that Ss must listen closely for the
problem (A-D) that each speaker is talking
Answer Key about.
1 elective 4 intuitive • Play the recording, twice if necessary. Ss listen
2 self-regulating 5 mind-boggling and complete the task. Check Ss’ answers.
3 pertinent 6 conscious
Answer Key
Speaker 1: D, Speaker 2: A, Speaker 3: B, Speaker 4: C
3 a) To introduce new vocabulary related to
the topic of research and technology b) To consolidate topic vocabulary
• Give Ss time to read the sentences and choose by using it in a discussion
the correct word. Remind Ss that they can use • Explain the task and give Ss time to discuss in
their dictionaries to check the meaning of any pairs.
unknown words. • Ask various Ss to share their ideas with the rest
• Check Ss’ answers and explain any unknown of the class.
vocabulary.
Answer Key
A: I believe that technology will have a huge impact on
1 detect 3 refresh illiteracy – especially in developing countries.
2 installation 4 detriment Mobile devices, such as tablet computers, make
accessing the material that people need to practise
b) To consolidate new vocabulary related their reading skills much easier. The educational
to the topic of research and technology software and storage options on a hard drive for an
• Give Ss time to complete the task. electronic library that a tablet offers provide
• Check Ss’ answers. fantastic opportunities in remote locations.
B: Yes, I agree. And I think technology is going to help
Answer Key
reduce air pollution too, by giving us more eco-
Energy – 4, Transportation – 1, IT – 3, Communication – friendly cars that don’t run on traditional
2 combustion engines. Solar powered cars would
vastly reduce carbon emissions and exhaust fumes
4 To introduce new vocabulary related to the into the atmosphere.
topic of research and technology A: That would be amazing, helping the environment is
so important. Technology might be able to solve the
problem of disease by creating new medicines and
Remind Ss that they can use their dictionaries to
safer surgeries and treatments. Robotic surgery
check the meaning of any unknown words.
could help a lot in this regard and give surgeons
• Check Ss’ answers and explain any unknown
more time to focus on research. What do you think
vocabulary.
about the problem of hunger?
29
Module 2
B: Well, world hunger is certainly an important issue. Suggested Answer Key
One solution could be developing more genetically 1 A: I own a smartphone and a computer. I use the
modified crops. This could provide a sustainable computer for surfing the Net, doing my
source of food for the world, and reduce the use of homework and sometimes listening to music. I
chemicals in farming as they wouldn’t need use the smartphone to listen to music and for
insecticides. the Internet when I’m not at home, for social
media, to take photos, and to make calls and
6 a) To introduce vocabulary related to the send texts. What about you?
topic B: I’m the same as you, except I don’t take photos
with my smartphone. Instead I have a digital
camera which I use to take photos.
2 A: I surf the Internet most days, unless I’m really
Answer Key busy. It keeps me up-to-date with the world
1 drag 3 has frozen 5 has been because I use it to read the news and check my
2 crashed 4 load browsing emails.
Suggested Answer Key B: I’m basically online all the time. I don’t really
1 drag: to move sth along the floor ‘surf’ that often but I’m always logged into my
I had to drag the box across the floor because it social media accounts. I only surf the Internet if I
was too heavy to lift. need to find some information about something.
2 crash: to strike sth noisily 3 To download a file, right click and select “save as
The car skidded on the ice and crashed into a tree. ...” or click the appropriate tab or icon to download
3 freeze: to turn to ice; to stop moving on the relevant webpage.
Susan froze with fear when she saw the shadow To use a scanner place your document or photo
out of the window. inside the scanner. Hold down the lid and select or
4 load: to put sth heavy onto a vehicle/animal, etc. push the scan button to send the file to your
Can you help me load the shopping into the car? computer.
5 browse: to look through things in a shop/library, To edit a photo use an appropriate app or program
etc. and crop, resize or adjust colour and brightness as
Ian browsed through the goods in the shop but desired.
didn’t buy anything. To bookmark a page open the desired page on a
web browser and click the bookmark icon in the top
right hand corner.
7 a) To present collocations related to the
topic
8 To present/practise idioms related to
• Give Ss time to fill in the gaps. technology
1 video 7 download/access
Answer Key
2 computer/video 8 access
3 computer 9 download/access 1 wires crossed 3 rocket 4 wavelength
4 video 10 access 2 light years science 5 plug
5 video 11 download Suggested Answer Key
6 computer 12 download/access
1 get one’s wires crossed: to get confused about
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to use the collocations sth
to write as many sentences as possible in two 2 sth is light years ahead (of its time): sth is a long
minutes. way ahead (of its time)
3 it’s not rocket science: it's not very difficult to
b) To personalise the topic understand
• Give Ss time to answer the questions in pairs. 4 be on the same wavelength: (of two people) to
• Ask various Ss to describe the procedures in understand and agree with each other
question three to the class. 5 pull the plug: to put an end to sth
30
2 Module
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to write their own Answer Key
sentences using the idioms and then read their 1 future simple – used for a future prediction with the
sentences to the class. verb hope
2 future continuous – an action in progress at a stated
9 To practise prepositions future time
3 future perfect – an action completed before a stated
time in the future
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix I.
4 future perfect continuous – to show duration of an
Answer Key action up to a certain time in the future
1 with 2 with 3 from 4 for 5 to 5 future with be going to – a future prediction based
on what we see or know
10 To present/practise phrasal verbs formed
c) To present future tenses after time words
from fall or turn
• Write examples of future tenses and time words
Give Ss time to complete the task. Remind Ss they can
on the board (i.e. He will finish his homework
check in Appendix II. Check Ss’ answers.
before he goes out. I will call you when I have
Answer Key arrived.) and then ask Ss to find an example in
1 turned 2 fallen 3 turned 4 fall 5 turn the text on p. 28 and elicit what tenses are used
with it to refer to the future. Point out that time
clauses follow the rule about sequence of
11 To practise word formation
tenses. However, remind them that we never use
• Give Ss time to fill the gaps with the correct form of the future simple after time words. We use the
the words at the end of the lines. Remind Ss to first present simple or present perfect instead. Refer
try to find what part of speech is missing and try to Ss to the Grammar Reference section (p. GR5).
look out for plurals or opposites. • Give Ss time to write their own examples.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Check Ss’ answers.
1 accessible 4 enables 7 relatively We use the simple present or the present perfect after
2 installation 5 partnership 8 interactive time words to refer to the future.
3 availability 6 irresistible Example from text: ... by the time we reach the end of
the century ... (paragraph 4)
Examples:
2c Grammar in use Be sure to turn off the TV before you go.

As soon as I arrive at the train station, I will call you.
1 a) To present/practise the future tenses 2 To practise the future tenses

• Ask Ss to read the text and choose the correct • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
options. Remind Ss to justify their answers.
1 will inject 4 will have been running 1 A: are going to be = prediction based on what we see
2 will be using 5 is certainly going to inspire B: will grab = on-the-spot decision
3 will have visited
2 will be presenting = action in progress at a stated
time in the future
b) To present/practise the use of the future
tenses 3 A: Is Tracey going to come = for plans or intentions/
Is Tracey coming = fixed arrangement in the
• Give Ss time to identify the tenses in bold and
near future/
explain how we use them. Refer Ss to the
Will Tracey be coming = an action as a result of
Grammar Reference section (pp. GR4-GR5)
a routine
for more information.
B: will call = a promise, finish = simple present
• Check Ss’ answers. Write them on the board.
following a time word
31
Module 2
4 A: will be living = action in progress at a stated time • Direct Ss’ attention to the box in Ex. 4a and
in the future explain the task. Give them time to put the
B: will have discovered = action finished by a words in order.
stated time in the future • Check Ss’ answers.
5 will give = a promise Answer Key
6 A: Is Ted going to get = future plans and intentions A 1 C 2 E 3 G 9 I 8
B: will have been working = shows duration of an B 10 D 7 F 6 H 5 J 4
action up to a certain time in the future
b) To practise phrases expressing degrees
3 a) To present other future forms of certainty
• Elicit from Ss other ways they can think of for Answer Key
forming the future and write examples on the 1 H 3 C 5 G 7 F 9 J
board (i.e. We are to be in class by 9 o’clock. 2 D 4 B 6 E 8 A 10 I
We are not to talk when the teacher is speaking.
The train is due to arrive in half an hour. etc.)
c) To consolidate phrases
and refer them to the Grammar Reference
expressing degrees of certainty; to make
section (p. GR5) for more information.
predictions about the future.
• Give Ss time to complete the task and check
their answers. • Explain the task and give Ss time to think about
or write their ideas.
Answer Key
phrases used to imply the future: on the verge of,
bound to, due to, are to. Ss explain the phrases in their Suggested Answer Key
own language. Well, this summer, I’m positive that I will go with my
family to visit my grandparents; we’ve already booked
b) To practise using expressions that imply our tickets! Next year, I will probably have to study a lot
the future because I will be preparing for exams. I want to work
part time, but there is not much chance that I’ll have
• Explain the task and give Ss time to rewrite the
time. In the future, I’m fairly sure I’ll go to university, as
sentences.
long as I do well in my classes. It’s possible that I will go
to study abroad; that’s something that I really hope to
Suggested Answer Key do, so if an opportunity comes up, I’m almost certain I
2 Roadworks are due to start on the 3rd of March so will take it. I suppose I might have a career as a chemist
delays are expected. but I wouldn’t be surprised if I change my mind before
3 The next tour of the science museum is due to start then!
in five minutes.
4 A leading drug company has announced it is on the 5 To present it – there
verge of new cancer drug trials. • Ask Ss to find examples of it/there in the text.
5 Some top scientists are to meet in Rome this • Explain that we use It instead of an infinitive phrase,
weekend. with set expressions such as It seems that, for
emphasis, as an introductory object after verbs like
4 a) To present phrases expressing degrees love, hate, etc, and for distance, time, weather,
of certainty temperature. We use there with the verb to be
when we mention something for the first time. Refer
• Draw a line on the board with 0% at one end,
Ss to the Grammar Reference section (p. GR5) for
100% at the other end and 50% in the middle.
more information.
Next to it write a list: I’m positive, I’m almost
certain, it’s possible, it’s unlikely, there’s no way, Answer Key
I doubt, I suppose, I’m fairly sure, I wouldn’t be There’s one TV programme that … (paragraph 1)
surprised if, there’s not much chance. Elicit from It’s incredible to think ... (paragraph 3)
Ss where on the line each of the words belong. So it seems that ... (paragraph 6)
Explain the phrases if required. Refer Ss to the
Grammar Reference section (p. GR5) for more
information.
32
2 Module
6 a)
•
•
To practise it/there
Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
2d Listening skills
Answer Key
choice – short extracts)
1 ... made it clear ... 5 ... if there is
2 Is there any ... a chance ... • Ask Ss to read the Study Skills box and explain
3 ... find it exciting ... 6 ... like it when ... it to them. Then Ss read the rubric and
4 If there is ... , ... look for it. questions 1 and 2 and underline the key words.
• Elicit what each question is asking about.
b) To revise it/there
Answer Key
• Read out the example and then give Ss time to You hear two people talking about young children and
complete the task. technology.
1 Both speakers feel that young children
Answer Key
2 What do the speakers disagree on?
2 Experts now think that there is water on Mars.
3 It’s a bad idea to buy an SLR camera if you don’t Question 1 is asking what the speakers agree about and
know how to use it. question 2 is asking what they do not agree about.
4 Is there free Internet access in this café?
5 It seems unlikely that robots will totally replace b) To prepare for a multiple choice
humans. listening task
6 There are now a few similarities between sci-fi films • Give Ss time to read the extract, find what the
and real life. speakers agree and disagree on and answer the
questions.
7 To practise key word transformations • Check Ss’ answers.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. The speakers agree that children learn more easily but
Answer Key they disagree about whether they should be allowed to
have smartphones.
1 hates (it) when the telephone interrupts
2 certain we won’t be visiting 1 B 2 C
3 is bound to win
4 will have been working
2 To introduce expressions of agreement and
5 it hard to believe
disagreement
• Ask Ss to look at the underlined phrases in the
8 ICT To expand the topic and develop
extract and say which expresses agreement and
research skills
disagreement.
• Explain the task. Give Ss time to research a gadget. • Refer Ss to the Useful Language box and ask
• Ask various Ss to present their gadget to the class. them to replace the underlined sentences with
Suggested Answer Key sentences from the Useful Language box.
As seen in Star Trek - I think a great gadget for 2100 will
be a teleporter. This will be incorporated into our Answer Key
phones, which will be the gadget we will be using for I don’t know about that: disagreement
almost everything in the future. The teleporter I’ll go along with that: agreement
application would mean that we will be able to beam I don’t know about that: I’m not so sure about
ourselves to wherever we want to go. You will be able that/That’s not entirely true/right/I’m afraid I must take
to teleport yourself from your house directly to your issue with you on that/On the contrary
desk at work. There will be no need to have a car or to I’ll go along with that: You’re absolutely right/I think
use public transport. Your teleporter will only work on
so too/That’s all too true
you as it will be set to your own genetic code, meaning
that other people can’t access it. Teleporters will spell
the end for road traffic accidents and air disasters, too.
33
Module 2
3 To listen for specific information and gist Answer Key
• Remind Ss of the Study Skills box and explain the 1 What are your thoughts?
task. 2 It might be a good idea to
• Ask Ss to read the questions 1-6 and the possible 3 I couldn’t agree with you more
answers and underline the key words. 4 I see what you mean but
• Play the recording twice. Remind Ss to pay attention 5 Have you considered
to the underlined words as they listen and to listen to 6 We could I suppose
the whole dialogue before choosing their answers.
• Ss listen and complete the task. 3 To act out a dialogue using prompts to
• Check Ss’ answers. make/respond to suggestions
Answer Key • Explain the task. Refer Ss to the Useful Language
1 B 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 A box.
4 To expand the topic A B
• Give Ss time to discuss the topic in groups. Say the director has Give first suggestion.
• Elicit what schools could do to make science more asked for suggestions
interesting from various Ss around the class. and ask for B’s
opinion. Give opinion on the
Give opinion on the suggestion and make
I believe that science could be made more interesting suggestion and make another suggestion.
to students by teaching them about real research that is another suggestion. Answer the question.
being done. This would clearly show why we need to
Give opinion on the
know things about science, and what can be
suggestion and ask a
accomplished with it. Another way to interest students
question.
would be to teach them about famous scientists who
made important discoveries, and how they made them. Suggest writing down
Students could read scientists’ biographies or watch ideas and presenting
factual documentaries, for example. them to the director.
• Give Ss time to prepare and act out their dialogue

using the ideas in pairs.
2e Speaking skills • Ask pairs of Ss to act out their dialogue in front of
the class.
1 To predict the content of a dialogue
A: The Director of Studies has asked for suggestions
• Give Ss time to read the first exchange of the on how to raise the profile of the college. What are
dialogue. your thoughts?
• Elicit from various Ss what they think the dialogue is B: Well, I think it might be a good idea to hold an open
about. day.
Suggested Answer Key A: Yes, we could I guess, but I think we first have to
The dialogue is about students or employees of a update the prospectus. It’s a bit dated and could do
college talking about how to use the Internet to with a makeover.
promote their institution. B: I couldn’t agree with you more. We could redesign it
and make it more attractive and we could also
include interviews with students who could share
2 To complete a dialogue
stories.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. A: Great. I hadn’t thought of that. Why don’t we also
• Play the recording for Ss to check their answers. run a stall at a college fair? If we make it really eye-
catching we could attract a lot of potential students.
We could also have students there with tutors to
explain what life is like on campus. What do you
think?
34
2 Module
B: I think these are all great ideas. exercises via an app or electronic course book whereas
A: Let’s write them down and present them to the in the second picture the students are using the laptop
Director. to do research or type up an essay. Both are good tools
to make learning more interesting and stimulating and
4 To describe pictures both have benefits in education.
I think that tablets offer students a way to use apps and
• Refer Ss to the Study Skills box and ask them to e-books in a very fun and user-friendly fashion due to
read it. their touch screen interface. I believe the most
• Direct Ss’ attention to the three pictures and give significant benefit is that a tablet can boost students’
them time to describe them in pairs. Ss should talk interest levels and facilitate their learning. In a similar
about people, places, what is happening and how sense, laptops are beneficial as they offer an excellent
the people feel. tool for research and also high quality software for word
• Monitor the activity and then elicit a variety of processing, data analysis and presentations. In a similar
statements from Ss around the class describing the way to tablets, laptops also offer multimedia options
pictures. and games to enhance learning. The main benefit of
Suggested Answer Key laptops, however, is for older students, who have more
technical work demands. I’m convinced that both
The pictures all show people learning in different ways.
tablets and laptops make learning more fun and
Picture A shows a child in a classroom with a tablet
enhance academic performance.
computer. The child looks happy. Picture B shows a
man and a woman using an interactive whiteboard. The
woman is writing something on the board and the man 6 To assess and compare a model answer
is watching her. Maybe they are students in a tutorial Play the recording and elicit how similar/different the
and they’re working on a problem on the board. They model answer is to Ss’ own answers.
both look serious and are concentrating on what they
are doing. Picture C shows two people looking at a Suggested Answer Key
laptop screen. The boy is taking notes. Maybe they are On the recording, the speaker said a bit more than my
doing research for a project or an essay. They are also partner did, but overall they were quite similar. Both
concentrating and the girl looks very focused. answered the question. On the recording, the speaker
talks about the advantages of the technologies and
5 To compare two pictures compares their similarities and benefits, and my partner
did the same, focusing on a different technological
• Remind Ss of the Study Skills box to help them device. My partner used a wide range of vocabulary
with the task. Explain that Ss should say which two and grammatical forms. In terms of discourse
pictures they will talk about and then compare and management, the ideas were well organised and
contrast them and answer the questions in the balanced while raising some interesting points.
rubric.
• Give Ss time to complete the task in pairs.
• Monitor the activity and then elicit a variety of To personalise the topic
statements from Ss around the class comparing • Give Ss time to answer the question in pairs.
and contrasting the pictures. • Elicit a variety of answers from Ss around the class.
Suggested Answer Key Suggested Answer Key
I would like to compare pictures A and C. Both pictures In my experience, learning with interactive whiteboards
are similar as they show people learning with is the most effective way to learn. For one thing, it
computers. In the first picture, the child has a tablet means that you can work with groups of other students
whereas in the second picture the students are using a and easily share information and ideas. It’s much easier
laptop. The child in picture A looks much happier than to follow the progression of a lesson on an interactive
the students in picture C but that may only be because whiteboard when you can also see what’s going on on
the older students have some difficult homework to do. a large screen. It makes lessons more alive and
In my opinion, the most striking similarity between the enjoyable as you do not feel as if you are simply
two pictures is that both groups are using advanced following what the teacher says but taking an active
technology for educational purposes. In the first part in the lesson.
picture, the student seems to be using the tablet to do
35
Module 2
2f Writing
4
•
To introduce linkers
Refer Ss to the theory box. Give them time to
replace the linkers in the model with others from the
1 To analyse a rubric table.
• Go through the theory box on proposals with Ss. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Ask Ss to read the rubric. Suggested Answer Key
• Give Ss time to answer the questions.
Finally – Lastly
Consequently – In doing so
Answer Key In addition – Additionally
1 I am an English student who is writing a proposal to To begin with – First of all
the school director. because of – due to
2 The purpose of my piece of writing is to propose This way – In this way
how to spend funding to improve technology Therefore – Thus
facilities at the school, evaluate current facilities, for instance – for example
suggest improvements and outline the benefits for As a result – Consequently
students.
3 I should write in a formal style. 5 To practise using linkers
2 To read and complete a model proposal • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to read the model and fill in the Answer Key
missing words/phrases.
1 What is more – to add more points
2 In particular – to introduce examples/details
Answer Key 3 To begin with – to introduce the first point
1 As requested 6 Consequently 4 Therefore – to introduce effect/result
2 as to how 7 Finally 5 As a result – to introduce effect/result
3 To begin with 8 I propose 6 owing to – to provide reason and cause
4 it would be beneficial 9 In summary 7 In doing so – to introduce effect/result
5 In addition 8 Although – to contrast
3 To identify formal language and the main 6 a) To identify the purpose of proposals
topics of paragraphs • Give Ss time to read the beginnings and
• Explain the task and ask Ss to work in pairs. complete the task.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Check Ss’ answers. Answer Key
Answer Key 1 to suggest things to include in a school’s career fair,
… to make suggestions as to how … and explain their benefits
For this reason, I believe … 2 to evaluate existing science facilities and suggest
Therefore, I would strongly recommend … improvements
It can be equipped with …
I propose the school creates … b) To match the beginnings and endings of
I suggest that the funding should be used mainly to … proposals; to predict content
• Give Ss time to do the task and discuss in pairs.
Remind Ss to look at both the introductions and
A Purpose D Academic Support conclusions for ideas.
B Updating Equipment E Recommendations • Check Ss’ answers.
C Multi-media Room • Elicit ideas from Ss around the class about
content and possible headings.
Answer Key
1 B 2 A
36
2 Module
Suggested Answer Key 9 a) To analyse a rubric
A: I think in proposal 1 the main body will contain • Give Ss time to read the rubric and answer the
paragraphs each with an idea about something that questions.
should be included in the careers fair and its • Check Ss’ answers.
benefits. From the conclusion we can see that the
headings might be: Planning well, Guest Speakers, Answer Key
Setting up stands 1 The purpose of my proposal is to make suggestions
B: I think the main body of proposal 2 will contain a for activities for a school science and technology
paragraph about the existing laboratory and another week.
paragraph about suggested improvements. 2 The target reader is Mr Albertson, the head teacher.
Headings might be: The existing laboratory, 3 I should write in a formal style.
Suggested improvements 4 I should include information about the kinds of
activities, and their benefits.
7 To present and practise future and b) To evaluate plans for writing a proposal
hypothetical constructions
• Give Ss time to read and evaluate the two plans.
• Read through the theory box with Ss. Ss should support their opinions with reasons.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Check Ss’ answers.
Answer Key
Plan A is best because it answers the rubric. It gives
1 should, anticipate recommendations for future actions rather than
2 proposed, will have been completed, unforeseen evaluating past conditions. Also, it gives the reason for
3 look forward to, coming writing the proposal in the introduction, while Plan B
4 suggest, will receive does not.
8 a) To identify language style in writing 10 a) To match headings to content

proposals
• Refer Ss to the Study Skills box. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to read the two extracts and
choose the one written in the correct style. Ss Answer Key
should provide reasons for their choice. 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 d
b) To identify the main points of a
discussion
A is in the correct style. It uses formal structures
• Play the recording. Ss listen and do the task.
correctly and does not contain jargon.
b) To revise formal style in writing Suggested Answer Key
proposals
All points are mentioned apart from visiting science
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. workplaces to shadow a professional.
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to brainstorm on
Answer Key point d shadow a professional for a day, from
1 An effective method of heightening students’ Ex. 10a. Suggest Ss note down ideas about
interest what they would do, what they would see and
2 placements how they would feel if they spent the day with a
3 As a result, they would gain insight into science professional in his/her workplace.
4 enable them to grasp the benefits of following a Remind Ss that the point of brainstorming is to
scientific career come up with as many ideas as possible in a
5 dynamic science professionals short time, not to evaluate the ideas. Give Ss’ a
6 could also entice them few minutes to brainstorm, then elicit ideas from
Ss around the class. Ask Ss how they think they
would benefit from this experience.
37
Module 2
Science competitions
11 To listen for specific information
Secondly, science competitions would be worthwhile
• Play the recording. Ss listen again and take notes of additions to the programme. Students could work in
the benefits they hear. groups to carry out experiments. This will put students
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. in charge and increase collaborative learning and
Suggested Answer Key student participation. As a result, students will gain an
appetite for pursuing science.
1 Class trips to science museum
students have opportunity to closely examine Presentations from professionals
artefacts and exhibits – inspire interest in science Finally, we could invite science professionals to make
and technology presentations. They could perform shows or
2 Presentations from professionals experiments to highlight the fun side of science. This
give them insight into how necessary it is – motivate would not only help students to understand specific
students to become scientists professions but also develop scientists as role models.
help students understand specific professions – In this way, students gain an insight into the importance
create role models of science.
3 Science competitions Conclusion
possibility of winning a prize will motivate, help In summary, a visit to a science museum, science
students see science as a fun subject competitions and presentations from professional
increase collaborative learning and student scientists are bound to make a Science and
participation and appetite for learning science Technology week both beneficial and successful.
12 To write a proposal
•
•
Give Ss time to write their proposal.
Remind Ss to use the appropriate plan, linker,
Language Knowledge 2
phrases from the Useful Language box and ideas 1 a) To prepare for an open cloze task
from Exs 10a & 11.
• Ask Ss to check their first draft against the • Refer Ss to the Study Skills box. Give Ss time
Checklist, amending it accordingly if necessary. to do the task.
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check Ss’ Answer Key
1 preposition 3 quantifier
Suggested Answer Key 2 pronoun
To: Mr Albertson, Head Teacher
b) To prepare for an open cloze task
From: Emma Jones, student
Subject: Science and Technology week • Give Ss time to fill the gaps with the correct
Date: 24th June word and then compare their answers with a
partner.
Introduction
The purpose of this proposal is to suggest what
activities should be planned for a Science and Answer Key
Technology week at our college, and also to explain 1 in 2 which 3 few
how they would benefit students.
Visit to science museum 2 To practise an open cloze task
Firstly, I would suggest a visit to the Science Museum. • Remind Ss of the Study Skills box.
This would be an excellent activity for science week as • Give Ss time to fill in the gaps in the text.
it would introduce students to the topic in a stimulating • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
way. The museum has four floors of interactive exhibits
and has had excellent reviews. The museum’s artefacts Answer Key
and exhibits would be sure to inspire student interest in 1 Where 4 out 7 least
science and technology. 2 to 5 whose 8 these/
3 being 6 on such
38
2 Module
3 To practise key word transformations sharpen (v): to make sth better or clearer
• Give Ss time to complete the task. partition (n): a dividing wall
• Check Ss’ answers. potion (n): a drink with magical powers
portion (n): an amount of food for one person
Answer Key proportion (n): a percentage
1 have been imposed as a amend (v): to change and improve
2 spite of a lack of evidence enhance (v): to improve
3 didn’t/did not realise he had missed rectify (v): to put sth right
4 helped me (to) understand how to revise (v): (for texts) to edit
5 it be possible for you to underlying (adj): very important but not obvious
6 didn’t/did not manage to get starting (adj): of the beginning of an event
impending (adj): approaching
founding (adj): that establishes sth
4 To consolidate grammar structures
invest (in sth) (v): to spend money on sth
• Give Ss time to complete the task. devise (v): to come up with (an idea, plan, etc)
• Check Ss’ answers. fund (v): to provide money for sth
Answer Key grant (v): to let sb have sth
leave my mark on sth (phr): to have a remarkable
1 D (adv + adj)
effect on sth
2 D (adv – used to introduce a further negative
make a point (phr): to put forward an idea
statement)
position (n): sb’s situation
3 C (used to illustrate a point)
spot (n): a location
4 D (make + obj + inf without to)
dispense (v): to distribute
5 D (happen to do sth = should you do sth)
execute (v): to carry out
6 B (introducing a conditional)
operate (v): to function
7 A (modals in questions)
engage (v): (for machines) to move and fit into another
8 D (an action that will have occurred before
part
a stated time in the future)
unsatisfactory (adj): not good enough
9 D (it’s worth + -ing)
unsuitable (adj): inappropriate
10 B (be + to -inf to express formal arrangements in
insufficient (adj): inadequate
the future)
incomplete (adj): unfinished
11 B (inversion)
interface (v): to connect two parts of a computer system
interact (v): to make contact with sth
5 To consolidate vocabulary from the module integrate (v): to incorporate one thing into another
• Give Ss time to complete the task. interrelate (v): (of two things) to be connected with
• Check Ss’ answers. each other
contradict (v): to dispute sth
Answer Key oversee (v): to supervise
1 A 3 B 5 C 7 C 9 C 11 B facilitate (v): to make sth easier
2 C 4 D 6 A 8 A 10 C 12 D dispute (v): to argue with sb about sth
be on the verge of (phr): to be on the brink of doing
sth
be across the line (phr): to be beyond a mark
be at the edge (phr): to be at an extreme point
Language Focus 2
be on the horizon (phr): to be coming in the future 1 To consolidate vocabulary from the module
reception (n): the quality of a received TV or radio
signal • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
parameter (n): a measurable factor • Check Ss’ answers.
have access to sth (phr): to be able to use sth Answer Key
capability (n): sb’s potential 1 compiled 5 artificial
upgrade (v): to improve 2 conveyed 6 false
optimise (v): to make the best use of sth 3 conceived 7 counterfeit
enable (v): to make it possible for sth to happen 4 conducted 8 fake
39
Module 2
2 To practise phrases with make, do, have Grammar in Focus
and be
• Give Ss time to complete the task and to write their
own sentences. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it
• Check Ss’ answers. Ask Ss around the class to • Check Ss’ answers.
read out their sentences. Answer Key
Answer Key 1 Have you ever dreamed/dreamt
1 have 4 do 7 have/do 10 be 2 to become
2 make 5 do 8 be 3 it
3 make 6 have 9 have 4 more
5 uses
Suggested Answer Key 6 will prove
1 Advances in the field of robotics are sure to have a 7 have invented
long-term impact on us. 8 by
2 At the moment, researchers are making great 9 same
advances in the field of medicine. 10 will have gained
3 Dr Michaels studied the problem for years before he 11 Will we soon be travelling
finally made a breakthrough. 12 if
4 Scientists at the university do ground-breaking
research in medical technology.
5 This term, every chemistry student must do an
experiment of their own.
Progress Check 2
6 Ignoring the problem of global warming will have
far-reaching consequences. 1 To read for specific information (multiple
7 Neil has to go to the hospital on Tuesday to have an choice)
operation./The surgeon couldn’t talk to us because • Ask Ss to quickly read the text and the questions.
he was preparing to do an operation. • Give Ss time to read the text again and underline
8 The technological museum is well worth visiting. the parts that answer the questions.
9 The discovery of antibiotics has had a great effect • Tell Ss to choose which option best answers each
on our lives. question. Remind them to support their choice with
10 It is important for everyone to be computer literate material from the text.
nowadays. • Check Ss’ answers.
Answer Key
3 a) To practise forming nouns using the
1 B (ℓ. 5) 3 A (ℓ. 37-39)
prefix out
2 D (ℓ. 15-17) 4 B (ℓ. 41)
2 To practise vocabulary from the module
Answer Key • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
1 outbreak 3 outrage • Check Ss’ answers.
2 outlook 4 outcome
Answer Key
b) To practise forming verbs using the 1 elective 5 state-of-the-art
prefix out 2 artificial 6 wavelength
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. 3 conduct 7 demonstration
• Check Ss’ answers. 4 drawback 8 contest
Answer Key
1 outsource 4 outline (multiple choice – short extracts)
2 outnumber 5 outdo
3 outweigh • Ask Ss to read the questions and underline the key
words.
40
2 Module
• Play the recording. Ss listen and choose the correct Social media
answers. Secondly, increasing the college presence on social
• Check Ss’ answers. media would be very worthwhile. By using social
networks we could use hashtags and trending to raise
Answer Key
awareness of college activities. Consequently, young
1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A people would not only be able to take part in college
initiatives , but they would also share them amongst
4 To consolidate grammar from the module their friends. We could also create a video channel to
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. host videos about the college. This could lead to viral
• Check Ss’ answers. marketing campaigns, which we could use to promote
the college in a dynamic way. As a result, young people
Answer Key across the country and the rest of the world would be
1 bound to 5 It looks like interested in our school.
2 ’ll be lecturing 6 is about to, starts
Conclusion
3 It seems that 7 is going to buy
To sum up, updating the college website, and using
4 ’ll have finished 8 will have been studying
social media platforms are excellent steps to take in
order to raise the profile of our college and to attract
5 To revise everyday English expressions more students in the future.
• Check Ss’ answers. Competences
Answer Key Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
according to how competent they feel for each of the listed
1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b
activities.
6 To write a proposal
• Explain the task and refer Ss to section 2f for a
model, a plan and useful language.
• Give Ss time to plan and write their proposals.
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check Ss’
To: Mr Harper, College Director
From: Anthony Smith, student
Subject: Raising the college’s profile
Date: 3rd September
Introduction
The purpose of this proposal is to suggest ways that
computers and the Internet can be used to raise the profile
of the college in order to attract prospective students.
Updating the College website
Firstly, I would suggest updating the College website.
At present the webpages are quite basic and not that
appealing. Adding more detailed information and more
up-to-date photos would help. This way, we can better
inform students of their choices, and create a positive
user experience. Furthermore, we could include
interviews with present and past students giving their
positive experiences. As a result, prospective students
could get a feel for the college from a student
perspective.
41
Module 3 Widen your horizons

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of office 3c Grammar in use 46-47
personalities, jobs and working life, job qualities, vocational
training, problems at work. Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise the infinitive and
-ing forms, to revise/practise intensifiers, to practise key
Module page 41 word transformations
Lesson Objectives: to give an overview of the module, to 3d Listening skills 48
introduce key vocabulary for jobs and career satisfaction
Vocabulary: widen your horizons (the backstabber, the adaptor, Lesson Objectives: to prepare for a listening task, to listen
the workaholic, the slacker, the multitasker, the delegator, the for specific information
yes-man); nouns (working environment, salary/wage, level of
responsibility, supervisor, creativity, general job satisfaction, job 3e Speaking skills 49
recognition, future prospects, collaborative work, environment, Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
good job security, extra benefits) for giving and responding to advice, to act out a dialogue
3a Reading 42-43 giving and responding to advice, to negotiate and reach an
agreement
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for specific
information, to give your opinion based on a text, to write a 3f Writing 50-53
proposal with innovative business ideas
Vocabulary: nouns (mackintosh, obsession, vision, jumble, Lesson Objectives: to recognise formal and informal style
entrepreneurship, fleet, conversion, investment, fiver, mate, in letters/emails, to analyse a rubric, to recognise incorrect
snap, recession, dissertation, scholar, philanthropist, register, to analyse a model, to write a formal letter/email
ludicrous); adjectives (prime, uncanny, strenuous, impromptu,
daunting, carbon-neutral, consummate, irreverent, mundane,
Language Knowledge 3 54-55
gripping, assorted); verbs (launch, restrict, generate, expand, Lesson Objectives: to prepare for and practise word
freestyle); adverb (naively); phrasal verbs (rack up, pay off, add formation, to practise key word transformations, to
up, sign up); phrase (shrug my shoulders) consolidate vocabulary and grammar structures
3b Vocabulary 44-45 Language Focus 3 56

Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to jobs & Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
qualities, to learn words/phrases related to vocational on work and vocational training, to learn idioms related to
training, to learn idioms related to work, to learn prepositions, education
to learn phrasal verbs, to practise word formation Vocabulary: work (commute, recruit, dismiss, be committed
Vocabulary: jobs & qualities (tree surgeon, marketing to, keep pace with, exclude, take the initiative); vocational
executive, occupational therapist, refuse collector, insurance training (credentials, references, trainee, apprentice, toil,
broker, civil engineer, gruelling, unpredictable, stressful, secure, struggle, perk, bonus, prospect, potential); idioms (learn sth
rewarding, hazardous, stimulating, demanding, mind-numbing, the hard way, pass with flying colours, hit the books, make
workmate, workload, workplace, work station, job title, job the grade, pick sb’s brains)
market, job satisfaction, job prospects, job vacancy, job
description, get/be promoted, go/be on strike, be on a short- Progress Check 3 57-58
term contract, have job security, go/be on maternity leave, get
Lesson Objectives: to read for specific information, to listen
the sack, be made redundant, be self-employed, do voluntary
for specific information, to consolidate vocabulary &
work, get/have a pay rise, work/have flexi-time, go/be on sick
grammar structures from the module, to revise speaking
leave, do/work overtime, go/be on the picket line, work/do/have
skills, to write a formal letter
the nightshift); vocational training (college course, apprentice,
technical college, gain qualifications, on-the-job training,
position, trade, leadership qualities); idioms (show sb the ropes,
get your foot in the door, recharge my batteries, breathe down
sb’s neck, call the shots, call it a day); phrasal verbs (brush up,
be snowed under, wind down, catch on)
42
3 Module
Module Objectives Words of wisdom
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Widen your • Give Ss time to read the quotation and discuss, in
horizons and ask Ss to suggest what they think the module pairs, what they think it means.
will be about (the module is about jobs and working life, • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
education and learning). Go through the objectives list to
stimulate Ss’ interest in the module.
This quote makes a very important point about our
choices in our working lives and how they can affect
1 To introduce new vocabulary our overall happiness. It reminds us that picking a job
• Read out the list of office personalities and elicit or that we enjoy will give us so much satisfaction that
explain the meaning of the phrases. work won’t ever become a chore. In fact, if we spend
• Ask Ss to look at the pictures and read what each our lives doing the things that we love, then we won’t
person says and then match the office personalities feel like we are working at all. It also acts as a warning
to the pictures. to not make a bad choice that you might regret later.
Answer Key
1 B
2 F
3 D
4 C
5 A
6 E
7 G
3a Reading
1 To prepare to read an article
• Direct Ss’ attention to the article and give them time
• Ask Ss to read through the list of job advantages. to read the title and subheadings.
Point out that more than one answer is needed • Read out the question and elicit responses from Ss
each time. Then play the recording. around the class.
• Ss listen and decide what each speaker • Play the recording. Ss listen and read to find out
appreciates most about their job. more.
• Elicit answers from Ss around the class.
Answer Key
Text B stands out for me because it’s about the founder
1 working environment, creativity, general job of an online music channel, and I love music!
satisfaction Text D also stands out because I have no idea what
2 collaborative work environment, general job GiveMeTap is, and I am curious to find out.
satisfaction
3 level of responsibility, general job satisfaction
London Fashion Week is a clothing trade show. It is
3 To personalise the topic held twice a year in London, in February and
• Read out the question and remind Ss to think about September. It is one of the four most important trade
the factors in Ex. 2. shows in the fashion industry, along with New York,
• Elicit answers/discussion from Ss around the class. Paris and Milan.
MBE stands for Member of the Most Excellent Order
of the British Empire. It is a title which is awarded by
The most important thing for me in a career is having the British monarch. It is given to people who make
general job satisfaction. It’s true that earning a lot of contributions to the arts and sciences, or work with
money and having a large salary is very nice, but if you charitable and welfare organisations.
don’t enjoy the work or hate the working environment Bristol is a city in South-west England. It is the UK’s
then what’s the point? Personally, I think it’s much 8th most populous city and the second largest city in
better to be happy with what you’re doing, and to have Southern England after London. The electronics and
positive working relationships with your colleagues. I aerospace industries are important in its economy.
can’t think of anything better than a job you love that
has a nice collaborative work environment where you
feel satisfied and part of a winning team!
43
Module 3
2 To read for specific information (multiple 3 To consolidate new vocabulary through
matching) antonyms; to explain the words in bold
• Read out the Study Skills box on multiple matching. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Ask Ss to read the questions and underline the key • Check Ss’ answers.
words and then read the texts quickly and underline Answer Key
parts that seem to match the key words. Text A: likely ≠ improbable, wealthy ≠ broke
• Give Ss time to go through each question and Text B: refined ≠ raw, open-minded ≠ narrow-minded
choose which text it best matches. Text C: order ≠ chaos, loss ≠ profit
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers Text D: immovable ≠ portable, increasing ≠ reducing
using information from the texts.
Answer Key snap (n): a photograph
consummate (adj): very skilful
1 C (… he sought investment from his family and
irreverent (adj): disrespectful of what most people respect
friends…)
mundane (adj): boring
2 C (… he has already started another taxi company…)
recession (n): economic depression
3 B (… but I just shrug my shoulders…)
freestyle (v): to sing and dance on the street without
4 D (… yet something didn’t add up…)
having done any practice before
5 A (… she never liked the… mundane office
gripping (adj): captivating
environment…)
shrug my shoulders (phr): to raise my shoulders to
6 D (… thinks our… obsession… is little more than
show ignorance or indifference
cultural conditioning…)
pay off (phr v): to have the desired results
7 B (… looking at the competition will cloud your
assorted (adj): consisting of different items
vision and mess you up…)
dissertation (n): a research project prepared for a
8 B (… Jamal was given an MBE by the Queen…)
university degree
9 D (… I’m their poor mate. But it’s my choice…)
scholar (n): an academic person
10 A (… There’s a feeling that there’s nothing to lose…)
philanthropist (n): sb who consciously helps people in
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box and need
explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss add up (phr v): make sense
to use their dictionaries to look them up. sign up (phr v): to enrol for sth
Answer Key ludicrous (adj): ridiculous
prime (adj): very important
mackintosh (n): a raincoat 4 To explain the highlighted phrases
uncanny (adj): difficult to explain • Give Ss time to work in pairs and explain the
launch (v): to start highlighted phrases. Remind Ss that they can use
strenuous (adj): very demanding their dictionaries to check if they are unsure.
obsession (n): excessive interest in and worry about sth • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
impromptu (adj): on-the-spot
Answer Key
restrict (v): to limit
rack up (phr v): to gather a large number does what it says on the tin: for something to fulfil the
daunting (adj): intimidating claims made for it
vision (n): a mental image cloud your vision and mess you up in the long run:
jumble (n): different items mixed up stop you seeing things clearly and causing long-term
entrepreneurship (n): the quality of being a businessman problems
carbon-neutral (adj): that doesn't emit carbon fumes in a state of organised chaos: messy but with an
fleet (n): a company’s group of vehicles underlying order
generate (v): to create run off his feet: very busy
conversion (n): changing from one form into another to get stuck in a rut: to be unable to break a pattern or
investment (n): money to be used to start a business routine
naively (adv): easily believing that all people and things see the bigger picture: to have a clear overview
are good you’ll be kicking for yourself for not having thought
fiver (n): a British banknote worth five pounds of it: you’ll be annoyed for not having come up with an
mate (n): a friend idea yourself, usually because the idea is so good and
expand (v): to become larger so obvious
44
3 Module
sport was his sanctuary: sport was somewhere to • Give Ss time to research, make notes and prepare
escape to when life was difficult their presentations.
little more than cultural conditioning: something that • Ss’ give their presentations to the class.
is mainly caused because people adhere to cultural Suggested Answer Key
norms (it implies there may not be a good reason for it) The young entrepreneur I researched was Robert Nay. In
2010 Robert started his own computer game company
5 a) To find specific information in a text called Nay Games, and launched a new mobile game app
• Give Ss time to read the texts again to find each called ‘Bubble Ball’. In the first two weeks of the game
person’s inspiration and make some notes. appearing on download stores online it reached an
• Ask various Ss to explain using their own words. amazing 1 million downloads! Quite a feat for a 14 year
old with no previous computer experience! Robert told
reporters that he taught himself everything that he
Poppy Dinsey’s inspiration to start her own business needed to know by researching in his local library. Nay
might have been the recession and its impacts on life and Games now also provides games to help students with
the ways she could help people make the most of things. their reading, writing and spelling. This successful
Jamal Edwards’ inspiration to start his business came teenager has now helped young people all over the world!
after he received a video camera as a present. After
posting videos online, their popularity encouraged him Speaking
to try new things and develop his ideas further.
Nicko Williamson’s inspiration to start his business To discuss advantages and
came after he drove past a garage that did disadvantages of jobs
environmentally friendly car conversions. He loved cars • Give Ss time to discuss in pairs.
and wanted to make taxis greener. • Monitor the activity, then elicit answers/discussion
Edwin Broni-Mensah’s inspiration to start his business
came from his love of sport and a desire to offer a Suggested Answer Key
cheaper and more environmentally friendly option for A: One advantage of Poppy’s job is that she isn’t stuck
providing hydration. He also wanted to challenge and in a boring office all day.
change attitudes. B: Yes, her life does sound very glamorous. But it must
be hard work coming up with a new outfit to wear
b) To personalize the topic every day.
A: I suppose so, but it’s not the worst disadvantage
• Refer to the four young entrepreneurs and read
ever. Jamal must be doing very well financially as
out the questions.
he’s got a lot of subscribers.
• Give Ss a few minutes to think of their answers,
B: I agree, and he’s received recognition for his work too.
then ask various Ss to tell the class.
But he has had to put up with a lot of negative criticism.
Suggested Answer Key A: Also, it must be tough being a young boss. Nicko has
I was most impressed by Edwin Broni-Mensah, because had a lot of success, too, as his business is booming.
his motivation seems somehow the purest. Everyone B: Yes, he seems to be making lots of money. But he
needs to make money, but when it becomes the main goal, doesn’t seem to have any time for himself.
that seems to me to be slightly irresponsible. Edwin saw A: That’s true. He doesn’t. Edwin, on the other hand,
something that was causing a lot of problems, both to seems to have a lot of personal satisfaction from his
individuals in terms of expense, and also to the work.
environment, so he decided to see if he could change it. B: Yes, but not much in the way of money. Though it
His aim was to help everybody, not just himself. I think seems to him that satisfaction with your job means
maybe the secret to his success is that he put his vision more than money.
before his own personal reward. He had a really good idea!
Writing
6 ICT To expand the topic and conduct
To write a proposal for an innovative
another study
business idea
• Ask Ss to use the Internet to find information on
• Explain the task and remind Ss that they can come
another successful young entrepreneur. (Ss could
up with their own idea or use one of the ideas in the
search keywords such as young entrepreneur,
article.
young people business success etc)
45
Module 3
• Give Ss time to write their proposals. 2 To consolidate vocabulary from the text
• Check Ss’ answers. • Give Ss time to complete the task. Remind Ss to
• Alternatively you can assign the task as H/W. put the verbs into the correct form.
Suggested Answer Key • Check Ss’ answers.
To: The editor Answer Key
From: Claud Danes 1 launch 3 channelled/ 4 expand
Subject: Personal Training App 2 restrict is channelling 5 forge
Date: 17/01/2017
Introduction
3 To practise prepositions
The purpose of this proposal is to outline the idea for a
new innovative business and give an overview of the Give Ss time to complete the task. Check Ss’ answers.
business plan. Answer Key
The Innovation
1 together 2 off 3 up 4 from 5 up
In recent years, all aspects of fitness and sport have
become a massive industry and many new businesses are
exploiting the explosion of interest in health and fitness. 4 a) To introduce new vocabulary related to
One gap in the market is providing a way for fitness jobs and qualities
enthusiasts to get into contact with people who could help • Explain the task and give Ss time to match the
them with their diet and training. I propose setting up an columns. Check Ss’ answers.
app that will allow users to contact a coach or personal • Elicit from Ss which jobs are depicted in the
trainer suited to their particular sport for a monthly fee. pictures. Explain/elicit the meanings of manual,
Customer Base administrative and professional and which jobs
The app would be aimed at all sports and fitness are included in each category.
enthusiasts of whatever age or gender. There are many Answer Key
people who are interested in particular sports or fitness
1 c 2 e 3 b 4 f 5 d 6 a
regimes. The app must cater for all types of people and
sports by acting as a multi-interest platform. Picture one shows a civil engineer and picture 2 shows
Marketing a refuse collector.
The first step would be to set up a website that explains Manual = involving physical work rather than mental
how the app works and who it can benefit. The next work – tree surgeon, refuse collector
step would be to advertise the app among the fitness Administrative = related to work that is necessary to
and health community. This would mean advertising in maintain the operation of a company or organisation –
marketing executive, insurance broker
sports centres, leisure centres, yoga retreats and sports
Professional = related to work that requires skilled
stadiums. It would be a good idea to offer a cheap rate
training or higher education – occupational therapist,
for a trainer for a first-time user of the app.
civil engineer
Conclusion
In conclusion, with very little funding, a website and a b) To present and practise new vocabulary
well-designed, easy-to-use app this business could related to job qualities
prove to be very popular within the health and fitness
community, as it would offer a bespoke service suited • Explain the task and give Ss time to do it in
pairs.
exactly to each individual’s personal needs.
• Ask Ss in pairs to decide which of the adjectives
are positive and which are negative.
• Then ask various Ss to describe the jobs to the
3b Vocabulary •
class, giving reasons to support their views.
Note that unpredictable and demanding could
be seen as positive or negative.
1 To consolidate vocabulary from the text Answer Key
Positive Adjectives Negative Adjectives
secure, rewarding, gruelling, unpredictable,
Answer Key stimulating, unpredictable, stressful, hazardous,
1 strenuous 3 gripping 5 recession demanding demanding, mind-numbing
2 generate 4 investment
46
3 Module
Suggested Answer Key 9 There are various job vacancies advertised in this
A: … In my opinion, a marketing executive’s job would week’s Gazette.
be a bit unpredictable sometimes and demanding 10 The job description includes supervising other
because they have to do all sorts of different tasks workers.
involved with promoting and selling a product.
B: I agree. I would find it mind-numbing, personally, 6 To present and practise work-related verb
because all your time would be spent trying to phrases
convince people to buy something. An occupational
therapist’s job is very stimulating though, I would • Explain the task and give Ss time to fill in the
say, because you would get to help people with correct verb to form verb phrases.
injuries or disabilities. It would be really rewarding to • Check Ss’ answers, then give them time to write
help someone lead a normal life again, as well. sentences using five of the verb phrases.
A: Yes, but it could be quite stressful as well, as you • Ask various Ss to read their sentences to the class.
would be working with people who have great Answer Key
challenges to overcome and everyone would be
1 get/be 9 do
different. A refuse collector’s job is pretty gruelling
2 go/be 10 get/have
too, compared to professional work, because you
3 be 11 work/have
are lifting heavy things all day.
4 have 12 go/be
B: Yes, gruelling is the word I’d use too. An insurance
5 go/be 13 do/work
broker can have quite stressful work, I think,
6 get 14 go/be
because they have to make decisions about money.
7 be 15 work/do/have
A: I agree. A civil engineer, however, has a secure job
8 be
because few people are that highly trained. It might
be hazardous, though, working on construction Suggested Answer Key
sites. 1 Martin is on a short-term contract for the next few
B: You’re right, you have to be careful in an months.
environment like that. 2 Being self-employed sometimes means that you
never have time off.
5 To present phrases containing the words 3 He decided to leave his job because he had no
work and job prospect of getting a pay rise.
4 Martha chose a company that allows her to work
flexi-time as it makes managing her schedule easier.
• Check Ss’ answers and ask Ss’ around the class to
5 They are looking for a job candidate who is willing to
read out their sentences.
do overtime in the evenings and on weekends.
Answer Key
1 workmate 6 job market 7 To present and practice idioms in context
2 workload 7 job satisfaction
• Give Ss time to do the task and check their answers.
3 workplace 8 job prospects
• Elicit the meanings of the idioms, as well as similar
4 work station 9 job vacancy
idioms, if they exist, in Ss’ own language.
5 job title 10 job description
Answer Key
1 ropes 3 batteries 5 shots
1 My workmate is one of the hardest workers I know. 2 foot 4 neck 6 day
2 The workload this week is heavier than usual.
3 My workplace has a café and dining area for Suggested Answer Key
workers to eat. show sb the ropes: to show sb (who is in a new
4 We’re not allowed to put up personal pictures in our situation) how to do something or how sth works
work stations. get your foot in the door: to be able to enter an
5 Her job title is assistant line manager. organisation or company that could bring you success
6 The job market is very competitive so you need recharge my batteries: to regain strength and energy
good skills. breathing down sb’s neck: to be putting pressure on
7 Job satisfaction is very high up on my list of sb to complete work quickly
priorities. call the shots: to make the decisions about how things
8 It’s a career with excellent job prospects. will be done
call it a day: to stop working for the day and go home
47
Module 3
• Optional extension: ask Ss to write their own Suggested Answer Key
sentences using the idioms and then read their 1 One advantage of vocational training is that you
sentences to the class. would get to learn in a practical hands-on way, which
is preferred by some people. It would probably also
Background information be more focused on the subject, so you wouldn’t
Vocational training is a type of education that is have to study things that are not relevant to your
based on practical skills and knowledge directly professional goals. Also, you might end up with more
linked to specific jobs and careers. It is closely job security because people who know trades like
related to apprenticeship systems where young plumbing and electrical work are always in demand
people learn from working alongside and assisting an while some people with theoretical university degrees
experienced worker. Professions like carpentry, have less practical career options.
plumbing, electrical, auto maintenance, filmmaking, 2 Personally, vocational training interests me more
arts, music, business, sports, catering and tourism than university education. This is because I am quite
services all have vocational training. In the UK, a practical person and I enjoy a hands-on approach
vocational training often takes place at a technical or to learning. I also have ambitions to work in a
Higher Education college. specialised trade and the skills that I need as a
plumber are not taught on university courses.
10 To practise prepositional phrases.

8 To present and practice vocabulary related
to vocational training • Give Ss time to choose the correct preposition.
• Ss answer the questions in pairs. 1 for 3 towards 5 on
Answer Key 2 among 4 behind 6 on
1 course 4 trade 7 position
2 on-the-job 5 apprentice 8 leadership 11 To practise phrasal verbs
3 qualifications 6 technical • Give Ss time to complete the task.
Suggested Answer Key • Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II.
1 I think that taking a college course would enhance Answer Key
my job opportunities.
1 brush 2 snowed 3 wind 4 caught
2 I think that doing on-the-job training is better than
going to university. • Optional extension: ask Ss to write their own
3 I believe that sitting exams is a good way to gain sentences using the phrasal verbs and then read
qualifications for a job. their sentences to the class.
4 I would like to learn a specialised trade, such as
carpentry. 12 To practise word formation
5 I think that training as an apprentice is a useful way
to learn a profession. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
6 I would be interested in attending a technical • Check Ss’ answers on the board. Point out the
college to learn practical skills. correct spelling if required.
7 I would like a managerial position in charge of Answer Key
others. 1 maturity 5 enthusiastically
8 I have good leadership qualities and I enjoy 2 handle 6 Unfortunately
delegating. 3 combination 7 routines
4 psychological 8 willingness
9 To expand and personalise on the
topic of vocational training
• Give Ss time to discuss the questions in pairs.
• Monitor around the class and then ask some Ss to
tell the class.
48
3 Module
3 c Grammar in use
with let/make = infinitive without to (lets students feel)
to express purpose = to-infinitive (developed to create)
after a noun = to-infinitive (a chance to develop)
1 a) To present and practise infinitive/-ing
forms 2 a) To practise infinitive/-ing forms
• Write these sentences on the board: Sophie and • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
Ian like cooking. They could buy a birthday cake • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should give reasons for
for their mum, but they would prefer to make their answers.
one themselves. Elicit from Ss the theory
Answer Key
demonstrated in the underlined parts of the
sentences. (-ing form is used after verbs such 1 applying (-ing form after the verb consider), working
as like, love, enjoy, infinitive without to is used (mean + -ing form = involve)
with modal verbs, to-infinitive is used with 2 redo (infinitive without to after the verb make), to be
would like, would prefer, would love to express (to-infinitive in the expression to be honest), to pass
a specific preference). Elicit any other theory Ss (to-infinitive after the verb expect)
can remember about when to use the -ing form 3 to find (try + to-infinitive = doing one’s best), taking
and infinitives. Write examples on the board. (try + -ing form = doing something as an experiment),
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section present (infinitive without to after modal verbs)
(pp. GR6-GR7) for more information. 4 to have (to-infinitive after would like), to tell (mean +
• Explain the task and give Ss time to put the to infinitive = intend to)
verbs into the correct form and then compare
b) To practise infinitive/-ing forms
their answers with a partner.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Direct Ss’ attention to item 3 in Ex. 2a and elicit
the difference in meaning.
Answer Key
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section (pp.
1 to develop 5 to create 9 to attract GR6-GR7) and give them time to write sentences.
2 treating 6 feel 10 using • Ask Ss around the class to read out their
3 practise 7 working 11 to learn sentences.
4 to allow 8 teaching
Answer Key
b) To identify the uses of infinitive/-ing trying to find = (try + to infinitive = to do my best, to
form attempt)
• Give Ss time to go through the text again and tried taking = (try + -ing form = to do something as an
identify which form is used for each of the experiment)
functions. Suggested Answer Key
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section
I remember leaving the key in the door. – Did you
(pp. GR6-GR7) for more information.
remember to take the key out of the door?
• Write the functions on the board and elicit which
He stopped making a noise when they went to bed. –
form is used in the text. Ss should give examples.
Jim stopped to make a phone call.
Answer Key It is impossible for Nancy to go on studying so much every
after prepositions = -ing form (before treating) day. – She finished her project and went on to type it up.
to express general preference = -ing form (love using) I forgot to pay my phone bill. – I will never forget seeing
after would prefer, would love = to-infinitive (would my favourite band perform live.
definitely prefer to learn) I regret to inform you that we are not hiring at the
as a noun = -ing form (teaching) moment. – He regrets not starting his own business
after too/enough = to-infinitive (enough to attract) when he was young.
after certain verbs e.g. admit, keep = -ing form (keep
working) 3 To practise infinitive forms
after modal verbs = infinitive without to (could only
practise)
• Ask Ss to check their answers in the Grammar
after certain verbs e.g. refuse, promise, expect =
Reference section (pp. GR6-GR7).
to-infinitive (promises to allow)
49
Module 3
Answer Key like, agree, save, can, decide, deny, make, miss, quit,
2 Sally claims to have been working since 7 am. can’t stand, appear, decide, appreciate, learn, expect,
3 They hope to have finished refurbishing the office hope, should, ask, keep, plan, promise, let, shouldn’t,
by May. practise, feel, refuse, would prefer, explain, would love,
hear, could, suggest, admit, confess, fancy)
4 They appear to be studying hard.
5 He tends to be late for work (a lot).
6 They seemed to have been running a successful 6 a) To present intensifiers
business. • Write examples of an intensifier on the board: His
7 Liam appears to have missed the train. job is very interesting. He is a very clever person.
8 Alison seems to have been absent for a long time. He works very hard. Explain that very is the most
common intensifier and elicit from Ss any other
4 To speak about yourself using the intensifiers they can think of. Write them on the
infinitive/-ing form board. (i.e. extremely, really, particularly, terribly,
completely, absolutely etc.) Remind Ss to check in
• Give Ss time to work in pairs and make sentences the Grammar Reference section (p. GR7).
about themselves. • Give Ss time to read through the text again and find
• Ask various Ss to say a sentence to the class. three intensifiers.
Suggested Answer Key • Check Ss’ answers.
A: I regret turning down the job offer in New York. Answer Key
B: I look forward to going to university in September. Training plays a very important part in healthcare ...
A: I am thinking of applying for an internship at a (Para 1)
software company. ... have totally revolutionized teaching ... (Para 4)
B: I don’t mind writing essays during a term. I prefer it ... they would definitely prefer to learn ... (Para 5)
to exams.
A: I want to do a Master’s degree when I finish b) To practise intensifiers
university.
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should give reasons.
5 To correct grammatical mistakes in
Answer Key
sentences
1 very (greatly goes with verbs and participles)
• Explain the task and go through the example with Ss. 2 particularly (means the same as very)
• Give Ss time to correct the mistakes. 3 really (very does not go with strong adjectives)
• Check Ss’ answers. 4 completely (very doesn’t go with strong adjectives)
Answer Key 5 bitterly (collocation)
2 Having a break and taking some time to clear your 6 extremely (utterly goes with strong adjectives)
mind is the best way to find solutions to a problem. 7 absolute (absolute goes with nouns while really
3 When Terry heard the joke he burst out laughing. does not)
4 Being self-employed, she is used to having varied 8 greatly (greatly goes with verbs while extremely
job assignments. goes with adjectives)
5 It was my fault for not telling you about the change
to our schedule. 7 a) To practise intensifiers
6 We can’t wait to see you speak at the London
exhibition.
7 Scott is discouraged by not having the resources
that he needs to finish his project. Answer Key
8 In my job, I miss not being able to travel to other 1 extremely challenging 4 ludicrously expensive
countries like I used to. 2 bitterly opposed 5 entirely satisfied
• Optional extension: Play a game. Divide the class into 3 perfectly obvious
two teams and give each team a verb, in turns. If a
team correctly forms a sentence using the verb with b) To identify words that go with certain
the correct infinitive or -ing form, they get a point. If the intensifiers
sentence is incorrect, the other team gets a chance to • Explain the task and ask Ss to use their
answer correctly. Finally, the team with the most points dictionaries to find examples of other words that
wins. (Verbs: see, avoid, imagine, can’t help, would go with the intensifiers in Ex.7a.
50
3 Module
• Give Ss time to write their sentences. Answer Key
• Check Ss’ answers. to find a job
Suggested Answer Key to learn a new language
Extremely powerful – Richard’s team use extremely to try something different
powerful computers in their office. to experience a new culture
Perfectly clear – Mr Smith’s instructions were perfectly C is the correct answer because looking for a new
clear; why don’t you understand? challenge is a way to try something different.
Bitterly disappointed – Larry was bitterly disappointed A, B and D can be confusing because he says it is
to have been passed up for promotion. something people are doing, but it is not his main
Ludicrously difficult – The exam was ludicrously motivation.
difficult; no one in the class passed.
2 a) To identify what a question is asking for
8 To practise key word transformations
• Refer Ss to the Study Skills box and elicit/explain
• Give Ss time to complete the task. the differences between attitude, opinion, feeling
• Check Ss’ answers. and purpose [i.e. the presence of the infinitive in
Answer Key the options indicates that the question is asking
1 have worried about not having for purpose, adjs or advs that express feelings in
2 helped me (to)/allowed me to understand how to the options indicate that the question is looking
3 few people have heard of for feeling, opinion and attitude are very close in
4 to announce the meeting without confirming meaning but an opinion is what someone thinks
or believes, while an attitude is a feeling or an
opinion that is expressed as a behaviour].
• Give Ss time to read questions 1-6 in Ex.3 and
3d Listening skills decide what each is asking for. Ss should
explain the reasons for their answers.
1 a) To prepare for a listening task; to
identify what a question is asking for Answer Key
• Read through the Study Skills box with the Ss. 1 purpose 3 opinion 5 opinion
• Direct Ss’ attention to the question and elicit what 2 feeling 4 opinion 6 attitude
it asks for and what words helped Ss decide.
b) To identify key words in stems
Answer Key
Give Ss time to read the options and circle the
The question asks for the speaker’s purpose. The word helpful words. Check Ss’ answers.
‘incentive’ helped me decide.
Answer Key
b) To prepare for a multiple choice 1 to grow her skill set, to experience a new role, to
listening task; to answer a question develop her position, to fulfil a long-held ambition
Give Ss time to read the extract and answer the 2 surprised by how easily she fit in, frustrated by how
question. Check Ss’ answers. much she had to learn, determined to learn quickly and
work hard, overwhelmed by the new working practices
Answer Key 3 It was a welcome change from her usual kind of
Speaker B’s main incentive for training overseas was to work, That most of the work was not office-based, It
look for a new challenge. helped her to build her leadership skills, She
witnessed first-hand how valuable her efforts were
c) To prepare for a multiple choice 4 she feels spending time with them had a number of
listening task; to choose the best option benefits, it helped her get over her loneliness when
• Give Ss time to underline the key words and she first arrived, she has been lucky that they can
choose the best option. Check Ss’ answers. help her in her field of work, they are her source of
• Elicit from Ss why the other options might be information about the local area
confusing. 5 improving her language skills, discovering her
strengths, contributing to the solution of problems,
experiencing independence for the first time
51
Module 3
6 stop worrying about achieving success, aim to be • Get Ss to listen and check their answers.
better than everyone else, accept an invitation to spend • Ask Ss to work in pairs and read out the dialogue.
time abroad, make the most of life’s opportunities • Monitor around the class and then ask some
pairs to read out the dialogue in front of the class.
3 To listen for specific information (multiple Answer Key
choice) 1 Have you tried 4 I’ll give it a go
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and complete the 2 Why don’t you 5 If I were you
task. 3 it’s worth a try
• Check Ss’ answers. Play the recording again with
pauses for Ss to identify their mistakes and the 2 To act out a dialogue using prompts
correct answers. • Explain the task and tell Ss that they can use the
Answer Key dialogue in Ex. 1 as a model.
1 D 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 B 6 D • Direct Ss’ attention to Useful Language box and
ask them to use the phrases for giving and
responding to advice in their dialogue.
4 To talk about the benefits of going
on a job exchange abroad
A B
• Read out the question and give Ss time to discuss
in pairs. Ask how B’s Say it’s not going well,
• Ask various Ss to tell the class their opinions. studying is going. and why.
Suggested Answer Key Give advice. Respond to the

advice; ask a question
A: I think that taking part in a job exchange abroad can
or say why advice
offer a number of benefits. It can improve a person’s
Answer the question. won’t work.
self confidence greatly if the experience shows them
that they can adapt and succeed at things that are Accept the advice.
new or different. It can also make them more Give more advice.
independent if they see they can get by a long way Respond to the advice
away from their family and friends. Finally, it can open and thank A.
their minds to the fact that the world is a big place
and not everybody does things in the same way. • Ss work in pairs and act out their dialogues.
B: I think you’re right. I believe that people could also • Monitor activity and then ask various pairs to act
make valuable contacts because they would meet out their dialogues in front of the class.
lots of people in their field, who they could Suggested Answer Key
cooperate with in the future, perhaps.
A: How’s your studying going, Emily?
B: Not so good, actually. I stayed up really late last
night because I have so much to learn and so little
3e Speaking skills time left, but today I didn’t remember anything! I

wasted so many hours and I have nothing to show
for it.
1 a) To present phrases for giving and A: Well, if I were in your shoes, I’d revise for an hour
responding to advice and then take a break for at least a half hour. Then,
• Read out the phrases in the box. when you start again, review what you were
• Elicit which phrases can be used to give advice. studying before your break. That way you will
remember the information better.
Answer Key
B: Well, you have a point but I only have two weeks left
phrases that give advice: ...have you tried..., ...why before exams!
don’t you..., ...if I were you... A: I think it would be a good idea to try. It’s no use
covering a lot of material if you are too exhausted to
b) To complete the gaps and read out a
understand or remember any of it. You should
dialogue giving/responding to advice
decide what information is most important and
• Give Ss time to complete the gaps with the make a study plan.
phrases.
52
3 Module
B: I hadn’t thought of that, it’s worth a try. Do you think A: We have one more, an office. The way I see it,
you could help me put a plan together? students would have to learn to be organised, to
A: Of course. How about coming to my house to look follow instructions and to cooperate with others.
at my study plan so you can see what works for me? B: That’s exactly what I think. They would also learn
B: That’s a great idea! I’ll give it a go and bring my useful IT skills, and how to adapt to different roles, too.
notepad with me so you can give me some
suggestions. Thanks ever so much! b) To compare your answer to a recording
• Play the recording.
3 a) To discuss a given topic using prompts • Ss listen and compare it to their own answers.
• Direct Ss’ attention to the Useful Language
boxes on expressing opinion and agreeing/ Suggested Answer Key
disagreeing on the ideas that are provided. The recording was quite similar to our answer. I would
• Give Ss time to discuss in pairs and remind say they discussed each job more and went into more
them that they can add their own ideas if they detail with more specific examples. I also noticed that
wish. they asked each other more questions than we did. I
• Monitor activity, then ask various Ss to give their think that’s something we should try to do next time.
opinions to the class. We came up with a lot of the same ideas, though.
A: What do you think students would learn working in a 4 To answer a question related to the topic
clothes shop? • Read out the question and give Ss time to discuss.
B: Well, I think they could learn about how to deal with • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
customers, how to be dependable and responsible,
and maybe learn about fashion, too, depending on Answer Key
what they were doing. What do you think? A: Now, which experience do you think would have the
A: I think you’re right, but I think they’d learn how to greatest benefit for students?
handle money and develop their social skills B: It depends what they like, I think. If they liked
through interaction with customers. What do you fashion or cooking, for example, they’d benefit from
think they could learn working in a zoo? working in a cloths shop, or a bakery kitchen.
B: They would learn all about animals, of course! They A: That’s exactly what I think. Someone who loves
would find out what they eat and how to take care animals would benefit from working in a zoo, for
of them. They might also learn about endangered example. Or a student that wants to become an
species and what kind of conditions they need to engineer might learn a lot more working in a factory
live in. I think it would be a great job for a student production line – because he or she might end up
who wants to become a veterinarian. designing new machines one day.
A: Yes, I agree. But I don’t think they would learn B: Yes. I guess it totally depends on the individual. I don’t
anything in a factory production line! Personally, I think we can say any one has the greatest benefit
think it would be quite boring. because everyone has different needs. I also think
B: I’m afraid I disagree with that. Nowadays there’s a every job teaches students important things, such as
lot of hi-tech machinery in factories, and students interpersonal skills and how to be responsible.
could learn how automated production works. They A: Yes, I agree. Any kind of work experience would
could also learn a variety of tasks and skills that are teach important professional and life skills.
both practical and technical.
A: That’s true. I hadn’t thought of that. What about a
bakery kitchen?
B: They would learn to work to high standards and
show attention to detail. This is especially important
3f Writing
when making things such as cakes. 1 To identify phrases in formal and informal
A: I definitely agree. They would also learn to work style
under pressure and learn about food safety,
wouldn’t they? • Read through the theory box with the Ss.
B: Yes, that’s true. It’s very important in a kitchen. • Give Ss time to match the informal and formal
phrases.
53
Module 3
Answer Key b) To replace phrases that are in the
1 b 3 e 5 c 7 i 9 j incorrect register
2 g 4 f 6 d 8 a 10 h • Direct Ss’ attention to the model letter.
• Give Ss time to read the model and replace the
2 To choose the correct writing style for phrases.
different recipients • Check Ss’ answers.
• Explain the task and refer Ss to the theory box for Answer Key
more information. a 2 c 7 e 6 g 8
• Give Ss time to complete the task. b 1 d 4 f 5 h 3
Answer Key 5 a) To analyse a rubric
1 formal 4 informal 7 formal • Explain the task.
2 semi-formal 5 formal 8 semi-formal • Ss read the rubric and answer the questions.
3 semi-formal 6 informal • Elicit answers from Ss around the class.
Answer Key
3 To match beginnings and endings of semi-
The email should be written in a formal style.
formal letters/emails
It should have two main body paragraphs.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. Points that should be included: 1 Mr Stevens’ good
• Check Ss’ answers. points, 2 Mr Stevens’ weaknesses, 3 a final
Answer Key recommendation (whether you think he should be
promoted or not).
1 C 2 A 3 B
b) To recognise phrases with the correct
4 a) To analyse a rubric style for a formal email
• Ask Ss to underline the key words in the rubric • Give Ss time to read the email and underline the
and then elicit which words and phrases they correct phrases.
chose. • Check Ss’ answers.
Answer Key
1 Mr McCaskill
Suggested Answer Key 2 As per your request
You spent two months doing a summer job 3 with regards to
exchange in Madrid, Spain. You stayed at a 4 During that time
colleague’s house for that period of time. Write a 5 a variety of skills
letter thanking them for their hospitality and 6 key
explaining how much you enjoyed your stay and 7 enthusiasm for the work is evident
job experience. Write your letter (220 – 260 words) 8 Moreover
9 collaborates effectively
10 However
1 The person who is going to read the letter is the
11 on occasion
colleague who let me stay at their house.
12 Despite these issues
2 I am writing to express thanks for hospitality and
13 All points considered
explain why I enjoyed the stay and the job
14 an ideal candidate
experience.
15 recommend
3 I will write in a semi-formal style.
16 Yours sincerely
4 I will include 2 main body paragraphs. The first main
body paragraph (2nd paragraph of letter) will thank Paragraph A is the introduction
them for their hospitality. The second main body Paragraph B lists Mr Stevens’ good points
paragraph (3rd paragraph of letter) will explain how Paragraph C lists Mr Stevens’ weaknesses
much I enjoyed my stay and job experience. Paragraph D provides a final recommendation
54
3 Module
6 To identify the validity of a model letter 1 I am a newspaper reader writing to the editor.
• Read through the theory box with Ss. 2 I will write in a formal style as I’m writing to an editor
• Give Ss time to read the rubric and the model and of a publication.
decide if the points in the rubric are answered. 3 I will use Dear Sir/Madam – as it is customary to
• Elicit opinions from Ss around the class. address the editor of a paper in this way even if you
know their name. I will also use Yours faithfully – as
Answer Key all emails/letters that begin with Dear Sir/Madam
Yes, the model letter answers the points raised in the rather than a full name end with ‘Yours faithfully’.
rubric. 4 Points that I should include are my views on the
points raised in the article, and my opinions and
7 a) To analyse a rubric; to prepare to write a reasons. In particular, the benefits that employment
letter agencies offer over job boards and social media,
and the fact that they are not a waste of time.
• Ask Ss to read the rubric and underline the key
words. • Optional extension: Ss practise brainstorming
• Elicit the key words and then give Ss time to for ideas related to the prompt. Ask Ss to write
answer the questions. Check Ss’ answers. down Employment agencies – advantages/
Answer Key disadvantages and think of as many ideas as
they can. Give Ss a few minutes to brainstorm
You are exchanging jobs for a year with Jack and then ask them to share their ideas with the
Sanders, a colleague from the New York branch of class. Write all the ideas down on the board.
your company. Write him an email explaining what
your present job involves and stating the issues he
8 To write a semi-formal/formal letter or
needs to deal with on arrival as well as making
email
suggestions to help him settle in quickly.
Write your email (220 – 260 words). • Give Ss time to complete the task using the Useful
Language box and their answers from Ex. 7.
1 I’m a company employee going on a job exchange • Before Ss hand in their writing, they will complete
writing to my exchange counterpart. Ex. 9. Check Ss’ answers.
2 I will write in a semi-formal style as the person I’m • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check Ss’
writing to is a colleague and not a superior so I don’t answers in the next lesson.
need to be overly formal. Suggested Answer Key
3 I will use option B as these items are in the For rubric 7a:
appropriate register for a semi-formal style. Dear Mr Sanders,
4 I should include a job description, preparations for As you will soon be taking my place at our London
the job and advice and suggestions. office, I thought I’d write to you with some advice and
information about the job and settling in London.
b) To analyse a rubric; to prepare to write a First of all, my role in the company is personal assistant
letter to the managing director of the London branch. I arrange
• Ask Ss to read the rubric and underline the key Mr Cairns’ diary, appointments and see that he has all
words. the reports and figures he needs. The work isn’t
• Elicit the key words and then give Ss time to particularly difficult, but requires good organisational
answer the questions. Check Ss’ answers. skills. You’ll find Mr Cairns very pleasant to work with, as
Answer Key long as you are efficient and conscientious. Shortly after
you arrive, Mr Cairns will be travelling to Berlin for
Do employment agencies have a future? Some business, so the first thing you will need to do is book his
experts believe that employment agencies are in
accommodation and assist him with travel arrangements.
decline. With job seekers now turning to job boards
and social networking, employment agencies have I also have some advice on settling in that you might
become a waste of time. find useful. When you get to Britain, be sure to get your
insurance number and tax code as soon as you can.
You disagree with the negative opinions expressed The office secretary can help you sort out any
by the reporter and decide to write a letter to the
paperwork needed for your placement in the office. I
editor explaining your views on the points raised in
the article and giving reasons for your opinions. would make good use of her skills if I were you. I do
Write your letter (220 – 260 words) hope you find the accommodation in my flat to your
55
Module 3
liking. The neighbours are very friendly and are bound Answer Key
to introduce themselves when you arrive, so feel free to nouns: -ment, -acy
invite them in. The office also arranges social evenings adjectives: -ful, -able
at the theatre and restaurants, so I’m sure you’ll soon verbs: -ise
make friends. adverbs: -ly
If there’s anything else you need to know, just let me negative adjectives: im-, un-, in-
know.
Kind regards,
b) To identify types of words that are
Maria Gillis
missing from gaps
For rubric 7b:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing in response to an article about the future of
employment agencies that you published in your Answer Key
newspaper last week. I must say that I strongly disagree 1 negative noun 4 noun
with the negative opinion expressed by the journalist. I 2 verb 5 negative adjective
believe that employment agencies still have an essential 3 adverb
role, for a number of reasons.
Firstly, employment agencies can offer a very large
c) To practise word formation
network of contacts. This enables both job seekers and
employers to access a wide range of quality matches. • Give Ss time to complete the task.
As a result, these agencies are in a unique position to • Check Ss’ answers.
connect candidates to the right hiring managers. Answer Key
Furthermore, employment agencies help to prepare
1 inaccuracies 4 improvements
candidates for future jobs. They offer CV and interview tips
2 modernise 5 unreliable
to the people who come to them seeking employment.
3 regretfully
This means that job candidates gain confidence and feel
more at ease in the presence of potential employers. Words requiring two changes: inaccuracies,
Finally, employment agencies follow up on candidates’ regretfully, improvements, unreliable
performance. They give candidates prompt feedback Words that are negative: inaccuracies, unreliable
about their successes and weaknesses. In this way,
candidates can waste less time.
2 To practise a word formation
To conclude, I believe that employment agencies
continue to have a clear and beneficial role in helping the • Ask Ss to read through the text and decide what
unemployed seek jobs and for this reason are far from a type of word is missing from each gap before they
waste of time. Thank you for considering my views, and I do the task and remind them to read through the
look forward to reading others’ opinions on the issue. whole text when they have finished to make sure it
Yours faithfully, makes sense.
Scott Jones • Give Ss time to complete the task.
9 To evaluate your classmate’s writing Answer Key
• Ask Ss to swap their letters with a partner. 1 prospective 5 publicise
• Give them time to use the checklist to evaluate the 2 Unsurprisingly 6 unemployed
letter. Monitor around the class. 3 exposure 7 seekers
4 suitability 8 strengthen
(Ss’ own answers)

Language Knowledge 3 • Explain the task and go through the example with
Ss. Remind Ss not to use more than six words and
to use the word given in bold.
1 a) To prepare for a word formation task
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. • Check Ss’ answers.
56
3 Module
Answer Key demonstrative (adj): expressive; indicative
1 had no objection to monotonous (adj): toneless and boring
2 not worth taking uniform (adj): unchanging throughout
3 was caused by miscommunication level (adj): horizontal; flat
4 not doing what/as Michael (had) suggested threat (n): an intent to hurt
5 occurred to him to do peril (n): a danger
6 get used to waking up early hazard (n): a risk; a danger
take a risk with sth (phr): to take a chance on sth
opposite (n): sb completely different from sb else
4 To practise grammar structures
contestant (n): a participant in a contest
• Give Ss time to do the task. associate (n): a partner in a company
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers. rival (n): a competitor
remembrance (n): commemoration
Answer Key
reminder (n): a note that helps you remember sth
1 D brings out the best in sb = a set phrase recollection (n): recall
2 D sb is used to doing sth = sb is accustomed to memento (n): a souvenir
doing sth composure (n): self-control
3 B despite + ing form: ‘despite’ is a preposition that ease (n): lack of difficulty
expresses contrast and is followed by the –ing stability (n): firmness
form repose (n): a period of relaxation
4 D were caused: simple past, because the time is transform (v): to change sth totally
mentioned (morning’s delays); passive voice to transport (v): to take sb/sth somewhere in a vehicle
express what happened to the subject transmit (v): to convey an emotion
5 D under pressure = a prepositional phrase transfer (v): to move sb/sth from one place to another
6 C no longer = a set phrase which means in the one
past but not now revolve (around sth) (v): to go around sth
7 D will have been working: to put emphasis on the resolve (v): to find a solution to sth
duration of an action up to a certain time in the evolve (into sth) (v): to gradually develop into sth
future dissolve (v): to make sth become part of a liquid
8 C had no choice but to do sth: a set phrase uncommon (adj): unusual; rare
followed by a to-infinitive unaccustomed (to sth) (adj): not used to sth
9 A it is: exclamations are followed by statements unconventional (adj): not conforming to accepted
with the subject-verb order standards
10 C apologise for having done sth: ‘apologise for’ is unfamiliar (with sth) (adj): not knowing much about sth
followed by an –ing form, either present sparse (adj): widely spaced; not crowded
(missing) or perfect (having missed) scant (adj): inadequate; very little
11 C didn’t she: negative question tag after a positive slight (adj): very small
statement spare (adj): extra
12 D of whom: object pronoun usually following a primarily (adv): principally
preposition chiefly (adv): mainly
13 B have no intention of doing sth: a set phrase with greatly (adv): very much
a preposition followed by the –ing form basically (adv): essentially
incline (v): to have a tendency to do sth
5 To practise vocabulary elect (to do sth) (v): to choose to do sth
• Give Ss time to do the task. opt (for sth/to do sth) (v): to choose to do sth
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain or elicit the meanings adopt (v): to be the legal parent of a child
of any unknown words. collective (adj): done by people acting together
joint (adj): shared by two or more people
Answer Key mutual (adj): (of feelings, etc) shared
1 B 4 B 7 C 10 D 13 B communal (adj): public; for common use
2 D 5 A 8 C 11 C engage (sb in sth) (v): to involve sb in sth
3 D 6 C 9 A 12 C pursue a career in sth (phr): to keep trying to enter a
specific profession
57
Module 3
practise (v): to train in sth Answer Key
strive (v): to try hard to achieve sth 1 to fall/to have fallen = to-infinitive (either present to
talk generally or perfect for an action completed in
Language Focus 3 the past)

2 by – by accident = prepositional phrase
3 worked = past simple for a past state
4 living = -ing form after a preposition
1 To practise thematically related vocabulary
5 of – dropped out of = phrasal verb
• Give Ss time to complete the task. 6 giving = -ing form after a preposition
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit/Explain the meaning of 7 to chase = to-infinitive for expressing purpose
any unknown words. 8 abundantly – intensifier for an adjective (greatly
Answer Key goes with verbs)
9 It = a subject for the sentence
1 recruiting 5 took
10 more = comparative (more ... than)
2 commutes 6 exclude
11 do = infinitive form after a modal
3 keep 7 committed
12 will end up = future simple for a prediction
4 dismissed
2
•
To practise words that are often confused
Give Ss time to complete the task.
Progress Check 3
1 To read for specific information
Answer Key • Remind Ss to read the questions and underline the
1 huge 3 trainee 5 perks key words and then read the texts quickly and
2 credentials 4 struggle 6 prospects underline parts that seem to match the key words.
• Give Ss time to go through each question and
3 a) To present idioms related to the topic choose which text it best matches.
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers
• Give Ss time to match the columns to form idioms.
using information from the texts.
Answer Key
Answer Key
1 C (… but did it work?)
1 e 2 d 3 c 4 b 5 a
2 A (… yet when I went online… the only ones I
could find was a text book from 1963 and a …
b) To practise idioms related to the topic
dictionary…)
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. 3 D (… this was my first conversation in Lingala
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit/Explain the meanings of without a translator…)
the idioms if necessary. 4 B (… the stranger the imagery, the more markedly
Answer Key memorable…)
5 B (…engine is motele in Lingala. When I learned
1 make the grade
that word, I took a second to visualise a rusty
2 hit the books
engine revving in a motel room…)
3 passed ... with flying colours
6 C (… yet I had only clocked 22 hours and 15
4 pick his brains
minutes…)
5 learnt the hard way
7 A (… it was up to me to come up with my own
mems…)
Grammar in Focus
8 B (… the app refers to the words you are trying to
To consolidate grammar structures learn as “seeds”. Each time you revise a given
word, you “water” your “greenhouse”…)
9 D (… I did my best to tell him… but… my language
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
skills weren’t …. up to scratch…)
10 C (… my own pattern… worked liked this…)
58
3 Module
Answer Key
Background information 1 a 2 b 3 a
Mbendjele pygmies are indigenous people who live
in the Congo rainforest and are shorter than average;
6 To write a formal letter
men average less than 150 cm tall. They traditionally
live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
Congo Basin is the watershed of the Congo River, in • Check Ss’ answers.
west equatorial Africa. It has some of the largest Suggested Answer Key
undisturbed rainforest left in the world. It goes
Dear Mr Hodges,
through a number of countries: Angola, Burundi,
I am writing with reference to your plan to promote a
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic
summer work experience programme and to offer my
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo,
support for the initiative.
Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia.
Firstly, I would like to state that I believe it is vital that
Cicero was a Roman philosopher and politician. He
students gain some experience of the world of work
was born in 106 BC and died in 43 BC.
while still studying. It is no longer enough simply to
Bomassa is a town in the northern Republic of
have learnt a subject in theory but with no practice in it.
Congo, near the border with the Central African
There is no doubt that work experience will
Republic. It is known for its local rainforests, and
complement their learning if they seek employment in a
people are working to have the area designated a
field related to their studies. Therefore, any kind of work
national park.
experience will teach a wealth of skills that will be useful
for any future career, such as teamwork, responsibility,
2 To listen for specific information (multiple organisational skills and time management.
choice) It is indisputable that finding jobs after graduation is
becoming more difficult and more competitive. Any
• Play the recording. Ss listen and complete the task. experience that can give graduates a head start in the
• Check Ss’ answers. job market is to be welcomed. Another point worth
Answer Key mentioning is that it will help ground those students
who may have unrealistic goals due to a lack of
1 D 2 B 3 D 4 D
knowledge of the world of work. Those who think their
qualifications will mean they will immediately find a
3 To revise grammar structures from the well-paid job, need to learn the realities of life.
module I look forward to taking part in this scheme over the
• Give Ss time to complete the task. summer.
• Check Ss’ answers. Yours sincerely,
Janet Anderson
Answer Key
1 eating 3 do 5 complete Competences
2 absolutely 4 to leave
Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
according to how competent they feel about each of the
4 To consolidate vocabulary from the module listed activities.
Answer Key
1 brush up 4 mundane
2 surgeon 5 stimulating
3 dole
5 To revise expressions used for giving and

responding to advice
59
Module 4 Health Matters

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of well-being, 4d Listening skills 66
health problems/conditions and injuries, food and nutrition,
fitness and sport. Lesson Objectives: to prepare for a listening task, to listen
for specific information
Module page 59 Vocabulary: from script (general practitioner, obesity, hectic
lifestyle, nutritious, societal pressures, epidemic, tackle the
issue, starvation, muscle mass, bulk up, side effect, naturally
introduce key vocabulary for inner well-being
predisposed, physically unattainable, processed food)
Vocabulary: emotional health (diet, low in sugar, improve
quality, contribute to, social contact, overriding need, 4e Speaking skills 67
interact face-to-face, stress-busting hormones, relaxation,
sensory input, put the brakes on, activity, lift sb’s mood, gain Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
a sense of, sleep, take its toll on sth, mental sharpness, for expressing opinions & agreeing or disagreeing, to act out
wreak havoc, purpose, generate new cells, strengthen a dialogue expressing opinions & agreeing or disagreeing, to
immune system, maintain a positive outlook) express opinions based on visual prompts
4a Reading 60-61 4f Writing 68-71

Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for specific Lesson Objectives: to analyse a rubric, to recognise thesis
information, to do research about smiles statements/topic sentences & supporting details, to analyse
Vocabulary: nouns (womb, reflex, heritage, non-aggression, a model, to paraphrase, to practise techniques for
dopamine, endorphins, impact, evolution, primate, sincerity); introductions and conclusions, to write an essay based on
adjectives (enigmatic, therapeutic, mood-enhancing, mere, prompts
pleasure-inducing, transformative, infectious, unique,
distinct, essential); verbs (engage, postulate); phrases Language Knowledge 4 72-73
(mischievous smirk, beaming grin); adverb (regardless) Lesson Objectives: to prepare for and practise key word
transformations, to consolidate vocabulary and grammar
4b Vocabulary 62-63 structures
Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to well-
being, to learn words/phrases related to health problems, Language Focus 4 74
injuries and health conditions, to learn idioms related to Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
health, to learn prepositions, to learn phrasal verbs, to on happiness/fitness & sport/food & nutrition, to practise
practise word formation idioms related to sport
Vocabulary: well-being (cope with stress, disease, build up Vocabulary: happiness (beam, grin, chuckle, giggle, smirk);
stamina, undergo therapy, boost sb’s mood, speed up fitness & sport adjectives (exhilarating, invigorating,
recovery, daily/severe/emotional stress, alternative/non- hazardous, demanding); food & nutrition (fibre, minerals,
invasive/ongoing therapy, amiable/rotten/defiant mood, fatty, nutritious, appetite, bacteria, grains, calories, digestion,
dramatic/full/swift recovery, chronic/terminal/degenerative obesity); idioms (learn the ropes, be on the ball, go
disease, great/mental/physical stamina, splitting headache, overboard, be a long shot)
swollen glands, tear a muscle, throbbing pain, fractured toe,
dislocate a shoulder, relieve, heal, treat, migraine, sinusitis, Progress Check 4 75-76
cramp, arthritis); idioms (be as fit as a fiddle, feel out of sorts,
be given a clean bill of health, be back on one’s feet); phrasal Lesson Objectives: to read for specific information, to listen
verbs (pass away, clear up, wind down, pull through, ward for specific information, to consolidate vocabulary &
off, work up) grammar structures from the module, to revise speaking
skills, to write an essay based on prompts
Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise modal verbs, to make
speculations and deductions, to practice words and phrases
that express modality, to practise key word transformations
60
4 Module
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Health Matters This quote makes a very important point that health is
and ask Ss to suggest what they think the module will be more than just the absence of physical illness or injury.
about (the module is about health and well-being, health It states that our general health is made up of our
problems, food and nutrition and fitness). Go through the physical, emotional and social well-being, and therefore
objectives list to stimulate Ss’ interest in the module. all elements should be cared for and attended to. I
agree with this quote and believe that all these things
contribute to our happiness and well-being.
• Direct Ss’ attention to the pictures and elicit what
•
each picture shows.
Give Ss time to read the texts (A – E) and fill in the
gaps with the correct words.
4a Reading
• Check Ss’ answers around the class, explaining/
1 To introduce the topic
eliciting meanings of any unknown vocabulary.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class what they think • Direct Ss’ attention to the picture.
affects our emotional health. • Read out the questions and elicit answers to the
questions from Ss around the class.
Answer Key
Answer Key
A: 1 low 2 improves 3 contributes
B: 4 overriding 5 interacting 6 stress-busting The painting is called the ‘Mona Lisa’. It was painted by
C: 7 input 8 brakes Leonardo da Vinci.
D: 9 lift 10 gain
E: 11 toll 12 sharpness 13 havoc 2 To talk about different kinds of smiles
F: 14 generate 15 strengthen 16 maintain
• Read out the rubric to the Ss.
I believe a lot of different things can affect our
I would say that the woman has a mischievous smirk on
emotional health. For example, following a wholesome
her face. It’s just a small smile, which makes you
diet, having enough social contact, getting enough
wonder what she’s thinking. A beaming grin would be a
relaxation, doing plenty of physical activity, sleeping
wider smile that reveals the teeth and looks more
well and having a sense of purpose. All of these things
clearly joyful.
play an important part in our mental well-being.
3 To introduce the topic and prepare Ss to

2 To personalise the topic
read the article
• Ss work in pairs and answer the question.
• Read out the questions and elicit answers from Ss
• Monitor around the class.
around the class.
• Ask for volunteers to give their answer to the class.
• Then give Ss time to read the article for the first
Suggested Answer Key time.
I believe I am emotionally healthy because I come from Suggested Answer Key
a stable background and have a good relationship with
We smile for different reasons. To help with social
my parents and siblings. I also have a wide social circle
interaction and also to display our emotional state and
and lots of interests that keep me active, stimulated and
wellbeing. Smiling can have a strong impact on us and
happy.
has many therapeutic health benefits. It can be mood-
enhancing and lower blood pressure. Smiling also has
Words of wisdom
an impact on others as it can trigger similar
• Direct Ss’ attention to the quotation. Ask Ss to work transformative feel-good effects in the people around
in pairs and discuss their opinions about what it you.
means.
61
Module 4
4 To read for specific information; to find pleasure-inducing (adj) = that brings a feeling of
synonyms/antonyms enjoyment
• Read out the Study Skills box and explain how Ss transformative (adj) = bringing about changes for the
can approach T/F/DS statements. better
• Ask Ss to read the statements and underline the infectious (adj) = spreading quickly
key words.
• Give Ss time to read the text again and tick the 5 a) To consolidate new vocabulary through
correct boxes and find the synonyms/antonyms in synonymous words
the text. • Explain the task and give Ss time to find the
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers synonyms in the text.
with information from the text. • Elicit answers from various Ss around the class.
1 F (... because of the lasting power of her unique impact: influence (n)
and enigmatic smile) unique: one-of-a-kind (adj)
2 DS (no mention of specific scientific disciplines, so evolution: development (n)
we don’t know how many are involved) primates: apes (n)
3 F (even blind babies smile – this implies smiles are distinct: unconnected (adj)
not learnt because they cannot see a smile) sincerity: genuineness (n)
4 T (fear or readiness to attack ... a sign of non- regardless: irrespective (adv)
aggression) essential: vital (adj)
5 T (named after the scientist who ...)
6 C (Smiling has been recorded in babies in the b) To explain the meaning of phrases/
womb…) idioms from the text
7 C (It increases the level of reward
• Ss work in pairs to explain the underlined
neurotransmitters such as dopamine…)
phrases.
8 A (Smiling… is pleasure-inducing in and of itself.)
• Ask various Ss to give their answers to the
9 displays, therapeutic
class.
10 mischievous, sincere
Answer Key
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box on p. 61
and explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Something that lifts our spirits makes us feel happier or
Ss to use the word list to look them up. better than we did before.
In and of itself means alone, without anything else
Answer Key being required.
enigmatic (adj) = mysterious Grin and bear it means to put up with something you
mischievous smirk (phr) = a cheeky little smile don’t like, rather than complain about it.
beaming grin (phr) = a very broad and happy smile
womb (n) = the organ in a woman's body where a 6 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
baby grows until it is born
reflex (n) = a natural response to a physical effect • Explain the task and check Ss’ answers.
heritage (n) = a society's manners and customs • Elicit the words for the body parts in Ss’ own
passed on from one generation to another language.
non-aggression (n) = a lack of a desire to attack Answer Key
engage (v) = to use (a muscle to do sth)
ear, womb, teeth, lips, muscle, mouth, cheek, eye
therapeutic (adj) = healing
dopamine (n) = a body chemical that develops a
sense of pleasure 7 To consolidate what has been
mood-enhancing (adj) = that improves the way you learned and to use the Internet to collect more
feel information
endorphin (n) = a body chemical that relieves pain and • Explain the task and read out the three questions.
develops a sense of happiness • Elicit answers from Ss around the class and then
postulate (v) = to hypothesise tell the Ss to use the Internet to collect more
mere (adj) = only, simply information to answer their questions about smiling.
62
4 Module
• Give Ss time to research the topic and write about it Suggested Answer Key
and then ask various Ss to tell the class what they Smiling clearly captures our imaginations, but why do
have learnt. we smile? Some reasons include when we feel
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and ask Ss to happiness or want to interact socially, and the act of
tell the class in the next lesson. smiling goes far back into our evolutionary history.
Suggested Answer Key Although it’s a simple action smiling can actually be
quite complicated, also, because there are two different
Before I read the article I had heard that there were two
kinds of smiles with very different meanings. One kind
different kinds of smiles. I knew the ones that involved
is polite, and the other, which involves the muscles
the eye muscles were more sincere, but I didn’t know it
around the eyes, is more sincere and shows emotional
was called a Duchenne smile. I also knew that smiling
well-being. Even so, either kind of smile is good for our
when you don’t feel happy can actually make you feel
health. This amazing expression can even make us, and
happier. Something new that I learned from the text is
the other people around us, feel happier all by itself. So,
that babies smile as a reflex before they are born. I also
the next time you feel bad you should try smiling to see
didn’t know that smiles originated in primates. I would
how much it can help you feel better.
like to know more about how many muscles a smile can
use. In my research I found out that a smile can use
from 3 to 53 different facial muscles!
Listening & Speaking 4b Vocabulary

To talk about information from a text 1 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
• Play the recording of the text once. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Give Ss time to discuss the topic in pairs. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Ask various Ss to tell their ideas to the class.
Answer Key
1 infectious 4 mood-enhancing
A: The text discusses some very interesting points 2 mysterious 5 therapeutic
about smiling, a lot of which I’d never even 3 mischievous
considered! For example, the history of it and its
primate roots. For me though, I think the most
beneficial thing about smiling is the therapeutic 2 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
effects that it has on the body. • Give Ss time to fill the gaps with the correct form of
B: I totally agree! I knew it felt good but I never realised the verbs.
that it lowers blood pressure and increases the level • Check Ss’ answers.
of reward neurotransmitters such as dopamine. It’s
Answer Key
true that these are all very helpful, but I think that
the biggest benefit is actually how smiling can help 1 has captured 3 lifts
others feel. These infectious transformative effects 2 are displayed 4 revealing
can help everyone and for me are the most
beneficial aspects. 3 To practise prepositions
A: You’ve got a point. I agree with you actually.
Writing
Answer Key
To write a short summary
1 on 3 to 5 on
• Read the task aloud and give Ss time to write their 2 for 4 at
summaries.
• Ask various Ss to read their paragraph to the rest of
4 a) To present topic-related vocabulary
the class.
• Alternatively you can assign the task as H/W. • Give Ss time to complete the task.
• Check Ss’ answers and explain/elicit the
meanings of any unknown words.
63
Module 4
Answer Key c) To practise topic-related vocabulary
1 stress 4 therapy • Explain the task and play the recording twice, if
2 disease 5 mood necessary.
3 stamina 6 recovery • Ss listen and do the task.
b) To present health-related collocations
Answer Key
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Speaker 1 = sentence 2, swollen glands
Speaker 2 = sentence 4, throbbing pain in knuckles
Answer Key Speaker 3 = sentence 1, splitting headache
1 stress 3 mood 5 disease
2 therapy 4 recovery 6 stamina 6 To use new vocabulary to talk about
yourself
c) To practise health-related collocations
• Read out the rubric.
• Give Ss time to write their sentences.
• Ask various Ss around the class to talk about their
• Ask various Ss to read out their answers to the
experiences.
class.
Well, I’ve never torn a muscle, but I did twist my ankle
1 Severe stress can take its toll on a person’s health.
once when I was playing basketball. It swelled up and it
2 Anna prefers to use alternative therapies such as
hurt to walk for a couple of weeks. I put ice on it and
acupuncture rather than take pain medicine.
elevated it when I was at home, and I wrapped it in a
3 What’s wrong with Tom? He’s in a rotten mood
bandage when I had to go out. A friend of mine
today.
fractured his arm several years ago as well. He had to
4 Everyone was relieved when Alex made a swift
go to the hospital and have a cast put on his arm. I was
recovery after his operation.
worried about him, but after a few weeks, the doctor
5 Some chronic diseases can be prevented by
took the cast off and he was fine.
making lifestyle changes.
6 Working as a miner would surely require great
physical stamina. 7 To revise verbs related to health.
5 a) To present topic-related vocabulary • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. Answer Key
• Check Ss’ answers. 1 heal 3 relieve 5 relieve
Answer Key 2 treated 4 heal
1 splitting 4 throbbing
2 swollen 5 stubbed 8 To practise new vocabulary
3 tore 6 dislocated • Give Ss time to complete the task.
b) To categorise new vocabulary
Answer Key
• Explain the task and give Ss time to categorise
the health problems/injuries. 1 arthritis 3 cramp
• Check Ss’ answers. 2 migraine 4 sinusitis
Answer Key
9 To present idioms related to health
hands legs head/neck torso • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
throbbing torn muscle splitting dislocated • Check Ss’ answers. Explain/elicit the meanings of
pain in in calf, headache, collarbone the idioms as needed.
knuckles stubbed toe swollen
Answer Key
glands
1 b 2 c 3 d 4 a
64
4 Module
The idiom that matches the picture is: to be as fit as a could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, shall,
fiddle. should, would, will, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t, don’t
have to etc.) Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference
• Optional extension: ask Ss to write their own
section (pp. GR7-GR10) for more information.
sentences using the idioms and then read their
• Ask Ss to read the article and match the modals in
sentences to the class.
bold to their functions.
• Give Ss time to complete the task and then check
10 To practise prepositional phrases their answers. Write the modals and their functions
• Give Ss time to complete the task. on the board.
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix I. Answer Key
Answer Key must: deduction (positive logical assumption)
1 with 3 at 5 on can: possibility (general theoretical possibility)
2 on 4 in 6 of may: possibility (it is likely)
might: possibility (probably happened in the past)
can: ability (they are able to)
11 To practise phrasal verbs
don’t have to: absence of necessity
• Give Ss time to complete the task. could: possibility (it is likely)
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II. should: advice (it’s a good idea to)
Answer Key mustn’t: prohibition (you are not allowed to)
1 away 3 down 5 off

2 up 4 through 6 up 2 To practise modals
12 To practise word formation • Check Ss’ answers.
• Remind Ss that correct spelling is required. A: 1 d 2 c 3 b 4 a
• Check Ss’ answers on the board. These phrases express possibility in a variety of
Answer Key tenses.
1 gratefulness 5 relationships B: 1 d 2 a 3 b 4 e 5 c
2 identify 6 acknowledge These phrases express necessity/absence of
3 complaints 7 transform necessity in a variety of tenses.
4 consistently 8 meaningful
C: 1 e 2 b 3 d 4 a 5 c
These phrases express obligation in a variety of
tenses
4c Grammar in use 3 To differentiate between meanings of

similar modals
1 To present modals
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section (pp.
• • Write the following sentences on the board: Lisa
GR7-GR10) and give them time to complete the
is stressed about her exams. She told me./Lisa
task.
must be stressed about her exams. She looks
unhappy. Mike usually comes with us. / OK, Mike
can come with us. Elicit from students what is the Answer Key
difference between the sentences in each pair. (i.e. 1 a Criticism of a particular action. Jess stayed up
the first sentences in each pair are facts while the too late last Sunday.
second contain a modal and express opinion or b General advice. It would be a good idea if Jess
attitude.) Point out that modals do not have tenses went to bed earlier on Sundays.
in the normal sense and are followed by the 2 a Possibility. I believe that it was possible for me
infinitive without to. to beat my record, but I didn’t.
• Elicit from Ss as many modal verbs as they can b Ability in a specific situation in the past. I have
think of and write them on the board. (i.e. can, managed to beat my record.
65
Module 4
3 a Obligation. It is necessary for me to practise B: The woman in picture B must be a dietician. She
because somebody says so (i.e. the coach). might work in an office. She can create/must be
b Obligation. It is necessary for me to practise creating diet plans for clients. She must enjoy her
because I really want to win. (I decided) job because she looks happy. She must have
4 a Absence of necessity. It is not necessary for you studied nutrition at college.
to attend the gym session. • Optional extension: Ask Ss to use modals to
b Prohibition. You are not allowed to attend the speculate about what their family members are
gym session. doing right now. Ss can work in pairs, then various
Ss’ can tell the class.
4 To practise modals
7 To present phrases that express modality
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Ss should • Explain to Ss that there are other phrases that have
explain the meanings of the phrases. meanings that are similar to modal verbs. Elicit any
of these phrases that Ss might know, and write
Answer Key
them on the board. (i.e. be supposed to, be likely to,
1 must have finished – it is a positive logical let’s, how about, be allowed to, be bound to, would
assumption like to, etc.) Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference
2 can’t have been – it is a negative logical assumption section (pp. GR9-GR10) for more information.
3 might be - it’s possible • Explain the task and give Ss time to fill in the
4 needn’t have gone – it talks about sth that phrases and match them to their functions.
happened though it wasn’t necessary • Check Ss’ answers.
5 must be – it is a positive logical assumption
Answer Key
6 should be training – it expresses probability;
1 surely – implies probability
it’s almost certain
2 supposed to – implies obligation
3 be sure to – implies advice
5 To rewrite sentences using modals 4 unlikely to – implies possibility
• Give Ss time to write their sentences. 5 is bound to – implies certainty
• Check Ss’ answers. 6 allowed to – implies permission
2 Haley should/ought to have been here by now. 8 To find phrases that express modality
3 You mustn’t/can’t use the fitness studio without in a text
having membership.
4 I must/have to speak to an instructor before I use • Give Ss time to read through the text again and find
any new exercise machines. the phrases that express modality.
5 We needn’t/don’t have to/don’t need to book a • Check Ss’ answers.
table at the restaurant. It’s OK if we just turn up. Answer Key
6 You should/ought to/have to/must cut down on the
it’s quite likely that (paragraph 2), likely (paragraph 3)
amount of processed food you eat.

6 To use modals to make
speculations/deductions about pictures • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Explain the task. Draw Ss’ attention to the pictures
Answer Key
and the ideas in the lists and read out the example.
• Give Ss time to do the task in pairs. 1 was supposed to have given
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. 2 it be possible for the nutritionist
3 can be used or
Answer Key
4 it is likely that
A: The woman in picture A must have been exercising in
the park. She might/may be suffering from a pulled
10 To use modals to talk about yourself
muscle. She might not have/should/ ought to have
warmed up first. She definitely shouldn’t continue to • Give Ss time to do the task in pairs.
exercise. I think she ought to/should see a doctor. • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
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4 Module
Suggested Answer Key b) To prepare for a sentence completion
A: I think that I should have smiled more when I task; to brainstorm for words to fill a gap
was younger. Now I know that it’s beneficial and • Ask Ss to write down as many words as they
helps the body in lots of ways, but then I didn’t can that could be used to fill the gap.
realise. I could have made more of an effort to • Elicit ideas from Ss around the class.
be cheerful and outgoing with other people, but
I didn’t because I was quite shy. Also, I should Suggested Answer Key
have slept more when I was studying for exams. The gap could be filled with: mood, health, care, diet,
I ought to have slept for eight hours every night condition, recovery, outlook, treatment
and then studying probably would have been
easier and less stressful. What about you? c) To prepare for a sentence completion
B: I agree, I should have slept more during exams, task; to read for specific information
too. Especially last year. I was so tired • Give Ss time to read the audio script and then
afterwards. I could have started studying earlier, ask the questions in the rubric.
and gone to bed every night at eleven instead of • Elicit answers from Ss around the class.
staying up all night and trying to memorise
everything at the last moment. Also, I should Suggested Answer Key
have eaten less junk food when I was younger. Words from 1b) that were in the script: mood, recovery
Back then I just wanted to eat things that tasted Words in the script that are possible answers: attitude,
good; I didn’t worry about my health or my mood, stamina, recovery
weight. For example, I could have eaten fruit for The correct answer is recovery, because the text talks
snacks instead of sweets. about a patient being able to boost their mood and
A: You know, I may join a gym. That would make it stamina themselves, and states that the support of
easier to exercise, especially in the winter when friends and family is essential for their recovery.
the weather is bad. I definitely must exercise
more because I’m not as fit as I’d like to be. Also,
2 a) To prepare for a listening task
I may buy a vegetarian cookbook so that I can
learn to cook some vegetarian meals. I’m not • Ask Ss to look up the words/phrases in the
crazy about vegetarian food, but my doctor says Word List at the back of their books.
that I have to eat less meat. I know she’s right, so • Check Ss’ answers.
I must find some meat-free meals that I enjoy.
Answer Key
B: I think the cookbook is a good idea; you should
get it. I may stop using elevators and always general practitioner (phr): a family doctor
take the stairs instead. It’s a great way to get a obesity (n): the state of being extremely overweight
little more exercise, but it’s not easy because hectic lifestyle (phr): a frantic way of living
sometimes I feel lazy. Like you, I must get more nutritious (adj): nourishing
exercise. I’d like to lose a little weight. Another societal pressures (phr): social tensions
thing that I absolutely must do is take the time to epidemic (n): a large number of cases of a disease
relax more and take a break. I should try tackle the issue (phr): to deal with a particular
relieving stress by listening to calming music. problem
starvation (n): a lack of food
muscle mass (n): the total amount of muscular tissue
in the body
4d Listening skills bulk up (phr v): to put on muscle
side effect (n): a secondary unwanted result of a drug
naturally predisposed (phr): sensitive to sth by nature
1 a) To prepare for a sentence completion
physically unattainable (phr): impossible to do with
task; to identify word type
your body
• Read out the Study Skills box. processed food (phr): food with chemicals added to it
• Ask Ss to read the sentence, and elicit what
type of word is missing.
Answer Key
A noun is missing.
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Module 4
b) To prepare for a listening task; to Mum, then we could stop eating fast food. I have no
predict content idea how to cook, though, so maybe I need to learn.
• Ask Ss to read the title and sentences. B: That sounds like a good idea! There are lots of
• Elicit ideas from Ss around the class about what healthy foods that are easy to prepare.
they think the talk will be about.
I think the audio is going to be about people who • Ask Ss to read questions 1-4 and the possible
exercise too much. answers.
All of the missing words are nouns, except for the last • Play the recording twice. Ss listen and complete the
gap, which needs an adjective. task.
c) To listen for specific information Answer Key
• Read out the rubric and play the recording 1 A 2 C 3 A 4 B
twice.
• Ss listen and complete the sentences.
Answer Key 4e Speaking skills
1 knowledge 5 use/misuse
1 To predict the content of a dialogue
2 health 6 genetics
3 beautiful people 7 weight • Ask Ss to read the first and last exchanges in the
4 health complications 8 fit dialogue and then elicit Ss’ guesses as to what the
dialogue is about.
• Give Ss time to read through the dialogue and
3 To talk about healthy lifestyles
check if their guesses were correct.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. Suggested Answer Key
I think the dialogue is about teen obesity and ways to
improve diets and eating habits.
A: How healthy is your family’s lifestyle?
B: I think our lifestyle is quite healthy. A positive aspect
2 To present phrases that express opinions
of our lifestyle is that we have a very healthy diet.
and agreement/disagreement
We eat home-cooked food and we don’t eat
processed food. We also eat lots of vegetables and • Refer Ss to the Useful Language box and give
whole grains, and just a bit of meat, maybe once a them time to complete the task.
week. On the other hand, we’re all a bit stressed. • Check Ss’ answers.
Sometimes we argue for no reason because we’re
Answer Key
tired, especially my brother and I. My parents work
long hours, and my siblings and I study a lot. None I totally agree: agreeing. It can be replaced with
of us have much free time to relax. I think that’s ‘That’s true’.
something we should change. What about you? It seems to me that: giving an opinion. It can be
How healthy is your family’s lifestyle? replaced with ‘The way I see it...’
A: Well, we’re quite active, so we get exercise, and we You’ve got a point there: agreeing. It can be replaced
do things together as a family to unwind. For with ‘That’s a good idea.’
example, we like to go hiking in the countryside on I’m not sure: disagreeing. It can be replaced with ‘I
the weekends. Also, we laugh a lot and that’s so don’t think so.’
important for a healthy lifestyle! Our diet is good Personally: giving an opinion. It can be replaced with
sometimes, but not always. We do get takeaways ‘If you ask me’.
several times a week because Mum doesn’t have That’s true: agreeing. It can be replaced with ‘You’ve
time to cook. And I eat too many sweets and too got a point there.’
many packets of crisps, I know. So that’s not so The way I see it: giving an opinion. It can be replaced
good. We could improve our diets. I think we should with ‘For me’.
all take turns cooking, so the pressure isn’t all on You’re absolutely right!: agreeing. It can be replaced
with ‘Certainly!’
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4 Module
3 To express opinions about a topic 5 To express opinions based on prompts
• Direct Ss’ attention to the Useful Language box • Explain the task and remind Ss to use phrases from
and the prompts and remind Ss that they can add the Useful Language box.
their own ideas as well. • Ss work in pairs and answer the question, using the
• Ss work in pairs and discuss what teens should do prompts to help them.
to have a healthier lifestyle. • Monitor the activity and then ask various Ss to give
• Monitor the activity around the class and then ask their opinions to the class.
some pairs to discuss their opinions in front of the
class.
A: Well, personally, it’s my belief that society does
Suggested Answer Key pressure people to go to extremes to look good.
A: In my opinion, it’s important for young people to However, I don’t believe that how we look reflects
stay active if they want to have a healthier lifestyle. who we are. We are a lot more than just what we
B: I totally agree. It’s not healthy to spend too much time look like, our personalities and interests play a large
sitting in front of the television or playing video games. part, too. I’m sure that adverts do promote fit,
It’s essential to go outside and take a walk or play a beautiful people, but I think how much individuals
sport, or even go to the gym. But to tell you the truth, I are influenced by that can vary. The way I see it,
think it’s even more important to have a healthy diet. children who watch a lot of TV are particularly
A: You’ve got a point there. I suppose if you ate junk vulnerable to pressure to look a certain way
food all the time, you wouldn’t even have enough because of the images they are exposed to. I think
energy to exercise. It would be really difficult. I don’t most older teens and adults have realised that there
think managing stress is very important though. We is more to a person than their external appearance,
all experience stress, and it doesn’t do us any harm. yet we all get first impressions of people when we
It’s a part of life that can be important also, and first meet them, and these are based very much on
encourage you to work hard. how someone looks. Because of the power of first
B: Oh, I don’t know. I think a lot of people have far too impressions I think that fit and good looking people
much stress in their lives and it makes them may be more likely to be hired, especially for
unhappy, and not only that, it makes them more competitive jobs, but I believe once a person has a
likely to get ill because stress can suppress the job and his or her abilities become evident the
immune system! It seems to me that a bit of stress advantage disappears somewhat. It depends of
is fine, but constant high stress is a big problem and course on the type of job. Footballers and models
needs to be managed. For me, getting enough must have certain physical characteristics, for
quality sleep is the least important of these points. example.
Sleeping a lot seems kind of like a waste of time. B: I completely agree with what’s been said. In my
A: I don’t think so! Sleep is essential, especially for opinion, yes, I think society does put a lot of
young people. A lack of sleep affects our ability to pressure on people to look good. I think the most
learn in a negative way. It makes everyone more telling fact in this regard is the number of people
moody and irritable, too. who have elective plastic surgery in some parts of
B: You’ve got a point there, I hadn’t thought about it the world, in order to look like models look in
that way. adverts and posters. That’s the ultimate extreme, if
you ask me. I don’t think it’s common everywhere,
4 To express opinions based on visual only in societies where people are fairly wealthy.
prompts Personally, I find plastic surgery quite scary
because children can grow up comparing
• Read out the Study Skills box and ask Ss to look at themselves to others who are not actually ‘real’, so
the picture and read the quote. they might develop a set of expectations for
• Give Ss time to discuss in pairs. themselves that are not actually possible. It seems
• Monitor activity around the class and then ask to me that this has the potential to cause a lot of
various Ss to give their opinion to the class. suffering. I feel that it’s quite important to keep the
Suggested Answer Key definition of beauty broad and not narrow. We
shouldn’t all have to be the same to be beautiful.
After looking at the picture and the quotation, I think the
And we shouldn’t need to be ‘perfect’ to be
topic is about extreme exercise and the need to find a
beautiful, either.
healthy balance.
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Module 4
6 To evaluate a sample answer Answer Key
• Play the recording. 1 true
• Ss listen and evaluate the vocabulary, grammar and 2 true
manner of speech. Ss should make note of specific 3 false – You should write in a formal or semi-formal
examples. style
• Elicit answers from Ss around the class. 4 false – You must include two of the three methods
in your notes.
Suggested Answer Key 5 false – The opinions are there to give you ideas; you
The speaker uses rich vocabulary: pursuit of, defines, can use them if you wish, but you don’t have
associated health risks, portray, criteria, spend to.
inordinate amounts of energy, strike a balance, etc. 6 true
The speaker uses a variety of grammar structures such 7 false – You must provide reasons to support your
as: to-infinitive ‘seem to believe…’, present simple opinion.
‘defines…’, present continuous ‘are always striving…’ 8 true
The speaker uses a natural speaking manner
throughout the recording.
2 a) To identify a thesis statement and topic
sentences
• Read out the box and check that Ss understand
4f Writing •
the content.
Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
1 a) To analyse a rubric
• Go through the theory box with Ss and make Answer Key
sure they understand the contents. 1 E 2 B 3 C 4 A
• Give Ss time to read the rubric and underline the
key words. b) To identify examples/reasons/results
• Check Ss’ answers. supporting topic sentences
Answer Key • Explain the task and give Ss time to read
Your class has listened to a radio discussion about through the essay again to find the answers.
which methods governments should use to reduce • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
the amount of junk food that young people eat. You Suggested Answer Key
have made the notes below. Topic sentence B: First of all, plenty of options are
available to better educate teens about healthy living.
Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the Example 1 = provide resources and lesson plans and
methods in your notes. You should explain which help teachers organise special events
method you think is more important for governments Example 2 = pass laws that ensure healthy meals and
to consider and provide reasons to support your snacks for students
opinion. Result = help Ss establish good dietary habits and
avoid unhealthy foods
You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions
Topic sentence C = Alternatively, governments can tackle
expressed in the discussion, but you should use
the issue of exposure to junk food through advertising.
your own words as far as possible. Write your
Reason = adverts ... particularly persuasive to children
essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.
and teens
Example = one way to limit their impact would be to
introduce bans and controls
b) To analyse a rubric and correct false
Result = young people would not be influenced to
statements
consume junk food to such an extent
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it
in pairs.
3 To present and practise paraphrasing
• Read out the box on paraphrasing and check that
Ss have understood.
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4 Module
• Elicit which options have been used in the model, Thus: Consequently
then give Ss time to decide how they have been Taking everything into consideration: On the whole
paraphrased. Nonetheless, it is argued that: On the other hand, it is
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. said that
Answer Key Consequently: As a result
The first and second opinions were used.
The first main body paragraph uses the second opinion: 5 To practise linking words
‘There are many ways schools could help young people • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
make healthier food choices.’ • Check Ss’ answers.
This opinion has been used for topic sentence B, ‘There
are many ways schools could help young people make Answer Key
healthier choices’ has been paraphrased to ‘First of all, 1 First of all, For instance, As a result
plenty of options are available to better educate teens 2 On the other hand, for example
about healthy eating.’ Here, ‘there are many ways’ has
been changed to ‘lots of options are available’, ‘young
6 To present techniques for introductions and
people’ was paraphrased to ‘teens’ and ‘healthier
conclusions
choices’ was replaced with ‘healthy eating.’
The second main body paragraph uses the first opinion: • Go through the theory box with the Ss, then direct Ss’
‘Advertisements give the impression junk food is cool.’ attention to the introductions and conclusions in Ex. 6.
It is paraphrased to be used as the first reason in the • Give Ss time to read the introductions and
paragraph: ‘Adverts showing attractive, fashionable conclusion and match them up, and then match
people consuming unhealthy snacks are particularly each of them to the appropriate technique.
persuasive to children and teens.’ The sentence • Check Ss answers.
structure has been changed and keywords have been Answer Key
replaced. ‘Advertisements’ has become ‘adverts’, ‘give
1 B 2 C 3 A
the impression,’ becomes ‘are particularly persuasive’
and the idea of something being cool has been Introduction 1 uses technique F – presenting a
expanded to discuss ‘attractive, fashionable people.’ problem that needs a solution.
Introduction 2 uses technique C – addressing the
• Optional extension: Elicit from Ss which of the
reader directly.
options from the rubric was not used in the model
essay. (i.e. price increases was not used) and ask Introduction 3 uses technique D – starting with a
them to paraphrase it. quotation.
Conclusion A uses technique G – giving the reader
something to consider.
4 a) To identify linking words
Conclusion B uses technique H – ending with
• Direct Ss’ attention to the linking words in bold.
a quotation.
• Check Ss’ answers. Conclusion C uses technique I – ending with
a rhetorical question
Answer Key
introduce and add points = What is more
introduce reasons/examples/results = By doing this, 7 To present language for expressing
Thus, Consequently opinions
conclude = Taking everything into consideration • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
show contrast = Nonetheless, it is argued that • Check Ss’ answers.
b) To substitute linking words
Conclusion A – ...I’m sure that... – It may be replaced
• Refer Ss to the Useful Language box on p. 71 with – I strongly believe that....
and give them time to do the task. Conclusion B – It is my opinion that... – It may be
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. replaced with – it appears to me that...
Suggested Answer Key Conclusion C – I firmly believe... – It may be replaced
What is more: In addition with – it is my firm belief that...
By doing this: In this way
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Module 4
8 To practise language for expressing b) To prepare for a writing task;
opinions to paraphrase
• Explain the task and read through the example with • Explain the task and read out sentences 1-3,
the Ss. eliciting from Ss which opinions they match.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Give Ss time to write alternative paraphrases.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. • Check Ss’ answers.
2 While it’s true to say that both eating smaller portion 1 Matches the third opinion. (another way to
sizes and cutting out all sugary foods can help paraphrase: Having and maintaining a certain image
someone to lose weight, in my opinion, exercising is or look can lead to promotions and additional
more effective for weight loss. opportunities professionally.)
3 Some believe that taking part in team sports is 2 Matches the first opinion. (another way to
beneficial for young people since they teach them paraphrase: Some people feel that beauty increases
teamwork skills; however, doing individual sports their chances for popularity within the social groups
can be even more beneficial due to the fact that that they want to be a part of.)
they teach young people to become self-reliant. 3 Matches the second opinion. (another way to
paraphrase: People feel compelled to adhere to
9 a) To prepare for a writing task; to analyse beauty standards set by the fashion industry.)
a rubric • Optional extension: Ask Ss to brainstorm other
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. reasons why people might go to extremes with
• Check Ss’ answers. their looks. (i.e. peer pressure, insecurity,
teenage rebellion, wanting attention, wanting to
Suggested Answer Key fit in, wanting to feel part of a group, seeing
Your class has just attended a lecture on factors beautiful people on TV and in movies, some
which influence people to go to extremes with their illnesses such as anorexia etc.) Remind Ss that
looks. the point of brainstorming is to think of as many
ideas as possible in a short time, so they should
not worry about whether the ideas are ‘good’ or
Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the
not. Give Ss a few minutes to brainstorm then
factors in your notes. You should explain which
ask them to share their ideas with the class.
factor you think most influences people to go to
extremes with their looks and provide reasons to
support your opinion. 10 To write an essay based on prompts
You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions • Refer Ss to the theory on p. 68 and then give them
expressed in the discussion, but you should use time to complete the task using the Useful
your own words as far as possible. Write your Language box and their ideas in Ex. 9a & b.
essay in 220-260 words. • Remind Ss to use a thesis statement and topic
sentences, and to include techniques for
introductions and conclusions in their essay.
The two factors I will choose to write about are social
• Ask Ss to check their completed essay against the
standing and advertising. I believe that advertising is
Checklist.
the most important factor that influences people to go
to extremes with their looks.
1 I am going to write an essay. answers in the next lesson.
2 The target reader is my tutor.
3 I should write in a formal or semi-formal style.
4 The points which I should include should be two of Have you ever looked in the mirror and felt like having a
the three factors that are given in the rubric. change? Most people might try a new hairstyle or some
5 I should write four paragraphs. (introduction, 2 main extra makeup, but some go to even greater lengths
body paragraphs, conclusion) such as cosmetic surgery to change their appearance.
However, where does this pressure come from? There
are several reasons people go to extremes with their
looks.
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4 Module
First of all, advertisements show perfect models and 2 mistake = the negative form is required
this can make viewers feel that they should look better correction = Our community garden hasn’t been
themselves. Advertisements appear on television, the affected by the cut in funding.
Internet and on our city streets, so we see these 3 mistake = the wrong preposition is used
standards of beauty everywhere we look. As a result, correction = Sam’s decision-making is often
this kind of perfection begins to seem normal and this influenced by his friends.
can make people, especially teens, believe their
appearance is inadequate. What is more, many 2 a) To do a key word transformation task
advertisements have been airbrushed, so they are not
even depicting the models’ real features. Thus, people • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
end up trying to live up to impossible standards of • Remind Ss to use between 3 and 6 words, and
beauty. to use the word given.
Furthermore, it is a common belief that good-looking • Check Ss’ answers.
people have more friends. In particular, attractive Answer Key
people are likely to be noticed and talked about more
1 was nowhere to be
often. In this way, they may end up with more social
2 expected Steve to have arrived
contacts. On the other hand, true friendships take time
3 to be called off
to develop and personality is important. As a result, our
4 resulted in Jill having to
looks are not usually the determining factor in our
closest relationships. b) To do a key word transformation task
All things considered, I believe that advertisements
have the most power to influence people to go to • Explain the task and remind Ss not to change
extremes with their looks in order to fit in by changing the words given in any way.
our views of what is normal. After all, most of us know • Give Ss time to complete the task.
that our friends love us just the way we are; it is the rest • Check Ss’ answers.
of society we feel more insecure about. Answer Key
1 In view of last night’s heavy snow/the heavy snow
Language Knowledge 4 last night/the fact that it snowed heavily last night,
the fun run will have to be cancelled.
2 Gary paid no attention to his brother’s complaints
1 To prepare to do a key word transformation about the meal.
task 3 Sue would prefer to stay home and cook rather than
go to a restaurant.
• Explain the task. Remind Ss to be aware of the 4 In spite of not feeling well/the fact that he didn’t feel
word limit where it is present. well, Bob went to work./Bob went to work in spite
• Ss work in pairs to identify and correct the of not feeling well/the fact that he didn’t feel well.
mistakes.
Answer Key
a) 1 mistake = it has too many words (nine words • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
when six is the limit)
correction = extent will people be influenced by Answer Key
2 mistake = the tense has been changed to simple 1 D
such a + noun phrase + that
past when it should have remained present 2 C
Despite + -ing form
perfect 3 D
as if (phr) = like
correction = have been seriously affected by 4 C
adj + to infinitive
3 mistake = the word given has been changed 5 C
not only ... but
correction = seems incapable of staying 6 C
used to + past simple shows past habits, would
cannot be used with stative verbs
b) 1 mistake = the to/full infinitive needed to be
7 B the gerund after preposition to
added to the verb
8 B she tried her best = phrase
correction = He was made to pay the tax that he
9 C adv + intensifiers + adj
owed by the court.
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Module 4
10 A suggest + that + sb + bare infinitive bruise (n): a purple mark on the skin due to an injury
11 B inversion with were – noun – full infinitive rash (n): an area of skin covered in red spots
12 D modal + perfect passive stain (n): a mark not easily removed (usually made by
13 A participle clause (since it was completed ...) wine, coffee, etc)
14 B as much ..... as hinge (n): a point of connection e.g. in a door frame
intersection (n): a road junction
4 To practise vocabulary joint (n): a body part where two bones are connected
junction (n): a place where two roads meet
• Give Ss time to do the task. hoarse (adj): (of a voice) rough
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain or elicit the meanings coarse (adj): rough
of any unknown words. rugged (adj): uneven
Answer Key hefty (adj): big in size and heavy
come up with sth (phr v): to think of an idea
1 A 4 B 7 C 10 B 13 D
take up (phr v): to start a hobby
2 A 5 C 8 A 11 C 14 A
make off (phr v): to run away; to escape
3 D 6 A 9 D 12 A
fall in with sb (phr v): to agree with sb
insert (v): to put sth inside sth else brisk (adj): (of a walk) fast
exert (v): to put your influence, your power, etc to use bustling (adj): (of a place) with many people
assert (v): to state sth with confidence nimble (adj): moving quickly and easily
divert (v): to turn in a different direction agile (adj): flexible
sluggish (adj): slow-moving
flawless (adj): perfect
deficient (adj): lacking; inadequate
withered (adj): (of plants) dried and dying
Language Focus 4
decrease (v): to decline
1 To practise vocabulary for expressing
descend (v): to go down to a lower level
happiness
sink (v): to go under the water
subside (v): to wear off • Remind Ss to put the verbs into their correct form
subscribe (v): to sign up to sth and then give them time to complete the task.
prescribe (v): to write an order form for medication • Check Ss’ answers.
inscribe (v): to make words on wood, stone, etc
Answer Key
transcribe (v): to make a written copy of sth
comprise (v): to be made up of sth 1 chuckled 3 giggled 5 grins
constitute (v): to form 2 beaming 4 smirked
compensate (v): to make up for sth
conclude (v): to infer 2 To present/practise adjectives related to
defend (v): to stand up for sb/sth sports
debate (v): to argue about sth • Give Ss time to complete the task.
defy (v): to ignore • Check Ss’ answers.
defeat (v): to beat sb
evaporate (v): to become steam Answer Key
dissolve (v): (of a solid) to become part of a liquid 1 invigorating 3 hazardous
alleviate (v): to relieve 2 demanding 4 exhilarating
pacify (v): to make sb calm
radically (adv): extremely
3 To present/practise idioms related to sport
excessively (adv): too much
severely (adv): seriously; very badly • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
gullible (adj): easily deceived • Check Ss’ answers.
impressionable (adj): easily influenced Answer Key
approachable (adj): easy to talk to
1 ropes 3 overboard
susceptible (to sth) (adj): easily affected by an illness,
2 ball 4 shot
etc
sprain (n): a painful injury due to a sudden twist Ss discuss if their own language has similar idioms and
share them with the class.
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4 Module
4 To practise vocabulary related to food and 2 To consolidate vocabulary from the module
nutrition • Give Ss time to do the task.
• Give Ss time to fill the gaps with the words • Check Ss’ answers.
provided.
Answer Key
1 relieve 3 infectious
Answer Key 2 splitting 4 displayed
1 bacteria 6 appetite
2 digestion 7 fatty 3 To listen for specific information
3 grains 8 nutritious
4 fibre 9 minerals • Explain the task and ask Ss to read sentence stubs
5 obesity 10 calories 1-8.
• Play the recording. Ss listen and complete the
Grammar in Focus sentences.
Answer Key
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. 1 (famous) chain 5 excursions
• Check Ss’ answers. 2 (trainee) chef 6 (humble) potato
Answer Key 3 nutritious food 7 encouragement
1 can 7 helps 4 household 8 (local) council
2 It 8 do not choose
3 to start 9 are sitting 4 To revise modals
4 good enough 10 focusing • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
5 by 11 have shown • Check Ss’ answers
6 will be meditating 12 possible
Answer Key
Progress Check 4 1 can’t have/couldn’t have

2 Did you have to
3 must have
4 might/may/could
1 To read for specific information 5 To revise phrases for agreeing/ disagreeing

and giving opinions
• As Ss to read the questions and then give them
time to read the text and choose the correct • Give Ss time to choose the correct response.
answers. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Ss should Answer Key
justify their answers.
1 a 2 b 3 b
Answer Key
1 F he had appendicitis 6 To write an essay based on prompts
2 F ‘...Ikaria looks similar to any number of other
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. Tell
Greek islands.’
Ss that they can use ideas from the talk in Ex. 3.
3 DS
• Give Ss time to plan and complete their work and
4 T ‘The locals also feast on locally grown wild
then check Ss’ answers.
greens...’/‘ nearly everyone grows their own
• Alternatively assign the task as HW and check Ss’
food.’
5 B ‘...high quantities of beans...’ (beans=pulses)
and ‘...little meat or refined sugar...’ Suggested Answer Key
6 C ‘...digging the earth.’ Most people love to eat a delicious meal, but fewer
7 distinct, tend really love to cook. This is especially true among young
8 robustly, solidarity people, as they simply do not know how. Nowadays,
with rising levels of obesity in teens, it is essential they
have the skills to cook healthy meals for themselves.
Luckily, there are a number of ways to achieve this.
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Module 4
First of all, cooking can be incorporated into teens’ All in all, while both parental encouragement and
education. For example, schools could include education are effective methods to help teens acquire
mandatory cooking and nutrition lessons in their the skills to cook healthy meals, I feel that including
curriculums. In this way, every student would have the cooking in the school curriculum will make the greatest
opportunity to learn basic cooking skills. Schools could impact because not all families are able to provide
also hold fun cooking-related events, for example these skills on their own. And after all, aren’t schools
bringing in professional chefs to speak, or holding cake meant to provide students with the knowledge they
sales to raise money for trips or equipment. As a result, need to succeed in life?
students would come to see cooking in a positive light.
Secondly, parental encouragement can go a long way Competences
in promoting cooking skills. This is because young Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
people learn from their parents’ examples almost according to how competent they feel for each of the listed
subconsciously. So if cooking meals is a fun family activities.
activity, it will set them up for a lifetime of enjoying
cooking. On the other hand, not all parents are able or
willing to cook, so this method will not work for
everyone.
76
Cause for Concern 5 Module

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of modern social Vocabulary: social injustice & world problems (anti-social
problems, crime and punishment, social injustice and world behaviour, disadvantaged children, alarming rate, affordable
problems, and the environment. housing, youth detention centre, harsh punishment,
appalling conditions, deprived areas, prejudice and
Module page 77 discrimination, juvenile crime, recession, impoverished
communities, terrorism, malnourishment); crime &
punishment (trespassing, jaywalking, warning, ban,
introduce key vocabulary for modern social problems
securities fraud, a fee, compensation, embezzlement, hefty
Vocabulary: social problems (right to an education,
fine, licence, assault, manslaughter, trial, probation, libel,
sustainable development, gender inequality, extreme
fraud, murder, mugging, capital punishment, imprisonment,
poverty, developing countries, finite resources, earn on
vandalism, homicide, community service, sentence); the
average, sanitation facilities, renewable resources, public
environment (face reality/extinction/the facts, adapt to a new
infrastructure, reading support programmes)
habitat/to change, avert a tragedy/a scandal/a disaster, curb
5a Reading 78-79 emissions, pollution, the spread of, rainforest destruction,
endangered species, water pollution, climate change, toxic
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for cohesion and waste, nuclear industry, landfills, chemicals and pesticides,
coherence, to do research about “green jobs” greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, burning fossil
Vocabulary: nouns (borough, shed, heap, till receipts, fuels, deforestation, illegal logging, cattle farming, poachers,
offender, bugbear, tenant, nappy, sack, stench, disease, destruction of habitat, oil spills, marine dumping,
repercussions, chit chat, obstruction); adjectives (oozing, sewage); phrasal verbs (wipe out, break down, stand up to,
knotted, meticulous, split, leaking, sound, alleged, collapsed) call for)
adverbs (obediently, inexplicably, prematurely); verbs (haul,
disown, yield, rummage, be disposed of); collocations (bin 5c Grammar in use 82-83
bags, back alley, photographic eye, addressed envelopes,
Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise the passive voice and
waste disposal, registration number, incriminating details,
personal/impersonal structures, to revise/practise reflexive –
rotting food, charming smile, front lawn)
emphatic pronouns, to revise/practise the causative, to
5b Vocabulary 80-81 present substitution & ellipsis, to practise key word
transformations
Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to social
injustice & world problems, to learn words/phrases related 5d Listening skills 84
to crime & punishment, to learn words/phrases related to the
Lesson Objectives: to prepare for a listening task, to listen
environment, to learn prepositions, to learn phrasal verbs, to
for gist and specific information
practise word formation
Vocabulary: from script (the underprivileged, recession, the
bubble burst, compound, stark, knock-on effect, state
handouts, demoralising, default, confide, get sth out in the
open, put sth in perspective)
77
<None>
Module Objectives
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Cause for
5e Speaking skills 85 Concern and ask Ss to suggest what they think the
module will be about (the module is about social
Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language problems, crime and punishment, the environment etc).
for discussing causes/results of an issue offering solutions, Go through the objectives list to stimulate Ss’ interest in
to act out a dialogue discussing causes/results of an issue the module.
offering solutions, to do a collaborative task
5f Writing 86-89 1 To introduce new vocabulary

• Direct Ss’ attention to the web page and give
Lesson Objectives: to analyse a rubric/model, to practise
Ss time to read it and to fill the gaps with the
formal style, to practise linking words/phrases and
provided words.
structures, to practise techniques for introductions and
• Check Ss’ answers and elicit/explain meanings
conclusions, to write a report
of any unknown words.
Language Knowledge 5 90-91 Answer Key
Lesson Objectives: to practise multiple choice cloze, to 1 developing 3 average
practise word formation, to practise key word 2 finite 4 sanitation
transformations, to consolidate vocabulary and grammar A right C gender
structures B sustainable D extreme
Language Focus 5 92
2 To match solutions to social issues
Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
• Explain the task and remind Ss that they can
on law enforcement, to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
add their own ideas.
on the environment, to practice idioms related to social
issues
• Check Ss’ answers and elicit ideas for other
Vocabulary: law enforcement (plead guilty, reach a verdict,
solutions for each issue.
make an arrest, break the law, pay a fine, take the blame,
driving ban, suspect, suspend, acquit, pardon, accuse, Answer Key
blame, charge, sentence); environment (green credentials, A offer free reading support programmes at
reservoir, pollutant, game reserve, haven, shelter, deciduous, school/in the workplace (suggested answers –
paddy fields, evergreen, arid region, setting, finite resource, offer free meals at school so more poor
natural pollutants, organic, ecological); idioms (foot the bill, children will attend, make and enforce laws
on the fringes of society, spiral out of control, find oneself supporting mandatory education, provide
back against the wall, come to a head, in dire straits) transport for children living in remote areas)
B promote the use of renewable resources
Progress Check 5 93-94 (suggested answers – invest in recycling
Lesson Objectives: to read for cohesion and coherence, to schemes, make and enforce laws that penalise
listen for gist and specific information, to consolidate wasteful industries, encourage responsible
vocabulary & grammar structures from the module, to revise consumer behaviour)
speaking skills, to write a report C encourage companies to pay equal salaries to
men and women (suggested answers – create
awareness campaigns, educate children in a
way that minimises gender stereotypes)
D invest in public infrastructure (suggested
answers – make some changes to global
economy, make sure people in poverty have
access to education, provide food banks for
those in need)
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5 Module
3 To rank social issues in terms of Suggested Answer Key
their importance Perhaps all of these activities are things that an
• Explain the task and give Ss time to rank the social Environmental Crime Investigator has to do as part of
issues according to what they think is most his/her job.
important. Remind Ss that the question asks for an
opinion and there are not right or wrong answers. Background information
• Ask Ss to compare their answers with a partner. Enfield is a borough in north London which used to
Monitor around the class. be an industrial town but is now suburban and has
• Elicit orders of importance from various Ss around been redeveloped. About 330,000 people from a
the class and encourage discussion. mixture of ethnic groups live there.
While I believe it is difficult to say which issue is the 2 To read for cohesion and coherence; to do
most important, as they are all very serious, I’ve ranked a missing sentences task
the issues as follows: • Read out the Study Skills box and ask Ss to read
1 A: right to an education – because an education the missing sentences and identify the main point
gives people options and allows them to figure of each. Elicit the main point of the sentences from
out how to solve their problems for themselves Ss around the class.
2 D: extreme poverty – because poverty is the root • Give Ss time to read the article again and do the
cause of a lot of the other social problems. task. Remind Ss to pay attention to the meaning of
3 B: sustainable development – because destroying the text before and after each gap.
the environment harms plants and animals, not • Check Ss’ answers.
just humans. Answer Key
4 C: gender inequality – I ranked it lowest only
2 H 3 F 4 B 5 C 6 A
because solving the other problems makes this
one less likely to appear (poverty and lack of • Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
education both create gender inequality). Also, explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss
people have the most personal power to to use their dictionaries to look them up.
eliminate gender inequality in their own lives by Suggested Answer Key
not accepting it. borough (n): a municipality
oozing (adj): leaking out slowly
Words of wisdom knotted (adj): tied
• Give Ss time to read the quotation and discuss, in shed (n): a small outhouse used for storage
pairs, what they think it means. heap (n): a pile
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. meticulous (adj): attentive to detail; precise
split (adj): open
Suggested Answer Key leaking (adj): letting liquid out
This quote makes a very important point about how we till receipt (n): a bill of sale issued from a cash register
can deal with social issues in our societies. It reminds us offender (n): a criminal; a wrongdoer
that the responsibility to be a force for good falls to each bugbear (n): sth that irritates sb
and every one of us. If we want the world to be a better tenant (n): sb who rents a house/flat
place, it’s up to us to bring about positive change. obediently (adv): submissively
haul (v): to drag sth
disown (v): to refuse to acknowledge sth
nappy (n): a diaper
5a Reading sack (n): a large bag

yield (v): to give some information
inexplicably (adv): in an unexplained way
1 To introduce the topic and prepare for a
reading task
• Ask Ss to read the title and the introduction, then
elicit how the activities might be related to the job
of Environmental Crime Investigator.
• Give Ss time to read the text to find out.
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Module 5
3 To consolidate new vocabulary through 6 To answer comprehension questions
synonymous words/phrases on a text
• Read the words phrases in the list and give Ss time • Give Ss time to read the text again and write
to find their synonyms in the text. answers to the questions using their own words
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. without copying information straight from the text.
Answer Key
stench = strong smell Suggested Answer Key
prematurely = too early 1 When Patricia searches for clues, she looks for
rummaging = searching things such as addressed envelopes and labels or
repercussions = negative consequences receipts that could point to an individual or
sound = accurate and strong business.
disposed of = thrown away 2 I guess she won’t follow up any of these cases by
chit chat = friendly light-hearted conversation prosecuting them because they are first offences
alleged = said to have happened and maybe the people didn’t know better. I’m sure
collapsed = fallen apart she writes notes and keeps a record though, so if
obstruction = blockage the same people cause trouble again she can take
stronger action.
4 To consolidate phrases from the text 3 I believe one of the main skills Patricia needs for her
job is good interpersonal skills because she often
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. needs to deal with people in difficult situations. She
• Check Ss’ answers. would certainly need to be observant so that she
• Ask various Ss around the class to read out their can find clues, and she would need to be able to
sentences. stand disgusting smells and sights because she
Answer Key has to look through rubbish.
1 bin 5 disposal 9 charming • Optional extension: Ask Ss to imagine they are
2 alley 6 registration 10 lawn reporters who are going to interview Patricia Henry
3 photographic 7 incriminating and write down three questions they would like to
4 addressed 8 rotting ask her. Ss then exchange questions with a partner
and imagine they are Patricia Henry. Ss should use
the information in the text and their own ideas to
1 The crime scene was full of incriminating evidence answer their partner’s questions.
left by the criminal.
2 The stench of rotting food drifted up from the pile of
black bin bags. 7 To expand the topic; to present a green job
3 Back alleys can often be dark and unpleasant to the class
places. • Explain the task.
4 Many people take pride in keeping their front lawns • Give Ss time to research online, make notes, and
in good condition. prepare their presentations.
• Ask Ss to give their presentations to the class.
5 To explain underlined phrases/sentences Suggested Answer Key
from a text
Ecologist
• Give Ss time to discuss in pairs and monitor activity What the job entails: ecologists are scientists who
around the class. study how all the animals and plants in the ecosystem
• Elicit the meanings of the underlined phrases/ live together and interact. They study the relationship
sentences from various pairs. between living things and their environment.
Suggested Answer Key How it helps the environment: This job is important
because ecologists study how a healthy ecosystem
‘The stench is so thick I can almost taste it’ is used to
works, and as a result they can monitor any changes that
describe a smell that is very strong and overpowering; it’s
might take place that threaten it. Ecologists often carry
an expression that leaves an impression on the reader.
out environmental impact assessments when any kind of
‘During some apparently innocent social chit chat’
development or building project is going to take place to
means that they were talking casually, but it wasn’t
insure the environment is not damaged: in particular, any
really as innocent as it seemed because Patricia was
building projects such as motorways, dams or housing
trying to find something out.
near rural or environmentally important areas.
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5 Module
Writing
According to the United Nations Environment To personalise the topic
Programme, green jobs include ‘work in agricultural, • Give Ss a few minutes to think about their answers
manufacturing, research and development, and write a few sentences.
administrative, and service activities that contribute • Ask various Ss to read out their comments to the class.
substantially to preserving or restoring environmental
quality. Specifically, but not exclusively, this includes Suggested Answer Key
jobs that help to protect ecosystems and biodiversity; This is a great article and Ms Henry does a great job for
reduce energy, materials, and water consumption the community. I believe the most important thing we
through high efficiency strategies; de-carbonise the can do to prevent the kind of crimes that she
economy; and minimise or altogether avoid investigates is to educate people. I think a lot of the
generation of all forms of waste and pollution.’ individuals who dispose of their rubbish in an
irresponsible way simply don’t know what to do with it.
Suggested Answer Key Community clean-up programmes, where residents
A: I would say that Patricia Henry has got an meet up and clean up public spaces together, might
interesting job. I think it is a good job because it is help, too. If an area is full of rubbish, people might not
varied and not boring, and also she is bother to put their own rubbish where they are
accomplishing something important. It would supposed to, while if it is clean and nice, I’m sure they
certainly have some challenges, though. The would be more motivated to keep it that way.
biggest challenge must be that she has to go to
dirty places and deal with disgusting things.
B: Yes, this is why I would never want to do a job like
this. I wouldn’t like going through old discarded bin
bags. The smell would probably be too much for
5b Vocabulary
me. 1 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
A: But it sounds like the smell is something she has got • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
used to and doesn’t even notice. • Check Ss’ answers.
B: I don’t think I could ever get used to the smell of
rubbish. Another challenge she faces is that she has Answer Key
to deal with all kinds of people. Some are probably 1 patrols 4 incriminating
unfriendly and uncooperative, so she would need 2 disposal 5 prosecution
strong interpersonal skills for interacting with 3 stinking 6 dumping
people. It could be very difficult.
A: Well, I think she likes interacting with people, so that
2 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
isn’t much of a challenge for her. I guess it would be
for some people, though. I think she is doing a very • Give Ss time to complete the task.
important job because it directly impacts lots of • Check Ss’ answers.
people’s quality of life, as well as the environment. Answer Key
B: I completely agree with that – it’s an extremely
1 burst 3 knotted 5 alert
important job. I still wouldn’t want to have this job,
2 Rummaging 4 yield
though, personally.
Speaking 3 a) To present and practise topic-related
vocabulary
To personalise the topic
• Give Ss time to discuss the questions in pairs and • Give Ss time to fill the gaps with the words from
monitor activity around the class. the box.
• Ask various Ss to give their opinions to the class. • Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit the meanings of
any unknown words.
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Module 5
Answer Key B: Yes, I agree. I think compensation would also be a
1 anti-social 5 detention good punishment for someone who commits fraud.
2 disadvantaged 6 harsh They should return what they stole, and pay more
3 alarming 7 appalling on top of that, too.
4 affordable 8 deprived A: Well, I think fraud is quite a serious crime. I agree
that they should pay compensation, but I also think
they should be given a prison sentence. What do
b) To categorise topic-related vocabulary
you think about mugging?
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. B: Mugging is a very serious crime, so I think the
• Check Ss’ answers. mugger should definitely go to jail.
A: Yes, I totally agree that a prison sentence is an
Answer Key
appropriate punishment.
1 A 2 D 3 C 4 F 5 E 6 B
6 a) To present and practise collocations

4 To present and practise topic-related related to the environment
vocabulary
• Give Ss time to choose the correct item. • Check Ss’ answers.
Answer Key
Answer Key
1 face 2 adapt 3 avert 4 curb
1 trespassing, warning
2 embezzlement, fine
3 manslaughter, probation b) To use collocations related to the
4 libel, compensation environment in context
5 murder, punishment • Give Ss time to complete the sentences and
6 vandalism, service then write sentences of their own.
5 a) To consolidate topic-related vocabulary Answer Key
• Explain the task and refer Ss to the crimes in Ex. 1 curbing emissions 3 facing extinction
4. 2 avert a disaster 4 adapt to a new habitat
• Play the recording, twice if necessary. Ss listen
and match the speakers to the crimes.
• Check Ss’ answers. It’s important to face reality; we have limited natural
resources and we must conserve them.
Answer Key It’s time to face the facts; global warming has been
Speaker 1 – libel scientifically proven.
Speaker 2 – fraud Habitat loss is forcing animals to adapt to change in
Speaker 3 – mugging order to survive.
The US navy has been deployed to help avert a looming
b) To consolidate new vocabulary environmental disaster and contain the oil spill.
through personal opinions The destruction of local forests is a terrible scandal that
needs to be averted.
• Ask Ss to work in pairs and refer them to Ex. 4 It is essential to curb pollution of the air in city
for ideas. environments.
• Give Ss time to discuss the topic. There was a vaccination campaign to curb the spread
• Monitor activity around the class, then ask of the disease.
various Ss to give their opinion to the class.
Suggested Answer Key 7 To present and practise topic-related
A: I think the appropriate punishment for a magazine vocabulary
that commits libel would be to pay compensation to • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
the person whose reputation has been damaged. • Check Ss’ answers.
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5 Module
Answer Key
Mexico is a Spanish-speaking country located in
1 rainforest – c 4 climate – b
southern North America. It has a population of more
2 endangered – d 5 toxic – a
than 119 million people. There is a strong electronics
3 water – e
industry and an active economy, though there are
large differences in standard of living between the
8 ICT To expand the topic and develop wealthy and the poor. Mexico has a very rich pre-
research skills Columbian history.
• Give Ss time to research online, write a few
sentences and prepare their presentations. Answer Key
• Ask Ss to give their presentations to the class. 1 endangered 5 hunters
Suggested Answer Key 2 reproductive 6 illegally
3 conservationists 7 invisible
I think that climate change is the most serious
4 principally 8 entangled
environmental issue, because once it happens it is
irreversible and truly global. It’s caused by burning fossil
fuels, deforestation and intensive farming of livestock.
The best solution is to stop releasing CO² and other
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Developing
renewable energy would help a lot in this respect.
5c Grammar in use
1 a) To present the passive
9 To practise prepositions • Write the following sentences on the board:
William started a charity to help the homeless
last year. A charity to help the homeless was
started last year by William. Elicit the
Answer Key differences between the sentences (active,
1 in 2 in 3 on 4 to passive with agent); the object becomes the
subject in the passive sentence, the agent can
be added at the end following by. Then write:
10 To present and practise phrasal verbs Someone called the police to the scene. The
related to the topic police were called to the scene. Explain that
• Give Ss time to complete the task. when the subject of the active sentence is:
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II. people, one, someone, they, etc the agent is
often omitted in the passive sentence.
Answer Key • Elicit from Ss the reasons why we use the
1 out 2 down 3 up 4 for passive and write them on the board. (i.e. We
don’t know who did the action. It’s not important
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to write their own who did the action. We want to avoid blaming or
sentences using the phrasal verbs. taking responsibility for a bad/unpleasant action.
In headlines, advertisements, instructions, etc)
11 To practise word formation Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section
(pp. GR10-GR11) for more information.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Ask Ss to read the newspaper report, identify
• Check Ss’ answers. the passive forms, and answer the questions.
Answer Key
The vaquita, Phocoena sinus, is the smallest species
The passive is formed using the verb to be in the
of porpoise. They are endemic to a tiny geographic
appropriate tense, along with the past participle of the
area in the northern Gulf of California, in Mexico.
main verb.
They are the smallest porpoise, rarely growing larger were donated (l.4) – past simple passive
than 140 cm. They live alone, and are usually found in is said (l.7) – present simple passive
shallow water, though they are very rarely seen. They has been named (ll.12-13) – present perfect passive
eat many kinds of fish and other sea creatures and will be accepted (l.17) – future simple passive
use echolocation to find their prey. are expected (l.18) - present simple passive
83
Module 5
can be used (l.18) – present infinitive passive with 3 To practise the passive with by/with; to
a modal practise changing between passive and active
was asked (l.19) – past simple passive structures
• Write the following sentences on the board: The
Background information trees were planted by the students. The trees were
Arizona is a state in the south west United States. planted with a shovel. Elicit from Ss what is the
Southern Arizona has a hot desert climate while the different in meaning between by and with when
north has pine forest and cold winters. The state has using the passive. (i.e. by + agent shows who did
a large Native American population. The Grand an action while with + instrument/material/
Canyon is there, and the state has many striking ingredient shows what the agent uses)
geological features. • Explain the task and refer Ss to the Grammar
Reference section (pp. GR10-GR11) for more
information.
b) To practise changing between passive • Give Ss time to complete the task and then check
and active structures Ss’ answers.
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section 2 with – Local volunteers are running the litter
(pp. GR10-GR11) for more information. collection campaign with a lot of energy and
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. enthusiasm.
Suggested Answer Key 3 by – Sadly, boat propellers injure many sea turtles.
4 with – Someone had vandalised the whole wall and
They became the new owners of coats that Makenna
(had) covered it with graffiti.
donated to them ...
People often say that charity begins at home ...
Makenna herself even started a charity, which she has 4 To write sentences using the passive
named ... • Explain the task and give Ss time to write
Makenna’s charity will gladly accept any size, style or sentences.
colour. • Ask various Ss to read out their sentences.
Makenna expects items to be clean and in a condition
that the homeless can use. Answer Key
When reporters asked why she decided to help ... 2 The national health budget will be cut by the
government.
3 A free pick-up of garden rubbish is provided every
2 To practise the passive
Tuesday./Garden rubbish is picked up for free every
• Give Ss time to do the task. Tuesday.
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit why the passive was used 4 Two hundred employees have been made
in each case. redundant by a car firm.
Answer Key
1 was broken into (the person who did the action is 5 To present/practise personal and
unknown) impersonal structures
2 were recovered (the action itself is more important – • Write the following sentences on the board: Most
as in a newspaper headline/obvious from the
people know that recycling helps the environment.
context)
(active structure), It is known that recycling helps
3 are being set up (the action itself is more important
the environment (impersonal passive structure),
– as in a formal notice)
Recycling is known to help the environment.
4 was misled (to avoid responsibility/saying who is to
blame) (personal passive structure). Write a list on the
5 having been declared, was rediscovered (the board of the verbs that can have both of these
person who did the action is unknown or passive structures. (i.e. assume, believe, feel, know,
unimportant) report, say, think, understand, allege, claim,
6 be recycled (the action itself is more important than estimate,rumour, expect etc) Refer Ss to the
the people doing it) Grammar Reference section (pp. GR10-GR11) for
more information.
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5 Module
• Ask Ss to read the text again and find examples of some verbs (i.e. behave, burn, cut, enjoy, hurt, kill,
personal and impersonal structures. Elicit from Ss look at, feel, look, seem etc) and NOT with other verbs
how these structures are formed. (i.e. wash, shave, dress, undress, meet, rest, relax,
• Go through the example and then give Ss time to stand up, get up, sit down, wake up etc). Point out
report the weird facts as in the example. that we use reflexive pronouns when the subject and
• Check Ss’ answers. the object of the verb are the same person, but we
use emphatic pronouns to emphasise the subject or
Answer Key the object of a sentence. Refer Ss to the Grammar
From the text: It is often said that charity begins at Reference section (p. GR11) for more information.
home ... (para. 2), ... items are expected to be clean and • Give Ss time to find examples of reflexive –
in a condition ... (para. 3) emphatic pronouns in the text.
Impersonal structures: it + passive verb + that-clause • Elicit from Ss how they have been used and why.
Personal structures: subject + passive verb + to- Answer Key
infinitive ... found themselves receiving ... (para 1) – after certain
2 it is reported that people have a unique tongue verbs
print, similar to a fingerprint? ... who took it upon herself ... (para 1) – after a
people are reported to have a unique tongue print, preposition
similar to a fingerprint? Makenna herself even started ... (para 2) – to emphasise
3 it is said that recycling one aluminium can, saves the fact that a certain person performed an action
enough energy to run a TV for 3 hours?
recycling one aluminium can is said to save enough 8 To practise reflexive and emphatic
energy to run a TV for 3 hours? pronouns
4 it is estimated that the amount of wood and paper
we throw away yearly is enough to heat 50,000 • Explain the task and read through the example with
homes for 20 years? the Ss. Give Ss time to complete the task.
the amount of wood and paper we throw away
yearly is estimated to be enough to heat 50,000 Answer Key
homes for 20 years? 2 hurt yourself 4 did it myself
3 got up 5 be yourself
6 To develop research and presentation
skills; to practise the passive voice/personal or 9 To present the causative
impersonal structures • Write the following sentences on the board: Alex
• Explain the task and give Ss time to find facts washed his car. Alex had his car washed. and elicit
online, and prepare their presentations. Remind Ss what Alex did in each sentence (i.e. in the first
to use personal/impersonal structures. sentence he himself washed the car, and in the
• Ss present their weird facts to the class. second he told someone else to wash the car.).
Suggested Answer Key Explain that we can also use the causative when
something unpleasant happens to us (i.e. Alex had
Weird environmental facts his car stolen again.). Refer Ss to the Grammar
It is said that glass bottles take more than 4,000 years Reference section (pp. GR11-GR12) for more
to decompose! / Less than 1 percent of the water on information.
Earth is believed to be available for use. The rest is • Ask Ss to find an example of a causative structure
either salt water or ice! / Fifty thousand rainforest in the text and elicit from Ss how we form the
species are claimed to go extinct annually; that is about causative, why it is used in the text and what the
137 species a day! / It is said that the human population other uses of the causative are.
on Earth has grown more in the last 50 years than it did
in the previous 4 million years! / The oldest trees in the Answer Key
world are thought to be more than 4,600 years old! ... she got her parents to print fifty flyers ... (para 2)
The causative is formed with the verb have (or get) +
7 To present reflexive and emphatic object + past participle.
pronouns In the text, the causative is used to say that sb convinced
someone to do something for them. The causative is
• Write on the board: myself, yourself, himself/herself/ mainly used to say that sb has arranged for someone to
itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves. Tell Ss that do something for them and it is also used to talk about
reflexive-emphatic pronouns are frequently used with an unpleasant experience that somebody had.
85
Module 5
10 To practise the causative • Elicit from Ss what the other two questions are
• Explain the task and go through the example with asking for.
the Ss. Give Ss time to complete the task. Answer Key
Question one is asking for a specific fact. The question
Answer Key word ‘where’ helped me to decide. Question 2 is asking
2 have the garden tidied up for a reason and question three is asking for a feeling.
3 Jake (has) had his bike stolen
4 having leaflets printed b) To prepare for a listening task (multiple
choice)
11 To present substitution and ellipsis • Give Ss time to read the extract and answer the
• Read out the theory box and check that Ss’ question.
understand. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to find examples of substitution and Answer Key
ellipsis in the text. Refer Ss to the Grammar
Reference section p. GR11 for more information. 1 C she ‘...decided to return home to study’ and she
is from England.
Answer Key
... in Makenna’s case that (the fact that charity begins A is wrong because she did volunteer work and a
at home) was certainly true. (para 2) = substitution course in psychology in Australia and applied to
... she decided to go around town with a small cart and universities there, but did not choose to study there.
(she decided to) collect ... (para 2) = ellipsis B is wrong because while she has relatives there and
applied to universities there, she did not choose to
study there.
12 To practise substitution and ellipsis
• Explain the task and go through the example with
the Ss. Give Ss time to complete the task. 2 a) To prepare for a listening task
• Check Ss’ answers. • Direct Ss’ attention to the words and ask them
Answer Key to look them up in the Word List.
2 (arrived – ellipsis) Answer Key
3 one (charity – substitution) the underprivileged (pl n): the deprived people
4 there (at the police station – substitution)
recession (n): economic downturn
the bubble bursts (phr): when a successful period of
13 To practise key word transformations time suddenly comes to an end
• Give Ss time to complete the task. compound (v): to make sth worse
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. stark (adj): unpleasant
Answer Key knock-on effect (phr): the fact that sth happening
causes sth else to happen
1 were held up by an accident
state handouts (pl n): benefits from a government
2 agreement had been reached on/about
demoralising (adj): discouraging
3 disruption has been caused to trains
default (v): to fail to pay sth on time
4 will have a professional install
confide (v): to trust sb and tell them your problems
get sth out in the open (phr): to make sth public
knowledge
5d Listening skills put sth in perspective (phr): to judge sth sensibly and
in comparison with similar things
1 a) To prepare for a listening task (multiple b) To identify what questions are asking for
choice)
• Give Ss time to read the questions and decide
• Read out the Study Skills box and check that what they are being asked to listen for.
Ss have understood. • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
• Ask Ss to read the three questions and elicit
which is asking for specific facts. Then elicit
which words helped the Ss decide.
86
5 Module
Answer Key
1 specific fact – a place
2 an opinion
4 gist
5 an opinion
5e Speaking skills
3 specific fact – a feeling 1 To predict the content of a dialogue
• Ask Ss to read the first and last exchanges and
c) To do a listening task (multiple choice);
elicit what they think the dialogue is about.
to listen for specific information; to listen for gist
• Play the recording. Ss listen and check if their
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and complete guesses were correct.
the task.
• Check Ss’ answers. Suggested Answer Key
I think the dialogue is about homelessness; they will
Answer Key
probably discuss the reasons why there are more
1 C 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 B homeless people recently and what could be done to
help them.
• Give Ss time to discuss in pairs and write a few 2 To practise phrases for discussing causes
sentences. and results and offering solutions
• Monitor activity around the class then ask various • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
Ss to report to the class. • Check Ss’ answers.
A: Homelessness is a very big problem in my area, and I guess that’s mostly down to ... = discusses a cause.
there are not many social services to help people. Replace with: I think the recession has a lot to do with it.
B: I agree. I think one big cause of homelessness in my As a result, some people end up on the streets =
area is unemployment. People lost their jobs in the discusses a result. Replace with: This invariably leads
financial crisis and they ended up on the street. It’s to some people ending up on the streets.
very difficult to resolve this kind of problem because ... a long-term solution would be ... = offers a solution.
without further growth and new jobs people will Replace with: I think a lot could be achieved by local
struggle to support themselves. authorities giving ...
A: Yes, that’s true. These people can really benefit
from simple kinds of help, such as a shelter where
they can sleep, shower and wash their clothes. 3 To act out a dialogue using prompts
B: Yes, and any kind of educational programme that • Explain the task and tell Ss that they can use the
will help them to get back in the workforce would be dialogue in Ex.1 as a model.
very useful, too. • Direct Ss’ attention to the Useful Language box
Sentences: and remind them to use the phrases for discussing
Some people become homeless because they have causes and results and offering advice when they
lost their jobs and can’t find another because of the act out their dialogue.
economic recession, so they lose their homes. • Write this diagram on the board for Ss to follow.
Shelters that provide basic necessities such as a place
to sleep and wash can help homeless people. A B
Education programmes can help homeless people get Make a comment Agree and make
back into the workforce. about the issue of another comment.
youth unemployment.
4 To do a multiple matching listening task; to Mention a cause Agree, comment and
listen for gist of the issue. add a result.
• Give Ss time to read the statements.
Ask what can be Offer a solution.
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and match the
done. Justify your opinion.
statements to the speakers.
• Check Ss’ answers. Agree and offer
another solution.
Answer Key
1 C 2 G 3 E 4 H 5 A
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Module 5
• Ss work in pairs and act out their dialogues. B: I agree with you that recycling is essential, but
• Monitor activity and then ask various pairs to act personally I don’t think making it compulsory would
out their dialogues in front of the class. do any good. How could this be enforced? I think it
would be impossible! However, I would suggest
making recycling really easy, for example by putting
A: It’s terrible that there are so many young people individual bins for glass, plastic, paper and compost
who are unemployed. out in front of each building and having them
B: Yes, and youth unemployment seems to be a much collected. That way, it will be easier to recycle than
bigger problem now than it was just a few years to just throw stuff away. It would be so easy that
ago. everyone would do it!
A: Well, I guess the recession plays a huge part in that. A: That’s a good point. What about planting more
There just aren’t enough jobs to go around, and trees? I think it’s an excellent idea. Trees look good,
young people often lack qualifications and skills so and also clean the air. They are essential for a
they haven’t got much chance of being hired. healthy environment.
B: You’re absolutely right. It is particularly hard for B: Plants are certainly important in a city environment,
people to get their first job, because they don’t have and planting trees is a good thing to do. However,
any job experience yet, but they have to get a job in in my view creating community gardens might be
order to have experience! This can lead to poverty even better. It would also introduce plants into the
and debt when people are just starting out in their city environment, and it would have the added
professional lives, and as a consequence it can be benefit of providing organic produce, not to
really hard on their self-esteem. mention outdoor exercise for residents. What do
A: Yes, but what can be done about it? These are such you think about building car parks near transport
difficult times because the economy isn’t strong. connections?
B: I know what you mean, but there are things that A: It’s not a bad idea, but as far as I’m concerned it
could improve the situation. For example, I think a would be the least effective. I think most people
lot could be achieved if the government would give who drive would still drive, regardless of the
incentives for businesses to employ young people – presence of a car park. I think cycle lanes would be
something like a tax rebate. The reason I say this is a better option. That way, we can avoid car use
because everyone would benefit – both businesses altogether.
and young people. B: Yes, personally I know a lot of people who would
A: That’s a good idea. Some people say that there like to travel around the city by bicycle but don’t
should be more vocational training for young because it isn’t very safe. I believe that making bike
people, and I agree that this might help them gain lanes would have a big impact. Well, we already
practical skills that employers value. talked about community gardens, so, what about
B: Yes, that sounds like a good solution, too. starting litter clean-up schemes? It’s not a bad idea.
A: Well, I think it’s a terrible idea! I say this because
4 To do a collaborative task cleaning up their litter is something everyone should
do anyway. It shouldn’t require a special scheme.
• Read out the Study Skills box and check that Ss
B: Yes, but evidence suggests that when people work
understand.
together to clean up their neighbourhoods, they
• Explain the task and refer Ss to the Useful
take better care of them. It could be effective. But I
Language box. Remind Ss that they should
agree it might not be as important as some of the
discuss all the options and come to a consensus by
other options. I think the best by far is creating
the end of the discussion.
community gardens. What would you say?
• Ss read the information and options and use the
A: It’s really difficult just to choose two because they
Useful Language box to do the task.
are all good suggestions, and all things that should
• Monitor activity and then ask various pairs to do the
be done. But I agree about community gardens and
task in front of the class.
then I’d go for introducing cycle lanes.
Suggested Answer Key B: Great! That sounds good. I agree with you.
A: Well, I would say that making recycling compulsory
is a good idea. It’s extremely important for everyone • Optional extension: Ask Ss to work in pairs. Ss tell
to recycle, but some people can be lazy about it. their partners something they don’t like about their
town, neighbourhood or community, and their
partner offers solutions
88
5 Module
5 To analyse a model answer 3 To practise formal style
• Play the recording. • Explain the task and give Ss time to read the model
• Ss listen to the model answer and compare it to again and find the corresponding phrases/
their own. sentences.
The example of the task covered all of the points like Answer Key
our discussion. However, it was slightly more detailed 1 The aim of this report is to outline and assess the
and examined each topic in greater depth. improvements that have been made to my
neighbourhood ...
2 While some measures taken have been successful,
5f Writing other measures have been less so.

3 ... there are several ways in which the
neighbourhood could be further improved.
1 To analyse a rubric 4 Despite these efforts, there is still a problem with
youth unemployment and delinquency.
• Read through the theory box on reports with the Ss 5 Several major improvements have been made to the
and check that they understand the material. neighbourhood recently.
• Give Ss time to read the rubric, underline the key 6 ... I believe that the impact of recent rejuvenation
words and answer the questions. and redevelopment in the area is positive but there
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. is still room for improvement.
Answer Key
You work for the local council. The head of the 4 a) To practise formal style
community affairs committee is investigating ways • Give Ss time to complete the task.
to improve neighbourhoods in different towns. He • Check Ss’ answers.
has asked you to write a report in which you give
Answer Key
information about the improvements in your
community. 1 an alarming increase
Your report should briefly describe what has been 2 globally
done to make your neighbourhood a more pleasant 3 plague
place to live, discussing whether the improvements 4 In terms of new statistics
have been successful. It should also explain what 5 serious consequence
more could be done. 6 rapid deterioration
7 Citizens
1 I have to write a report for the head of the 8 escape
community affairs committee. 9 prompt action is taken
2 I expect to use the passive voice and advanced
b) To expand prompts into full sentences
vocabulary.
3 My report must include the improvements that were • Give Ss time to use the prompts to write
made in my neighbourhood, whether the sentences.
improvements have been successful and what more • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
could be done. Suggested Answer Key
1 Water pollution has been increasing/has increased
2 To read a model report and match headings at a worrying rate.
to paragraphs 2 The majority of water pollution is due to/down
• Give Ss time to read the model and choose the to/the result of rubbish and industrial waste being
appropriate headings for each paragraph. dumped in rivers and oceans by individuals and
• Check Ss’ answers. large industries.
3 This problem needs to be addressed quickly.
4 New data suggests that water pollution levels will
1 B 2 C 3 A continue to rise in the future.
89
Module 5
5 The outcome of this will not only be/is not only 6 To practise grammatical structures used in
going to be the destruction of marine life, but also reports
the loss of our drinking water supply. • Read through the theory box with Ss and check
6 One way to prevent water pollution could be by that they understand the material.
imposing heavy fines and severely punishing • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
individuals and industries. • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should give reasons for their
7 The effect of this will/is going to deter others./This will choices.
have/is going to have the effect of deterring others.
Answer Key
5 a) To practise linking words and phrases 1 increased is crossed out (have increased – present
perfect because it is talking about something that
• Read out the language box on linking words/ has recently been completed)
phrases and structures. 2 will volunteer is crossed out (volunteer – present
• Give Ss time to complete the task. simple describing a situation in the present)
• Check Ss’ answers. 3 might is crossed out (could = hypothetical
Suggested Answer Key construction)
1 Nevertheless/However 4 predict is crossed out (hope (v) = to want something
2 While/Although, For example/For instance, In to happen), potential is crossed out (future (adj) =
addition/Furthermore/Additionally anything that occurs in the future)
3 Firstly, although/while 5 proposed is crossed out (expected (adj) = a
prediction), possible is crossed out (forthcoming
b) To practise linking words/phrases and (adj) = something that has been arranged and will
phrases/structures to make suggestions/ happen soon)
recommendations, express opinion and conclude
• Explain the task and remind Ss to look at the 7 a) To predict content of reports from
language box above and also the Useful introductory paragraphs
Language box on p. 89. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Give Ss time to fill in the gaps. • Check Ss’ answers.
A The report will evaluate a charity event. Possible
1 Despite, I would recommend headings: Overall attendance, Donations
2 It seems to me, for instance/for example/ B The report will be about homelessness. Possible
especially/particularly/specifically headings: Reasons homelessness has increased,
3 In conclusion/To conclude, In this way/ Possible solutions
Consequently/As a result
b) To match the beginnings and endings of
c) To practise phrases for making reports
suggestions, expressing opinions and concluding
• Give Ss time to read the model again and • Check Ss’ answers.
complete the task.
1 B The writer gives an opinion and summarises
Answer Key
2 A The writer summarises and recommends a
making suggestions: I would recommend ... course of action
expressing opinions: ... I believe that ...
concluding: On the whole ...
8 a) To expand prompts into sentences and
Suggested Answer Key put them in order to form a paragraph
I would recommend = I would suggest/one solution • Give Ss time to write sentences and put them in
would be to/one suggestion would be to order.
I believe that = It seems to me that/As far as I am • Check Ss’ answers around the class. Elicit
concerned which is the topic sentence and which are
On the whole = To conclude/In conclusion supporting sentences.
90
5 Module
A 2 Some measures that have been taken, such as
stricter policing and heavier fines when the law You work for a volunteer group that helps
has been broken, seem to have made the area homeless people in your community. A member of
safer and more pleasant. the town council has asked you to write a report
B 4 On the other hand, the installation of closed- about the problem of homelessness in your town.
circuit television in public places has done little Your report should briefly discuss the causes and
to deter burglaries in the area. results. You should also suggest solutions to help
C 1 While some crime prevention measures have the homeless people in your community.
been successful, other measures have not. Write your report in 220-260 words.
D 3 Moreover, not only has ugly graffiti been cleaned
off the walls, but colourful murals by talented 1 I have to write a report about the problem of
young artists have appeared in its place. homelessness in my town.
2 I am a member of a volunteer group that helps
C is the topic sentence and A and D support the first homeless people. I am writing to a member of the
part of the sentence, while B supports the second part. town council.
3 I should write in a formal style.
b) To practise writing supporting
4 I will use the present, past and future tenses; the
sentences
passive voice should also be used.
• Explain the task and remind Ss to use language 5 In the introductory paragraph I will include a clear
from the Useful Language box. statement of the purpose of the report, and the
• Give Ss time to write their sentences and content that it will include.
compare with a partner. 6 I will write 2 main body paragraphs.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. 7 The subheadings I will use are: ‘The problem of
Suggested Answer Key homelessness’ and ‘Possible solutions’.
8 In the conclusion I could include a summary of the
A Without a doubt, recent changes have made the area
information in the report and an opinion or
more attractive for young families, yet there are further
recommendation.
measures that need to be taken. Firstly, a brand new
housing estate has been built, with affordable homes b) To write a report
and plenty of green spaces where children can play.
In addition, improved public transport links have • Refer Ss to the theory box on p. 86 and then
made it easier for residents to commute to the city for give Ss time to write their reports using the
work. However, despite these changes, crime rates Useful Language box and their answers from
are still higher than in surrounding areas and action Ex. 9a.
should be taken to reduce them. • Remind Ss to use the appropriate formal style
B The issue of unemployment is one that the and to give each paragraph a suitable heading.
government can take action to improve. One solution • Ss should check their reports against the
would be to give employment subsidies; for example, Checklist when they have finished, or they can
firms could be given tax breaks for hiring long-term swap reports and evaluate each other’s piece of
unemployed people. In addition, vocational training writing.
schemes could be created that provide free classes • Check Ss’ answers.
for the unemployed. In this way, their job skills would • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check
improve. I believe that if these measures were Ss’ answers in the next lesson.
implemented, it would ameliorate the situation and Suggested Answer Key
the unemployment rate would drop. To: City Council
From: Matt Hopkins
9 a) To analyse a rubric Subject: Homeless people in our community
• Give Ss time to complete the task. Date: 30/07/17
• Check Ss’ answers. Introduction
The purpose of this report is to discuss homelessness
in the town of Oakridge and propose solutions that
might help the homeless in our community.
91
Module 5
The problem of homelessness 2 To practise word formation
Economic problems are the main cause of homelessness • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
in Oakridge, and the results are devastating. Due to the • Check Ss’ answers on the board.
recession, companies are laying off many employees. As a
result, there has been an increase in the number of people Answer Key
seeking jobs. Unfortunately, few new positions are being 1 recognition 5 staggeringly
created and people who become redundant are not able to 2 participants 6 edible
find employment. If mortgage payments are missed, they 3 misshapen 7 unnecessarily
can easily lose their homes and find themselves on the 4 retailers 8 motivates
street. This can negatively affect people’s self-confidence
and emotional state, making recovery even more difficult.
Possible solutions • Explain the task and remind Ss not to go over six
There are a number of things that should be done to words and to use the word given.
help homeless people in our community. First of all, • Give Ss time to complete the task.
although Oakridge has a homeless shelter, it is small • Check Ss’ answers.
and ill-equipped. It should be expanded so that more
people can use the facilities. Secondly, the council Answer Key
could set up an educational programme to help the 1 are expected to make an arrest
unemployed find new jobs. Since many people have to 2 came to the conclusion
change fields of work, guidance regarding what 3 last time I saw Angela was
direction to take and how to get started would be 4 isn’t cut out for
invaluable for them. Finally, each citizen ought to 5 are believed to be in danger
donate or volunteer as much as they are able to charity. 6 I have both been victims
Conclusion 7 turned out to be
To conclude, homelessness has become a pressing
problem in the community of Oakridge. However, if the 4 To practise grammar structures
shelter is expanded, educational support provided and • Give Ss time to do the task.
everyone does what they can, the prospects of the • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
homeless will be greatly improved.
Answer Key
Language Knowledge 5 1
2
3
A
A
B
present perfect passive
as (conj) = because
would rather sb + past perfect (past reference)
4 B by herself = without help
5 A a modal verb in the passive voice
6 A word order: subject + verb with adverb between
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern the auxiliary and main verb
Africa, with a population of almost 13 million people. 7 C substitution (not replaces he does not go with
Its capital city is Harare. It has a mix of tropical and you)
warm desert climates and has suffered recent 8 B reduced relative clause + phr v
droughts. There have been frequent wars and 9 D even though (phr) = although
political unrest in recent times. 10 C neither … nor
11 D one is ... and ... the other is not (word order =
subject + verb)
1 To read for cohesion and coherence 12 C were permitted to
• Ask Ss to read the text and then read the 4-word
options (1-8). 5 To practise vocabulary
• Give Ss time to read the text and choose the
correct word to fit in each gap.
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain or elicit the meanings
Answer Key of any unknown words.
1 A 3 D 5 A 7 B
2 B 4 C 6 C 8 C
92
5 Module
Answer Key bond (v): (of two things) to fix together
1 D 4 D 7 B 10 B 13 A affix (sth to sth else) (v): to stick sth to sth else;
2 D 5 A 8 C 11 D 14 D to attach sth to sth else
3 B 6 B 9 A 12 C cling (to sth/sb) (v): to hang on to sth/sb
transmit (v): to transfer sth
disappear (v): to vanish switch (v): to change to sth new
dissolve (v): to become part of a liquid divert (v): to reroute
disengage (v): to detach
disperse (v): to make a crowd go in different directions
be in a critical condition (phr): to be seriously ill
central (adj): principal; main
Language Focus 5
crucial (adj): very important
criminal (adj): law-breaking 1 To present and practise new vocabulary
confer (v): to consult with sb related to the topic
consent (to sth/doing sth) (v): to agree to do sth • Give Ss time to complete the task.
conceal (v): to hide sth • Check Ss’ answers. Explain/elicit the meaning of
convert (v): to transform any unknown words.
determine (v): to establish sth; to find facts so as to
prove sth true Answer Key
discern (v): to be able to see or notice sth 1 pleads 3 to make 5 pay
detect (v): to discover sth 2 reached 4 are breaking 6 took
discriminate (between two things) (v): to distinguish
between sth and sth else 2 To present and practise new vocabulary
subdue (v): to suppress related to the topic
discipline (v): to train sb to obey rules
soothe (v): to calm sb • Give Ss time to choose the correct word.
conquer (v): to defeat an enemy • Check Ss’ answers. Explain/elicit the meaning of
make ends meet (phr): to barely earn enough money any unknown words.
to live Answer Key
ally (n): a supporter
1 ban 3 acquitted 5 charged
peer (n): a person of the same age as you
2 suspended 4 accused
colleague (n): a co-worker
associate (n): a partner; a collaborator
repel (v): to drive sth/sb away 3 To practise idioms related to the topic
deflect (v): to divert sth • Give Ss time to complete the task.
fend sb off (phr v): to defend yourself against sb • Check Ss’ answers.
havoc (n): destruction
defect (n): an imperfection Answer Key
deficit (n): a shortfall 1 on the fringes of society
fracture (n): a broken bone 2 foot the bill
recoil (v): to pull back in fear 3 in dire straits
shun (v): to avoid sb 4 came to a head
balk (v): to refuse to try sth 5 spiral out of control
steer (v): to cause a vehicle to move in a particular 6 back against the wall
direction
conform (to sth) (v): to comply with sth 4 To present and practise new vocabulary
create (v): to make sth related to the topic
realise (v): to become aware of sth
• Give Ss time to choose the correct items.
establish (v): to verify sth
regulation (n): an official rule
restraint (n): the repression of your emotions Answer Key
restriction (n): a limitation (on sb/sth) 1 credentials 3 paddy 5 finite
renovation (n): refurbishment 2 reserve 4 region 6 organic
adhere (to sth) (v): to abide by sth; to follow sth
93
Module 5
Grammar in Focus 2 To consolidate vocabulary from the module
To practise grammar structures • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to compete it.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. Answer Key
Answer Key 1 address 3 deprived 5 leaking
2 disowned 4 white-collar
1 had been living/had lived 8 this/it
2 had to 9 could
3 to 10 so 3 To listen for specific information; to listen
4 not 11 runs for gist (multiple choice)
5 was being fed 12 to show • Play the recording. Ss listen and complete the task.
6 where 13 to be adopted • Check Ss’ answers.
7 little 14 they
Answer Key
1 C 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B
Progress Check 5 4 To consolidate grammar from the module
1 To read for cohesion and coherence • Give Ss time to choose the correct items.
• Explain the task and remind Ss to read the missing
sentences and identify the main point of each Answer Key
before they read the article. 1 do 4 he had it repaired
• Give Ss time to read the article and do the task. 2 was rediscovered 5 will have been lowered
Remind Ss to pay attention to the meaning of the 3 myself
text before and after each gap.
• Check Ss’ answers
5 To revise language for discussing causes
Answer Key and results and suggesting solutions.
2 B (after gap it is certainly true refers to statement • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
in B because the carbon footprint of these • Check Ss’ answers.
people is small)
3 H (network of cyclone shelters in H + these Answer Key
shelters after the gap) 1 b 2 a 3 a
4 A (before the gap, talking about changes + also in
A, after the gap, monsoon = a seasonal pattern) 6 To write a report
5 G (after the gap there refers to other places in G,
also G is example of challenges) • Give Ss time to write their reports.
6 C (their new home after the gap refers to • Check Ss’ answers.
sentence C Most live... ,) Suggested Answer Key
To: Local Council
Background information From: Katie Hawks
Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. It has a Subject: Environmental issues in our community
population of almost 169 million people. It is Date: ...
considered a developing nation, and has been
Introduction
affected badly by poverty and natural disasters. It is
The purpose of this report is to discuss the
one of the largest exporters of textiles in the world.
environmental issues in our community, and suggest
Kutubdia Island is in Bangladesh in the Bay of
ways to resolve them. There are two main
Bengal. It is an agricultural and fishing community. It
environmental issues, but steps can be taken to lessen
exports fish and salt. There is less than 30% literacy
their impacts.
there.
The Bay of Bengal is the north-eastern part of the
Indian Ocean. It is the largest bay in the world.
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5 Module
Traffic Conclusion
One major environmental problem is heavy traffic. It Our community faces some serious environmental
causes air pollution, noise pollution, and makes life problems due to heavy traffic and fires. However, I
generally unpleasant. Cars get stuck idling in traffic strongly believe that if appropriate steps are taken, we
jams for long periods which exacerbates the situation. can live in a cleaner and healthier environment.
Data from other cities show that banning cars from the
city centre is an effective solution that can improve the Competences
city environment and raise quality of life. Alternatively, a Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
scheme could be created allowing people to bring their according to how competent they feel regarding each of the
cars into the city only on certain days of the week. listed activities.
Pollution from fires
Secondly, wood and even rubbish is frequently burned
in order to heat homes. As a result, a great deal of
smelly black smoke is produced. This smoke is toxic,
causes breathing problems, and harms the city trees.
What is more, it creates black dust that settles
everywhere and makes it impossible for residents to dry
their clothes outside. This problem is due to the fact
that people cannot afford to heat their homes any other
way, so the government should lower taxes on
electricity and natural gas, and take other actions to
alleviate poverty. As a result, people would not burn
rubbish because they could afford to use the central
heating.
95
Module 6 Material World

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of advertising, 6d Listening skills 102
shopping, money and spending.
Lesson Objectives: to listen for specific information
Module page 95 Vocabulary: from script (take a battering, aspiring, boom in,
revenue, tedious, limitation, inventory, warehouse,
invaluable, the exception that proves the rule, convenience,
introduce key vocabulary for advertising
hardware store, contend with, overheads, running costs, opt
Vocabulary: advertising (brochure, digital advertising, full
for, warrant, vigilant)
page spread, digital hoarding, classified ad, flyer, pamphlet,
catchy slogan, alliteration, attention-grabbing headline, 6e Speaking skills 103
scientific reference)
Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
6a Reading 96-97 for making and responding to a complaint, to act out a
dialogue making and responding to a complaint, to express
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for opinion, attitude
an opinion on a controversial issue based on written input/
and specific information, to do research and write a report
argue a case
about reusing, recycling and reducing waste
Vocabulary: nouns (obsession, extraction, distribution, 6f Writing 104-107
disposal, horror, fertilizer, pesticides, resources, narrative,
exposé); adjectives (humble, compelling, practical, Lesson Objectives: to analyse a rubric/model, to practise
developing, affluent, concrete, appealing, engaging, dismal, techniques of cohesion, to practise punctuation, to practise
second-hand); verbs (value, collapse, resonate, scoff, linkers and linking phrases, to write a for-and-against essay
interweave); adverbs (sorely, purposely, poorly); phrases
(break the vicious cycle, material acquisition) Language Knowledge 6 108-109
Lesson Objectives: to practise open cloze, to practise word
6b Vocabulary 98-99 formation, to practice key word transformations, to
Lesson objectives: to learn words/phrases related to consolidate vocabulary and grammar structures
shopping, to learn words/phrases related to money &
spending, to learn prepositions, to learn phrasal verbs, to Language Focus 6 110
practise word formation Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
Vocabulary: shopping (delicatessen, organic food shop, DIY on advertising, shopping, money & spending, to practise
superstore, farmer’s market, millinery shop, craft shop, idioms related to money
hammer and nails, canvases, seasonal vegetables, pesticide Vocabulary: advertising (boost, promote, launch, release,
free food, a fascinator, cold meals); money & spending (leave deliver, distribute, employ, occupy, express, convey);
sb broke, email alerts, proposal, offer, deduction, discount, shopping (import, reasonably priced item, complete a
last-minute, end-of-season, be out of fashion, knock-down transaction, offer, stock); money & spending (invest, deposit,
prices, returns policy, repayment, buy on impulse/at withdraw, owe, savings, expenses, loan, fee, generous,
auction/on hire purchase/in the sales, pay in arrears/in full/in stingy, poor, rich, miserly, prosperous, affluent, hard-up,
advance/in instalments/in cash/by credit card/with a store well-off, penny-pinching, broke, mean, big-hearted, tight-
card, be in debt, spendthrift, bargain-hunter, sales, get a fisted, wealthy, charitable); idioms (cost an arm and a leg,
good deal, frugal, stingy, pricey, split the bill); phrasal verbs foot the bill, be strapped for cash, save for a rainy day, a
(shop around, sell out, take sth back, run out of) license to print money)
6c Grammar in use 100-101 Progress Check 6 111-112

Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise conditionals, mixed Lesson Objectives: to read for opinion, attitude and
conditionals, wishes and other phrases with hypothetical specific information, to listen for specific information, to
meaning, to practise key word transformations consolidate vocabulary & grammar structures from the
module, to revise speaking skills, to write a for-and-against
essay
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6 Module
Module Objectives Ad 2 is selling clothing. The target audience is the
readers of the magazine; it is probably a fashion
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Material world
magazine and the readers are probably women. The
and ask Ss to suggest what they think the module will be
message is that these clothes can make you look
about (the module is about advertising, shopping, money
glamorous, and maybe also that it’s time to change
and spending). Go through the objectives list to stimulate
your looks for the changing seasons.
Ss’ interest in the module.
Ad 3 is promoting a delivery service. It is probably
aimed at business owners who have to ship their
1 To introduce new vocabulary product to customers, or maybe this service distributes
• Go through the list of advertisement types with Ss. informational material like flyers or leaflets. The
• Explain that the word ‘advertisement’ has two message in a bottle in the picture suggests a lost letter
abbreviations, ‘ad’ and ‘advert’, and that both are drifting aimlessly in the sea, so this ad is saying that you
used in this module. have to send your message in the correct way.
• Direct Ss’ attention to the ads and elicit which type Ad 4 is promoting a product – aloe. I’m not sure if it is
each one is. selling a specific cream, or an ingredient for creams, so
• Direct Ss’ attention to the question and give them it is either aimed at companies who produce creams or
time to discuss it. individuals who buy creams. The message of the ad is
• Elicit answers from various Ss around the class. that this product really works, and that their claim is
backed up by scientific proof.
Answer Key
1 digital hoarding 3 pamphlet
2 full page spread 4 digital advertising
• Explain the task and read out the phrases. Elicit/
Suggested Answer Key explain the meanings of any unknown words.
S1: What are some other types of advertising? • Ask Ss to find an example of each of the phrases in
S2: Well, some other types of advertising include flyers the adverts.
and classified ads. Can you think of any others? • Elicit what impact Ss think they might have on the
S1: Yes, how about radio advertising and viral reader.
advertising campaigns on the Internet?
Answer Key
S2: That’s great. Viral advertising has become very
popular these days. a catchy slogan = Your message is our message! (or
Bargains to blow you away, or Step into Spring with
Background information Style)
Alliteration = Step into Spring with Style, or Bargains
Aloe is a genus of plants from tropical and southern
to blow you away
Africa. Aloe vera is a plant with medicinal properties.
The gel inside the leaves is thought to help the skin an attention-grabbing headline = Bargains to blow
heal and today it is a frequent ingredient in you away!/Step into Spring with Style/Don’t leave it to
commercial creams. chance/Researchers agree!
a scientific reference = Researchers agree!
I think all of these things would have an impact on the
2 To discuss the messages in ads reader by catching their attention and making them
• Read out the questions and give Ss time to answer want to find out more. The catchy slogan and
them in pairs. alliteration would probably also stick in the readers’
• Elicit answers from various Ss around the class. minds and cause them to remember the advert and the
product.
Ad 1 is selling cars. The target audience is anybody 4 To discuss the effectiveness of ads;
travelling on the road. The message is that you can get to personalise the topic
a very good deal on a car, so if you want/need one, now
is the time to buy. • Elicit from Ss around the class what makes an ad
effective.
• Ask various Ss to say which ad they think is most
effective and why.
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Module 6
Suggested Answer Key 4 negative – words that helped me decide: dramatise
I would say the digital hoarding is most effective, first of the issue, intention of engaging, but ... the exact
all because it is huge! You really can’t miss it. But I also opposite
believe it’s an effective ad because it’s advertising cars,
right by the roadside. The people who see it will be b) To introduce the topic; to listen and read
driving their cars when they see it, or maybe even riding for specific information
in an uncomfortable bus. So if they don’t like their
• Direct Ss’ attention to the picture and the title of
current mode of transport, that’s exactly what will be on
the text.
their minds when they see this car advert.
• Elicit from Ss what they think the book reviewed
in the text is about.
Words of wisdom
• Play the recording. Ss read and listen to find
• Direct Ss’ attention to the quotations and give them out.
time to discuss in pairs.
• Ask various Ss to give their opinion to the class. Suggested Answer Key
I think the book is about the issue of consumption in
our society, the impact of over-consumption, and ways
S1: I agree with the second quote. I think that to solve the problem.
advertisements very rarely tell the whole truth.
Instead, they present things in a way that makes c) To match opinions to reviews
their product look better than it actually is. So,
• Explain the task and give Ss time to read the
even if the individual points are not lies, the
text and match the opinions to the reviews.
whole message can be very inaccurate.
S2: Yes, you have a point. However, I don’t think all
ads work in this way, so I would tend to agree Answer Key
with the first quote. I believe that some 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 C
advertisers know that consumer trust, which is a
result of telling the truth, is very powerful.
2 To read for opinion, attitude and specific
S1: I think it depends on the product, though. If
information; to do a cross-text multiple matching
someone is buying a new car, for example, they
task
want to feel that they can trust the person they
are buying from. They want to be sure it’s safe, • Read out the Study Skills box and check Ss’
and that if they have a problem, they will have understanding.
support. However, if someone is buying clothes, • Ask Ss to go through the texts and underline the
they probably don’t want to know the truth! They parts that express an opinion or attitude, then ask
want to believe that the clothes will make them them to read the questions and underline the key
beautiful and happy! words.
• Remind Ss that for each question they have to
identify an opinion and then find similar or different
opinions given by the other reviewers.
6a Reading •
•
Give Ss time to complete the task.
Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
1 a) To identify opinion Answer Key
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. 1 C Text C = ‘not likely to resonate with most
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit the words that helped readers’
them decide. Text A = ‘you won’t be able to put this book
down’
Answer Key Text B = ‘compelling examples’ and ‘worth
1 positive – words that helped me decide: thought- a read’
provoking, important Text D = ‘fascinating’; ‘engaging’ and ‘draws
2 positive (mostly) – words that helped me decide: the reader in’
relevant, compelling, really engages 2 D Text A = ‘not all doom and gloom’
3 positive – words that helped me decide: goes way Text D = ‘allows some room for hope’
beyond, practical solutions
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6 Module
3 D Text C = ‘If you were expecting a narrative ... 3 To consolidate new vocabulary through
you’ll be sorely disappointed.’ synonyms/antonyms
Text D = ‘interweaves all the facts and statistics • Give Ss time to find the synonyms in the text and
... with engaging tales’ then use a dictionary to find the antonyms.
4 C Text D = ‘although some arguments sound • Check Ss’ answers.
borderline obsessive’ Answer Key
Text C = ‘the author’s view ... seems far too
feasible = practical, antonym = impossible
extreme’
terror = horror, antonym = delight
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box and advancing = developing, antonym = developed
explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss (i.e. world), regressing
to use their dictionaries to look them up. prosperous = affluent, antonym = impoverished
Alternatively, ask Ss to try to explain the words in attractive = appealing, antonym = unappealing
context by giving an example sentence, a real = concrete, antonym = abstract
synonym/antonym or by miming their meaning. captivating = engaging, antonym = boring
badly = poorly, antonym = well
Suggested Answer Key used = second hand, antonym = new
obsession (n) = a bad persistent interest in sth
extraction (n) = obtaining sth from sth else,
4 To consolidate the meaning of new
e.g. oil/gold from the earth
vocabulary in context
distribution (n) = supplying goods to shops
disposal (n) = throwing sth away • Explain the task and give Ss time to do it in pairs.
fertiliser (n) = a chemical substance for helping plants • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
grow Suggested Answer Key
pesticide (n) = a chemical substance for protecting A: ‘the result is a horror in which we’re all implicated’ =
crops against insects Something terrible and frightening has happened
value (v) = to consider sb/sth highly important that we are all responsible for.
break the vicious cycle (phr) = to put an end to a ‘But it is not all gloom and doom’ = Not everything
situation in which one problem creates another worse is bad, there is something positive, too.
than the first B: ‘The Story of Stuff is definitely worth a read and, more
collapse (v) = to fall down on a sofa/bed etc to relax importantly, a lot of thought afterwards’ = The book
humble (adj) = ordinary, not special but useful should be read, and not only that, people should think
compelling (adj) = interesting about its message in relation to their own lives.
resources (n) = mineral, precious stones, metals etc C: ‘The Story of Stuff has fatal flaws’ = There are
that exist naturally in the earth problems with the book that ruin it completely.
material acquisition (phr) = obtaining money and ‘not likely to resonate with most readers’ = Most
goods people won’t agree with what is being said.
narrative (n) = a story
D: ‘you might expect a level of dryness with this
sorely (adv) = very seriously
subject matter’ = The topic is boring, so it isn’t easy
resonate (v) = to be sympathetically received by sb to write about it in an interesting way.
scoff (v) = to make fun of sb/sth
‘this is not such a dismal book that it leaves you in
exposé (n) = a news story revealing sth shocking
despair’ = The author gives hope to the reader,
purposely (adv) = on purpose makes suggestions about how to solve the problem,
interweave (v) = to closely connect one story with for example.
another
engaging (adj) = captivating
dismal (adj) = depressing 5 To analyse the text
Background information • Check Ss’ answers.
Annie Leonard is an American writer and activist, Answer Key
and the Executive Director of Greenpeace. She not 1 the book or the 4 the author’s view
only wrote a book called The Story of Stuff, but also general situation 5 to finish the book
made an animated film of the same name. 2 the book 6 the book
3 materialism
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Module 6
6 To consolidate information from a text Every pound of cotton produced uses 1/3 pound of
• Give Ss time to talk about what they have learnt in chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Imagine that! Also,
pairs. do you ever wonder why your favourite clothes never
• Monitor activity around the class. last? It’s because some products are poorly made on
• Ask various Ss to tell the class what they have purpose so they are cheaper to replace than repair.
learnt. Forcing you to buy more! Here’s another shocking fact,
only 20% of the world’s population is responsible for
over 75% of its consumption. Think about that…
I learnt that a lot of fertilisers and pesticides are used to So, why is consumerism a problem? It’s a problem
produce cotton. I also learnt that a simple way to because it negatively impacts the environment, hurts
reduce consumption might be to change our attitudes human relationships, harms people in the developing
about the value of time spent with family and friends. I
world, and even leads to wars over resources.
learnt that 20 percent of the world’s population is
Seems pretty bad doesn’t it? You probably want to
responsible for 75 percent of its consumption and I
know what can be done. Well, don’t worry. You can
learnt that there are also a lot of practical steps we can
make a difference. Simple things will help, such as
take to improve the situation.
valuing time with friends and family, composting,
buying second hand, supporting local businesses and
Speaking
buying less.
To consolidate information in a text; Thank you for your time, and remember, together we
to give a talk can make a better world!
• Explain the task and give Ss time to make notes.
• Ss use their notes to give a talk to the class.
Writing
Suggested Answer Key ICT To use the Internet to research a topic;

to write a report
Why you wrote the book
I fear we are trashing the planet, our communities and • Explain the task and give Ss time to use the Internet
our health, and I would like to change this. to find information on how to reuse, recycle and
Some interesting facts about consumerism reduce, and then write their reports.
Every pound of cotton produced uses 1/3 pound of • Ss read their reports to the class.
chemical fertilizers and pesticides. • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and Ss read
Some products are poorly made on purpose so they their reports in the next lesson.
are cheaper to replace than to repair. Suggested Answer Key
20% of the world’s population is responsible for over Introduction
75% of its consumption. The purpose of this report is to present ways that we
Why consumerism is a problem can all reuse, recycle and reduce in order to help the
It negatively impacts the environment, hurts human environment.
relationships, harms people in the developing world, Reuse
and can lead to wars over resources. There are plenty of ways to reuse items. First of all, give
What can be done away or sell old items of clothing or furniture, and look
Valuing time with family/friends, composting, buying for second-hand products to buy instead of new.
second hand, supporting local business, buying less Bottles and jars can be washed and used to store
and buying only what you need. things, and worn out clothes can be used for rags for
cleaning. You are only limited by your imagination.
Suggested Answer Key Recycle
Hello everyone, my name is Annie Leonard and I’m the Recycling may be the easiest of these options. Most
Executive Director of Greenpeace. I’m here today to communities have recycling facilities these days so all
give a short talk about my book, ‘The Story of Stuff’. you have to do is find out what facilities your
Many of you might wonder why I wrote the book. Well, community has and take advantage of them. You may
that’s easy to answer. I wrote ‘The Story of Stuff’ have to do a little research, and change your routine, for
because I fear we are trashing the planet, our example by washing and saving packaging instead of
communities and our health, and I would like to change throwing it away. Starting a compost heap is a good
this. way to recycle kitchen waste.
Perhaps you never thought about these issues, but
here are some interesting facts about consumerism.
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6 Module
Reduce Answer Key
An obvious way to reduce is to buy less, and buy only hammer and nails – DIY superstore, canvases – craft
what you really need. When you go to the supermarket, shop, seasonal vegetables- farmer’s market, pesticide-
take a cloth bag, and avoid buying items with a lot of free food – organic shop, fascinator – millinery shop,
packaging. Try not to shop for fun, but rather for cold meats – delicatessen
necessities only.
Conclusion c) To personalise the topic
I am sure if we all implemented these ideas in our
everyday lives and reused, recycled and reduced more • Give Ss time to answer the questions in pairs.
than we do now, we would have a better world in the • Monitor activity, then ask various Ss to tell the
future. class.
B: ...because you can get lots of nice cold meats
6b Vocabulary there. You can also have them cut to any size or
portion that you want.
A: That’s true. I like shopping at the organic food
1 To consolidate vocabulary from the text shop because I know they are trustworthy and the
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. food and other products they sell are free of
• Check Ss’ answers. unhealthy chemicals and pesticides. It’s usually
tastier, too. Things that I always buy there are
Answer Key cleaning products, teas, and chocolate! The only
1 production 5 impose drawback is it’s a bit expensive. I can’t afford to
2 consumption 6 impact buy all of my food there.
3 extraction 7 is implicated B: Yeah , that’s why I don’t like to shop there. I love
4 distribution 8 implies shopping at the craft shop. This is because I like to
paint and I can buy paints and brushes and good
2 To consolidate vocabulary from the text quality paper there. It makes me feel happy just
seeing the displays of colourful paints!
4 To present new topic-related vocabulary
Answer Key
• Give Ss time to read the text and choose the
1 obsessive 4 scoff at correct options.
2 resonate with me 5 indigenous • Check Ss’ answers. Elicit/Explain the meanings of
3 engaging any unknown words.
Answer Key
3 a) To present new topic-related vocabulary
1 broke 4 discounts 7 knock-down
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete 2 alerts 5 end-of-season 8 returns
the sentences. 3 offers 6 out of
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit/Explain the meaning
5 ICT To expand the topic; to present
Answer Key findings to the class
1 farmers’ market 4 millinery shop • Give Ss time to use the Internet to find out about
2 craft shop 5 delicatessen other ways of smart shopping.
3 DIY superstore 6 organic food shop • Ask various Ss to report their findings to the class.
b) To practise vocabulary related to the (Ss’ own answers)
topic of shopping Suggested Answer Key
• Give Ss time to match the items to the places in As well as going to sales and using online offers, there
Ex. 3a. are some other ways to shop smart. If you’re a student,
• Check Ss’ answers. you can use your student discount to get extra
reductions on all sorts of products in various different
stores. Also, if you work part time for a retail company,
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Module 6
you might also get a staff discount and special offers as S2: Yes, I think that’s right. It’s a good way to save
part of the job perks. In fact, some people deliberately money if you buy a lot of things at the same store.
look for jobs in their favourite stores for this reason!
Another option for saving money includes shopping
7 a) To introduce new topic-related
online at overseas suppliers who may offer a discounted
vocabulary
or lower price compared to your own country.
• Give Ss’ time to fill in the gaps.
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit/Explain the meanings
6 a) To present new topic-related vocabulary
• Read out the phrases and elicit/explain their
Answer Key
meanings if necessary.
• Give Ss time to fill in the spidergram. 1 in debt 4 reduced 7 pricey
• Check Ss’ answers. 2 credit card 5 good deal 8 split the bill
3 sales 6 stingy
Answer Key
buy: 1 on impulse 3 on hire purchase b) To personalise the topic
2 at auction 4 in the sales
• Give Ss time to answer the question in pairs.
pay: 1 in arrears 3 in advance Remind Ss to include reasons and examples.
2 in full 4 in instalments • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
b) To practise vocabulary related to the Suggested Answer Key

topic of money and spending S1: I think I’m usually quite frugal. For example, I prefer
• Give Ss time to complete the task. to make coffees at home rather than get takeaways
• Check Ss’ answers. because I can save a lot of money that way. On the
other hand, I like to buy clothes, and I don’t usually
Answer Key wait for the sales, so I do spend money
1 at auction 3 in arrears sometimes. In fact, when it comes to clothes, I’m a
2 in instalments 4 on impulse bit of a spendthrift.
S2: I always wait for the sales, so I guess I’m a bargain-
c) To consolidate vocabulary related to the hunter. Getting a good deal makes me happy, and
topic of money and spending searching for them is exciting! In my daily life I try
to be frugal, but it’s not easy. For example, I try to
• Give Ss time to discuss the question in pairs.
make packed lunches, but I often don’t have time,
• Monitor activity, then ask various Ss to tell the
so I end up buying a sandwich. I know it’s a waste
class.
of money, but it’s not easy to be organised.
S1: The main advantage of paying in cash is that you 8 To practise prepositions
don’t pay any interest; also, it’s something
concrete and real that you can hold in your hand,
so you’re really aware of what you’re spending.
S2: Yes, that’s true. It’s easier not to overspend. What Answer Key
about paying by credit card? Well, you can buy 1 to 2 of 3 for 4 for 5 after
things on credit, so you can buy things that you
couldn’t afford otherwise.
9 To present and practise phrasal verbs
S1: I don’t think that’s very good, though. You could
related to shopping
get into debt so easily that way.
S2: Yes, but what if you ran out of money at the end of • Give Ss time to complete the task.
the month? With a credit card you could still buy • Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II.
things, and just pay for them later. That way you Answer Key
wouldn’t have to worry so much about your
1 around 3 back 5 into
financial situation.
2 out 4 out of
S1: You have a point, but I’m not so sure. Well, what
about a store card? I think sometimes they give • Optional extension: Ask Ss to write their own
you rebates or points and you can get money back sentences using the phrasal verbs and then read
or something. them out to the class.
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6 Module
10 To practise word formation c) To identify the uses of conditional
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. structures
• Check Ss’ answers on the board. • Draw Ss’ attention to the zero, 1st, 2nd and 3rd
Answer Key type conditional answers from the text on the
board. Ask concept questions as follows:
1 developmental 5 commercials
2 personalised 6 suggestions 0 conditional = ... when we go shopping, we
tend to spend money ... (Does this happen
3 sensors 7 selectively
every time we go shopping? Yes. Can we use
4 facial 8 intrusive
if instead of when? Yes. What tenses are
used? Present tenses.)
Type 1 conditional = If you are already willing to
6c Grammar in use spend money on an item, you may agree to buy
... (Are you willing to spend money on an
item? Maybe. We don’t know. Let’s say you
1 a) To present conditionals and wishes are. Will you agree to buy? Again, maybe. It
• Write if (should, unless) on the board and says ‘may’ not ‘will’.)
explain that these words are used to form Type 2 conditional = If we knew the tricks of the
conditionals. trade, would we fall victim to a sales pitch so
• Ask Ss to look at the Grammar Reference easily? (Do we know the tricks of the trade? No.
section (p. GR12) and elicit how verb tenses So are we talking about a real situation? No.)
change for type 0, 1, 2 and 3 conditionals. Write Type 3 conditional = If I hadn’t fallen for that
the tables on the board. trick, I wouldn’t have spent so much money.
• Give Ss time to read the text and choose the (Did the speaker fall for the trick? Yes. Did
correct items. the speaker spend a lot of money? Yes. Can
• Check Ss’ answers. he/she change the situation? No.)
Answer Key • Give Ss time to match the conditional structures
1 owned 3 may agree 5 would 7 hadn’t to their uses. Refer Ss to the Grammar
2 knew 4 refused 6 will throw fallen Reference section for more information.
b) To identify different types of Answer Key

conditionals in a text a general truth = Type 0 conditional
• Explain the task and give Ss time to find an imaginary situation that is contrary to facts in the
examples of the different types of conditionals present = Type 2 conditional
in the text. Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference a very probable situation in the present or future = Type
section for more information. 1 conditional
• Check Ss’ answers. Write the sentences on the an imaginary situation which is contrary to facts in the
board. past = Type 3 conditional
Answer Key
0 conditional = ... when we go shopping, we tend to 2 To practise conditionals
spend money ... Type 1 conditional = If you are already
willing to spend money on an item, you may agree to
buy ...
Answer Key
Type 2 conditional = If we knew the tricks of the trade,
would we fall victim to a sales pitch so easily? 1 makes 3 do not stop
2 would shop 4 would have turned
Type 3 conditional = If I hadn’t fallen for that trick, I
wouldn’t have spent so much money.
Mixed conditional = ... if you refused their first offer you 3 To practise mixed conditionals
will feel guilty ... • Write the following sentences on the board: I ate
Inverted conditional = ... should you buy the product two pies for lunch, and now I feel terrible.; I think
today, they will throw in ... Susan didn’t study for the test yesterday, and she
failed the exam today.; Phil isn’t serious about
finding a job. He missed the interview yesterday.
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Module 6
• Point out that all three examples combine the past Sam wishes she hadn’t bought that expensive
and the present/future, and therefore cannot be dress. (Did she buy the dress? Yes, she did. Is she
dealt with using the standard conditionals. We need happy about it? No, she’s not. She regrets it.)
mixed conditional sentences. Give the Ss the first I wish you would stop whistling! (Are you
half of each conditional sentence and elicit the rest whistling? Yes, I am. Is the speaker happy about
from around the class: If I hadn’t eaten two pies it? No, he/she’s not. He/She is politely telling me to
for lunch, I wouldn’t feel terrible now.; If Susan stop.)
had studied yesterday, she wouldn’t have failed I wish Ken would stop spending money! (Is Ken
the exam today.; If Phil was serious about finding spending money? Yes, he is. Is the speaker
a job, he wouldn’t have missed the interview happy about it? No, he/she’s not. He/She would
yesterday. like Ken’s behaviour to change.)
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. • Explain the task and give Ss time to match the
Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section for highlighted sections to their purposes. Refer Ss to
more information. the Grammar Reference section for more
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers. information.
1 d Type 3 + Type 2, unreal past + unreal present Answer Key
2 c Type 2 + Type 1, unreal present + real present ... we tend to spend money that we wish we hadn’t. =
3 b Type 3 + Type 2, unreal past + unreal present something we regret which happened in the past
4 a Type 2 + Type 3, unreal present + unreal past ... make us wish we owned the latest products. =
5 e Type 1 + Type 3, real present + unreal past something we would like to be different about a present
situation
4 To practise mixed conditionals We all wish products would offer us more for our
money ... = a desire for a situation to be different
• Read out the example and then give Ss time to
rewrite the sentences.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. 6 a) To practise wishes
Answer Key • Read out the example and then give Ss time to
write sentences.
2 If Mike had been tidying the stock room all morning,
it wouldn’t look so messy.
3 I wouldn’t have spent so much today if I wasn’t Suggested Answer Key
getting paid tomorrow. 2 I wish/If only I hadn’t missed out on the special offer
4 If Mary was better at closing a deal, she wouldn’t last week.
have gone on a sales techniques course. 3 I wish/If only I didn’t have to study today. I would
5 If William had been hiring enough staff they could like to go shopping.
have reached their sales targets. 4 I wish/ If only I hadn’t purchased this item!
• Optional extension: Play a game. Ask S1 to write a
conditional statement on the board (i.e. If I study a b) To practise wishes by talking about
lot, I will pass my exams.) and then ask S2 to use yourself
the second part of the conditional to form a new • Explain the task and give Ss’ time to complete it
conditional (i.e. If I pass my exams, my parents will pairs.
buy me a new laptop.) Continue in this manner. • Monitor activity and then ask various Ss to tell
How long can Ss keep writing? Encourage all Ss to the class.
participate.
5 To present wishes S1: I wish I didn’t have so much homework because I
would like more free time to do my hobbies. I also
• Write the following examples on the board and ask
the concept questions in brackets around the wish my dog would stop waking me up at 6 am!
class: S2: If only I had enough money to buy really nice
Tony wishes he didn’t have so much work. (Does shoes! I wish we didn’t have to study so much
Tony have a lot of work? Yes, he does. Is he history at school; I think it’s boring.
happy about it? No, he’s not. He would like it to be
different.)
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6 Module
7 a)
•
To present had better
Explain the task. Draw Ss’ attention to the
Theory box and refer them to the Grammar
6d Listening skills
Reference section for more information. 1 To introduce the topic
• Give Ss time to find an example of had better in • Read out the questions.
the text. • Elicit answers from various Ss around the class.
Answer Key
Well, I would say that the high street shops are the
So you had better remember these techniques the next most popular. They are where almost everybody goes.
time you go shopping (para 5) They are popular because people can go for a walk,
This expresses strong advice. and look in all the shop windows, and everything is right
there in the same area. It’s convenient. However, I don’t
b) To practise had better/would rather/
really like to shop in the big chains that are usually
would prefer
there. I prefer to buy things at second-hand shops. It’s
• Give Ss time to complete the task. better for the environment, and often you can find great
• Check Ss’ answers. quality things at very low prices. It takes more patience
Answer Key however, because you can’t always find exactly what
1 had told 3 train 5 apply you need. Some of my friends like to shop at little
2 spent 4 had paid 6 to pay boutiques because the clothes there are unique and
not factory produced. They are a bit too pricey for me,
though.
8 a) To present other phrases with
hypothetical meaning
2 a) To prepare for a listening task
Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section • Give Ss time to check the words in the Word
for more information. List.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Ask various Ss to explain the meanings of the
Answer Key words.
1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c Answer Key
take a battering (phr) = to do badly in sth
b) To practise using other phrases with aspiring (adj) = would-be
hypothetical meaning boom in (phr) = rapid prosperity (e.g. of economy)
• Give Ss time to rewrite the sentences. revenue (n) = income
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. tedious (adj) = boring
Answer Key limitation (n) = a restriction
inventory (n) = the stock of a store
1 I have to go shopping even if it rains/Even if it rains,
warehouse (n) = a storehouse for goods
I have to go shopping.
invaluable (adj) = that you appreciate highly
2 I don’t go to the shop unless I need a lot.
the exception that proves the rule (phr) = a counter
3 All items are reduced when there is a sale.
example to a rule which is used to show that the rule
4 Suppose you had a million pounds, what would you
exists
buy?
b) To prepare for a listening task
9 To practise key word transformations • Give Ss time to read the questions and options
• Give Ss time to complete the task. and circle the key words.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
1 means you will not be 1 Key words: Brian, high street shops, doing poorly,
2 the salesperson’s help, I would because, not have, Internet, global financial
3 not doing what the man advised situation, lack, council funding
4 would have been better if
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Module 6
2 Key words: Katie, small retailers, don’t have talent, opt (for sth) (v) = to select sth
starting, website, lack, investment, sell online, can’t warrant (v) = to justify sth
afford, website vigilant (adj) = alert
3 Key words: Katie, retail shopping, cannot be
rivalled, feeling, range, returns policy b) To prepare for a listening task
4 Key words: Brian, shoppers, put off, time, weekend, • Give Ss time to read the questions and options
hours, number of shops and circle the key words.
5 Key words: Kate, says, shops, bad customer service, • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
people, don’t know, want to buy, sales assistant, vital
Answer Key
c) To do a multiple choice listening task 1 Key words: Rob, boom in online shopping, result of,
ease, comfort, speed
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and choose 2 Key words: Rob, online shopping, chore, shops,
the correct answers. basic items, retail shopping, exciting
• Check Ss’ answers. 3 Key words: Brian, online shopping, more expensive,
Answer Key hidden costs, cheaper
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 C 4 Key words: Rob, online shoppers, patient, save
money, shop around, best price, order more, need
d) To listen and complete a table 5 Key words: Rob, online safety, no longer, issue,
better, past, managed, care
• Explain the task and then play the recording again.
• Ss listen and complete the table.
c) To do a multiple choice listening task
Answer Key • Play the recording twice. Ss listen and choose
the correct answers.
Retail Shopping • Check Ss’ answers.
Pro Justification
Answer Key
1 It’s a nice 1 It’s a fun day out.
experience. 2 You can’t tell if it will suit 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 C
2 You can try on you otherwise./You don’t
clothes. have to return them. d) To listen and complete a table
3 There is customer 3 You can get help finding • Explain the task and then play the recording
service. what you are looking for. again.
Con Justification • Ss listen and complete the table.
1 There are crowds. 1 Shops can be busy at • Check Ss’ answers.
2 You can’t always weekends. Answer Key
find what you’re 2 This wastes time.
looking for and have 3 Your size might not be Online Shopping
to visit many shops. available. Pro Justification
3 There is reduced
1 Convenience 1 You can do it from the
inventory.
2 Range comfort of your home,
3 Prices are generally any time, quickly.
3 a) To prepare for a listening task lower. 2 They are many sites of
• Give Ss time to check the words in the Word List. all kinds to choose from,
• Ask various Ss to explain the meanings of the 3 Online shops don’t have
words. the running costs.
Answer Key Con Justification
convenience (n) = ease 1 You miss out on 1 You’re just sitting in front
hardware store (n) = a shop selling home tools, shopping experience of a computer.
equipment 2 There are shipping 2 Raises prices and you
contend with (phr v) = to struggle against sth costs. don’t find out until the
overheads (pl n) = the general expenses of a business 3 Items take time to end.
(e.g. rent, electricity, etc) get to you. 3 This wastes time.
running costs (pl n) = expenses to maintain sth
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6 Module
4 To personalise the topic I’d like to make a complaint = making a complaint
• Read out the questions and direct Ss’ attention to what we could do is = offering a solution
the answers in Exs 2d and 3d. Ask them to work in I was rather hoping = requesting something
pairs and answer the questions. What really upset me, though, was = making
• Monitor activity and then ask various Ss to tell the a complaint
class. sorry to have kept you waiting = responding to
a complaint
S1: Well, I would say that retail shopping fulfils my b) To complete a dialogue
requirements because it’s an enjoyable experience • Give Ss time to read the dialogue and fill the
for me. I wouldn’t want to buy most products online gaps.
because I want to see the item in person and touch • Play the recording for Ss to check their answers.
it and if it’s clothing, try it on. Also, I don’t like to
Answer Key
wait – I want to take the item home with me.
S2: I don’t really like shopping, so I guess what’s 1 sorry to have kept you waiting
important in the shopping experience for me is to 2 I’d like to make a complaint
get it over with as quickly and easily as possible, 3 I was rather hoping
and of course to end up with the item I want. 4 What really upset me, though, was
S1: But don’t you enjoy walking around with your 5 please accept my apologies
friends and looking in all the shop windows? 6 what we could do is
S2: I don’t mind that, but that’s not what I do when I • Ask Ss to work in pairs and read out the
need to buy something. When I need to make a dialogue.
purchase it’s important to me to find out • Monitor activity around the class.
information about what’s available, then make a
smart choice.
2 To role play a situational dialogue
S1: So, I guess online shopping better fulfils your
requirements, then. • Explain the task and ask pairs of Ss to take roles
S2: I don’t really prefer one method, retail or online, and act out a dialogue similar to the one in Ex. 1
over the other. I do like that I can check out a lot of using the language in the Useful Language box.
competing shops online and find the cheapest • Remind Ss that they can use their own ideas or the
price easily. That might take all day if I had to go ideas in Ex. 1.
around all the retail shops. And often I can’t find • Write this diagram on the board for Ss to follow.
what I want in the high street shops. I have far
more options to choose from online. But I agree A B
with you that it’s better to try on clothes, and I’d Greet customer and Say you have a
never order groceries on line because it’s easy to ask how you can help. complaint.
just go to the supermarket. Ask what is wrong. Say you wanted to
S1: Well, I prefer retail shopping because I would Say that you cannot return your item.
rather talk to a sales person than read stuff on the accept returns. Complain about
Internet. I like getting advice from a real person. rude sales person.
Apologise and offer
solution. Accept solution.
6e Speaking skills • Monitor activity around the class, offering help if

necessary.
• Ask some pairs to act out their dialogues in front of
1 a) To introduce phrases for making and the class.
responding to complaints
• Check Ss’ answers. S1: Hello, sorry to have kept you waiting. I’m the
manager. How can I help you?
Answer Key S2: Well, I’m afraid I’d like to make a complaint.
please accept my apologies = responding to S1: What seems to be the problem?
a complaint
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Module 6
S2: Well, I bought this pair of jeans yesterday but when shops to peruse, but rather a huge selection of products
I got home I changed my mind. Your sales from the whole cyber world. And you don’t have to go
assistant told me I could only exchange it, but I’d out in the rain, and you’re not limited by store hours!
much rather have a refund. Personally, I do shop online sometimes. It’s quick, easy,
S1: I’m afraid the jeans were on sale and we can’t give and I can get things that aren’t available locally. So, I do
you a refund on a sale item; it’s company policy. believe that it has a role in our modern lives. I just think
S2: How disappointing. Also, I was really upset by the that it’s not without risks. All in all, it’s how you use this
shop assistant’s rude behaviour towards me. technology that is important. So, while I see no reason
S1: I see. First of all, I’m terribly sorry you were treated why online shopping should be forbidden altogether, it
rudely. I assure you that we take customer service probably shouldn’t be encouraged either.
very seriously and I will look into it right away. To
make amends, we could offer you a credit note 4 a) To evaluate a speaker
that you can spend in the store at your
convenience. • Play the recording.
S2: OK, I guess that would be fine. Thank you. • Ss listen to the model answer and tick the boxes.
S1: You’re welcome. • Check Ss’ answers.
Answer Key
3 To argue a case 1 no 2 no 3 yes 4 yes 5 yes
• Explain the task and read out the text and the
b) To analyse a model answer
questions. Then go through the points that are
given. Remind Ss that they can use this information • Ss work in pairs and compare the model answer
to fully develop their answers. to their own.
• Ss work in pairs and take turns answering the • Elicit observations from Ss around the class.
questions. (Ss’ own answers)
• Monitor activity, then ask various Ss to do the task
in front of the class.
Well, I know that online shopping is becoming very
6f Writing
popular and a lot of people believe it is the way forward,
1 To analyse a rubric
but I’m not sure that it should be encouraged. My
biggest concern is the security risks associated with • Read through the theory box on for-and-against
online shopping. essays and check Ss’ understanding.
We’ve all heard horror stories about credit card details • Ask Ss to read the rubric and then elicit what the
being stolen, and some poor victim’s bank accounts key words are.
being completely emptied, or a huge debt run up; and • Give Ss time to answer the questions.
when shopping online there is always a risk of someone • Check Ss’ answers.
intercepting your financial information. It’s widely said
Answer Key
that shopping online is quite safe nowadays, because
security is much better, and if you are reasonably You’ve had a class discussion about online banking.
careful you won’t face higher than normal risks when Now, your teacher has asked you to write an essay
using your card. However, I think that the issue of discussing the advantages and disadvantages of
online security is so technical and complex, and online banking. Write your essay (approximately
changes so quickly, that we never really know. It is 220-260 words).
probably not as safe as people believe.
Furthermore, I think that the ease of online shopping 1 I have to write an essay for my teacher.
and the lower prices that seem like such good deals, 2 No. They should be discussed in separate
combined with the fact that no physical money is paragraphs.
involved, could make it extremely easy for people to 3 It should be written in formal style.
overspend. Obviously this is not a problem for everyone, 4 Arguments should be supported with examples
but for people who have trouble managing their money, and/or justifications.
the effect could be devastating. Imagine, you love 5 The main body should have two paragraphs.
shopping and suddenly you don’t just have the local 6 A topic sentence.
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6 Module
2 To analyse a model; to choose the Suggested Answer Key
appropriate linkers. There are a number of arguments in favour of online
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. banking. = Online banking has a number of advantages.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. On the other hand, banking online has its share of
drawbacks. = Nevertheless, online banking is not
Answer Key
without its problems.
1 One of the main 7 This is because
advantages of 8 As a result b) To practise linkers
2 For instance 9 A further common
3 This means that criticism
4 Moreover, 10 This is due to the fact
5 On the other hand, 11 To conclude, Answer Key
6 To begin with, a One of the main advantages of
b A further common criticism of
3 a) To analyse a model essay c Moreover
d On the other hand
• Give Ss time to complete the task. e For instance, This means that; This is because,
• Check Ss’ answers. As a result, This is due to the fact
Answer Key f To conclude
A – the third, B – the forth, C – the second, D – the first
c) To practise linkers
b) To identify arguments and their • Give Ss time to complete the task.
justifications • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to complete the table. Answer Key
a One of the most important benefits of
Answer Key b Another disadvantage of
FOR c Secondly
Arguments d Nevertheless
1 convenience e For example, consequently; This is due to,
2 fast/saves time In this way
f All things considered
Examples/Justifications
1 always available, accounts can be accessed
24 hours a day 5 To revise techniques for beginning and
2 do transactions at home instead of waiting in ending essays
queues • Refer the Ss to the theory box on p. 104 and ask
FOR them to identify the techniques used to begin and
end the model essay.
Arguments • Give them time to come up with alternatives using
1 there is a security risk another technique.
2 lack of customer service • Check Ss’ answers.
Examples/Justifications
1 susceptible to hackers/lead to fraud, identity Suggested Answer Key
theft The writer begins the essay by addressing the reader
2 no direct contact with bank staff directly and ends by giving the reader something to
consider.
New beginning: These days, we seem to use the
4 a) To identify topic sentences
Internet for everything. (starting with an objective
• Give Ss time to locate the topic sentences. statement)
• Check Ss’ answers. New ending: And in our hectic modern world, who
• Elicit other appropriate topic sentences. doesn’t need to save time? (ending with a rhetorical
question)
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Module 6
6 To present and practise techniques of 6 A successful business is the result of three things:
cohesion quality products; reasonable prices; and good
• Go through the theory box on the Techniques of customer service.
cohesion and check Ss’ understanding.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to rewrite the 8 a) To categorise information; to identify
sentences using the techniques of cohesion advantages and disadvantages
indicated at the end of the sentence. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
1 We need to rethink the effect of advertising on the 1 advantage 4 advantage
consumer; in other words, we need to consider how 2 disadvantage 5 disadvantage
adverts influence people to buy products. 3 disadvantage
2 Living on credit will become a reality for most
people soon, although it has been the norm for b) To match points with appropriate
some of us for many years already. justifications/examples/reasons; to write
3 Due to the increasing workload, some shop paragraphs
assistants have to work the morning shift and now
• Ask Ss to match the points with their
the evening shift as well.
justifications and then check Ss’ answers.
4 Local farmers sell fresh produce themselves or they
• Give Ss time to write their paragraphs using the
sell it to local vendors. Perhaps the most cost
ideas provided, cohesive techniques, and
effective way is the former.
appropriate punctuation.
5 For a university graduate, getting a job is
• Ask various Ss to read out their paragraphs in
undoubtedly an important step; indeed, for many
front of the class.
university graduates, getting a job is the start of
their careers. Answer Key
6 It is not enough to teach subjects like economics; 1 e 2 b 3 a 4 d 5 c
we also need to educate students on how to
manage their personal finances. Suggested Answer Key
7 Interest rates shouldn’t be higher, in fact, they There are a number of advantages to shopping in high
should be lower. street fashion shops. First of all, they are conveniently
located in town centres. This means that they are
accessible; shoppers can get there easily using public
7 To correct errors in punctuation
transport such as the train, bus or tram. Secondly, they
• Go through the punctuation box with Ss. enable young people to stay in fashion easily. This is
• Give Ss time to read the sentences and find and because they offer the latest styles, with many choices,
correct the mistakes. at reasonable prices.
• Check Ss’ answers. On the other hand, shopping at high street fashion
Answer Key shops also has drawbacks. For instance, the clothing
can often be of poor quality. For example, sometimes
1 Consumer spending – which has increased
they are not even sewn properly. This is due to the fact
enormously in recent years – represents the bulk of
that the clothes tend to be manufactured in factories at
credit card debt.
a very low cost. In addition, most large chains do not
2 These so-called ‘deals’ are actually more expensive
support the local economy. This is because the profits
than in competing shops.
go to large international corporations. Finally, it can be
3 If the previous generation were faced with the flood
difficult to find original items in the high street shops.
of marketing messages consumers now receive,
As a result, if you shop there, you are likely to see other
they would soon yell out, “Too much!”
people wearing the same clothes.
4 Trusting an online bank is an issue for two reasons:
identity theft and operational error.
5 Businesses are becoming increasingly competitive 9 To practise linkers and linking phrases
in their search for the best available workers; some • Explain the task, and draw Ss’ attention to the
have even offered bonus incentives. Useful Language box.
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6 Module
• Give them time to complete the task. Suggested Answer Key
• Check Ss’ answers. S1: Let’s start with security risks. I think that hackers
Suggested Answer Key could steal your credit card details and take all
1 A further common criticism of giving a gift voucher your money.
is that this indicates a lack of thought on the part of S2: Yes. Extra shipping costs are another
the gift-giver. disadvantage. This is because you can end up
2 I firmly believe that using credit cards to purchase paying more than you expected.
goods is acceptable provided that the balance is S1: Yes, there are hidden costs. For example, you
paid off every month. might not know how much you will actually pay for
3 A further serious drawback of TV advertising is that the item until you have finished the process of
it can influence younger children. paying for it. What about the unlimited selection of
4 Another point in favour of department stores is that products?
there are often other facilities like cafés and S2: Well, it’s an advantage, due to the fact that you
wedding list services. have so much choice. You can find exactly what
you want.
S1: Or a wide selection could be a disadvantage
10 a) To analyse a rubric because making a decision could get very
• Ask Ss to read the rubric and elicit which are the confusing.
key words. S2: That’s true. Cheaper prices are definitely a good
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. thing. This way, you can save money.
• Check Ss’ answers. S1: But if you can’t see or try on products, this means
that you don’t know if they’re suitable for you and
Answer Key
as a result you might have to return them because
You’ve had a class discussion about online they don’t fit, or you don’t like the colour or the
shopping. Now your teacher has asked you to write quality.
an essay presenting the pros and cons of online S2: Well, a great benefit of online shopping is the
shopping. Write your essay (220-260 words). convenience. For instance, you can do your
shopping in the comfort of your home, at any time
1 I have to write an essay. of the day or night.
2 I am a student and the target reader is my teacher. S1: Yes, and in this way you can save a lot of time.
3 Formal style.
4 4 paragraphs. d) To prepare for a writing task; to listen
5 One main body paragraph will include the pros and for justifications
the other will include the cons.
• Play the recording. Ss listen and make notes of
6 I could include a summary and my own opinion.
the justifications given for each point.
b) To prepare for a writing task; • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
to categorise information Answer Key
• Give Ss time to do the task. security risks – don’t know if sites are safe and
• Check Ss’ answers. legitimate
extra shipping costs – might end up paying more than
Answer Key
product is worth
1 disadvantage 4 advantage unlimited selection of products – can shop for anything
2 disadvantage 5 disadvantage from clothes to gadgets
3 advantage 6 advantage cheaper prices – online shops don’t have high
operating costs
c) To prepare for a writing task; to practise
can not see or try products – clothes might be the
justifications
wrong size and not fit
• Ask Ss to work in pairs and think of justifications convenience – can shop from home, saves time
for each point.
• Monitor activity around the class, offering help if
11 To write a for-and-against essay
needed.
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. • Give Ss time to complete the task using the Useful
Language box and their answers from Ex. 10.
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Module 6
• Remind Ss to use topic sentences, techniques of
cohesion and appropriate punctuation. Ask Ss to Background information
start and end their essay using one of the Leaf van Boven is a professor of psychology and
beginning/ending techniques. neuroscience at the University of Colorado, in the
• After Ss have finished writing, ask them to check USA. He does research in the fields of social
their work against the Checklist. Or Ss can psychology, judgement and decision making, and
exchange essays and check their partner’s work behavioural economics.
against the checklist.
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check Ss’ 2 To practise word formation
Suggested Answer Key • Check Ss’ answers on the board.
Online shopping is becoming more popular every day. Answer Key
But is it a good idea? Like most things, it has
1 unsuccessful 5 ineffective
advantages and disadvantages.
2 pronunciation 6 discovery
Shopping online has definite drawbacks. A major point
3 instinctively 7 psychological
against it is that you cannot see or try the item before
4 imprinted 8 findings
you buy it. As a result, clothing might not fit, or the
colour or quality may be unsatisfactory, and gadgets
might not work. This necessitates returning the item, 3 To practise key word transformations
which can be a waste of time and money. Secondly, • Give Ss time to complete the task.
there are security risks. For example, hackers could • Remind Ss not to write more than six words and to
steal your credit card details or you might make a use the word in capitals.
purchase from a site that is not legitimate. • Check Ss’ answers.
On the other hand, online shopping offers a number of
benefits. One of the main benefits is its convenience; for Answer Key
instance you can shop from the comfort of your own 1 only I hadn’t/had not bought
home, at any time. This means you need not worry about 2 turned out to be less
shopping hours, crowds, or bad weather. In addition, 3 wouldn’t/would not have bumped into
there is often a wider selection of products available 4 however hard I try
online. As a result, you can find items that are not 5 my parents hadn’t/had not helped me
available in your hometown. Finally, though you will have 6 could have bought
to pay for shipping, shopping online is usually cheaper
due to the fact that online shops have low running costs. 4 To practise grammar structures
In conclusion, I believe the convenience and selection
available online makes this kind of shopping very useful • Give Ss time to do the task.
in some situations. With care and research you can • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
keep your credit card details safe and avoid buying Answer Key
products you do not like. I think that online shopping is 1 C – participle clause referring to the past
probably the way of the future. 2 A – fixed phrase ‘be set to’ = be going to
3 A – what + subject + verb
5
6
D – participle clause
D – Type 3 conditional
B – expression take my word for it
1 To read for cohesion and coherence 7 D – verb + object + adj
8 D – -ing form (as adj) + noun
• Give Ss time to read the text and think of a suitable 9 B – causative structure
word to fit in each gap. 10 B – fronting of adjective for emphasis
• Check Ss’ answers. 11 C – little + uncountable noun = not a lot
Answer Key 12 D – cleft sentence for emphasis
13 B – expression put your mind to it
1 of 3 fewer 5 who 7 across
14 C – passive form of the present continuous form of
2 be 4 either 6 other 8 if
-ing
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6 Module
5 To practise vocabulary poorly (adv) = badly
• Give Ss time to do the task. drastically (adv) = extremely
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain or elicit the meanings incident (n) = an issue
of any unknown words. occurrence (n) = a happening
circumstance (n) = a condition
Answer Key instance (n) = an example
1 C 4 B 7 D 10 D 13 A plunge (v) = to drop fast
2 C 5 D 8 C 11 A 14 B swoop (v) = (of a bird) to fly down on its prey
3 B 6 C 9 C 12 B lapse (v) = to come to stop
tendency (n) = a habit descend (v) = to physically go down
tool (n) = an instrument electronic (adj) = (of equipment) using electric current
tactic (n) = a strategy digital (adj) = electronic
token (n) = a symbol technical (adj) = mechanical
picture (v) = to imagine sth binary (adj) = relating to a two-digit numbering system
rank (v) = to classify
consider (v) = to take sth into account
rate (v) = to evaluate sth
trustworthy (adj) = reliable
Language Focus 6
naïve (adj) = gullible
1 To present and practise new vocabulary on
tasteless (adj) = inappropriate
the topic of advertising
helpless (adj) = defenceless
agreement (n) = a deal • Give Ss time to complete the task.
guarantee (n) = a warranty • Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit the meanings of
pledge (n) = a promise any unknown words.
assurance (n) = a word of honour
Answer Key
precisely (adv) = exactly
truly (adv) = really 1 promote 3 deliver 5 convey
closely (adv) = (of watching, controlling, etc) very 2 released 4 employ
carefully
wisely (adv) = intelligently 2 To present and practise new vocabulary on
dividends (n) = profit shares the topic of shopping
proceeds (pl n) = profits • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
expenses (pl n) = costs • Check Ss’ answers.
revenue (n) = income
adjustment (n) = a small change Answer Key
adaptation (n) = a modification 1 imports 3 transaction 5 stock
amendment (n) = a correction in a document 2 priced 4 offered
alteration (n) = (of clothes) resizing
opening (n) = an available job
3 To present and practise new vocabulary on
blank (n) = the empty space in an application form,
the topic of money and spending
exercise, etc
vacancy (n) = an empty room to rent in a hotel, etc • Give Ss time to fill in the words.
breach (n) = a physical gap • Check Ss’ answers.
share (n) = (of profits) a percentage Answer Key
settlement (n) = a financial arrangement
1 withdraw 4 invest 7 savings
instalment (n) = a partial payment
2 owe 5 fee 8 expenses
debt (n) = money owed
3 deposit 6 loan
concept (n) = an idea
image (n) = a perception of sth
notion (n) = a concept 4 To practise vocabulary on the topic of
can’t stand the thought of (doing sth) (phr) = can’t money and spending; to write sentences
bear the idea of (doing sth) • Explain the task and give Ss time to categorise the
partially (adv) = partly words.
lightly (adv) = gently
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Module 6
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit the meanings of Answer Key
any unknown words. 1 Have you ever seen 7 told
• Ask Ss’ to write a sentence using each of the 2 it 8 of
words. 3 couldn’t 9 do not wear
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. 4 to find 10 out/away
Answer Key 5 when 11 would
6 such 12 have always dreamt
generous = big-hearted, charitable
stingy = miserly, penny-pinching, mean, tight-fisted
poor = hard-up, broke
rich = prosperous, affluent, well-off, wealthy Progress Check 6
1 To read for opinion, attitude and specific
1 Scrooge is a fictional character, who is well known
information; to do a cross-text multiple matching
for being miserly.
task
2 This town used to be more prosperous before the
recession. • Ask Ss to underline the parts of the text that
3 It was an affluent neighbourhood with modern express an opinion or attitude, then read the
homes and well-cared-for gardens. questions and underline the key words.
4 I’m a bit hard-up right now so I can’t afford to go to • Remind Ss’ that the for each question they have to
the restaurant. identify an opinion and then find similar or different
5 Ana’s family is quite well-off; she has never had to opinions given by the other reviewers.
worry about money. • Give Ss time to complete the task.
6 Don’t be penny-pinching; I think you should spend • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
more than five pounds on Mum’s birthday present. Answer Key
7 At university I was often completely broke until I got
1 B ‘If Seagal’s goal was to make his audience feel
a part-time job.
uncomfortable ... he has surely succeeded ...
8 It was a bit mean of him to complain about not
D ‘This perspective is sure to make some viewers
splitting the bill fairly.
uncomfortable, as will the subject matter itself.’
9 He’s big-hearted and often buys generous gifts for
2 C ‘So although their point is weakened ...’,
his poorer friends.
A ‘ gives the meaning of his photos tremendous
10 ‘I don’t want to go to the cinema. It’s too
strength ...’,
expensive.’ ‘Come on, don’t be so tight-fisted!’
B ‘If Segal’s goal was ... he has succeeded with
11 When I asked him what he wanted to be when he
these remarkable photos.’
grows up, he replied, ‘Wealthy!’
D ‘The warning expressed ... couldn’t be clearer.’
12 She’s a charitable person, who contributes
3 D ‘... as long as you aren’t too sensitive, it’s worth
regularly to worthy causes.
checking out.’
A ‘... that everyone should make a point of
5 To present/practise idioms related to seeing.’
money 4 A ‘Importantly, he chose to photograph people
• Give Ss time to do the task. from all walks of life and ages.’
• Check Ss’ answers. D ‘He made an admirable effort to include a
variety of ages and different social backgrounds
Answer Key ...
1 foot the bill 4 save for a rainy day
2 cost an arm and a leg 5 strapped for cash Background information
3 a licence to print money
Gregg Segal is a photographer from Los Angeles,
California. He specialises in photos of architecture as
Grammar in Focus
well as documentary and conceptual photography.
To practise grammar structures Seven Days of Garbage is a series of photos by
Gregg Segal, that began in 2014 and continues until
the present. Most of the photos were taken in
California in the garden of the photographer.
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6 Module
2 To consolidate vocabulary from the module • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check Ss’
• Check Ss’ answers. answers in the next lesson.
Answer Key Suggested Answer Key
1 prosperous 4 alerts If your bank offered you a credit card, would you
2 returns 5 engaging accept it? It is a question most people are faced with at
3 compelling some time, and making the right choice can be tricky.
While credit cards can offer benefits, they have
drawbacks, too.
3 To consolidate vocabulary from the module There are some definite advantages to having a credit
• Give Ss time to complete the task. card. First of all, if you were to run out of money at the
• Check Ss’ answers. end of the month, you could still buy necessities. As a
result, life could be a great deal less stressful.
Answer Key
Secondly, if a credit card is paid off each month
1 deals 3 distribution 5 split promptly, you build up a good credit history.
2 broke 4 instalments Consequently, you would be more likely to be given a
loan or mortgage in the future.
4 To do a multiple choice listening task On the other hand, credit cards have a number of
disadvantages. The most serious disadvantage is that it
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and choose the
is exceedingly easy to overspend. As a result, you could
correct answers.
end up with a lot of unnecessary items and no money.
Moreover, credit cards usually charge extremely high
Answer Key interest rates. This means that if you do not pay them
1 B 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 B off right away, you end up spending more for your
purchases than you would have otherwise. Finally, if
you are not careful, you could find yourself deep in
5 To revise conditionals and wishes
debt. As a result, you might be unable to pay off the
• Give Ss time to do the task. debt for many years.
• Check Ss’ answers. To my mind, even though credit cards can make life
Answer Key easier, they are still a bad idea. The risk of
overspending, paying high interest rates, and ending up
1 finalised 4 would have paid in debt are just too high. After all, if you play with fire
2 would 5 rather than risk you are likely to get burned!
3 Providing
Competences
6 To revise language used for making and Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
responding to complaints according to how competent they feel for each of the listed
• Explain the task and give Ss’ time to complete it. activities.
Answer Key
1 Sorry to have kept you waiting.
2 What’s the problem?
3 Please accept my apologies.
7 To write a for and against essay

• Give Ss time to complete the task using the ideas
from Ex. 4, Progress Check 6 if they wish.
• Remind Ss to use topic sentences, techniques of
cohesion and appropriate punctuation. Ask Ss to
start and end their essay using one of the
beginning/ending techniques.
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09OnScreen C1 Ts POL Mod 7.qxp_09OnScreen C1 Ts POL Mod 7 12/7/18 12:41 PM Page 116
Module 7 Back to Nature

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of nature & outdoor 7d Listening skills 120
activities, landscapes & geographical features, extreme
weather & natural phenomena, sounds in nature. Lesson Objectives: to listen for specific information; to
listen for gist
Module page 113 Vocabulary: from script (emulate, suburbs, standing wave,
phenomena, hotspot, proximity, vantage point, oblivious,
counterpart, catch a wave, floodlights, illuminate, bucket list,
introduce key vocabulary for exploring nature & outdoor
once-in-a-lifetime, evaluate, prompt sb to do sth, see sb in a
activities
different light, excursion, do sb/sth the world of good)
Vocabulary: exploring nature & outdoor activities (massive
sinkhole, crystal-clear waters, intricate coral reef, intrepid 7e Speaking skills 121
adventure seeker, alpine lakes, powdery snow, striking
landscape, mind-blowing, coarse volcanic ash, jagged rock, Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
slender ledges, fainthearted) for narrating an experience & showing interest, to act out a
dialogue narrating an experience & showing interest, to
7a Reading 114-115 compare pictures
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for coherence and 7f Writing 122-125
cohesion, to write an email about an experience
Vocabulary: nouns (fringe, slap, ice floe, slush ice, Lesson Objectives: to analyse a rubric/model, to practise
coordination, wipeout); adjectives (razor-sharp, stinging, descriptive techniques, to practise techniques for
integral, harsh, insulating, glorious, creeping, ever-present, beginnings and endings of a narrative, to practise inversion,
towering, precious); verbs (defy, pound, scramble, drift, to write a narrative
paddle, venture, trigger, slip, slide, shiver, soar); phrases
(stroke of luck, tip the scales, seek sth out); adverbs Language Knowledge 7 126-127
(frantically) Lesson Objectives: to practise multiple choice cloze, to
practise word formation, to practise key word
7b Vocabulary 116-117 transformations, to consolidate vocabulary and grammar
Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to structures
landscapes & geographical features, to learn words/phrases
related to extreme weather & natural phenomenon, to learn Language Focus 7 128
prepositions, to learn phrasal verbs, to practise word Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
formation on extreme weather and geographical features, to practise
Vocabulary: landscapes & geographical features (estuary, idioms related to nature
sand dunes, dam, reservoir, swamp, ridge, peak, jetty, Vocabulary: extreme weather (torrential rain, territorial, point,
peninsula, reef); extreme weather & natural phenomena crest of a wave, dust storm, cyclone, meltwater, flash flood,
(balmy, nippy, a cold snap, haze, blustery, breezy, drizzle, current, draught); geographical features (gushing waterfall,
drought, roasting, muggy, flurry, patch of fog, soil erosion, deep canyon, windswept moor, snow-capped mountain,
slush, flood alerts, battering, storm surge, forecaster, high melting glacier, vertical cliff, colourful/breathtaking/glowing
tide, evacuate, pound against, water levels, rustle, crunch, sunset, fluffy/scattered/dark/low clouds, clear blue/starry/
howl, rumble, patter); phrasal verbs (come through, move in, overcast/menacing sky, bright/blazing/rising/setting sun,
let up, cut off, wash away) murky/stagnant/flowing/rushing water); idioms (beat about
the bush, send a wave of panic, be out of the woods, put sth
7c Grammar in use 118-119 in the shade, be stone deaf)
Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise reported speech, to
practice articles/determiners/nouns Progress Check 7 129-130
Lesson Objectives: to read for coherence and cohesion, to
listen for specific information, to consolidate vocabulary &
grammar structures from the module, to revise speaking
skills, to write a narrative
116
7 Module
Module Objectives Answer Key
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module Back to Nature massive = gigantic
and ask Ss to suggest what they think the module will be crystal-clear = extremely clear
about (the module is about exploring nature, outdoor intricate = elaborate
activities, landscapes and geographical features, extreme intrepid = fearless
weather and natural phenomena). Go through the objectives alpine = high-altitude
list to stimulate Ss’ interest in the module. powdery = soft
striking = stunning
mind-blowing = astonishing
coarse = rough
• Ask Ss to read the titles of the blog entries. Elicit jagged = pointed
what, if anything, they know about the places. slender = narrow
• Give Ss time to read the blog entries and watch the fainthearted = cowardly
video to find out more.
Suggested Answer Key 3 To personalise the topic
The only one of these places that I have heard of before • Read out the question and elicit answers from Ss
is Everest Base Camp, in Nepal. I know it is a very around the class.
popular place with climbers because Mt Everest is the • Ask Ss to explain why the place they chose appeals
highest mountain in the world, so it is the dream of many to them.
climbers to reach the summit. The base camp is the last
reasonably accessible place on the way to the summit.
After the base camp, the climb becomes very difficult. Cerro Negro, Nicaragua, appeals to me the most because
I like trekking and I would love to see the tropical
landscape and the plants and animals. I also think
climbing to the top of an active volcano would be exciting
Belize is a country in Central America, south of and sand boarding down a volcano looks amazing!
Mexico and north of Guatemala. It has a population
of 368,310 people. English is the first language of the
Words of wisdom
country, and Spanish is the second.
Austria is a country in Central Europe. It has a • Give Ss time to read the quotation and discuss in
population of more than 8 million people, and the pairs what they think it means.
language spoken there is German. Most of Austria is • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
mountainous. Suggested Answer Key
Nicaragua is a country in Central America, between
This quote from famous scientist Albert Einstein raises
Honduras and Costa Rica. It has a population of
an interesting point about the power of the natural
around 6 million people and Spanish is the official
world. It reminds us that we can always discover
language.
important things and develop our understanding of the
Everest Base Camp is located part way up Mt
world by examining nature.
Everest, the highest mountain in the world. It is a
place where climbers rest on the way up and down
the mountain.
Nepal is a country in the Himalayan Mountains, in
South Asia. It is bordered by India and China. It has a 7a Reading
population of more than 26 million people. The official
language is Nepali. Mt Everest is in Nepal. 1 a) To introduce the topic
Read out the questions and elicit answers from Ss
around the class.
2 To consolidate new vocabulary Suggested Answer Key
• Explain the task. Alaska is in the most northern part of North America.
• Give Ss time to read the blog entry again and You can expect to see wilderness such as uninhabited
replace the words in bold with words from the list. forests and expanses of tundra in the north. It is known
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit meanings of any for its high mountains with glaciers, wide river valleys
unknown words. and wild rocky coasts.
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Module 7
b) To introduce the topic; to imagine
why someone would travel to Alaska Grizzly is the common name of a type of brown bear,
Ursus arctos, which is native to North America and is
Read out the question and elicit ideas from various known for being large and aggressive towards
Ss around the class. humans.
Suggested Answer Key Cougar is the common name of a large cat, Puma
concolor, native to North and South America. It is
People might travel to Alaska to be in a remote, also called the mountain lion. It is shy and rarely seen
unspoiled natural environment. Alaska is very wild and because it tends to avoid people.
has lots of national parks, wildlife and a beautiful
landscape.
3 To read for coherence and cohesion
2 a) To personalise the topic
• Ask Ss to read the text again, paying attention to
• Ask Ss to look at the pictures and imagine that
they are there, what they can see and hear, and
how they feel.
• Remind Ss to read through the whole text again
when they have completed the task to check that it
Suggested Answer Key makes sense.
I can see a beautiful landscape with sea and mountains • Play the recording. Ss listen and check their answers.
and a lot of ice and snow. I think the sun is very bright, Answer Key
reflecting off the ice and the water. I can hear the sound 1 F 2 C 3 G 4 A 5 B 6 D
of the waves, wind, and maybe sounds of the ice
creaking, or the icicles breaking and falling as they melt • Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
in the sun. I also hear seabirds, maybe seagulls. I feel explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss
cold and my muscles ache, but I feel a lot of adrenaline to use their dictionaries to look them up.
pumping through my body. I am waiting for the next
Answer Key
wave, and I feel excited and a little afraid at the same
time. defy (v): to be able to resist sth
frantically (adv): in a panicky way
fringe (n): an outside border
b) To identify key sentences in a text
pound (v): to hit sth hard
• Ask Ss to read through the text and identify key scramble (v): to climb to a place using my hands and feet
sentences that explain how the surfers feel. drift (v): to float along with the sea current
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. stroke of luck (phr): a fortunate happening
Answer Key tip the scales (idm): (of an event) to be the determining
… Skultka swam for his life, grabbed his board and factor
paddled ashore, exhausted… paddle (v): to move sth through the water using the
… And of course you’re tired, your body temp has hands as paddles
dropped… venture (v): to dare go to a dangerous place
… You have only a few seconds underwater in subzero slap (n): a blow with an open hand
temperatures before your head is exploding and your stinging (adj): hard and hurtful
lungs are screaming… ice floe (n): a large piece of ice floating on the sea
… That would have been one of the three or four times, slush ice (n): partly melted ice
I guess, that I thought I was going to die… coordination (n): the effective combination of movements
wipeout (n): a fall from a surfboard
trigger (v): to provoke sth
slip (v): to slide and fall
Alaska is a state in the United States. It is in the slide (v): to glide
northwest of North America, above Canada. It is the shiver (v): to tremble
biggest state in the US, but has a population of only integral (adj): absolutely essential
around 380,000 people. seek sth out (phr v): to look for sth until I find it
Mount Edgecumbe is a dormant volcano located at
soar (v): to fly at a great height
the southern end of Kruzof Island, Alaska.
insulating (adj): trapping the heat
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7 Module
4 a) To consolidate new vocabulary in context like a little island out in the middle of the surf
• Ask Ss to see if they can guess the meanings of break = simile. The ice is like an island, (but it’s not –
the words from their context. it’s frozen water) and the speaker climbing onto it
• Give Ss time to use their dictionaries to check means he was using it like an island also.
the meaning of the highlighted words. That degree of cold carries with it a quiet, ever-
• Elicit answers from Ss around the class. present threat. It waits for that one mistake =
personification. Explanation: the cold is described as
Suggested Answer Key an entity that is carrying something dangerous. The
razor-sharp = extremely pointed cold is given agency; it waits for the right moment. It is
ever-present = existing all the time like an enemy, waiting to strike.
harsh = severe and hostile your head is exploding and your lungs are
towering = very tall screaming = metaphor and personification.
glorious = magnificent Explanation: The cold makes your head feel like it is
creeping = (of cold) moving slowly inside you exploding. Your lungs are screaming (as if they were a
precious = valuable person who needed help).
He was like a leaf in a river = simile. Explanation: He
b) To identify what adjectives refer to was being carried along helplessly by the current,
Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it in which was so powerful that he could do no more than a
pairs. Check Ss’ answers. leaf could.
leaked like a sieve = simile. Explanation: A sieve has
Answer Key many holes in it, used for draining food when cooking.
Razor-sharp is used to describe lava reefs, which are Here, the wetsuit had so many holes that it was like a
rocks in the water. It could also be used to describe sieve.
claws.
Ever-present is used to describe a threat. It could also 6 To consolidate information from a text
be used to describe danger.
Harsh is used to describe the environment. It could • Give Ss time to use the information in the text to
also be used to describe words. answer the questions. Remind Ss to use their own
Towering is used to describe cedar forests. It could words rather than copy directly from the text.
also be used to describe mountains. • Check Ss’ answers.
Glorious is used to describe sights. It could also be Answer Key
used to describe colours.
1 Charlie Skultka was in a fight for his life because he
Creeping is used to describe the temperature. It could
fell off his surfboard, and was carried away by the
also be used to describe shadows.
current for many miles. He could not find a safe
Precious is used to describe a commodity. It could
place to get to shore. He had to struggle to get back
also be used to describe cargo.
to land, or he would drown. Not only that, but he
then had to walk three hours through wild forest to
5 To introduce literary techniques reach his camp.
• Read out the Study Skills box and check Ss’ 2 The severe cold is extremely dangerous because it
understanding. can give surfers hypothermia, which clouds their
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it in judgement, so that they might make mistakes or
pairs. Check Ss’ answers around the class. poor decisions. Also, it can quickly kill, as people
cannot survive long in freezing water.
Answer Key 3 Some cold-water surfers do it because they live in a
The raging Pacific = personification. Explanation: The cold climate and they want to surf; they don’t have a
sea is acting as if it is angry, roaring and crashing, like a choice. Others do it because they like the challenge
person who is raging. of the cold environment, and they are moved by its
I was in the soup = metaphor. Explanation: He is saying beauty.
that the sea is soup. It gives an image of being in water
that is rough, rolling and bubbling like soup that is boiling.
hits you like a slap across the face = simile.
Explanation: The cold is like a slap, it shocks you and
stings or hurts.
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Module 7
Speaking
To consolidate information from a
7b Vocabulary
text; to express opinions
• Monitor activity and then ask various Ss to tell their
answers to the class.
Answer Key
Suggested Answer Key 1 paddle 3 leak 6 scrambled, slip
A: I think the main challenge of winter in Alaska would be 2 grabbed, 4 collided 7 pounding
the cold. There would be ice and snow everywhere, drifted 5 soaring 8 slid
and it would be dangerous to spend time outdoors. I
would feel terrible if I was stuck inside for months and
couldn’t go out. I don’t like to be cold, either. So, no, I
don’t think I would like to experience it. • Ask Ss to match the words to make phrases and
B: Yes, I agree that the cold would be difficult. But I check Ss’ answers around the class.
disagree that it’s dangerous to spend time • Give Ss time to write their own sentences using the
outdoors. You would only need to have the right phrases.
clothes and equipment, and be careful. As long as • Ask various Ss to read out their sentences to the
you are dressed properly, it would be alright. class.
A: So, would you like to experience it? Answer Key
B: Sure, why not? I think a white, icy winter environment 1 c 3 g 5 b 7 h
could be very beautiful. Also, you would be keenly 2 a 4 e 6 d 8 f
aware of the power of nature, and you would also learn
that you can endure things you might not have realised
you could. It might make you stronger and more 1 When I got out of the car, the cold air hit me like a
confident. I think it would be an interesting experience. slap across the face.
2 In an extreme climate, one mistake can trigger a
Writing fight for survival.
3 Hypothermia is dangerous because it can cloud the
senses.
To consolidate information from a text;
4 Extreme sports are popular because they push
to imagine an experience and write an email
people out of their comfort zone.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to write their 5 It was a stroke of luck that a boat passed by and
emails. rescued the surfer who had been swept out to sea.
• Ask various Ss around the class to read out their
emails.
3 a) To present new topic related vocabulary
• Explain the task and give Ss time to use their
Hi Dan, dictionaries to check the meaning of the words
I’ve just spent my first week cold-water surfing in in bold.
Alaska. It has been an amazing experience! The • Give Ss time to put the words under the correct
landscape is so breathtakingly beautiful, and the sea headings.
seems so powerful that it’s awe-inspiring. • Check Ss’ answers.
The cold is quite difficult to cope with, though. I had to
Answer Key
rent a special wetsuit and I’ve really pushed my body to
estuary = a river mouth
the limit. Sometimes I got so cold I couldn’t think
sand dune = a hill of sand created by the wind
clearly, so I had to stop. Luckily, I was surfing with
dam = a man-made wall across a river
several experienced cold-water surfers, so they could
reservoir = an artificial lake
help me realise when conditions were becoming
swamp = a marsh
unsafe. Of course, just being in that unspoilt
ridge = a long narrow section at the highest part of
environment made all the challenges worthwhile.
a mountain
You should come next year!
peak = a summit
Speak soon,
jetty = a pier
William
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7 Module
peninsula = an area of land surrounded by water on Answer Key
three sides 1 alerts 4 forecasters 7 pounded
reef = a coral or rocky section of land just under the 2 battering 5 tide 8 levels
surface of the sea 3 surge 6 evacuate
Rivers/Bodies Manmade
Coasts Mountains
of water features 6 To speak about extreme weather
sand dunes ridge swamp dam
Read out the question. Ask various Ss to tell the class.
reef peak estuary jetty
peninsula reservoir reservoir Suggested Answer Key
estuary In England we experience lots of kinds of bad and good
weather. One example of bad weather is heavy rain,
which often causes floods. An example of good
b) To describe pictures using topic-related
weather is the summer sun that brings lovely conditions
vocabulary
without very high temperatures or risk of sunburn.
• Direct Ss attention to the pictures and explain
the task.
• Give Ss a few minutes to complete the task. 7 To listen and write about extreme weather
• Elicit answers from Ss around the class. • Explain the task and then play the recording.
Suggested Answer Key • Ss listen and identify the prompts that are mentioned.
• Give Ss time to write their own stories.
In picture B, there is a huge concrete dam with a
• Check Ss’ answers and ask various Ss to read their
reservoir behind it. In the background, I can see two
stories to the class.
mountain peaks.
In picture C, I can see a coastline with white sandy Answer Key
beaches, and sand dunes. There is a peninsula sticking Prompts mentioned: heaviest snowfall in years,
out into the sea in the distance and an estuary leading blizzards coupled with high winds – 10 foot snow drifts,
into the ocean. schools and businesses closed
4 To present/practise topic-related One night last February, my home town experienced the
vocabulary heaviest snowfall that had occurred for 50 years. Only my
• Give Ss time to choose the correct word and use grandparents could remember anything like it. There were
the other to write a sentence. 15 foot snowdrifts and we were trapped in our house.
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit the meanings of Thousands of people were completely snowed in. Some
unknown words if necessary. unlucky motorists were even trapped in their cars
Answer Key overnight, which must have been terrifying. Naturally,
schools and businesses closed. We were all told to stay
1 nippy 3 blustery 5 muggy 7 erosion
indoors for several days because they were predicting that
2 snap 4 drizzle 6 patch
the worst was yet to come. Luckily, by the end of the week
Suggested Answer Key most of the snow had melted and life went back to normal.
1 The air was balmy and uncomfortable after the
summer rainstorm.
8 a) To present vocabulary for sounds
2 There is often haze in the city because of the pollution.
3 Even in the summer it is cool and breezy by the sea. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
4 All the grass was brown and dry because of the • Check Ss’ answers.
drought. Answer Key
5 It’s roasting today; let’s find some shade to sit in. 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 B
6 There have been light flurries of snow falling on and
off all day. b) To practise vocabulary for sounds
7 The slush from the melting snow soaked my feet.
• Play the recording. Ss listen and do the task.
5 To practise topic-related vocabulary Answer Key
• Give Ss time to complete the task. 1 crunch 3 howl 5 rustle
• Check Ss’ answers. 2 rumble 4 patter
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Module 7
9 To practise prepositions b) To present reported speech
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Remind Ss that direct speech is the exact words
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix I. someone used and that reported speech is the
Answer Key exact meaning of what someone said, but not the
exact words. Explain that we use quotation marks
1 behind 3 for 5 among
in direct speech, but we don’t use quotation
2 towards 4 of, to
marks in reported speech. Also explain that
reported speech is introduced with the verbs
10 To present and practise phrasal verbs ‘say’ or ‘tell’, which are called introductory verbs.
related to extreme weather Explain that there are also other introductory verbs
• Give Ss time to complete the task. that give the meaning of the direct sentence more
• Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II. accurately. E.g. informed, warned, ordered etc. We
can use the word ‘that’ after introductory verbs
Answer Key
or omit it. Write on the board:
1 through 3 up 5 away a) Mark said, ‘I bought a new coat.’
2 in 4 off b) Mark said to me, ‘I bought a new coat.’
c) Mark said (that) he had bought a new coat.
11 To practise word formation d) Mark said to me (that) he had bought a new coat.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. • Explain to Ss that we can also report someone’s
• Check Ss’ answers on the board. words either a long time after they were said
(out-of-date reporting) or a short time after they
Answer Key
were said (up-to-date reporting). In up-to-date
1 unknown 5 secretions reporting tenses do not always change.
2 seclusion 6 medicinal • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
3 exceptionally 7 tourists • Remind Ss that they can use their answers in
4 similarity 8 extraordinarily Ex. 1a, and refer them to the Grammar Reference
pp. GR14-GR15 for more information.
Background information • Check Ss’ answers.
Scarborough is a town in North Yorkshire, in the Answer Key
north of England. It has a population of 61,000 and is
1 In reported speech the tenses change as follows:
a fishing town and popular holiday resort.
present simple ➞ past simple
Socotra is an island in the Arabian Sea, and is part of
present continuous ➞ past continuous
Yemen. It has a population of 44,000 people. Until
present perfect ➞ past perfect
recently it was completely isolated and the people led
past simple ➞ past perfect
a traditional lifestyle. It has a tropical desert climate,
past continuous ➞ past perfect continuous
and a unique flora and fauna.
future simple ➞ would
can ➞ could
In up-to-date reporting (when little time has passed)
7c Grammar in use the tenses can change or remain the same. The
pronouns always change according to the meaning
of the sentence.
2 This is an example of up-to-date reporting. The
1 a) To present reported speech
words have been reported a short time after they
• Explain the task and give Ss time to read the news were said.
report and complete the sentences. 3 Other verbs that are used instead of say and tell are
• Check Ss’ answers. confirmed and warned.
Answer Key
1 have airlifted 5 was looking 2 To rewrite sentences in reported speech
2 is 6 have found • Explain the task and go through the example with Ss.
3 couldn’t have 7 is • Give Ss time to rewrite the sentences.
4 are, don’t have • Check Ss’ answers.
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7 Module
Answer Key 4 To present articles
2 Thomas says (that) he is travelling to Mount Api in • Ask Ss to read through the text in Ex. 1 again and
Malaysia. find the articles. Refer Ss to the Grammar
3 The forest ranger told/ordered them to stop picking Reference pp. GR18-GR19 and ask them to justify
the protected flowers immediately. the use of each article from the text.
4 Sara reminded me not to forget my walking boots • Elicit answers from Ss around the class.
because I had a difficult trek the following day. • Then give Ss time to fill in the appropriate articles in
5 Mark suggested that we visit/visiting the Alps when the text. Check Ss’ answers.
we were in Switzerland Answer Key
6 Andrea asked Mark who she should speak to about
the wilderness tours. a teenage girl = undefined singular noun with a noun
7 Kevin’s father told us/them not to drop litter used as an adjective
outdoors because it could harm wildlife. the girl = noun talking about something specific
8 Lewis said that he had been sailing in the the teens = noun talking about something specific
Mediterranean when he saw some dolphins. a near-vertical wall = compound phrase before an
9 He suggested/recommended that we visit/visiting undefined singular noun
the Lake District when we are in England. the wilderness = a generic geographical term
10 Victor said that he had never seen the Great Barrier a paramedic = undefined singular noun
Reef. an emergency call = undefined singular noun with a
noun used as an adjective
the couple = noun talking about something specific
3 a) To present introductory verbs used with the area sheriff = noun talking about something specific
reported speech
1 — 6 — 11 — 16 a
• Explain the task and refer Ss to the Grammar
2 — 7 a 12 the 17 a
Reference section p. GR17 for more information.
3 — 8 the 13 a 18 the
4 the 9 — 14 the 19 the
Answer Key 5 a 10 the 15 a
A: notify, promise, warn, remind
B: forbid, urge, promise, warn, advise, remind Background information
C: deny, suggest, admit Lake Bala is a lake in Wales. It is famous for being
D: wonder very deep and clear.
E: threaten, refuse, promise, urge Wales is a country in the southwest of the United
F: deny, suggest, admit, promise, threaten, remind, Kingdom. It is a Celtic country and has its own
warn, advise language, Welsh. It has a population of 3 million.
b) To practise introductory verbs used with

reported speech 5 a) To present determiners
• Give Ss time to rewrite the sentences. • Direct Ss’ attention to the highlighted words in
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. the text in Ex.1.
Answer Key • Explain to Ss that determiners are: the
indefinite article (a/an), the definite article
2 Liam suggested that we book/booking a trip to see
(the), demonstratives (this – these/that –
Ayers Rock.
those), possessive adjectives (my, your, his,
3 Kelly denied breaking/having broken/that she had
etc), quantifiers (some, any, every, no, both,
broken my camera.
each, either, neither, none, enough, several, all,
4 Simon wondered if we would see any grizzly bears
most, less, more etc.) and numbers (one, two,
on our trip.
etc). Ask them to identify which type of
5 Jim notified/informed us that our trip to the
determiner each word is.
mountains was cancelled because it was too foggy.
6 Janet urged/advised/warned Mary to wear a thicker
coat because it was minus five outside. Answer Key
a = indefinite article
her = possessive adjective
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Module 7
neither = quantifier Suggested Answer Key
a few = quantifier Hair is an uncountable noun, and it is what we have on
another = other construction ‘another’ our heads. A hair or hairs is a countable noun and it is
any = quantifier the individual hair. So, our hair is made up of many
three = number individual hairs.
their = possessive adjective Wood is an uncountable noun. It is a material things
the = definite article may be made out of, for example: my table is made of
this = demonstrative wood. Woods is a plural noun, and it means a forest.
Example: The woods were wild and dark.
b) To identify uses of determiners Good is usually an adjective, but it can also be a
• Explain the task and refer Ss to the Grammar singular noun that refers to something that helps or
Reference section for more information. gives an advantage, for example: Even a little exercise
• Give Ss time to complete the task. can do a lot of good. Goods is a plural noun, which
• Check Ss’ answers. means items that you can sell. Example: The trader
Answer Key sells lots of different goods.
Pain is an uncountable noun. It is a feeling of physical
singular countable nouns: another, every, each,
suffering. For example: Ann’s cut was giving her a lot
neither, either, other
of pain. Pains is a plural noun that means to try hard or
plural countable nouns: a few, some, all, both,
make effort, for example: He went to great pains to
several, enough, hardly any, less, other, any
make sure the problem was solved fairly.
uncountable nouns: some, all, a little, enough, hardly
Content is an adjective that means happy or satisfied. It
any, less, other, much, any
is also a noun that means how much of a substance is
in something, for example: Those biscuits have a high
6 To practise determiners sugar content. Contents is a noun that means the
• Give Ss time to complete the task. ideas in a piece of writing, or everything that is
• Check Ss’ answers. contained inside of something else, for example: The
Answer Key contents of her bag spilled on the floor.
Look is a countable noun. A look is the act of looking at
2 every 4 either 6 all 8 Neither something, for example: Can I have a look at your
3 None 5 none of 7 no notes, please? Look can also mean the expression on
somebody’s face, for example: He had an angry look
7 To rewrite sentences using determiners on his face. Looks is an uncountable noun that means
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. somebody’s appearance, especially how attractive they
• Check Ss’ answers. are. For example: The actor is known for his striking
looks.
Answer Key
Another example is spectacle = a visually striking
2 There aren’t many black rhinos left in the wild. scene, and spectacles = glasses.
3 Both of the climbers got frostbite during their climb
up Mount Everest.
4 It’s been such a dry summer that there’s little water
left in the stream./There’s very little water left in the
stream as it’s been such a dry summer.
7d Listening skills
5 Few of my friends are going on the kayaking trip this
1 a) To introduce the topic
time.
6 There are some families camping in the national • Explain the task.
park this weekend. • Give Ss two minutes to write down as many
extreme outdoor activities as they can.
• Ask Ss to compare their answers with a partner.
8 To recognise differences in meanings
• Elicit activities from Ss around the class and
between singular/plural nouns
write them on the board.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to discuss the
meanings of the words in pairs.
• Monitor activity and then elicit answers from
various Ss around the class.
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7 Module
Suggested Answer Key b) To predict content of a monologue;
white water rafting, sky diving, mountain climbing, to identify word types
surfing, trekking, abseiling, wilderness camping, scuba • Ask Ss to read the title and gapped sentences.
diving, parasailing, bungee jumping, hang gliding, • Elicit from Ss what they think the monologue will
caving, snowboarding be about.
• Give Ss time to decide what type of word will be
b) To talk about extreme sports required to fill each gap.
• Read out the questions. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Elicit answers from Ss around the class. Suggested Answer Key
Suggested Answer Key I think the monologue is about surfing on a river called
I think people do extreme outdoor activities for the the Eisbach.
adrenaline, or to challenge themselves and push their Answer Key
limits. Most of these activities require expensive
1 noun 4 noun 7 noun
equipment and training to do safely, so maybe some
2 adjective 5 noun 8 noun
people do them as a status symbol, to show off their
3 noun 6 verb
wealth.
I have never participated in any of these extreme c) To listen for specific information
activities. I have done something similar to wilderness (sentence completion)
camping, however it wasn’t true wilderness camping
because it was on a campsite that had a clubhouse and • Play the recording twice. Ss listen and complete
other facilities, so I was still relatively close to civilisation. the sentences.
• Check Ss’ answers on the board.
Background information Answer Key
The Eisbach is a man-made river in the German city 1 wetsuits 5 beginners
of Munich. It flows through a park called Englischer 2 dangerous 6 warning
Garten. It is a famous surfing place, though 3 riverbed 7 bridge
technically people are not allowed to swim there. 4 banks 8 roaring water
Munich is a city in the German state of Bavaria. It has
a population of more than 1.5 million people. It has a 3 To personalise the topic
strong economy and a very high standard of living.
• Read out the questions and elicit answers from
various Ss around the class.
• Encourage Ss to give reasons/explanations for their
2 a) To introduce new vocabulary and
opinions.
prepare for a listening task
• Explain the task and give Ss’ time to look up the
words in the Word List. I would like to watch surfers on the Eisbach River. It’s
• Check Ss’ answers. amazing that the river always has such large waves, and
the skill that surfers need to ride them is very
Answer Key impressive. If I could surf I’d love to try it myself, but
emulate (v): to imitate sb that you admire unfortunately I can’t. I would also like to try abseiling,
suburbs (pl n): the residential outskirts of a city because I think it would be very exciting to abseil down
standing wave (phr): a stationary wave the side of a rock face.
phenomenon (n): a natural occurrence
hotspot (n): a place with a lot of activity
4 a) To introduce new vocabulary and
proximity (n): the state of being near to sth
prepare for a listening task
vantage point (n): an advantageous position for
getting a good view • Explain the task and give Ss time to look up the
oblivious (adj): unaware of sth words in the Word List.
counterpart (n): a matching activity • Check Ss’ answers.
catch a wave (phr): (of a surfer) to be in time for a wave Answer Key
floodlight (n): a bright artificial lighting unit
bucket list (n): a wish list
illuminate (v): to fill a place with light
once-in-a-lifetime (adj): very rare
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Module 7
evaluate (v): to assess sth I hear you’ve had an exciting summer = expresses
prompt (sb to do sth) (v): to encourage sb to do sth interest
see sb in a different light (phr): to think of sb in a How did that go = asks for more information
different way That must have been incredible = expresses interest
excursion (n): a short trip Oh, that’s a shame = expresses interest
sth does sb/sth the world of good (phr): sth is Did you take any photos = asks for more information
beneficial to sb/sth
b) To complete a dialogue
b) To listen for gist (multiple matching) • Explain the task and give Ss time to fill the gaps
in the dialogue.
• Ask Ss to read through Task One and Task Two
• Play the recording. Ss listen and check their
before they listen.
answers.
• Explain that they will hear the recording twice
• Ask Ss to read the dialogue aloud in pairs.
and they will have to do both tasks, but they
• Monitor activity and then ask various pairs to
may do the tasks in any order they wish.
read the dialogue in front of the class.
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and complete
the tasks. Answer Key
• Check Ss’ answers. 1 I hear you’ve had an exciting summer
Answer Key 2 How did that go
3 That must have been incredible
1 G 3 F 5 E 7 A 9 G
4 Oh, that’s a shame
2 C 4 H 6 D 8 B 10 F
5 I don’t have words to tell you how great it was
6 Did you take any photos
5 ICT To expand the topic; to present
information to the class
2 To act out a dialogue narrating an
• Give Ss time to use the Internet to research an experience and showing interest
extreme sport or outdoor activity that is popular in
• Direct Ss’ attention to the advert and the Useful
their country. Monitor activity around the class.
Language box.
• Ss present to the class.
• Ss work in pairs, take roles and act out a dialogue
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and Ss give
narrating an experience and expressing interest,
their presentation in the next lesson.
based on the information provided in the advert.
Suggested Answer Key • Draw this diagram on the board for Ss to follow.
In England an outdoor activity that is gaining popularity
is parkour. More and more people are practicing free A B
running outdoors, in public spaces and parks. The Express interest in your Say what your
agility and speed the free runners need is amazing, and friend’s summer experience was.
seeing them jump and climb across terrain is very experience. Give more
impressive. I’m sure that parkour is going to continue to Ask for more information. Include
get more popular in the next few years. information. sth that you didn’t
Express interest. do.
Mention another
7e Speaking skills Ask for more information.
Express interest and ask

experience.
Narrate the
experience.
1 a) To present language for narrating an if your friend has photos. Suggest how your
experience and showing interest friend can see the
Say you will look at them. photos.
• Monitor the activity around the class and then ask
Answer Key some pairs to act out their dialogue in front of the
I don’t have words to tell you how great it was = class.
narrates an experience
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7 Module
A: I hear you’ve had an interesting holiday, Bill. In picture A I can see a large modern-looking house in a
B: I certainly did. I went on a 5-day tour of the cold, snowy landscape. In the background I can see a
Galapagos Islands. forest, and in the foreground I can see a road that has
A: Really? That must have been incredible. been cleared of snow. I can also see a woman walking,
B: Yes, it was. The highlight for me was seeing all the pulling two children on a sleigh.
strange and wonderful wildlife such as iguanas and In picture B I can see a lot of people outdoors. It looks
seals. We even got to snorkel with sea turtles. We like they are doing some sort of activity like grinding
were going to go mountain biking too, but in the grain using tools. I can see a tree, a lot of dry, brown
end we didn’t do that. sand and small huts in the background. It seems like a
A: Oh, that’s a shame. dry landscape, maybe a desert.
B: Not really, because we spent an extra day hiking In picture C I see a calm green river and a person on a
through volcanic landscapes instead. boat, travelling towards a house that is standing on
A: What was that like? stilts in the water. There are trees and plants, and grass
B: I had the time of my life. You just wouldn’t believe or moss on the ground. It looks like it might be a
how beautiful the volcanic landscape was. tropical landscape.
A: What an amazing experience! Did you take any
photos?
4 To compare two pictures
B: Yes, and I’ve already posted some of them online.
You should take a look. • Explain the task and read out the questions.
A: I’ll definitely do that. • Elicit answers from Ss around the class.
Background information I would like to look at pictures A and B. In the first
Morocco is a country in North Africa, with a picture, I can see a snow-covered house in the
population of more than 33 million people. The mountains. There is a woman who is pulling a sleigh
landscape consists of rugged mountains and desert. with a child on it. They are both wearing warm clothes.
Mining, textile and tourism industries are important It appears to be fairly cold. In the second picture, in
for its economy. contrast, there is a group of people probably in a small
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the African village. They appear to be a tribe who live in
world. It is bigger than the United States. It covers traditional huts. It appears to be very hot. The people
large parts of Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, are wearing thin clothes and might be doing chores. In
Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Western Sahara, Sudan my opinion, the most striking similarity between the two
and Tunisia. pictures is that they both show people living in isolated
The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, far places under extreme conditions. I think the people in
off the coast of Ecuador. They belong to Ecuador, picture A enjoy living in the mountains, and enjoy a
and are a National Park and Marine Reserve. A comfortable and modern lifestyle. While the tribe that
population of 26,000 people live there. They are live in picture B follow their traditional way of life away
famous for their unique plants and animals and for from populated places. I’d say that there are some
inspiring Charles Darwin to come up with the idea of difficulties that these people may encounter while living
evolution. in these places. In picture A, if there is no electricity,
Iguanas are large lizards native to Mexico, Central then the people there would have to chop wood for
and South America and the Caribbean. heating and cooking and use oil lamps to get around.
Another problem could be getting trapped in a
snowstorm. Whereas in picture B, the tribe might have
3 To describe pictures difficulties finding food as they have to hunt around the
• Direct Ss’ attention to the three pictures. Read out forest or fish in rivers or lakes. They could also be
the task. facing harsh environmental conditions like long dry
• Ask various Ss to describe what they see in each spells and shortage of water which could make daily life
picture. more difficult for them. In my opinion, I think it would be
most difficult to live in the place in picture B as there
are definitely no modern amenities there like electricity
or running water and finding food appears to be a daily
struggle.
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Module 7
5 To compare a model answer to your answer Suggested Answer Key
• Play the recording. Ss listen and compare their 1 was shining 5 had strayed
answers to the answers that they hear. 2 entered 6 heard
• Elicit comments from Ss around the class. 3 had been following 7 shouted
4 started 8 let
My answer is very similar to the example. However, the
b) To analyse a model; to identify
description in the example is longer than mine and goes
paragraph content
into more detail, discussing weather conditions in more
depth. • Give Ss time to read the model again and complete
the paragraph plan and then answer the questions.
To express opinions
• Read out the question and give Ss time to answer it.
• Monitor activity and then ask various Ss to tell the Para 1 – sets the scene = sunny day, starting cave
class. exploration, feeling ecstatic
Para 2 – events leading up to the climax event =
Suggested Answer Key exploring cave, following group, going off the planned
I would like to live in the place in picture C, because I path, getting lost
think it is very beautiful and quite unusual. I love boats Para 3 – the climax event = alone, lost in pitch-black
and water, so it would be fun to stay in that place. I cave, being found
think it would be easy to relax there, because the Para 4 – end the narrative = exiting cave, feeling grateful
landscape looks so tranquil and calm. 1 The first paragraph sets the scene.
2 The climax event is getting lost.
3 Before the climax event the narrator was exploring
7f Writing the cave with the group, then the narrator left the
planned path.
4 In the end the narrator was found and exited the
1 To analyse a rubric cave safely.
• Read through the writing box on narratives and 5 At first the character felt ecstatic, then anxious, then
check Ss’ understanding. Ask Ss to read the rubric finally relieved.
and then elicit what the key words are.
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. c) To list events in chronological order
• Check Ss’ answers. • Give Ss time to put the events in chronological
Answer Key order. Check Ss’ answers.
• Ask various Ss to use their answers to give
Your teacher has asked you to write about a
short summaries to the class.
frightening experience you’ve had for the school
magazine. Write your narrative (approximately 220- Answer Key
260 words). A 6 C 7 E 5 G 4
B 2 D 1 F 3
1 I have to write a narrative for my teacher for the
school magazine. Suggested Answer Key
2 I will be the main character of the story. First, Alison entered the cave with her group. She
3 The narrative can be about a frightening experience. crawled on her hands and knees at first and then
4 I should use the past tenses: past simple, past wandered through a maze of tunnels and got lost. She
continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous. yelled for help, and finally the guide found her. In the
5 I can begin my narrative by setting the scene. end, Alison rejoined the group.
2 a) To read a model narrative and put verbs d) To complete a table

into the past tense • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
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7 Module
Answer Key I heard faint voices and saw dim lights – sound and
sight
The main character is Alison.
I was overjoyed to see the guide – sight
The secondary As I ... saw sunlight – sight
the guide and the group.
characters are
The attitude of the Para 1? ecstatic 4 To practise using descriptive language
main character Para 2? amazed
changes through the Para 3? frantic, anxious • Give Ss time to replace the words in bold.
story. How did she feel Para 4? overjoyed, • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
in ... relieved, grateful Answer Key
A: 1 brightly 5 exclaimed
3 a) To recognise adjectives in a text 2 qualified 6 warmly
3 briskly 7 deafening
• Read out the writing box on Descriptive
4 pleasant 8 shrieked
Techniques and check Ss’ understanding.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to find the B: 1 cautiously 4 strenuous
adjectives in the model. Check Ss’ answers. 2 huge 5 extremely
Answer Key 3 stunning 6 towering
cold dark cave, narrow opening, moist walls,
spectacular rock formations, narrow passages, gloomy 5 To practise describing feelings
tunnels, faint voices, dim lights, distant voice • Read out the writing box on feelings and check Ss’
understanding.
b) To recognise adverbs in a text • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
Answer Key 1 happy 3 sad
1 slowly 3 anxiously 2 frustrated 4 lonely
2 frantically 4 definitely
Suggested Answer Key 6 a) To match beginnings and endings; to
1 We slowly moved forward in the dark. identify techniques for beginning and ending
2 The child shouted frantically when he got lost in the narratives
park.
3 The students are waiting anxiously for their exam
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit which techniques
results.
have been used.
4 We were definitely grateful to get home safely.
Answer Key
c) To recognise direct speech in a text A 3 techniques to start a narrative = using direct
• Give Ss time to complete the task. speech, creating a feeling of suspense
• Check Ss’ answers. techniques to end a narrative = describing
feelings, asking a rhetorical question
Answer Key
B 1 techniques to start a narrative = asking a
Example of direct speech: A distant voice shouted
rhetorical question, describing sb’s feelings,
back, ‘Alison, where are you?’ ‘Over here’ I replied.
creating feeling of suspense
Verbs used: shout, reply
techniques to end a narrative = using direct
speech, describing feelings
d) To recognise the use of senses in a text C 2 techniques to start a narrative = creating
• Give Ss time to complete the task. atmosphere, describing sb’s feelings, creating
• Check Ss’ answers. feelings of suspense
Answer Key techniques to end a narrative = describing
touched the moist walls of the cave – touch feelings, using direct speech
we … stood still to hear the sound of water trickling
down the walls – sound
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Module 7
b) To identify 1st and 3rd person narration Not only was Jane’s car slow but it was also very
• Give Ss time to complete the task. uncomfortable.
• Check Ss’ answers. 4 The helicopter had no sooner taken off than I knew
I had made a terrible mistake by agreeing to get on
Answer Key it.
A and C are 1st person narratives, B is a 3rd person No sooner had the helicopter taken off than I knew I
narrative had made a terrible mistake by agreeing to get on it.
5 The climber had never had such a terrifying
experience before.
c) To practise techniques for beginning
Never had the climber had such a terrifying
and ending narratives
experience before.
• Read out the writing box on beginning and
ending a narrative and check Ss’ understanding.
8 a) To analyse a rubric; to prepare for a
• Give Ss time to write their beginnings and
writing task
endings using the techniques from the box.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Ask Ss to read the rubric and elicit which are the
key words.
Beginning: • Check Ss’ answers.
A strong wind was blowing, and puffy white clouds
were racing across the blue sky as the girls stood at the Answer Key
edge of the small harbour, fidgeting with excitement. It ‘The sky was dark and the wind was howling. A
hadn’t been easy to find a boat owner who would agree thunderstorm had started and I didn’t know how I
to take them to Skellig Island this early in the spring, but could get home.’ Write your narrative (approximately
finally one had agreed. They were about to start their 220-260 words), beginning with this sentence.
journey, but something told Amy that things weren’t
going to go exactly to plan.
Ending: 1 I have to write a narrative.
The little fishing boat coasted into the harbour just as 2 I will be the main character.
the sun was setting. The girls breathed a sigh of relief. 3 The narrative will be about getting stuck in a storm.
Tired, wet and shaky, they made their way back to the 4 I should use past tenses.
hostel. If they could have seen what lay ahead that 5 I can begin by setting the scene, and end by
morning, would they have dared to go? describing my feelings.
6 I can use descriptive language to make my narrative
more interesting.
7 To present/practise inversion
• Read out the writing box on inversion and check b) To write a narrative
Ss’ understanding.
• Give Ss time to complete the task using the
• Explain the task and write out the example on the
Useful Language box.
board.
• Remind Ss to describe events in chronological
• Give Ss time to rewrite the sentences.
order and use descriptive language, and ask Ss
to start and end their narrative using one of the
Answer Key beginning/ending techniques.
1 It was not until I arrived home that I realised my • After Ss have finish writing, ask them to check
wallet was missing. their work against the Checklist. Or Ss can
Not until I arrived home did I realise that my wallet exchange essays and check their partner’s work
was missing. against the checklist.
2 The passengers calmed down only when the plane • Check Ss’ answers.
had landed safely. • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check
Only when the plane had landed safely did the Ss’ answers in the next lesson.
passengers calm down.
3 Jane’s car not only was slow but it was also very
uncomfortable.
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7 Module
Suggested Answer Key 2 To practise word formation
Stuck in a Storm
The sky was dark and the wind was howling. A
• Check Ss’ answers on the board.
thunderstorm had started and I didn’t know how I could
get home. I had been walking with my dog in the Answer Key
mountains outside of town. It had been a beautiful day, 1 discovery 4 diversity
with bright sun and a cool breeze. I had lost track of 2 appreciation 5 catastrophic
time and we had walked farther than usual, over a 3 maturity 6 captivity
mountain peak and into the next valley. Then the
weather changed, and it seemed to be getting worse
and worse.
I knew it would be dangerous to cross the mountain • Give Ss time to complete the task.
peak in a thunderstorm, but the bus stop was on the • Remind Ss not to write more than six words and to
other side. On the other hand, I didn’t want to wait in use the word in capitals.
the valley because it was getting late and I would soon • Check Ss’ answers.
be soaking wet and cold. I had no idea what was Answer Key
ahead, because I’d never taken that trail before.
1 warned her son not to
Suddenly, I heard a strange noise, almost like laughter,
2 no difference to Sam
and my dog stood up and looked ahead with interest.
3 are the chances of it
Was I imagining things? ‘What do you think, Spot?’ I
4 was prevented from (going)
asked. ‘Should we walk a bit more and see what we
5 had a difference of opinion
find?’ He wagged his tail enthusiastically and we set off
6 no way I am going
down the trail.
7 that Norman objected to
To my surprise, around the corner was a busy picnic
area. People were rushing back to their cars to avoid
the storm. I walked up to one group and to my relief 4 To practise grammar structures
they offered to give me a ride back to town. I was • Give Ss time to do the task.
delighted that my dog and I would soon be warm and • Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers.
dry!
Answer Key
1 D = yet (conj) but showing contrast
3
D = make + adj + noun
A = noun phrase + for + noun expressing purpose
4 D = urge sb + to-inf
1 To complete a multiple choice cloze task 5 A = type 1 conditional
• Give Ss time to choose the correct words to fill the 6 C = set phrase (meaning indigenous)
gaps. 7 D = reflexive/pronoun
• Check Ss’ answers. 8 C = type 1 conditional
9 B = modal + present inf
Answer Key
10 A = adv + adj
1 A 3 B 5 A 7 D 11 B = type 3 conditional
2 D 4 A 6 C 8 A 12 D = determiner (few + plural noun)
5 To practise vocabulary
Hang Son Doong is the world’s largest cave. It is in
Vietnam, in Nha-K e’ Bàng National Park, near the
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain or elicit the meanings
border with Laos. People may visit the cave only if
they have a permit. Tourists have paid 3,000 dollars
for a tour. Answer Key
Vietnam is a country in South East Asia, between 1 D 4 C 7 D 10 B
China, Laos and Cambodia. It has a population of 2 A 5 C 8 A 11 C
almost 93 million people. The climate is tropical, with 3 A 6 D 9 A 12 D
monsoons.
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Module 7
deserted (adj): abandoned
deciduous (adj): (of a tree) losing its leaves at the end
Language Focus 7
of a growing season
destitute (adj): not having the essentials 1 To present and practise new vocabulary on
deprived (of sth) (adj): not provided with sth the topic of extreme weather
acclaimed (adj): celebrated • Give Ss time to complete the task.
accepted (adj): approved • Check Ss’ answers. Elicit the meanings of the other
acknowledged (adj): recognised words.
scatter (v): (of a herd of animals) to disperse
scuttle (v): (of a small animal) to run quickly with short Answer Key
steps 1 torrential, territorial = related to a particular area
scamper (v): (of a small animal) to move quickly with 2 crests, peaks = the pointed tops of mountains
quick short steps 3 storms, cyclones = violent tropical storms
scurry (v): (of a small animal) to move fast with short steps 4 flash, meltwater = water from melting snow
predator (n): a hunting animal 5 current, draught = a flow of air through a room
poacher (n): an illegal hunter
scavenger (n): an animal that feeds on rubbish or 2 To practise collocations
dead animals
killer (n): a murderer
presume (v): to assume sth
foretell (v): to predict to sb what will happen in the future Answer Key
anticipate (v): to expect sth 1 waterfall 3 moor 5 glacier
project (v): to estimate sth 2 canyon 4 mountain 6 cliff
perish (v): (of food) to go off
starve (v): to have no food
disintegrate (v): to break apart 3 a) To practise collocations
wither (v): (of a plant) to shrivel • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
skip (v): to jump lightly • Check Ss’ answers.
split (v): to depart from a place unexpectedly
Answer Key
displace (v): to make people leave their homes
because of war, natural disasters, etc 1 e 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c
flee (a place) (v): to run away from a place to escape
b) To practise collocations
from danger
hassle (v): to bother sb • Give Ss time to complete the task.
hint (at sth) (v): to imply sth • Check Ss’ answers.
hanker (for sth) (v): to long for sth
Answer Key
haunt (v): (of a ghost) to visit a place frequently
mark (n): a visible sign 1 starry sky
blemish (n): a skin flaw 2 blazing sun
figure (n): an amount 3 murky water
imprint (n): the mark that an object makes by being 4 rising sun/clear blue sky
pressed into a place 5 dark clouds
repress (v): to suppress (a feeling, etc)
restrain (v): to physically stop sb moving 4 a) To present and practise idioms related
restrict (v): to impose limits on sb to nature
inhibit (v): to impede sb • Give Ss time to complete the task.
exclusively (adv): solely • Check Ss’ answers. Elicit if there are similar
exceptionally (adv): outstandingly idioms in Ss’ own language.
surroundings (pl n): the specific area around a person
or place Answer Key
territory (n): a region; a district 1 bush 3 woods 5 stone
biosphere (n): the part of the Earth where life exists 2 wave 4 shade
natural habitat (n): the natural environment of an
animal/plant
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7 Module
b) To practise idioms related to nature Answer Key
• Give Ss time to write their own sentences. 1 that 3 either
• Ask various Ss to read out sentences to the class. 2 some 4 each other

3 To revise reported speech
1 The thunderstorm seems to be over but let’s wait a
bit longer, we’re not out of the woods yet. • Give Ss time to rewrite the sentences in reported
2 Don’t beat about the bush; just say what is speech using the verbs in the list.
bothering you. • Check Ss’ answers.
3 Their house is beautiful; it puts my house in the Suggested Answer Key
shade.
1 Jane reminded me to check the weather forecast
4 Grandma is stone deaf without her hearing aid.
before I go/went sailing.
2 Tim warned his daughter not to go any closer to the
Grammar in Focus edge of the cliff.
3 Sally promised to teach me how to snowboard one
day.
• Give Ss time to complete the task. 4 Karen boasted that she has/had been to many
• Check Ss’ answers. exotic countries.
Answer Key 5 The police officer advised him to stay home during
this bad weather.
1 into/to 6 below
2 who 7 were spotted
3 over 8 heating 4 To consolidate vocabulary from the module
4 none 9 the • Give Ss time to choose the correct items.
5 from 10 little/no • Check Ss’ answers.
Answer Key
1 landslide 3 grabbed 5 slush
Nevada is a state in the western United States, with a
2 nippy 4 flurry
population of almost 3 million people. Most of
Nevada is desert. Tourism, mining and cattle
ranching are important in the economy. 5 To listen for specific information (sentence
completion)
• Play the recording. Ss listen and complete the
Progress Check 7 •
sentences.
Answer Key
1 To read for coherence and cohesion
(missing paragraphs) 1 activity 5 bike
2 sailing 6 barely walk
• Ask Ss to read the text and fill the gaps with the 3 comfortable 7 neighbouring islands
missing paragraphs. 4 seasickness 8 endurance
• Remind Ss to pay attention to discourse markers as
well as general meaning, and read through the
whole text again when they have completed the 6 To revise language for narrating an
task to check that it makes sense. experience and showing interest
• Check Ss’ answers • Give Ss time to complete the task.
Answer Key
1 C 2 F 3 A 4 E 5 B Answer Key
1 I hear you went
2 To revise determiners 2 I had the time of my life
3 Did you
• Give Ss time to do the task. 4 I don’t have the words to tell
133
Module 7
7 To write a narrative Competences
• Give Ss time to complete the task. Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
• Remind Ss to use descriptive language and remind according to how competent they feel regarding each of the
them to use appropriate techniques to start and listed activities.
end their narrative.
It was the first time I had ever been on an activity
holiday and I was really looking forward to it. Little did I
know, however, how difficult it was going to be. My
friend Julie and I were in Costa Rica, and while we were
there, we wanted to visit some truly unspoilt rainforest.
We found a tour that would take us to a field station in
the mountains, accessible only by a boat journey and
then a full day’s hike. It was truly remote. Our guides
picked us up and took us to the last village on the edge
of the reserve. We camped there while our guides
checked that our backpacks fit properly and that we
had appropriate gear. They also went over our route,
and explained what to do in case of different types of
emergencies. I was starting to feel anxious.
The next morning we started our trek. I had been
training for months by carrying tinned food around in
my backpack, but still, I was totally unprepared. The
heat, humidity and uneven terrain made things very
difficult. We had to cross several waist-deep rivers,
carrying our packs over our heads, and from then on,
we were soaking wet. In the humid rainforest there was
no way to get dry! We arrived at the field station
exhausted, with scratches, insect bites and blisters.
We changed into our driest clothes, cooked dinner and
climbed into our sleeping bags. The next morning,
when we saw the sun rise over the forest, and heard the
dawn chorus of the birds, we knew the difficult journey
had been worth it!
134
The Art of Entertainment 8 Module

In this module, Ss will explore the topics of art forms, TV & 8d Listening skills 138
film, music, literature, adjectives describing performances/
art. Lesson Objectives: to prepare for a listening task, to listen
for specific information, to listen for attitude, opinion and
Module page 131 gist
Vocabulary: from script (designate, related to the world of,
interactive galleries, negative, trace, hotly, live-action,
introduce key vocabulary for different types of art forms
coupled with, a trip down memory lane, opt, diversity,
Vocabulary: different types of art forms (visual/performing/
pander, style over substance, derive, seal of approval, buck
literary arts, decorative, arts exhibition, stand-up comedy,
the trend, tug at the heartstrings, deprive, embellish, debut,
feature, poetry collection, encourage self expression,
find one’s roots, advent)
understand differences, connect people, challenge people’s
perception, create awareness of an issue) 8e Speaking skills 139
8a Reading 132-133 Lesson Objectives: to learn/practise situational language
for making suggestions/interrupting and responding to
Lesson Objectives: to listen and read for specific
suggestions, to act out a dialogue making suggestions/
information, to write an article about your ideal job
interrupting and responding to suggestions, to discuss a
Vocabulary: nouns (bashfulness, query, anticipation, glint,
general topic and related points based on written input
dent, knee pad, arm pad, ultimate, familiarity, coordinator);
adjectives (mirrored, dedicated, discerning, inevitable); verbs 8f Writing 140-143
(forge, leap, entail, linger, relish, double, entice, shrug,
progress, grasp, collide); adverbs (relentlessly, tentatively); Lesson Objectives: to practise vocabulary for reviews, to
phrases (risk life and limb, slip off the tongue) practise vocabulary for recommending, to practise formal
linking devices, to analyse a rubric/model, to brainstorm, to
8b Vocabulary 134-135 write a review
Lesson objectives: to learn words/phrases related to Language Knowledge 8 144-145
radio/TV/film/theatre, to learn words/phrases related to
books & literature and music, to learn prepositions, to learn Lesson Objectives: to practise open cloze, to practise word
phrasal verbs, to practise word formation formation, to practise key word transformations, to
Vocabulary: radio/TV/film/theatre (audition, rehearsal, act, consolidate vocabulary and grammar structures
commentary, remake, subtitles, opening scene, pilot
episode, repeat, cliffhanger, end credits, riveting/overrated/ Language Focus 8 146
gripping story, charismatic performance, intriguing/tedious/ Lesson Objectives: to learn extra theme-related vocabulary
confusing plot, high-tech special effects, unconvincing/ on radio/TV/film/theatre, books & literature, music to
compelling/captivating performance, unforeseen ending, practice idioms related to entertainment
spectacular/breathtaking/dreary special effects, tangled plot, Vocabulary: radio/TV/film/theatre (convey, transmit, shoot,
contrived/predictable/poignant ending, absorbing photograph, contender, contestant, cameo, extra,
story/plot/performance); books & literature (illustrated book, commentator, presenter); books & literature (anthology,
edited, depict life, chilling account, expert storyteller, submit index, cover, memoir, novel, run, journal, transcribe); music
for publication, bestselling novel, copy); music (lyrics, gig, (recital, routine, musical, tune, track); idioms (get a show on
single, mellow, vocals, melody); phrasal verbs (tune in, come the road, make a song and dance about, sing sth’s praises,
up with, break into, dispense with) steal the show, a tough act to follow, break a leg, face the
music, call the shots)
Lesson Objectives: to revise/practise relative clauses, to Progress Check 8 147-148
revise/practice time clauses/clauses of purpose/result/ Lesson Objectives: to read for specific information, to listen
concession/reason/place, participle clauses and for specific information, to consolidate vocabulary &
exclamations, to revise/practise cleft sentences, to practise grammar structures from the module, to revise speaking
key word transformations skills, to write a review
135
Module 8
Module Objectives • Ask Ss to discuss the topic in pairs, using the
phrases to help them.
Direct Ss’ attention to the title of the module The Art of
• Monitor the activity around the class, then ask
Entertainment and ask Ss to suggest what they think the
various Ss to give their opinions to the class.
module will be about (the module is about different art forms
and entertainment including TV and film, music and Suggested Answer Key
literature). Go through the objectives list to stimulate Ss’ S1: So, how does art contribute to society? What’s
interest in the module. your opinion?
S2: I think art contributes because it encourages self-
1 To introduce the topic expression. This can make people feel happier and
more satisfied with their lives.
• Direct Ss’ attention to the posters and ask them to
S1: Yes, and art can also help people understand
discuss with a partner what the posters are about.
differences, which contributes to sympathy and
empathy between people and makes everyone get
Suggested Answer Key along better. So, it makes society a happier place.
Poster A is about an exhibition in a museum, which is S2: Yes, I agree. Art can connect people too, especially
showing ceramics (probably vases, bowls, plates, mugs) when people work together to create it, for example
Poster B is advertising a comedy show in a club, if the art in question is a theatre production, street
featuring two comedians. dancing or creating a mural in a public space. All
Poster C is about a poetry festival that is being held in a these things can create a sense of community.
book shop. The festival probably involves readings of S1: On the other hand, art can also challenge people’s
poetry. perceptions. This might make people feel
uncomfortable, but it also helps them to grow and
learn.
2 a) To introduce new vocabulary
S2: This is an important contribution of art, in my
• Explain the task and give Ss time to match the opinion. It helps us to see things differently, and it
definitions to the art forms. can also communicate about issues that are
• Check Ss’ answers. problems in society. It can be a medium for raising
Answer Key awareness of social issues.
1 b 2 c 3 a
b) To practise new vocabulary in context • Explain the task and give Ss time to think of a
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. slogan and find or draw images for their posters.
• Elicit answers from Ss around the class. Ss • Ask Ss to put up their posters on the wall. Elicit
should say what words helped them decide. from Ss what they like about their classmates
posters.
Answer Key
Poster A = visual arts, words that helped me decide: (Ss’ own answers)
decorative, ceramic • Optional extension: Ask Ss if they do/participate in
Poster B = performing arts, words that helped me any form of art, and if so, ask them to describe it to
decide: stand up comedy, show the class and say what they enjoy about it.
Poster C = literary arts, words that helped me decide:
poetry, book shop, language Words of wisdom
• Optional extension: Ask Ss to write down as • Give Ss time to read the quotation and discuss, in
many kinds of visual art, performing arts and pairs what they think it means.
literary arts as they can think of. Give them a • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
few minutes and then elicit ideas and write them
on the board.
This quote makes a very important point about art. The
artist is changing the viewers’ perspective with his or
3 To expand the topic her art, making them see something new. It’s a very
• Read out the phrases given, eliciting or explaining powerful force, but with great power comes great
any unknown words. responsibility.
136
8 Module
8a Reading Tomorrow Never Dies is the eighteenth spy film in
the James Bond series. It was directed by Roger
Spottiswoode and the screenplay was written by
1 a) To introduce the topic of the text Bruce Feirstein. It starred Pierce Brosnan as James
• Ask Ss to scan the text, find the words and Bond. The film came out in 1997.
answer the questions. Dr Who is a British science-fiction television
• Check Ss’ answers. programme that has been produced by the BBC
since 1963, and it has been adapted into two films. It
Answer Key
has gained a cult following.
well-balanced (para 1) = sb who is calm, reasonable,
and who shows good judgment. In the text, it describes
Forster and his air, or manner. b) To predict the content of a text and read
obsessed (para 2) = sb who is so interested in sth that for gist
they can’t stop thinking about it. In the text, it describes
Forster as a teen. • Explain the task and give Ss time to scan the
complacent (para 4) = sb who is satisfied so does not text.
feel the need to try harder. In the text it describes a • Check Ss’ answers.
theoretical stuntman who no longer feels fear. Suggested Answer Key
daredevil (para 4) = sb who does dangerous things Risking life and limb means to do something so
and takes risks. In the text it describes what Forster dangerous that you risk losing your life or being injured
believes he is not. (literally, losing a limb, i.e. an arm or a leg).
restless (para 5) = sb who is unable to stay still or Dean Forster is risking life and limb because he has a
remain calm due to boredom, worry or excitement. In career as a stuntman and does stunts like leaping off
the text it describes Forster when he is thinking about a tall buildings, jumping through windows, getting
stunt he would like to try. knocked down by cars or falling down stairs.
foolhardy (para 6) = sb who takes unnecessary risks.
In the text it describes Forester’s view of doing stunts
2 a) To read for specific information (multiple
at older ages.
choice)
• Point out that all the words are used to describe
• Ask Ss to read questions 1-6 and the possible
the character of the stuntman, Dean Forster.
answers and then give them time to read the
• Ask Ss to try to think of as many other words
text carefully and choose the correct answers.
that might be used to describe a stuntman’s
character.
• Elicit words from Ss around the class, and write Answer Key
them on the board. 1 D 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 B
b) To justify answers with specific
Other words describing aspects of character: information from the text
impulsive, cautious, determined, timid, reckless,
daring, intrepid, audacious, arrogant, courageous, • Give Ss time to do the task and then compare
enthusiastic, dependable, etc. answers with a classmate.
Background information Answer Key
Mission: Impossible is an action spy film directed by 1 ‘For years I used to shrug and say, “Oh, I’m
Brian De Palma. The film came out in 1996. embarrassed.” ’ (lines 5-6)
Tom Cruise is an American actor who has been 2 ‘Just as a chef’s going to burn himself,’ he shrugs,
nominated for three Academy awards and has won ‘we get battered and bruised. It’s inevitable, but it’s
three golden globes. just bumps and scrapes.’ (lines 11-13)
The Fifth Element is a science fiction action film 3 ‘but passion alone...’, ‘practise his skills relentlessly’
directed and co-written by Luc Besson. It came out in ‘So how much, I wonder tentatively, does one
1997. actually have to grasp...’ (para 3 – whole paragraph)
4 ‘I’ve heard it said that familiarity makes the fear less
intense, but I don’t find that.’ (lines 38-40)
137
Module 8
5 ‘And yet still he is waiting to try that one stunt that Answer Key
has always enticed him.’ (lines 57-58) shrug (v): to raise my shoulders to show ignorance or
6 ‘the edges of his schoolboy smile.’ (line 8) ‘There embarrassment
has to be fear,’ (line 37) ‘Yet he insists he isn’t a inevitable (adj): unavoidable
daredevil...’ (line 45) ‘becoming restless in his seat progressed (v): continued
with excitement’ (lines 59-60) relentlessly (adv): endlessly
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box and grasp (v): to comprehend
explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask collide (v): to crash into
Ss to use their dictionaries and look them up. familiarity (n): knowing sth very well
Alternatively, ask Ss to explain the words in coordinator (n): sb who organises the work of several
context. people
risk life and limb (phr): to put your life in danger 4 To consolidate new vocabulary through
forge (v): to develop sth synonymous phrases
leap (v): to jump • Read the phrases in the list and give Ss time to find
mirrored (adj): (of sunglasses) with an outside coating their synonyms in the text.
that looks like a mirror • Elicit answers from various Ss around the class.
entail (v): to involve
Answer Key
bashfulness (n): shyness
linger (v): to keep existing slip so effortlessly off his tongue = come very easily
query (n): a question never really into anything else = not interested in other
slip off the tongue (idm): to be easy to say things
dedicated (adj): determined made it = been successful
tentatively (adv): hesitantly your whole body and mind are screaming = all of you is
anticipation (n): expecting sth to happen in a state of panic
glint (n): a gleam keep the nerves at bay = try to stay calm
relish (v): to enjoy sth very much prone to freak out a little = likely to panic a bit
discerning (adj): making good judgements It’s not everybody’s cup of tea = not everyone likes
dent (n): a hollow in a surface such things
knee pad (n): thick and soft material for protecting the his time is running out = his career is coming to an end
knee
arm pad (n): thick and soft material for protecting the 5 To consolidate information in a text
arms
double (v): to take the place of an actor in a difficult
scene
entice (v): to attract sb Answer Key
ultimate (n): the greatest of its kind 1 He achieved success with determination,
dedication and practice.
3 a) To consolidate new vocabulary 2 He thinks it is not very dangerous as long as you
have the right attitude and take precautions.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to find the
3 Although there are still some stunts he would love
words in the text.
to try, his plans for the future are to concentrate on
the less physically demanding side of the job.
Answer Key • Optional extension: Ask Ss to brainstorm for two
Para 2: battered, bruised, bumps, scrapes minutes and write down as many other dangerous
Para 6: aches, pains jobs as they can. Elicit ideas from Ss’ and write
them on the board. Ask Ss’ why each of the jobs
b) To consolidate vocabulary from a text are dangerous.
• Give Ss time to look up the words in the Word
List.
138
8 Module
Listening & Speaking
To personalise the topic

8b Vocabulary
• Read out the questions and then play the recording. 1 To consolidate vocabulary from a text
• Ss listen and then answer the questions in pairs. • Give Ss time to complete the task.
• Monitor activity and then ask various Ss to tell their • Check Ss’ answers.
opinions to the class.
Answer Key
Suggested Answer Key 1 doubling 3 query 5 familiarity
I admire Dean Forster’s attitude. He is someone who 2 bashfulness 4 glint
followed his dream in life, and succeeded. Still, he is
not arrogant and he has a child-like enthusiasm. At the 2 To consolidate new vocabulary from a text
same time, he is realistic about the work and does not
take risks or show off.
• Check Ss’ answers. Then give Ss time to write
I wouldn’t really like to do his job, however, because I
sentences using the other words.
don’t like taking physical risks. I would be scared of
• Ask various Ss around the class to read out their
making a mistake and being seriously injured. To me,
sentences.
it’s not worth it.
Answer Key
Writing 1 shrugged 3 forge 5 freaked
2 relentlessly 4 dedicated
To expand the topic Suggested Answer Key
• Read out the rubric and give Ss time to write their 1 The teens lingered by the stage door hoping to see
articles. a famous actor.
• Remind Ss to include the points in the rubric. 2 She felt terrified, but she stepped tentatively onto
• Ask various Ss around the class to read out their the stage.
articles. 3 A career in show business entails a lot of travelling.
Suggested Answer Key 4 The pop star was enticed to work hard by the
possibility of fame.
My ideal job would be to be a filmmaker. It is a creative 5 The guitarist leaped off the stage into the crowd.
and varied job, but it can also be difficult to become
successful.
The process of making films is varied, and a filmmaker 3 To practise collocations
would have to have a variety of skills including technical • Explain the task and check Ss’ answers.
skills involving cameras and film editing programs on • Give Ss time to use the collocations to write
the computer, as well as story-writing skills, and a lot of sentences.
visual creativity. A filmmaker could work independently • Ask various Ss around the class to read out their
and do the whole process from script writing to editing sentences.
the final product, or work as part of a team, and only
Answer Key
have responsibility for the filming.
1 mirrored 3 animation 5 display
The positives of the job include having the opportunity
2 stunt 4 knee 6 film
to use your creativity and express your ideas. There are
negative points to choosing this job as well, however, Suggested Answer Key
and the most important of these is that making films is 1 Mirrored sunglasses were popular in the 1980s.
an expensive process and if you are a new filmmaker, it 2 Stunt performers can earn high salaries.
can be very hard to earn any money from it. It can also 3 A career in computer animation requires creativity
be challenging to get your film shown. It can be very and programming skills.
competitive to get started in this job, and few people 4 You should wear knee pads when you go
make it and become successful. rollerblading.
5 The display team all wore matching uniforms.
6 The film industry is very competitive.
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Module 8
4 To present and consolidate vocabulary Answer Key
related to the topic Story: odd one out = charismatic, charismatic
• Give Ss time to read the extracts then elicit/ explain performance (charismatic usually describes how a
the meanings of the words in bold. person performed)
• Ask Ss to copy the table in their notebooks and put plot: odd one out = high-tech, high-tech special effects
the words under the appropriate headings. Remind performance: odd one out = unforeseen, unforeseen
Ss that some words fit under more than one ending
heading. special effects: odd one out = tangled, tangled plot
• Check Ss’ answers. (tangled describes a complex plot with many twists and
turns)
Answer Key
ending: odd one out = absorbing, absorbing can be
audition (n): a performance by an actor, singer, etc to used with story, plot and performance (sth absorbing
be judged in order to take part in a play, film, etc must carry on for some time, because it holds the
rehearsal (n): a practice of a play, piece of music, etc viewer’s attention, so it does not work for an ending,
before the performance which is a single event)
act (n): each of the main parts of a play or musical
commentary (n): the description of an event positive = riveting, charismatic, gripping, intriguing,
remake (n): a modern version of an existing film high-tech, unforeseen, compelling, captivating,
subtitles (pl n): the text that shows a translation of spectacular, tangled (in some situations), breathtaking,
what actors are saying in a foreign film absorbing, poignant
opening scene (n): the first part of a film negative = overrated, tedious, confusing,
pilot episode (n): the first of a series of programmes unconvincing, tangled (in some situations), dreary,
for discovering if a TV show will be popular contrived, predictable
repeats (pl n): a TV/radio programme broadcast
b) To practise adjectives related to the
before
topic
cliffhanger (n): a part of a story, film, etc that keeps
you in suspense • Give Ss time to choose the correct word.
end credits (pl n): the list of all the cast and the crew • Check Ss’ answers.
appearing at the end of a film or TV programme Answer Key
1 gripping 3 captivating 5 predictable
Radio TV Film Theatre 2 intriguing 4 breathtaking
(audition) audition audition audition
(rehearsals) (rehearsals) rehearsals rehearsals
commentary commentary remake act
pilot episode remake subtitles opening • Explain the task and give Ss time to write their
repeats subtitles opening scene answers.
cliffhanger opening scene scene • Remind Ss to use the adjectives from Ex. 5a to
(end credits) pilot episode end credits describe the different aspects of the film.
repeats commentary • Ask various Ss to tell the class.
cliffhanger
end credits
My favourite film is ‘Brazil’. It is a compelling story
about a future world that has gone completely wrong,
5 a) To present adjectives related to the and the main character’s struggle to try to survive first
topic inside and then outside of the system. The tangled plot
• Give Ss time to choose the odd word out and is compelling and the actors’ performances are
decide which aspect of a film it would better convincing. While the special effects are not the most
describe. high-tech, they are still intriguing because they are
• Check Ss’ answers. elaborate and creative. Finally, this rather dark film has
• Ask Ss to work in pairs and decide which an unforeseen ending that will surprise you. I would
adjectives are positive and negative. recommend it to anyone who likes sci-fi films and who
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. has a good sense of humour.
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8 Module
7 a) To present vocabulary related to the 8 a) To present vocabulary related to the
topic topic
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Explain the task and give Ss time to replace the
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain/Elicit the meanings words.
of any unknown words. • Check Ss’ answers.
1 illustrated, edited 3 storyteller, publication 1 gig 3 melody 5 vocals
2 depicting, chilling 4 bestselling, copies 2 lyrics 4 mellow 6 single
b) To present vocabulary related to the b) To personalise the topic

topic • Read out the questions.
• Explain the task and write the headings plot, • Elicit answers from various Ss around the class.
characters, what they thought of the book on
the board.
• Play the recording. Ss listen and make notes in 1 My favourite band is the American rock group the
their notebooks. Foo Fighters and my favourite album of theirs is
• Elicit the adjectives Ss heard in the recording Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace. I think that the
and write them under the headings. best single on the album is the song The Pretender.
2 I have been to a rock gig once, it was a Foo Fighters
Answer Key concert in my hometown. It was an amazing
plot experience, the atmosphere was great and Dave
Speaker 1: gripping, riveting (twists), jaw-dropping Grohl, the lead singer, gave a brilliant performance!
Speaker 2: predictable The sound system was also excellent and the stage
had light shows and even smoke machines!
characters
Speaker 1: interesting, intriguing
Speaker 2: unconvincing, contrived 9 To practise prepositions
Speaker 3: strong, passionate • Give Ss time to fill in the correct prepositions.
what they thought of the book • Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix I.
Speaker 1: great, exciting Answer Key
Speaker 2: disappointing, dreary, dull, overrated,
1 by 3 by 5 to
boring, tedious
2 with 4 for 6 into
Speaker 3: compelling, absorbing, interesting,
remarkable
10 To practise phrasal verbs related to the
c) To personalise the topic topic
• Explain the task and give Ss a few minutes to • Give Ss time to complete the task.
prepare their answers. • Ask Ss to check their answers in Appendix II.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. Answer Key
Suggested Answer Key 1 in 2 with 3 into 4 with
One of my favourite books is Wuthering Heights by
Emily Bronte. This dramatic novel is interesting 11 To practise word formation
because it gives a different view of this period of history
than many other writers of the time. It is a tragic story • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
with a riveting plot and many unexpected twists that will • Check Ss’ answers on the board.
keep you absorbed. The characters are compelling, Answer Key
though they are hard to sympathise with because of 1 solution 4 ambitious 7 musicals
negative aspects in their personalities, and the results 2 originated 5 outstanding 8 unapologetic
of their poor decisions are chilling. I would recommend 3 beginners 6 performances
this book to fans of classic novels, but if you like happy
endings, this book might not be your cup of tea.
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Module 8
who falls in love with Princess Jasmine = talking about
Background information a person (Aladdin), defining
William Shakespeare was an English poet, whose lamp falls into Aladdin’s hands = talking about a
playwright, and actor from Stratford-upon-Avon. He person (the genie), non-defining
was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He is often said to which includes lots of talented performers = talking
be the greatest writer in the English language. He about a thing (the cast of Aladdin), non-defining
wrote in an old and complex form of English and has the best musical that I have ever experienced = talking
a reputation of being difficult to understand. about a thing (the musical), defining
b) To identify when relative pronouns can

be omitted
8c Grammar in use • Write on the board: This is the book (that) I

bought today. This is the man that
recommended the book. Explain that that can
1 a) To present relative clauses be omitted in the first sentence but not in the
• Write on the board the relative pronouns who, second. Point out to Ss that the book is the
whom, whose, which, that, and elicit which object of the relative clause in the first sentence,
can be used to refer to people (who, whom, while the man is the subject of both clauses in
whose, that) and which can be used to refer to the second sentence. Refer Ss to the Grammar
things (which, whose, that). Reference section for more information.
• Write on the board the relative adverbs • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
when/that, where, why, and elicit what they • Check Ss’ answers.
refer to (i.e. time, place and reason) Answer Key
• Write on the board: I enjoyed the comedy that is
Casey Nicholaw is the talented choreographer who
on at the cinema this week. and I saw a French
also directed the musical version of Aladdin. – The
film, which was set in Paris, at the cinema last
relative pronoun cannot be omitted because it is the
night. Elicit the differences between the two
subject of the relative clause.
sentences. Explain that defining relative clauses
All in all, this new stage version of a timeless classic
give necessary information that cannot be
is the best musical (that) I have ever experienced! –
removed from the sentence, and do not contain
The relative pronoun can be omitted because it is the
commas; and that non-defining relative clauses
object of the relative clause.
are separated by commas, give extra
information that can be removed without
changing the meaning of the sentence, and do Background information
not use the word that. Aladdin is an animated film that was released by
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference for more Walt Disney Pictures in 1992. It is based on the
information. Middle Eastern folktale Aladdin and the Magic Lamp
• Give Ss time to read the review and answer the from One Thousand and One Nights.
questions. The Prince Edward Theatre is a West End theatre in
• Check Ss’ answers. London, UK.
London is the capital of the UK, and its largest city. It
Answer Key
is located in south east England.
which has brought audiences so many animated Broadway is a theatrical district that includes 41
films = talking about a thing (Disney), non-defining theatres, in Manhattan, New York City, in the USA.
where it played at the New Amsterdam Theatre = New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theatre in
talking about a place (Broadway), non-defining Manhattan, New York City.
that want to be part of the magic = talking about a
group of people (audiences), defining
who directed = talking about a person (the 2 To practise relative clauses
choreographer), defining • Explain the task and go through the example with
which is sure to leave you amazed = talking about a Ss, then give Ss time to complete the task.
thing (the musical), non-defining • Check Ss’ answers.
in which Aladdin is the young street kid = talking about
a thing (the story), non-defining
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8 Module
2 Seeing his first opera was the moment (when) Ian since first opening on Broadway = time clause,
knew he wanted to be a singer referring to the period of time that the musical has
3 The reason (why/that) Amy moved to Berlin was for been a success
a dance job. for a wonderful evening = clause of purpose, referring
4 Sally, whose mother was my music teacher, now to the purpose of seeing the musical
plays saxophone in an orchestra.
3 To practise forming sentences using 5 To practise forming sentences using

relative pronouns/adverbs different types of clauses
• Explain the task and remind Ss that there may be • Explain the task and refer Ss to the Grammar
more than one possible answer. Reference for more information.
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit a variety of sentences • Give Ss time to write sentences using each of the
from Ss around the class. words in the brackets.
Answer Key
1 Diversity are a street dancing group who made it big Answer Key
after winning a TV talent competition. OR Diversity, 1 Whatever young actors try, they find it difficult to
who are a streetdancing group, made it big after get a role in Hollywood.
winning a TV talent competition. OR Diversity, who No matter what young actors try, they find it difficult
made it big after winning a TV talent competition, to get a role in Hollywood.
are a street dancing group. etc. Hard as they try, young actors find it difficult to get a
2 We go to Glastonbury festival, which is one of the role in Hollywood./Hard as young actors try, they
most famous performing arts festivals in the world, find it difficult to get a role in Hollywood.
every year with our friends. 2 Although his band is talented and successful, he
3 They usually visit Edinburgh in August, when the isn’t happy.
Edinburgh Festival is on. Though his band is talented and successful, he isn’t
4 Last year I met Sting, who I have always admired. OR happy.
I met Sting, who I have always admired, last year. Despite his band being talented and successful, he
isn’t happy. OR Despite the fact that his band is
4 a) To present clauses talented and successful, he isn’t happy.
3 They called off the concert due to the rain.
• Explain to Ss that there are different kinds of
The reason why they called off the concert was that
clauses that express a number of different
it was raining. OR The rain was the reason why they
things (i.e. time, purpose, concession, reason,
called off the concert.
place), and each type of clause is introduced by
They called off the concert because of the fact that
a set of words and phrases. Refer Ss to the
it was raining. OR Because of the fact that it was
Grammar Reference and elicit from Ss what
raining, they called off the concert.
words can be used to introduce each type of
4 The famous dancer is sick today and as a result the
clause. Write them on the board. (i.e. time =
show has been cancelled.
after, no sooner, before, when, etc.)
The famous dancer is sick today; consequently, the
• Explain the task and give Ss time to match the
sentences to the types of clauses.
The famous dancer is sick today; therefore, the
Answer Key 5 I booked us tickets in advance so as not to miss out
1 A 3 G 5 D 7 H on the best seats.
2 E 4 C 6 F 8 B I booked us tickets in advance to avoid missing out
on the best seats.
I booked us tickets in advance for fear of missing
b) To identify different types of clauses
out on the best seats.
• Draw Ss’ attention in the text in Ex. 1. Give them
time to read it again, find the clauses and
decide what they are referring to.
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Module 8
6 a) To present participle clauses 7 a) To present cleft sentences
• Explain to Ss that participle clauses are a way to • Write on the board: Jenny didn’t see a comedy
give information in a more economical way, and at the cinema last night. (but somebody else
they can be used to replace adverbial clauses did), Jenny didn’t see a comedy at the cinema
(i.e. relative clauses, time clauses, clauses of last night. (but she saw some other kind of film),
concession, clauses of reason, etc) when the Jenny didn’t see a comedy at the cinema last
subjects of both clauses in the sentence are the night. (but she saw a comedy somewhere else)
same. Write on the board: While I was waiting • Elicit/explain how to form cleft sentences that
for the performance to start, I read the express these different meanings i.e.: It wasn’t
programme. = Waiting for the performance to Jenny who saw a comedy at the cinema last
start, I read the programme. night. It wasn’t a comedy that Jenny saw at the
• Then write on the board: Waiting for the cinema last night. It wasn’t at the cinema that
performance to start, the lights went out. Elicit Jenny saw a comedy last night.
from Ss why this is incorrect (i.e. This implies • Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference (p. GR25)
that the lights were waiting for the performance for other examples of cleft sentences.
to start.) • Explain the task and give Ss time to write the
• Direct Ss’ attention to the underlined sentences differences in meaning.
in the text in Ex.1. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference for more
Answer Key
information and give them time to answer the
questions. 1 a emphasises what Naomi does all day
• Check Ss’ answers. b emphasises what Naomi doesn’t do (i.e. she
doesn’t do anything else but practise)
Answer Key 2 a emphasises that most rock stars (but not all)
1 The actor playing Aladdin is especially good. seek a glamorous and exciting lifestyle
2 Studios, hoping to cash in on films, often transfer b emphasises the thing that most rock stars seek
them to the stage. is a glamorous and exciting life style (not
something else)
b) To practise forming sentences with 3 a emphasises what they saw
participle clauses b emphasises where they saw it
• Explain to Ss that present participles are used 4 a emphasises what Ellen wanted to see
when the action of the participle happens at the b emphasises when Ellen wanted to see it
same time as that of the main verb, and that past
participles are used instead when the clause has b) To practise using cleft sentences for
a passive meaning. Point out that perfect emphasis
participles are used when the action of the • Explain the task and go through the example
participle happens before that of the main verb, with the Ss.
and can be used in active and passive clauses. • Give Ss time to rewrite the sentences.
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference for more • Check Ss’ answers.
information, and give them time to rephrase the
Answer Key
sentences.
• Check Ss’ answers. 2 The reason I’ve popped over is to give you back the
book that I borrowed.
Answer Key 3 All Jack wants for his birthday is a guitar, A guitar is
1 Having been awarded a prize for his book, Neil sold what/all Jack wants for his birthday.
more copies. 4 It was on the 29th June, 1613, that Shakespeare’s
2 The famous pop star working in the studio was original Globe Theatre was destroyed by fire.
recording her new song. 5 It is in Somerset, England, that the Glastonbury
3 Having heard that her favourite band was in town, Festival takes place.
Julie booked tickets for the show. 6 What we should buy Kayley for her birthday is a
4 Seen from the audience, the singer looks much book token. A book token is what we should buy
taller than he does in person. OR When seen from Kayley for her birthday.
the audience, the singer looks much taller than he
does in person.
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8 Module
8 To practise using emphatic structures 2 a) To prepare for a listening task
in speech • Give Ss time to check the words in the Word List.
• Give Ss time to complete the sentences and • Check Ss’ answers and explain the meanings if
compare answers with a partner. necessary.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class. Answer Key
Suggested Answer Key designate (v): to decide that sth will be used for a
1 The first thing I want to do this weekend is go to the specific purpose
cinema. related to the world of (phr): concerning the area of
2 The thing that I enjoy most at a concert is the great interactive galleries (phr): an exhibition that uses
atmosphere. touch screen computers
3 All that I do is study all day. negative (n): (of photography) a light and dark image
4 It wasn’t me who lost the tickets. from which the final picture is printed
5 What really bothers me is when someone gives trace (v): to search carefully to find the origins and
away the ending of a film. development of sth
hotly (adv): excitedly
live-action (adj): (of a film) using real actors rather
than cartoon characters
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. coupled with (phr): combined with
Remind Ss to use the correct number of words and a trip down memory lane (phr): spending some time
not to change the word in bold. remembering the past
• Check Ss’ answers. opt (v): to choose
Answer Key
b) To listen for specific information
1 having seen the poster for
• Explain the task and give Ss time to read the
2 was such a fantastic film that
questions.
3 so as not to miss
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and tick the
4 despite the fact that he/having
correct box or fill in the missing information.
8d Listening skills Answer Key

1 B
2 A
4 C
5 A
7 the UK
8 spectacular
10 memorable
experience
1 To introduce the topic 3 C 6 free 9 1991
Read out the questions and elicit answers from Ss

around the class. 3 ICT To expand the topic and develop
research skills
• Ask Ss to research online and write their paragraphs.
I don’t know much about the history of film and
• Monitor activity around the class, helping as
television, except that the first films were black and
necessary.
white and had no sound. TV was black and white at first
• Check Ss’ answers. Ask some Ss to read their
too and only showed programmes at certain times. I’ve
paragraphs to the class.
heard that when someone in a neighbourhood got a
television, often many people went to their houses to Suggested Answer Key
watch it. A similar museum to the National Media Museum in
I prefer film over television. I think it’s not a good idea to Bradford is the London Film Museum in London’s
watch TV regularly, and some of the programmes are Covent Garden. The museum is dedicated to famous
not good quality. In contrast, I think seeing a film at the films and features exhibits all about film, as well as
cinema can be a special activity to do once in a while. costumes, props and vehicles from well-known cinema
It’s too easy to watch TV every night, and it can be a big classics. The museum hosts the Bond in Motion special
waste of time. exhibition, which is the largest official collection of
James Bond cars and props. Concept art, artwork,
storyboards, miniatures and models from James Bond
films are also featured.
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Module 8
4 a)
•
•
To prepare for a listening task
Give Ss time to check the words in the Word List.
Check Ss’ answers and explain the meanings if
8e Speaking skills
necessary. 1 a) To predict the content of a dialogue
Answer Key • Ask Ss to read the first and last exchanges.
diversity (n): variety • Elicit from Ss what they think the dialogue will
pander (to sth) (v): to support or promote sth not be about.
quite good in order to get some advantage • Play the recording. Ss listen and read along to
style over substance (phr): the technique or beauty of check if their ideas were correct.
sth is better than its content Suggested Answer Key
derive (v): to get sth pleasant from sth else
I think the dialogue is about two friends making plans to
seal of approval (phr): the fact that you officially
go and see a film at the cinema.
accept sth
buck the trend (phr): to oppose what is in fashion b) To identify and substitute phrases used
tug at the heartstrings (phr): to try to make sb feel for making suggestions, interrupting and
sadness or pity responding to suggestions
deprive (v): to not allow sb to have sth they need
embellish (v): to improve the appearance of sth • Explain the task and refer Ss to the Useful
debut (n): the first public appearance of an artist, Language box.
athlete, etc • Give Ss time to read the dialogue again and
find one’s roots (phr): to discover the origin of my family identify and replace the phrases with other from
advent (n): the coming of sth new the Useful Language box.
b) To listen for specific information Answer Key
(multiple choice)
How about going = makes a suggestion – What if we
• Explain that Ss will listen to an interview divided went
into five segments, and each segment will be I was wondering whether you’d like to see = makes a
followed by two questions. suggestion – How would you like to see
• Give Ss time to read the questions and the Sorry, but don’t you think it’s a bit outdated? =
possible answers. interrupts someone – But wouldn’t you say that it’s a bit
• Play the recording twice. Ss listen and choose outdated?
the correct answers. Well, I don’t know = responds to a suggestion
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. negatively – I’m not sure that’s such a good choice.
Answer Key hold on a second = interrupts someone – Wait a minute
1 B 3 A 5 A 7 C 9 C Shall we go for it? = makes a suggestion – How about
2 C 4 C 6 C 8 B 10 A going?
Sure, I’m in! = responds to a suggestion positively –
Yes, why not?
• Read out the questions and ask Ss to discuss in 2 To act out a dialogue using prompts based
pairs. on a model dialogue
• Monitor activity around the class.
• Ask various Ss to tell their opinions to the class. • Direct Ss’ attention to the dialogue in Ex. 1 and the
Useful Language box.
Suggested Answer Key • Ss work in pairs, take roles and act out a dialogue
S1: I think it’s better to see a film in the cinema, suggesting to see a film, and responding to the
because going to the cinema is a special suggestion. Remind Ss that B will be unsure at first
experience, and the films are never quite the same but A will persuade him/her.
on a smaller TV screen. • Draw this diagram on the board for Ss to follow.
S2: I do agree with you, but I think going to the cinema
is too expensive, so I rarely do it. If it were more
affordable, I’d go often, but the truth is, it’s much
more economical to see films at home.
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8 Module
A B Suggested Answer Key
Mention the film marathon Respond positively. 1 S1: How is entertainment present in our everyday
and invite B to go. Ask what film A lives? Please explain.
Suggest a film wants to see S2: Well, entertainment is present in our everyday
Interrupt and lives in many ways. In my life, music is the
Give reasons why it’s
respond negatively. most present. I listen to it every day, in my free
a good idea.
time, whatever else I’m doing. It is always there
Suggest a different film. Respond negatively.
in the background, and I would miss it so
Suggest seeing the Interrupt and much if it wasn’t there! Books are also a part of
second film. respond positively. my everyday life. I don’t have much time to
Say you will book tickets. Respond positively. read, unfortunately, but I always read for a bit
before I go to sleep. It helps me to relax. I think
• Monitor the activity around the class and then ask films are a big part of some people’s lives, but
some pairs to act out their dialogue in front of the they aren’t a big part of my life. I don’t have a
class. TV and I rarely go to the cinema, but once in a
Suggested Answer Key while I watch a film on my laptop.
2 S1: How has technology changed the
Jason: Hi Tim, it’s Jason. There’s a James Bond film
entertainment industry?
marathon on at the Filmhouse this weekend. How
S2: It has changed it so much! This is mostly due to
would you like to go on Saturday?
the Internet. Now, you can find any kind of
Tim: Yes, why not? I’m free on Saturday. Which James
music imaginable online, and you can listen,
Bond film are you thinking of seeing?
watch videos and download it easily. It means
Jason: How about seeing Dr. No? It’s the original
we can see more independent music that we
James Bond film that came out in 1962. It’s...
might not know about otherwise. It also means
Tim: Hold on a second, don’t you think it would be
that it’s harder for the industry and artists to
really old-fashioned?
make money, although I think digital downloads
Jason: Well, yes, but I think that’s why it would be so
are becoming popular now, and help to solve
interesting! I mean, we’ve both already seen the latest
this problem. I don’t think these changes are
James Bond films.
bad, though. It’s easier now for artists to be
Tim: Well, I don’t know. That was a while ago!
independent, and cut out the middle men, who
Jason: Perhaps it would be better to see one of older ones
used to make a lot of money. Animated films
of the more recent films, like Casino Royale from 2006.
are another new thing, but I don’t know much
Tim: Yes, I think seeing a modern James Bond film
about them. Social media has also changed the
would be kind of great.
entertainment industry, because it is another
Jason: So what do you think? Shall we go for it?
way for people to share what they like, so
Tim: Sure, I’m in.
things can become very popular very quickly.
Jason: OK, great. I’ll just book the tickets online now.
3 S1: Is it important to preserve traditional forms of
entertainment?
3 To answer questions based on written S2: Yes, I think it’s very important to preserve
prompts traditional forms of entertainment! By
• Read through the Study Skills box with Ss. Remind traditional forms of entertainment I guess we
Ss that they can use the three points to help them mean traditional music, songs and dancing,
develop their answers, but it is also OK for them to and old legends and stories, and maybe plays,
use their own ideas. too. I think these things are important because
• Ask Ss to work in pairs and ask and answer the they give people a cultural identity which is
questions. good for them because they have a continuity
with the past and with their ancestors. It can
help people to feel proud of who they are and
understand where they uniquely fit in the
world. Old legends and stories can also
preserve values, and teach young people
about their heritage. It is a way of passing on
wisdom. It can be worrying, however, if these
147
Module 8
things are used to build nationalism because 2 To practise adjectives related to the topic
then people might start to feel like they are • Give Ss time to check the meanings of the
more important than others, and it can lead to adjectives in their dictionaries and choose the odd
tensions between groups of people. one out.
4 To compare a model answer to your answer
Answer Key
• Play the recording. Ss listen and compare their characters
answers to the answers that they hear. shallow = (of a character) lacking depth or interesting
• Elicit comments from Ss around the class. qualities
Suggested Answer Key unconvincing = unbelievable
The model answer is similar to our answer. In both we catchy = (of a song) easy to remember
answer the questions and cover all of the points listed believable = convincing
as bullets, however the model answer tended to go into odd one out = catchy
further detail than my partner and I. In general, the plot
speakers in the model answer spoke more confidently poetic = relating to poetry
and didn’t hesitate at all. They also had a more diverse predictable = foreseeable
vocabulary than my partner and I. gripping = very interesting
riveting = fascinating
odd one out = poetic
8f Writing special effects

stunning = very attractive
astounding = astonishing
1 To practise adjectives related to the topic unimaginative = unable to think of original ideas
• Draw Ss’ attention to the language box on well-developed =fully thought-out
adjectives/adverbs. Give them time to read it and odd one out = well-developed
check their understanding. photography
• Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it. mediocre = second rate
• Check Ss’ answers. amateurish = not done to a professional standard
breathtaking = very exciting and surprising
Answer Key
enthusiastic = keen
1 circled: convincing, chilling, predictable, spine-tingling; odd one out = enthusiastic
The word wooden could be used to describe poor
acting. acting/performance(s)
2 circled: thought-provoking, spectacular, marvellous, appalling = terrible
action-packed; flawless = perfect
The word overcomplicated could be used to outstanding = exceptional
describe a book that is NOT recommended. state-of-the-art = (of technology) most modern
3 circled: moving, rousing, catchy, uplifting; odd one out = state-of-the-art
The word unimaginative could be used for songs writing/script
that don’t get you hooked or that are forgettable. contrived = not genuine or natural
(Note: The word moving is less likely than the other melodic = tuneful
words to be used for a song that gets you hooked, confusing = not easy to understand
but it is possible to use it in this way.) well-developed = fully thought-out
4 circled: underrated, imaginative, slow-moving, odd one out = melodic
hilarious; songs/tracks
The word long-running could be used for a TV tangled = complicated
series that has been shown for many years. remarkable = noteworthy
dull = boring
poignant = moving
odd one out = tangled
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8 Module
music As far as the film’s soundtrack is concerned, I found
moving = moving most of the tracks dull. The hit song “High Up” is awful,
over-the-top = exaggerated with clichéd lyrics. In general, the music was over-the-
stiff = (of an artist) wooden top, with the possible exception of ...
stimulating = exciting
odd one out = stiff 4 To personalise the topic
lyrics • Ask Ss to work in pairs. Give them time to do the
clichéd = stale task and monitor around the class.
awful = horrible • Ask various Ss to tell the class about their book,
action-packed = (of a film/book) with a lot of thrilling film or song.
incidents
profound = deep in meaning Suggested Answer Key
odd one out = action-packed I heard a great song recently. The melody of the music
was incredibly catchy so it stuck in my head, and the
lyrics were both funny and thought-provoking. The only
3 a) To consolidate vocabulary using
problem was that the singer’s voice wasn’t very
synonymous adjectives
powerful and it was hard to understand the lyrics.
• Go through the writing box on reviews and
check Ss’ understanding.
5 To write positive and negative
• Explain the task and make sure that Ss
recommendations
understand that they are sometimes going to
replace a phrase containing an adverb plus an • Read through the language box with the Ss and
adjective with a single adjective. make sure they understand the language used for
• Give Ss time to complete the task. recommending.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Explain the task and give Ss time to write their
recommendations.
Answer Key
• Check Ss’ answers and ask various Ss to read their
absolutely stunning = astounding recommendations to the class.
impressive = flawless
totally convincing = believable Suggested Answer Key
particularly standout = outstanding a) You shouldn’t miss this film. I would thoroughly
extremely realistic = well-developed recommend it to anyone who likes action films.
totally absorbing = gripping b) Unfortunately, this album is not worth listening to.
even more gripping = riveting While the songs are catchy, the lyrics of the songs
very moving = poignant are clichéd and the music is unimaginative. I would
impressive = remarkable not recommend it.
extremely thought-provoking = profound
incredibly rousing = stimulating 6 To present and practise formal linking devices
b) To consolidate vocabulary • Go through the language box on formal linking

devices with Ss and check their understanding.
• Give Ss time to replace the expressions and • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
make the review negative. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Check Ss’ answers and ask various Ss to read
Answer Key
out their reviews to the class.
1 Continuously, this historical drama has attracted
large audiences.
This is definitely a film to avoid; not only are the special 2 The new album is so popular that it is sure to top
effects unimaginative, but the acting is appalling as the charts.
well. The main characters are shallow and the actors 3 The film is not as good as people had hoped. As a
playing them give unconvincing performances. This is matter of fact, the filmmakers are really worried
due in part to the contrived script. I found the plot about losing money.
predictable, except when the action shifts overseas and
the script becomes confusing.
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Module 8
7 a) To identify style in reviews Answer Key
• Give Ss time to read the extracts. 1 No, the rubric does not require a summary of the
• Elicit answers to the questions. plot, but in a review a few lines describing the plot
are generally required.
Answer Key
2 I should write about aspects that I found compelling.
A = a CD, B = a book, C = a film
3 No, it’s not important to remember all the names, but
All three reviews use the present tense predominantly, the main characters’ names should be mentioned.
because the things being reviewed still exist, they are 4 The rubric does not ask you to include characters,
not over/finished/past. The simple passive and present but the main characters should be mentioned briefly
perfect also appear in the movie review, to refer to the in the introduction.
process of making the move, from book to screen and 5 what was compelling, why others might enjoy it,
the cost and it’s upward rise to become a hit. and what they might learn from it
6 A review in a magazine should be semi-formal.
b) To identify elements of style
b) To analyse a model review
• Check Ss’ answers. • Give Ss time to read the model and check if
their answers were correct.
Suggested Answer Key • Elicit comments from Ss around the class.
sophisticated vocabulary: It brilliantly explores the
funny, thrilling and tragic business of being alive. Suggested Answer Key
simple vocabulary/contractions: There’s nothing My answers were correct. The model does include a
quite like ..., It’s got wonderful songs... summary of the plot, however, although it is not
the passive voice: ...won’t be disappointed., required by the rubric.
direct address: I promise you won’t be disappointed.
formal linking devices: fronting = Insightful and bold, 9 a) To read a model text and fill in the gaps
The Fault..., pronominal linking = It brilliantly explores. with the correct word.
discourse marker = in particular
simple linking devices: It’s got wonderful songs that • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
flow with soft and slow rock ballad sounds. • Check Ss’ answers.
complex sentence structure: Insightful and bold, The Answer Key
Fault in Our Stars is award-winning author John
1 who 3 As 5 which
Green’s most ambitious and heartbreaking work yet.
2 from 4 What 6 how
simple sentence structure: It’s got wonderful songs
that flow with soft and slow rock ballad sounds. b) To analyse a model text; to find
synonyms
8 a) To analyse a rubric • Explain the task and give Ss time to find
• Ask Ss to read the rubric and then elicit what synonyms.
the key words are. • Check Ss’ answers.
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. Answer Key
charming = captivating
It’s great to get into a good book, isn’t it? That’s unwelcoming = inhospitable
why we’d like to publish some reviews of books trapped = stranded
you’ve read that you couldn’t put down. Send us powerful = fierce
a review of a book that you found compelling. escape = evacuate
In your review describe why you found it so shocked = horrified
compelling … and say why you think other readers cleverness = ingenuity
might enjoy it and what they might learn from it. beats = overcomes
impossible = insurmountable
suspenseful = tense
driven = propelled
character = protagonist
persistent = relentless
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8 Module
unbelievable = unrealistic 11 a) To brainstorm for ideas
unlivable = uninhabitable • Ask Ss to think of a film that they have seen and
difficult = tough write the headings in their notebooks.
pleasant = welcome • Give Ss time to brainstorm for ideas under the
usual = typical headings.
• Monitor activity around the class, helping as
Background information needed.
Andy Weir is the pen name of an American writer,
Andrew Taylor Weir. The Martian was his first novel.
He has also worked as a computer programmer for Notes
most of his life. Film: Super Size Me, documentary film. Morgan
Mars is the fourth planet in our Solar System. It is Spurlock wrote, produced, directed and starred in it.
often called the Red Planet because it has a reddish About what happened to his physical/psychological
appearance and is considered by many to be the health after eating only at McDonalds for a month.
most similar planet to Earth. Why it made an impression: Very well-done
NASA stands for The National Aeronautics and documentary. Presented statistics/facts and
Space Administration. It is responsible for the USA’s documented Spurlock’s experience over the month.
space programme, and is part of the United States Doctors checked him before/during/after. His health
federal government. President Eisenhower deteriorated. Film made a dramatic point.
established NASA in 1958. What others might enjoy: presented in funny way.
Humorous and horrifying at the same time. Spurlock
likable person.
What others might learn: teaches lesson about the
10 To analyse a rubric; to prepare for a writing real effects of fast food/importance of healthy diet
task
• Ask Ss to read the rubric and elicit the key words b) To complete sentences using your own
from Ss around the class. ideas
• Give Ss time to answer the questions. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete
• Check Ss’ answers. the sentences using the ideas in their notes.
You see the following announcement on the Suggested Answer Key

website filmfans.com: 1 One of the best things about this film is the way it
Reviews wanted uses humour to talk about a serious issue.
Has a film you’ve seen made a lasting impression 2 The main theme of this film is what happened to
on you? If so, send us a review of it. In your review Spurlock when he ate nothing but food from
describe why it made such an impression on you McDonald’s for 30 days.
and say why you think other viewers might enjoy it 3 Watching this film, you cannot fail to be shocked
and what they might learn from it. and to consider your own diet.
Write your review (220-260 words). 4 The script is, for the most part, true to life and
1 a film that made an impression on me. convincing.
2 people who visit a film website, the review should 5 The only thing which disappointed me was the fact
be semi-formal or formal. that it focused on one fast food chain – while in
3 general information about the film: name, director, reality unhealthy food can come from a lot of places.
main actors, what it is about etc. 7 After the first few minutes you feel really worried
4 largely favourable, because the rubric asks for a film about Spurlock and curious to see what happens.
that made a lasting impression, which is positive.
5 why the film made an impression on me, why other c) To write a review
viewers might enjoy it, and what they might learn • Refer Ss to the writing box on p. 140.
from it • Give Ss time to complete the task using phrases
6 with a summary and recommendation from the Useful Language box and their
answers from Exs 11a & b.
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Module 8
• Remind Ss’ to go through the Checklist after
they have finished writing their review. Background information
• Check Ss’ answers. The Italian Renaissance was a period of cultural
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and check change that began in Italy during the 14th century and
Ss’ answers in the next lesson. lasted until the 16th century. At this time there were
Suggested Answer Key great developments and achievements in literature,
music, philosophy and the arts, as well as science.
A film that made a lasting impression on me is Super
Catherine de’ Medici was an Italian noblewoman
Size Me. It is a documentary film that was written and
who at the age of 14 married King Henry II of France
directed by Morgan Spurlock, who also starred in the
and was Queen of France from 1547 until 1559. She
film. He decided to eat nothing but food from
was born in 1519 and died in 1589. The Medici family
McDonald’s for a month and document what happened
was known for being patrons of the arts.
to his body. The tone of the film is humorous, but the
King Henry II was a French king who was born in
results are shocking.
1519 and died in 1559. He was only 40 when he died
The reason it made such an impression on me is that is
from a sporting injury. He is known for having
a very well-done documentary. Spurlock includes
invented the patent.
statistics and interviews and got checked out by
doctors before, during, and at the end of the month.
They did tests that verified the dramatic changes in his
2 To practise word formation
health. It was worse than even his doctors had
predicted, and this gives the film a powerful and • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
important message. • Check Ss’ answers on the board.
Viewers will enjoy the film however, because it is Answer Key
presented in a funny and entertaining way. Spurlock
1 outstanding 4 boundaries 7 attention
laughs at himself and his trials and is a likable character.
2 enigmatic 5 creations 8 unsurprisingly
He does not lecture. He just lets us accompany him on
3 mysterious 6 cascading
his experiment and draw our own conclusions.
Super Size Me is a film with an important lesson.
Viewers can’t help but be astounded by the results of Background information
Spurlock’s month eating only fast food and will most Girl with a Pearl Earring is a well-known painting by
likely question their own diets after watching it. While 17th-century Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer.
hardly anyone eats at McDonald’s every day, many Mona Lisa is probably the most famous paining in
people eat fast food regularly. This film is sure to inspire the world. It was made by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503
viewers to cut back. or 1504 in Florence, Italy. It is famous because of the
Overall, this is a film that everyone should watch. The enigmatic smile of the woman in the painting.
well-presented facts will change how you view fast Banksy is a graffiti artist from Bristol whose works
food forever and entertain you in the process. I would have political and social themes and often have black
highly recommend it. humour. Banksy has become extremely famous, but
nobody knows who he really is as he hides his true
identity.
Language Knowledge 8 Li Hongbo is a contemporary Chinese artist whose
works are displayed internationally. He lives and
works in Beijing.
1 To complete an open cloze task
• Give Ss time to read the text and think of the
correct words to fill the gaps. 3 To practise key word transformations
• Check Ss’ answers. • Give Ss time to complete the task.
Answer Key • Remind Ss not to write more than six words and to
use the word in capitals.
1 as 3 put 5 from 7 around/across
2 trace 4 is 6 which 8 than
152
8 Module
Answer Key come by (phr v): to find sth by chance
1 was taken aback/by surprise come to (phr v): (of a bill) to add up to
2 lost track of come into (phr v): to enter
3 make up your mind (about) go easy on sth (phr): to use sth in moderation
4 I was interested in seeing take it easy (phr): to relax
5 have I seen such a silly feel ill at ease (phr): to be uncomfortable
6 a good/great chance of winning ease my way (phr): to move slowly and carefully
7 hadn’t been held up get hold of sb (phr): to find sb
8 however hard I be in the habit of doing sth (phr): to do sth frequently
get the idea (phr): to understand sth
get the hang of (sth) (phr): to master sth
salient (adj): most important
• Give Ss time to do the task. seasoned (adj): experienced
• Check Ss’ answers. Ss should justify their answers. seasonable (adj): appropriate to the season
skilled (adj): talented
Answer Key
summit (n): the highest part of a mountain
1 B a variety of ways = a variety of + plural noun crest (n): the highest point of a hill or wave
2 A on (be hard on sb = to be critical or unfair) + pinnacle (n): the highest level of a career
reflective pronoun (referring to Jessica = herself) top (n): the highest part of sth
+ when ecstatic (adj): full of joy
3 D modal verb indicating possibility hilarious (adj): very funny
4 C indefinite article + somewhat (adverb modifying humorous (adj): funny and amusing
degree) + adjective whimsical (adj): temperamental; capricious
5 A present perfect passive, no modal is required authority (n): official power to do sth
here authenticity (n): genuineness
6 B comparison of two things = far more ...than + authorisation (n): official permission
demonstrative pronoun (NOT object pronoun) authentication (n): the act of confirming that sth is
7 D such a + uncountable noun genuine
8 A given (preposition) = knowing about or acknowledged (adj): recognised; noted
considering sth accepted (adj): (of a person) allowed entry somewhere
9 C subject + verb (There is only one clause in this acceptable (adj): satisfactory
sentence so we must add a verb without a accomplished (adj): very good at sth
clause structure) drop by (phr v): to pay sb a short visit
10 B participle clause (introduced by with + subject) drop off (phr v): to give sb a lift
because the subject of the two clauses are drop out (phr v): to quit sth
different drop into (phr v): to visit sb unexpectedly
11 A a passive structure is required here because a saviour (n): a rescuer
review cannot believe sanatorium (n): a hospital for chronic diseases
12 A present perfect continuous for repeated sanctuary (n): a refuge
activities which started at a particular time in the seclusion (n): isolation
past and are still continuing up until now
5
•
To practise vocabulary
Give Ss time to do the task.
Language Focus 8
• Check Ss’ answers. Explain or elicit the meanings 1 To present and practise new vocabulary
of any unknown words. related to the topic
Answer Key • Give Ss time to complete the task.
1 D 3 B 5 D 7 C 9 C 11 A • Check Ss’ answers. Elicit the meanings of the other
2 B 4 B 6 B 8 B 10 D 12 C words.
let off steam (phr): to unwind
far from (phr): nowhere close to
come along (phr v): to go somewhere with sb
153
Module 8
Answer Key
1 transmitting, conveying = expressing an idea or
Progress Check 8
emotion to others in a way they understand
1 To read for specific information (multiple
2 shoot, photograph = to take a still picture with a
choice)
camera
3 contestant, contender = someone who is • Ask Ss to read the questions and the possible
competing against others in order to win answers and then give them time to read the text
4 extra, cameo = a small but noticeable part in a film, carefully and choose the correct answers.
played by a famous actor • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
5 presenter, commentator = someone on TV or radio
Answer Key
who describes an event, particularly a sport, as it
happens 1 C (lines 5-6) 3 D (lines 31-33)
2 C (lines 21-24) 4 A (global)
2 To present and practise new vocabulary

related to the topic 2 To revise vocabulary from the module
• Give Ss time to complete the task. • Explain the task and give Ss time to complete it.
1 g 3 d 5 a 7 f 1 commentary 3 tunes 5 contrived

2 h 4 c 6 e 8 b 2 overrated 4 entails
3 To present and practise new vocabulary 3 To listen for specific information

related to the topic • Explain the task and give Ss time to read the
• Give Ss time to complete the task. questions.
• Check Ss’ answers. • Play the recording. Ss listen and tick the correct
box or fill in the missing information.
1 tune 3 track 5 routine
Answer Key
2 recital 4 musical
1 A 3 C 5 ground floor
2 C 4 (period) tea room 6 costumes
4 To present and practise idioms related to
the topic
4 To revise clauses
• Check Ss’ answers. Elicit if there are similar idioms • Give Ss time to complete the task.
in Ss’ own language. • Check Ss’ answers.

1 get 3 sang 5 follow 7 face 1 who 5 in view of 9 However
2 makes 4 stole 6 break 8 calls 2 as soon as 6 wherever 10 Because
3 even though 7 in order to
Grammar in Focus 4 so many 8 whose
To practise grammar structures 5 To revise language for making and

• Give Ss time to complete the task. responding to suggestions and interrupting
• Check Ss’ answers. • Give Ss time to choose the correct options.
1 However 6 was founded 11 have Answer Key
2 the 7 who been 1 b 2 b 3 a
3 to get 8 are performed trained
4 themselves 9 though 12 plans
5 by 10 as well as
154
8 Module
6 To write a report Competences
• Give Ss time to complete the task. Ask Ss to assess their own performance in the unit
• Remind Ss to use a variety of adjectives and according to how competent they feel regarding each of the
adverbs in their reviews, and to make a listed activities.
recommendation.
Scrubs is a hilarious TV series which is set in a hospital
and combines comedy and life lessons in an original
way. It was created by Bill Lawrence, and the lead
character is J.D., a medical intern, played by Zack Braff.
The series follows the lives of the employees at a
fictional teaching hospital, including interns, doctors,
nurses and the janitor. Their daily lives are quite
ordinary, but the characters themselves are very
entertaining. The series also features J.D.’s daydreams,
which add a surreal element. But the best thing about
this series is that the characters are believable and
complex, and they develop throughout the episodes.
Compared to most TV series, I would say that Scrubs
provides positive role models for young people for a
number of reasons. First of all, the characters are
ordinary and realistic; they make mistakes and learn
and grow. At the same time, they are in positions of
responsibility as medical staff at a hospital. This gives a
message that ordinary people can do very skilled and
important jobs - a valuable message for young people.
Also, the characters are diverse, from different ethnic
groups and social classes, which further strengthens
the message. Finally, each programme presents a life
lesson at the end, but nevertheless, manages to be
hilarious and entertaining.
Overall, this is a series that is original and funny while
providing positive role models for young people.
Although it is no longer running, it is well worth finding
the DVDs and watching them. After a few episodes, you
are sure to be a fan.
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11OnScreen C1 Ts POL CLIL_CULT.qxp_11OnScreen C1 Ts POL CLIL_CULT 12/7/18 12:46 PM Page 156
CLIL/
Culture key
A CLIL: Science 4 ICT

further study
To expand the topic and conduct
• Give Ss time to find information about another

1 To introduce the topic; to read for specific animal with ‘superpowers’ and to prepare their
information presentations.
• Read the rubric aloud and ask Ss to look at the • Monitor activity around the class.
pictures and headings. • Ss give their presentations to the class.
• Elicit guesses from Ss about the kind of • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and ask Ss to
‘superpowers’ each animal might have. give their presentations in the next lesson.
• Give Ss time to read the texts to find out. Suggested Answer Key
The immortal jellyfish, Turritopsis dohrnii, has the
Answer Key superpower of immortality! Jellyfish have a complicated
The Axolotl’s superpower is its ability to regrow limbs, life cycle with immature individuals growing (almost like
eyes, organs and even its spinal cord. plants) on the sea floor, and adult individuals floating
The Mimic Octopus’ superpower is its ability to not only freely in the sea. Turritopsis dohrnii can actually turn from
change colour but also to mimic (i.e. pretend to be) an adult individual back into an immature individual, in
other species, usually the predators of its predators! this way starting life over again whenever it needs to. In
this way it could, in theory at least, live forever.
2 To read for cohesion and coherence

• Give Ss time to read the texts and think of a
suitable word to fit each gap.
A Culture Spot
• Play the recording. Ss listen and check. 1 To read for specific information
Answer Key • Read the words in the rubric aloud and then play
1 without 3 enough 5 To the recording.
2 after 4 like 6 other • Give Ss time to listen and to read the text to find out
how the words are related to the British Royal
• Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
Family.
to use their dictionaries to look them up (for
definitions see World List at the back of the book). Suggested answer key
A cultural institution is an important thing that helps
3 To personalise the topic promote and preserve the culture of a country. The
Royal Family are a good example as they preserve the
• Allow Ss some time to read through the texts again culture of Britain. The Royal Family are the key people
and think of their answers. in the monarchy (system of having a king/queen) in the
• Elicit opinions from Ss around the class. UK. Love affair refers to the affection many British
Suggested Answer Key people have for the Royal Family. Pomp and ceremony
refers to many traditional activities (for example the
I learned that the Axolotl can regrow entire complex
Changing of the Guard) that attract tourists. Cultural
body parts, for example eyes and organs. I didn’t know
icons are what the Royal Family have become, as they
any animal could do that.
are a symbol of the UK.
I learned that the Mimic Octopus can pretend to be the
predator of a specific animal, depending on which
animal it sees! 2 To research/talk about an important family
I find the Mimic Octopus most fascinating because it’s in your country
amazing that it can use its body in so many different • Read the rubric and ask Ss to find information
ways to imitate so many different creatures. about an important family in their country (i.e.
royalty, an important political or cultural family, or
even a popular celebrity family).
• Ss work in pairs or groups.
156
CLIL/
Culture key
Suggested answer key • Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
An important family in my country is the Obama family. explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss
They are an important political family that includes to use their dictionaries to look them up (for
former President Barack Obama, former First Lady definitions see World List at the back of the book).
Michelle Obama and their two daughters Malia and
Sasha. They are important because as the First Family 3 To consolidate information from a text
of the United States from 2009 to 2017 they played a • Explain the task and give Ss time to go through the
major role in American politics and culture. They were text and take notes.
also the first family of a US President that is African- • Ask Ss to work in pairs and tell their partner how to
American. stand out from the crowd when looking for a job.
B CLIL: PSHE Grab the employer’s attention: • tailor CV to the job –
give the info they want • use appropriate language, not
clichés
1 To introduce the topic; to read for gist Prove yourself: • get voluntary experience related to
• Read the rubric aloud and ask Ss to look at the title your field • show your creative work on a website
and the subheadings. Be marketing savvy: • use business social networks
• Elicit guesses from Ss about what they think the Have a good attitude: • don’t get discouraged
text might be about. • keep focused on your goal
• Give Ss time to listen and to read the texts to find There are lots of ways to stand out from the crowd while
the answer to the question. looking for a job. It’s often a good idea to grab the
• Check Ss’ answers around the class. employer’s attention to make yourself memorable. You
Suggested Answer Key can do this by tailoring your CV to the job by giving all the
The subheadings sound like they are ways of standing relevant information that they want. It also helps to use
out from the crowd when applying for jobs. Job seekers appropriate language and avoid clichés. Another good
can stand out from the crowd when job hunting by idea is to prove yourself to an employer. You can do this
grabbing an employer’s attention, proving themselves, by getting voluntary work experience related to your field,
being marketing savvy and having a good attitude. and then showing your creative work on a website. It also
helps to be marketing savvy by using business social
networks to improve your presence in the industry. Lastly,
and most importantly, have a good attitude. It’s important
• Ask Ss to read sentences 1-5 and then read the not to get discouraged and to keep focused on your goal.
text and decide if they are true or false.
• Remind Ss to use information from the text to justify
4 ICT To expand the topic
their answers. Check Ss’ answers.
• Explain the task and give Ss time to look up
Answer Key
information on more ways to stand out from the
1 False – the article says ‘tailoring the CV to the role’
crowd when looking for a job.
(l.6) is important.
• Ask various Ss to tell the class what they learned.
2 False – ‘Avoid using business jargon and clichéd
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and ask Ss to
wording...’ (l.6-7) and ‘... use vibrant but down-to-
tell the class what they learned next time.
earth vocabulary...’ (l.8-9)
3 True – ‘... with concrete examples of how you meet Suggested Answer Key
the criteria.’ (l. 9) There are lots of ways to stand out from the crowd when
4 True – ‘..try landing some work experience ... ’(l.12) job hunting. Some good ways are by being original and
and ‘... why not showcase your work on your own inventive. Don’t be afraid to try new or unusual things.
website?’ (l.14) For example, you could use technology in interesting
5 True – ‘... it makes sense to focus on marketing ways, such as making your CV interactive using a
yourself ...’ (l.17) website to host your details. You can also present
yourself in exciting ways and have clever things to say
about yourself. Whatever ideas you have, just make sure
they are relevant for the position you’re applying for.
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CLIL/
Culture key
B Culture Spot matter what, and if the price rises, they will get paid
more. Also, they receive extra money to invest in their
communities, too.
• Read out the rubric and elicit from Ss what they 2 To read for cohesion and coherence
know, if anything, about Australian rules football. • Give Ss time to read the texts and think of a
• Play the recording and give Ss time to listen and suitable word to fit each gap.
read to answer the question. • Play the recording. Ss listen and check.
Answer Key
Answer Key
1 what 4 but 7 way 10 such
Australian rules football is a game played with an oval 2 much 5 still 8 how
ball similar to rugby but with different rules. There are 4 3 is 6 by 9 bit
goal posts: two large and two small. The object is to
kick the ball through the goal posts. Players can kick or • Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
punch the ball to another player, or run with it. explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss
to use their dictionaries to look them up (for
definitions see World List at the back of the book).
2 To personalise and expand the topic
• Read the rubric and ask Ss to find information (if
necessary) about a popular sport in their country 3 To read for specific information; to
and write a paragraph. consolidate information from a text
• Ask various Ss to read their paragraphs to the • Give Ss time to read the sentence stubs 1-4 and
class. complete the sentences with words/phrases from
Suggested Answer Key the text.
Basketball is a popular sport in my country. It was
• Ask Ss to work in pairs and use the words from the
invented in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the US, by Dr
Check these words box to tell their partners what
James Naismith in December 1891. He invented it to be
they learned from the text.
a sport that could be played indoors in the winter to
• Monitor activity, and ask some Ss to tell the class.
keep student athletes in shape. Today, it is played by
two teams of five players. It is usually played on an Answer Key
indoor court with ten-foot-high hoops on each end. 1 (the) bargaining power 3 a guaranteed price
Teams score points by throwing the ball through the 2 poor nutrition 4 an extra premium
hoops of the opposing team. Players cannot run while
holding the ball, and must dribble (bounce it on the Suggested Answer Key
ground) or throw it to their teammates. I learned that the people who grow coffee on
plantations are often poor and don’t have enough
bargaining power to get good prices for the coffee
C CLIL: Citizenship beans. I also learned that it’s a good idea to buy
Fairtrade products if possible because they guarantee a
stable price to the workers and also fund community
1 To introduce the topic; to read for specific projects.
information
• Read the rubric aloud and elicit from Ss what they 4 ICT To expand the topic and conduct
know (if anything) about Fairtrade products. further research
• Give Ss time to read the text and answer the • Give Ss time to find information about another
question. Check Ss’ answers around the class. Fairtrade product to report to the class.
• Monitor activity around the class.
Answer Key
• Ss report what they learned to the class.
Fairtrade products guarantee that all the workers are • Alternatively, assign the task as HW and ask Ss to
paid fairly, even if they live in poor countries. Buying report to the class in the next lesson.
Fairtrade coffee helps producers because it guarantees
that producers get paid a certain amount of money no
158
CLIL/
Culture key
Fairtrade cotton is used for clothing, bags and
homeware items. Most Fairtrade cotton is grown in
D CLIL: Geography
West Africa and India in rural communities. A large 1 To introduce the topic; to read for specific
amount of Fairtrade cotton farmers, around 65 percent, information
hold organic certification. This means that their farming
• Read the rubric aloud and elicit from students what
methods are safer for people and the environment than
they know (if anything) and what they would like to
regular commercial farming. Fairtrade practices give a
know about icebergs.
guaranteed price for farmers, and it is estimated that
• Give Ss time to write down three questions and
Fairtrade farmers received more than one million euros
read the text.
in Fairtrade Premium payments in 2013-14.
• Elicit from various Ss what questions they wrote
down and if they were answered.
C Culture Spot Suggested Answer Key

I know that icebergs are found in the sea by the North
and South Poles, and that they come from glaciers. I
1 To read for specific information would like to know why some icebergs are blue. I would
also like to know how exactly they are formed. I would
• Read the rubric out loud and ask Ss to look at the also like to know the different names that icebergs
picture and read the first sentence. Elicit from Ss have.
what they think Battersea Dogs and Cats Home is. All of my questions were answered.
• Give Ss time to read the text in order to answer the
question.
• Check Ss’ answers. 2 To read for gist; to match headings to
paragraphs
Answer Key
• Explain the task and ask Ss to work in pairs.
Battersea Dogs & Cats home is a charity that helps • Ss read the text again and say what each
dogs and cats that are lost and in trouble. It aims to paragraph is about. Then Ss match the headings to
help any dog or cat in need, and never turn one away. It the paragraphs and think of alternative headings.
reunites lost pets with their owners or finds them new • Check Ss’ answers around the class.
homes. It also helps some dogs with special talents
become working dogs. Answer Key
Paragraph 1 is about how icebergs come to be and
2 To research and report on a topic why they are not just ordinary ice.
Paragraph 2 is about the shape, size and colour of
• Read the rubric and give Ss time to find information icebergs – their physical appearance.
about a charity or organisation in their country and Paragraph 3 is about the lifespan of an iceberg and also
then write a paragraph. its significance to the environment.
• Ask various Ss to read their paragraphs to the Paragraph 4 is about the effect of icebergs on humans
class. and the threats they pose.
1 B 2 E 3 A 4 D
A charity that helps animals in my country is the
ASPCA. ASPCA stands for The American Society for Suggested Answer Key
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The group is one 1 A slow birth 3 The circle of life
of the biggest in the USA and performs animal rescues 2 Physical appearance 4 Hazards to mankind
as well as arranging animal adoption for strays. The
ASPCA is an old charity that has worked to help • Refer Ss to the Check these words box and
animals for over 150 years. It aims to end animal cruelty explain/elicit the meanings of the words or ask Ss
and give animals a second chance at life. to use their dictionaries to look them up (for
definitions see World List at the back of the book).
159
CLIL/
Culture key
3 ICT To expand the topic and conduct 2 To write a paragraph about a theatre in your
further research country
• Give Ss time to find more facts about icebergs and • Read the rubric and give Ss time to find information
to prepare to report to the class. about a theatre in their country and then write a
• Monitor activity around the class. paragraph.
• Ss report what they learned to the class. • Ask various Ss to read their paragraphs to the
• Alternatively, assign the task as HW and ask Ss to class.
report to the class in the next lesson.
Suggested Answer Key A famous theatre in my country is Thalian Hall, in
Icebergs can be very old, some as much as 10,000 Wilmington, North Carolina. Thalian Hall is one of the
years old. Occasionally, they can wash up on beaches oldest theatres in the United States and was opened in
or get caught in shallow water. Icebergs play a large 1858. It was designed by the famous theatre architect
part in ocean ecosystems and the freshwater that melts John Montague Trimble and is the last surviving
from them can influence ocean currents. Icebergs can example of his work. It has 1,000 seats and has shown
be so large that some can have small ponds form on performances from its opening day right up to the
the surface as they melt. present. There are usually over 200 shows and events a
year, including ballet, opera, theatre and music
concerts. The current schedule includes performances
D Culture Spot from groups such as the Opera House Theatre, the
Thalian Association and Cape Fear Theatre Arts.

• Read the rubric out loud and elicit from Ss what
they know (if anything) about the Cutty Sark.
• Give Ss time to read the text in order to answer the
question.
Answer Key
The Cutty Sark is a ship that has a museum inside in
London. The unusual thing about it is that parts of it can
be turned into a theatre.
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Audioscripts
Module 1 – Who we are Speaker 2

I love my uncle but I’m never sure whether or not I can trust
Module page – Exercise 3 (p. 5) him to do what he says. He’s always promising to do things
Speaker 1 and then, when it comes to the crunch, he backs out and
I’ve always been very close to my grandad, from the time he leaves me in the lurch.
and my grandmother used to babysit me when I was a little Speaker 3
girl. I feel like I can just be who I am with him, without having My little sister is very quiet. She doesn’t talk when there’s
to explain my every move, like I do sometimes with my someone in the room she doesn’t know and she gets
parents. I often go with him on Saturday mornings when he frightened when someone asks her a question. She doesn’t
takes his little dog Ginger for a walk in the park and we just have the confidence to speak up.
stroll around enjoying each other’s company. I know I don’t
Speaker 4
have to impress him or prove anything to him – he just
My brother has something to say about everything. He can’t
adores me as I am. That’s such a lovely feeling!
have a conversation without putting in his 2 cents and he
Speaker 2 always considers himself to be right no matter what the
I mostly get on really well with my mum and, in fact, a few argument against him is.
people have asked recently if we are sisters! Our
1d – Exercise 5 (p. 12)
relationship has its ups and downs though. At the end of the
day, she’s the parent and I’m the child and, ultimately, what Speaker 1
she says goes. What’s great, though, is that if we disagree Uncle James was quite overwhelmed that we had gone to
about something, we usually talk it through until we’ve such great lengths to organise his retirement bash. He was
sorted out the problem. She’s really good at pointing out ever so grateful, but at the same time quite regretful. You
when I’ve made a wrong decision or when my attitude see, he had always enjoyed what he did and he had a great
towards something isn’t right – which is annoying rapport with his colleagues. So much so that he really didn’t
sometimes – but I guess in the end this helps me to become want to retire. That’s why we weren’t sure if he would be
a better person. troubled by the celebrations. Luckily, as it turned out, it was
just what he needed. An added bonus was that it gave me a
Speaker 3
chance to catch up with some of the extended family. In
I’m very close to my older sister. We have a lot in common
particular, my second cousin Denis. I’d never really spoken
and there’s only fifteen months between us, so we have
to him before so it was a good opportunity to rectify that.
many of the same friends. We often watch TV and have a
laugh together in the evenings, which really helps me to Speaker 2
relax after I’ve finished studying. The best thing about We’re a close-knit family so everyone was delighted that
having a sibling you’re really close to, though, is having Sophie and Barry were getting hitched but I wasn’t sure if I
someone to talk to when you’re going through a difficult would be able to make it. When the invitations arrived I was
time. I feel like Hayley always understands me and I always devastated when I realised that the big day coincided with
feel better about something after we’ve had a heart-to- the first day of term. Thankfully, my parents cleared it with
heart. my school that I would start the year late so I could attend. It
was a lovely ceremony even though most of the other
Speaker 4
guests were from Barry’s side. But we enjoyed it regardless.
I love my aunt. She’s a lot of fun and I always look forward to
What made it for me was Sophie and Barry’s obvious
her visits. She’s led an exciting life. She’s travelled
delight that we had made the effort to go, and of course
everywhere volunteering for causes for the needy. She’s done
seeing how happy they were together.
some special work along the way and has experienced so
many things on her travels. I love listening to her stories, they Speaker 3
teach you not just about the places she has seen but also a I’m still not sure why I was put in charge of the
lot about life lessons. She’s really easy to talk things over with arrangements for the graduation trip because I had never
and she does it in a non-judgmental way. In fact, she has done anything like it before, but everyone is still telling me
helped me decide what path I want to take for my future. what a great time they had. Made me realise I have a talent
for organisation. To begin with I had thought to do
1b – Exercise 5b (p. 8) something simple, like a barbecue, but everyone had such
great suggestions I was inspired to incorporate as many of
Speaker 1
them as I could and we ended up going on an activity
Cousin Jeffery doesn’t mean to cause offense. The words
camping trip. Although, to tell you the truth, it almost didn’t
just come out of his mouth before he’s had time to consider
happen at all. When I made the booking at the campsite, the
how they might make others feel. It’s a shame because
dates got mixed up, but it all got sorted in the end and there
otherwise, he can be a really sweet guy.
are even plans for a reunion trip soon.
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Audioscripts
Speaker 4 Speaker 2
The barbecue for the twins’ birthday had been planned for I’ve lived in this neighbourhood my whole life and I have a
weeks but when little Jacob developed a temperature the strong connection to it. My parents had a house the next
night before we thought it would be cancelled. Turns out it street over, where I grew up, and it was the perfect place to
was just a 12-hour thing and he was right as rain on the big raise a family. It’s got good schools, great parks, all the
day. If anything, it was his sister that wasn’t happy. She amenities you need and an excellent public transport
cried the house down the whole day, poor little thing. Maybe system. It was obvious to me that I belonged here. So, when
the number of people there was too much for her. Anyway, I I got married myself I couldn’t imagine moving anywhere
was thrilled when I saw that their mother had dressed them else. I’m lucky my wife agreed with me about the merits of
in the outfits I had made them. My knitting skills have living here. I guess the only drawback to living in such a
improved immensely and everyone commented on how close-knit community is that there are no secrets.
cute they looked in their outfits. It was a genuine Everybody knows everything about everybody else so any
compliment that she had chosen them. news or gossip spreads like wildfire.
Speaker 5 Speaker 3
Your son turning 30 is a pretty big deal so my parents went Village life isn’t for everyone. The lack of opportunity puts a
to a lot of effort to make it a night to remember, but Kevin lot of people off, young people especially. Quite a few of the
almost put a spanner in the works when he announced that younger generation move to the city as soon as they’re old
he was taking a new job in America which was due to start enough, for work or to study. That’s what my own kids did
before his birthday. My parents ran themselves ragged and it was the right move for them but I actually did the
trying to arrange everything for an earlier date but they exact opposite. I grew up in the city and it was just too
pulled it off. It was a great night and it was really touching much for me. Everyone was just so aggressive. I guess I
when they put on a slide-show of his life. I got a little choked longed for a slower way of life, and I found it here.
up when it got to the picture of Kevin and me playing with Everything is just more relaxed. I do miss the nightlife.
our childhood pet. It reminded me how much I was going to There’s not exactly a wealth of entertainment on the
miss my brother when he left. I wasn’t expecting that. doorstep when you live in a place that only has around one
thousand inhabitants, but I don’t really mind.
1e – Exercise 3 (p. 13) Speaker 4
Speaker A This is a great place to live, but I don’t think I want to stay
I’m from Munich in Germany. I live with my parents and here forever. The pace of life here is hectic, very different to
siblings. I like it there. It’s where most of my friends live and where I grew up. I suppose that might be part of the
there are plenty of things to do. It’s a nice city with lots of cafes, problem. Everyone is running around so much they don’t
parks and museums. The only thing I don’t like is the weather. take the time to connect with each other. That’s what I miss
Speaker B about home. Growing up in a place where everyone knows
I grew up in Munich and now I’m a student there. I certainly do you has its drawbacks but you could rely on your
like living there, not only because it’s a picturesque city with a neighbours. I still don’t know mine and I’ve been here a year
lot going on, but because the way of life is very easy-going already. It gets a bit lonely sometimes but I had to come. I
and relaxed. This really suits my nature, but as a keen skier, I mean, I had no choice. The course I wanted to do isn’t
also appreciate that the Alps are right on my doorstep. The offered in any of the schools back home.
only downside to living here is that it’s a pretty expensive city. Speaker 5
It’s a bit overwhelming and quite an adjustment living on
Progress check 1 – Exercise 2 (p. 22) your own for the first time. My new flat’s in a noisier area
Speaker 1 than my parents’ house, but I don’t mind that. The country
I’m not close to anything around here. But that’s exactly was perfect for growing up but I was looking for somewhere
why I chose it. I need solitude and silence for my work. with a bit more life to it and I’m only five minutes from work,
Between the traffic and all the entertainment in the city, I which was my main motive for moving. You have to alter
couldn’t concentrate. It really irritated me. I know a lot of your priorities though, when you live alone. I used to worry
people wouldn’t be able to cope with the isolation here and I about having the latest gadget or fashion, but now I have to
have to admit it does get to me sometimes. There are days save to pay bills. I also have to manage my time better to fit
when I yearn for some human contact but, thankfully, those in shopping and cooking. Can you believe, I’ve even put
days are few and far between. If I had to choose a together a cleaning rota, because you have to keep on top
downside, I’d say it’d be the fact that I need to have a car. of the chores.
There’s no train station near here and the bus system
doesn’t service this area and I need to buy provisions.
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Audioscripts
Module 2 – Pushing boundaries Man: And you don’t think you can get the same effect from
a normal whiteboard?
2b – Exercise 5a (p. 26) Woman: Not to the same extent. I understand some teachers
Speaker 1 being wary of using technology in the classroom but it’s
You know, I’ve often wondered why, with all the technological important to keep up-to-date. I mean, we’re not still using
advances that mankind has made over the years, cars are still abacuses in Maths, are we? Just as teachers were probably
effectively the same as they were a century ago. Isn’t it time apprehensive about the introduction of calculators back in the
that we did away with the environmentally unfriendly day they’re bound to want to hold off on this, but you have to
combustion engine and opt instead for a cleaner source of move with the times and embrace the new, don’t you?
power? It seems to me that making a case for the
development of solar-powered cars is a bit of a no-brainer. Extract two
Speaker 2 Young Man: So what do you think about our old school
The problem is not that people don’t want to read, it’s that bringing in compulsory tablet computers for the kids?
they physically can’t get their hands on the books to practice Young Woman: Well, really it was inevitable, wasn’t it? After
their skills. It’s a sad fact that in developing countries people all, we live in a world which is much more technology rich
have little or no access to reading material, but with the than five or ten years ago when we were at school. To tell
innovation of mobile devices all that seems to be changing. you the truth, I’m surprised that it’s only just happening now.
In remote areas, where there are no libraries or bookshops, But I suspect that it may be impractical to enforce, though.
tablets could be the answer to this widespread problem. Some parents on a tight budget will probably find it difficult
Speaker 3 to afford a tablet for their children, for a start. Then there’s
Even though some hospitals are already utilising robotics in the issue of whether the students will end up leaving school
surgical theatres, the human element is never far away and without being competent enough in their writing skills, which
that is because robots cannot take calculated risks in the school will be duty bound to ensure doesn’t happen.
situations when they may be necessary to save a life. Where Young Man: I don’t think the tablets are essential but I’m
we need robots is to carry out the mundane tasks in order to sure the benefits of something like this will far outweigh the
free up doctors to concentrate on more specialised cases drawbacks. There are the obvious plus points, of course,
and focus on the research needed to discover cures. like not having to carry heavy textbooks around all day and
Speaker 4 being able to use the tablet to learn anywhere and at any
In order to ensure that all the peoples of the planet have time, which is a vast improvement on the current situation.
access to enough safe and nutritious food, we need to find a But I think the most significant benefit will be that students’
sustainable source. The answer to that may lie with interest levels will get a boost. There are so many apps you
genetically modified crops. The ability to grow plants that can use on tablets these days and that’s bound to be
are resilient to pests and disease, with the added bonus of attractive to students and facilitate their learning, which can
reducing our dependence on insecticides, which aren’t only be a positive development.
good for anyone, would be invaluable.
Extract three
2d – Exercise 3 (p. 30) Man: So, a recent survey of high schools showed that,
Extract one although most students enjoy learning about science, very few
Man: How’s the interactive whiteboard working out in your choose to undertake a course in higher education. Basically, no
classroom? matter how informative and inspiring their teachers are, if they
Woman: I think I can say with confidence that it has been a can’t see how studying science is going to benefit them and
revelation. It was a bit of a distraction for the students at first their careers in the future, then they don’t see the point of it.
but, once they got used to it, it has made the lessons much Woman: Unfortunately, that’s all too true. We have to stop
more interesting because it’s allowed the students to teaching science subjects out of context, otherwise students
interact with the learning process. will continue to believe that there is no value in studying them.
Man: In what way? Man: It’s sad because I believe that there are ways in which
Woman: Quite simply, it promotes student engagement in we can reverse this lack of interest.
class, which I think is crucial for learning. It allows higher Woman: I agree. In fact there has been a lot of progress
levels of student participation with a hands-on approach made with regards to the way sciences are taught in recent
that involves the entire class, so none of the students feel years. There’s been an increase in collaborative learning and
isolated. My lessons require more preparation now, but if student participation, for instance, but in my opinion it
you want to get the most out of your students, I think it’s doesn’t go far enough. What I’d like to see is more science
worth the extra effort. professionals being invited into classrooms to help put the
subjects in context. If students are introduced to
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Audioscripts
professionals who utilise science in their work, it can give in the science community, they will see what type of jobs
them an insight into how necessary it is. This would also they could be aiming for.
help them to understand specific professions as well as Man: I was thinking that we could run a contest for students
showing science professionals as role models. to invent something. The possibility of winning prizes will be
good motivation and help make them see science as a fun
2e – Exercise 6 (p. 31) subject. Plus, if we assign them the task in teams, it would
I would like to compare pictures A and B. put students in charge of their own designs and
Both pictures are similar as they show students learning in experiments, and it would increase collaborative learning.
the classroom. In the first picture, a student is using a tablet Woman: All very good suggestions. I think each of them
at his desk during a lesson, whereas in the second picture a would increase the students’ appetite for learning science.
student is answering a question on an interactive
whiteboard in front of the class. In my opinion, the most Progress Check 2 – Exercise 3 (p. 40)
striking similarity between the two pictures is that both Extract One
classes are using advanced technology for educational Woman: All these different gadgets confuse me. Laptops,
purposes. In the first picture, the student is using the tablet tablets, smartphones, phablets, it’s mind-boggling. I mean,
to do research whereas in the second picture the teacher is do we seriously need so many gadgets? And even if we do
using the interactive whiteboard to make the lesson more buy the latest technology, with the speed of development
interesting and stimulating. I suppose there are many these days, the ‘new’ tech is practically out-of-date when it
benefits to using tablets in school. comes on the market.
I think that students prefer to use tablets instead of Man: I hear you. It’s the same thing with social media. Just
traditional books as they can research information more when you get used to one app, there’s a new one that is
quickly and they are not required to carry heavy textbooks apparently a must-have. And perish the thought that you
around all day. Tablets can also be used to learn and study don’t use the right one. But these things are really for the
anywhere and not just in the classroom. I believe the most younger generation, those who haven’t known a world
significant benefit is that a tablet can boost students’ before touch technology. Not for you and me, we’re lucky
interest levels and facilitate their learning. In a similar sense, just to be computer literate. I think it’s great that children as
interactive whiteboards are beneficial as they promote young as three are tech-savvy.
student engagement which is crucial for learning. Teachers Woman: I actually feel sorry for them. It’s not like when we
can use digital resources while maintaining interaction with were growing up when you socialised face-to-face. They’re
the entire class without isolating students. This encourages missing out on so much of their childhood.
a higher level of student participation as students interact on Man: You’ve got a point, but they’re gaining skills in other
the whiteboard with a hands-on approach. I’m convinced areas that could help determine their future.
that both tablets and interactive whiteboards make learning
more fun and enhance academic performance. Extract two
Woman: We’ve had a lot fewer applications from overseas
2f – Exercises 10b & 11 (p. 35) students this year compared to last. We really need some
Man: So, what do you think of Mr Albertson’s plan? new ways of raising the college’s profile.
Woman: I think it’s a great idea and I’ve got lots of Man: OK. Well, let’s think about how we can do that. I
suggestions for things we could organise. suppose we could update the college website. It’s quite
Man: Like what? basic at the moment and could use a facelift. Maybe adding
Woman: Like taking the students to exhibitions where they more detailed information, more up-to-date photos and
have the opportunity to examine installations and artefacts up improving the web design would make it more attractive,
close, which will hopefully motivate their interest in the subject. which would have an immediate impact. We could also
Man: They would also get the chance to interact with the include interviews with present and past students, giving
installations. I find that students respond well when they their positive experiences of the college.
learn in a hands-on environment. Woman: You’re right. The website does need some work,
Woman: That’s true. We could also invite people who work but I think we need to go further than that. We should
in the field of science to come and give talks. They can increase our presence on social networks and use hashtags
explain how they utilise science in their everyday jobs, and trending to raise awareness of college activities. We
which will give the students an insight into how necessary it could also create a video channel to host videos about the
is and hopefully inspire them to think about a career in college. This could also lead to viral marketing campaigns,
science. These speakers may even become role models. If which we could use to promote the college in a dynamic
we give the students role models from specific professions way in conjunction with other social media.
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Audioscripts
Module 3 – Expanding your horizons until the opportunity to swap jobs for a year with a colleague
in the marketing department of our London office
Modular page – Exercise 2 (p. 41) arose.That’s when I realised that I still felt excited by the
Speaker 1 prospect of experiencing living in a different culture!
If I’d chosen to do this job for the money, I would have Interviewer: So, has the experience been everything you’d
changed my career long ago! So what keeps me going hoped for?
then? Well, I can’t deny that I enjoy working outside a lot - Jessica: Oh yes, and more! Of course, at first I had to sort
I’d go crazy sitting behind a desk for 8 hours every day! But out a few issues relating to working in a new country like
the thing that gives me the most satisfaction is being given a getting paperwork, such as tax documents, an insurance
client’s garden at the beginning of a job as a blank canvas number and a bank account, but the company helped me
and being able to design it any way I like – with the input of with those. I also had to adjust to a different working
the client of course. I really do see it like a piece of art. I try environment and working practices, for example, how
to make each design unique and I get such a huge buzz at reports were laid out and how the hierarchy worked in my
the end when I see that it came together exactly as I new office. But it was nothing I couldn’t handle and I was
imagined. given a lot of guidance. Everyone in the office was so helpful
Speaker 2 and gave me plenty of time to adjust. In fact, I was stunned
One of the reasons I left my old job was the awful by how accommodating they all were. I wasn’t expecting
atmosphere in the office. No one seemed particularly that my colleagues would just accept me so easily.I guess
motivated to do a good job, the managers were hopeless I’m lucky that I joined a great team.
and frankly it seemed like it was a race to get out of the door Interviewer: So, what new skills do you feel you’ll be
at 5pm every evening! Now I’m 2 months into my new returning home with?
position as a project manager and things couldn’t be more Jessica: Well … before this year, I’ve never managed an
different. Everyone’s so friendly and helpful and there’s event, but one of the first tasks I was given was to co-
generally such a vibrant, motivated atmosphere that you ordinate a big promotional event to coincide with the
can’t help but want to do your best. I’ve already achieved company’s launch of a brand new health product. I had to
some encouraging sales figures and I feel like I’m fitting into interact with people from many different departments, which
the team really well. really helped me to understand how much my work was
Speaker 3 likely to impact the success or failure of the new product. I
For many years I had a very stressful job. I was the manager was really snowed under, stuck in the office evenings and
of a busy team of five and often had to work evenings and weekends over a couple of months, working a lot of
weekends to meet strict production deadlines. One day I overtime, but it was incredibly fulfilling to see all our hard
just decided I’d had enough and re-trained to become a work pay off when the event was declared a success.
web designer ... and my own boss! There are moments of Interviewer: Did you find it hard to make friends when you
stress, but it’s nothing like what I experienced in the past. first arrived?
For the most part I work 9 to 5 and I’m only responsible for Jessica: Actually, no. I was very lucky because the girl who
my own work, which I really enjoy. Climbing the career took over my job and I also did a ‘home swap’ for the year.
ladder used to be really important to me, but if truth be She lived with three other young professionals in a big
known, I’m so much happier now. shared house and I soon made friends with them all, so I
never had the chance to feel lonely. And I think that was a
3d – Exercise 3 (p. 48) great help to me. Even if I hadn’t done the home swap, it
Interviewer: My guest today is Jessica Fraser, a young would have been a good idea for me to have found a place
professional who is currently taking part in a job exchange. to share. I don’t think I would’ve settled in as well had I been
Jessica, it was very brave of you to come all this way to living on my own. And it was great not only from a social
another country and take on someone else’s job. What was point of view – there have been plenty of dinner parties and
your reason for doing it? Were you unhappy with your job at weekend outings in the area so plenty of chances to wind
home? down– but it has also given me a fantastic insight into the
Jessica: Not at all. I’m a marketing executive and I love it. I British culture. I especially like that my housemates are all in
work closely with the sales and advertising departments to very different fields of work, so when I go home I can totally
analyse the market and devise and present ideas to switch off from what is going on at the office.
promote our products. It’s very interesting, but I’ve always Interviewer: So, if you had to choose one thing that you feel
been attracted by the idea of living abroad ever since I left most satisfied with from the year so far, what would it be?
university. I just never got the chance until now. I’d actually Jessica: Ooh, that’s a difficult one! Let me think … I was
put the idea of living overseas completely out of my mind looking forward to experiencing a sense of total
independence that I’ve never had before, and this has been
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great, but what I’ve really appreciated is finding out that I A: Hmm … good point. It’s also good to learn how to
can lead people, and organise something well … even get apply yourself to any task, even if it’s dull, because
on with and work alongside people I’ve never met before … we’ll all have to do that during our working lives.
and doing it all in a foreign language, too! It was a real B: That’s true. Students would also learn a lot of basic
psychological boost for me. work skills in such a place – such as arriving on time,
Interviewer: Finally, what advice would you give to other keeping up a fast pace and following instructions from
young people considering doing a similar exchange, a supervisor.
Jessica? A: Yes, you’re right. How about working in an office? I
Jessica: Well, first of all, go for it! You might never get the would imagine that students could pick up some useful
chance again. And, like I said earlier, try to find skills there too, such as IT skills.
accommodation in a shared house. You could also try B: Yes, and of course IT skills are essential today. You’d
joining some clubs when you arrive. I think loneliness would also have to maintain a smart appearance in an office,
have had a negative impact on my experience. But most of and develop a polite phone manner, both of which are
all, appreciate every moment while you’re there, put your important for appearing professional in such a job.
heart and soul into it and learn everything you can. You A: … and many of the students will end up having jobs in
don’t have to be the best at something, you just have to try offices in the future. It will be helpful for them to
hard. I’ve loved the experience so much that I’ve just experience a range of different roles.
accepted an invitation to give a talk at the school where my B: OK, so what about a bakery kitchen? I would imagine
sister teaches back home, about believing in yourself and that they are very busy places! The students would
living your dreams. It’s such a shame that so many people definitely learn how to work under pressure there!
don’t seize the day when new adventures come their way, What’s your feeling?
simply because they’re afraid of taking the risk and failing! A: I’m inclined to agree, but I think that the most important
Interviewer: Well, thank you so much for coming on the skill they’d learn there would be how to work in a team.
show and being such an encouragement to our young B: Yes, I know what you’re saying. Students would also
listeners. learn how to work to high standards and show
Jessica: Thanks for having me. attention to detail, even in tough situations. That’s
important in a lot of other jobs.
3e – Exercise 3b (p. 49) A: Hmm … the only downside to working in such a place
A: OK, well personally I think that working in a clothes is that not many people will choose to do this kind of
shop could give you many skills needed in just about job in the future. They are more likely to work in an
any job – such as dealing with customers and office or a shop.
developing your social skills. B: Well, perhaps. The zoo would be similar. It would be
B: Yes, I’d agree with that. It may seem like a low-skilled fascinating and enjoyable, as you’d learn about the
job that anyone can do, but as you have to deal with animals and their upkeep, but I don’t think it’s a job
customers, it’s great for learning social skills. Students that many of the students will end up doing.
would also see how a fast-paced business operates A: True, but on second thoughts I don’t think that matters.
and of course, they’d have to handle money and be It would be physically demanding, so the students
responsible, reliable and trustworthy on many levels. would develop stamina, and also it would give them a
A: Again, all skills essential for just about any job, reality check. It would help students interested in such
especially those dealing with the public. How about a job to find out if they are really keen on working with
working on a factory production line? Now that’s animals.
something totally different … B: OK, so which experience do we think would have the
B: Well yes, that might not be so useful for the students to most benefit for students?
do, but on the other hand, I think it could be very A: Hmmm … well, it’s pretty hard to say because they all
valuable. have a lot of value. Getting a taste of working anywhere
A: From what point of view? would give you some important basic skills such as
B: Well, I think it could be great to experience first-hand being able to take orders, getting there on time and
what it’s like to be a low-skilled manual worker, working hard. Don’t you agree?
especially if you have ambitions of becoming a boss. B: Yes, I do, but if I had to choose just one I think I would
It’s essential to be able to put yourself in the shoes of go for either the clothes shop, the zoo or the office.
those beneath you – I think it could make you a much A: OK, well I think the clothes shop could be a good
better superior. option. I feel it would expose students to a really good
range of important work skills, as we said before.
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Although, I do like the idea of the zoo too as it’s very Katerina: Well, I’m interested in pursuing a career as a food
important to be responsible and trustworthy, since the technologist so it was absolutely relevant to my chosen
animals’ lives depend on it. This is important in any job. field, and I think gaining relevant experience is key to
B: Yes, but remember what we said about that not being achieving success when it comes to entering the workforce.
so representative of the kind of job most of the Employers definitely look for work experience from
students will be doing in the future. graduates nowadays. Just completing your degree and
A: Hmm, yes, you’ve got a point there. I guess I’m receiving good marks is not enough. They want to see proof
thinking that a really positive, enjoyable experience that you know how to apply the knowledge and theory from
would have great benefit for students and they would your degree in the real world.
end up learning more. Interviewer: So what advice would you give to your fellow
B: I can see what you mean, but I still think the clothes students who are maybe thinking about getting some work
shop is a better option. I think that the students would experience?
learn more work skills that would be of long-lasting Katerina: I guess the most important thing is to do your
benefit there. research. You have to know what experience is going to be
A: Yes, I suppose you’re right. OK then, let’s go for the the most valuable to you in terms of your future prospects.
clothes shop. It’s all well and good finding work that’s fun and that you
enjoy, but if it’s not going to help you in your career, then it’s
Progress Check 3 – Exercise 2 (p. 58) probably best avoided. It’s also a good idea to check out
Interviewer: Hello, listeners and welcome back. Continuing companies you are interested in and offer your services
our employment theme this week we have Katerina Philips voluntarily. A willingness to do voluntary work will help a lot.
on the show. Katerina is in her third year here studying a You have to decide what is of most importance, the money
degree in Food Science. She recently finished a summer job or the experience. Also, if you are lucky enough to get a job
at a local farm and she’s here to tell us all about it. Welcome working for a company which you’re interested in for future
to the show, Katerina. employment, then the position may actually lead to a job
Katerina: Thanks, and please, call me Katy. offer. It’s a good way to get your foot in the door.
Interviewer: Alright, Katy, why don’t you tell us a bit about Interviewer: That’s good advice. Well, the best of luck to you
the position you held this summer. What led you to work at with your future plans and thanks for coming in to talk to us,
the farm? Katy. I think you’ll have given our listeners a lot to think about.
Katerina: Well, I did an assignment at the farm last year as a
compulsory part of my course. They had decided to Module 4 – Health matters
diversify their product range and created an assortment of 4b – Exercise 5c (p. 63)
ice creams, so I was studying the development of the Speaker 1
product. While I was there, I was fortunate enough to hear I kept my son home from school because he had a fever and
that they were recruiting for seasonal employees so I I figured he had the flu. Then I noticed his throat was a bit
jumped at the chance to gain some hands-on work swollen; enlarged glands are a warning sign, so I took him to
experience. I mean, studying is all very well, but I think the the doctor right away. Turns out he had a serious ear
best way to really learn a subject is to actually live it. And of infection. After a few days on antibiotics, he’d almost
course there are other advantages such as earning some completely recovered. What a relief!
money, learning responsibility, making contacts and it also
Speaker 2
motivated me to work harder at my studies.
Now that I’m old I have pain in my joints that never seems to
Interviewer: So, what position did you hold while you were
go away. The worst is my hands, because I need to use
there?
them for everything. My knuckles throb and it’s hard to bend
Katerina: I was hired as the assistant to the chief ice cream
them. But the doctor says I have to keep moving and using
maker, Sarah, which was a pretty big deal. My main
them despite the pain or it will get worse. There’s not much I
responsibility was ensuring that the ingredients were quality
can do other than take an aspirin when it gets unbearable.
controlled, but I actually did a wide variety of tasks and
Speaker 3
worked alongside a lot of people in different roles. And I
It happens to me several times a year and I dread it. First, I
think that was important. I don’t believe you can truly
become sensitive to bright lights and strong smells, and
appreciate a position until you understand how it relates to
then after a while the pain starts. If you’ve never
the whole. In other words, I had to learn how the other areas
experienced it, there’s no way I can describe it. I can’t even
of the business impacted on my role and vice versa.
move my eyes, and I feel like my head is being crushed.
Interviewer: So, do you think the job has helped you with
Luckily, I have medicine that helps a lot, as long as I take it
your studies?
early on before the pain gets too severe.
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4d – Exercise 2c (p. 66) Exercise 4 (p. 66)

Good morning everyone and thank you for coming. My Extract one
name is Charlotte Green and I’m a general practitioner at the Woman: Did you see that documentary last night about the
Victoria Clinic in the city centre. state of the nation’s mental health?
Now, as most of you are aware, obesity is a growing Man: No, I missed it. Was it good?
problem in this country, mainly because of people’s poor Woman: It was very interesting, if a little disturbing. I had no
diets and lack of exercise, but also because of our hectic idea that it was such a big problem. So many people suffer
lifestyles. It’s a common complaint in our modern world that in silence because there is such a stigma attached to it. One
people simply don’t have the time anymore to prepare person they interviewed, who had been struggling with
nutritious meals. This means that, even with all the depression for years, said it made them unemployable. In
knowledge we have about healthy eating, their ability to stay other words, they were a virtual pariah on the job scene. I
healthy is being badly affected. mean, we shouldn’t be penalising people who are trying to
But I’m not here to talk about that. I’d like to focus, instead, recover from life’s setbacks and hardships, we should be
on the other side of the coin. I’ve come across a number of helping them.
patients that are going to great lengths to ‘get in shape’ Man: You’re absolutely right. But I think things are starting
believing that what they are doing is beneficial to them, to get better. I know that many people are still wary of
when actually this dangerous desire to attain the perfect mental illness but that comes from ignorance of the issue.
body is putting their health at risk. Now that we’re hearing more about it, I think society is
This desire is driven in part by magazines, with ‘beautiful slowly becoming more understanding towards sufferers.
people’ on every page, but also by societal pressures to And that’s the key. Educating people removes the fear of
curb the obesity epidemic. Now, while it is imperative that the unknown. Once you understand the problem you can
we tackle the obesity issue, some have been taking it to start to address it and come up with solutions that make a
extremes. difference. It’s a lot better than burying your head in the
A growing number of people are using crash diets, which sand and hoping the problem will just go away.
are just a fancy form of starvation which can lead to
malnutrition. This combined with an overly high level of Extract two
exercise to lose weight as quickly as possible can result in a Man: Morning Sophie. Are you alright? You don’t look so
number of different health complications. good.
Another problematic area is one where people are abusing Woman: I’m just tired. I was up late last night studying.
their bodies in an attempt to increase their muscle mass and Man: You should be careful about that. Lack of sleep can
bulk up. Something that is fast becoming a widespread cause a whole host of problems, and I’m not just talking
problem is the use, or more correctly, the misuse of about feeling tired. Even minor sleep disturbances can lead
steroids. Steroid abuse can cause lasting damage to the to serious problems. It can affect your level of
body and there is a wealth of documentation available that concentration, your metabolism, your mood and it can
lists the harmful side effects of the drug. weaken your immune system making you susceptible to
What you have to remember is that the ideals that we see in infections. Your body’s internal clock gets severely messed
magazines and on screens are often physically unattainable up if you don’t stick to a sleeping schedule and get enough
for the majority of us no matter what diet or exercise regime quality shut-eye. I know I’m a mess if I don’t go to bed and
we follow. People are naturally predisposed to a certain get up at the same time every day. I actually get quite severe
figure because of genetics. However, watching your diet migraines if my schedule is disturbed.
and exercising are necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle, Woman: I usually do keep to a sleeping schedule, even at
which is what people should be focusing on, instead of weekends. I just had one late night. It’s not like I have
desiring to be a perfect weight. chronic sleep deprivation. I know that can have profound
It is, therefore, very important to think about what you are consequences on health and lead to all sorts of medical
putting into your body. Processed food is convenient but problems from heart conditions and obesity to high blood
rarely healthy and it’s always wise to follow NHS guidelines pressure and diabetes. Your body needs sleep because
for diet and exercise because a lot of research has gone into that’s the time when it repairs itself.
determining what they should be. It’s best to aim for being
fit and healthy instead of looking good because, in all 4e – Exercise 6 (p. 67)
probability, the latter will undoubtedly come from the Woman: In today’s world it seems to me that people are
former. always striving to attain the perfect body and even going to
Now, just to outline what those guidelines are … extremes trying to achieve this. In my opinion, making an
effort to get into shape is beneficial because it’s healthy but
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even the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle has its dangers if it’s point, well besides eating it that is. And I didn’t really have
over done. On top of this, a large number of people seem to any knowledge as to what kind of food I should be eating. I
believe that our appearance defines who we are. So, being was more interested in fast food and didn’t know anything
good looking becomes a requirement to be socially about dietary advice.
accepted. Personally, I believe that this puts a lot of However, children need to know about these things in order
pressure on people to be perfect and leads them to extreme to be healthy. Schools should take it upon themselves to
behaviours such as plastic surgery, major weight loss and introduce cooking lessons in after school clubs and run
obsessive body building all to become more attractive. All of classes on healthy eating. Maybe they could also plan
these things have associated health risks. Also, ads usually excursions to farms and farmers markets to show the
use exceptionally beautiful people. The way I see it, this children the source of their meals. It’s quite disturbing that
promotes a specific kind of role model, pressuring people to there are actually young people out there that don’t know
fit in on looks alone. Another question is whether good where their food comes from. I’ve heard of children who
looking people have more opportunities for advancement in don’t realise that milk comes from cows or that their favourite
the workplace. This could very well be another source of snack of crisps starts out as a humble potato.
pressure if external appearance is associated with success I think it’s also important to be exposed to cooking in the
in the workplace. There may be some truth to that as home. Now I’m not saying that children should be made to
employees end up being judged on their overall grooming cook a feast every night for the family meal or do the weekly
and external appearance, especially in some professions. food shopping, but parents have to give their children
However, I believe that appearance isn’t the most important encouragement to develop a love of cooking. There are a
criteria for being successful at work. There are plenty of number of ways to do this. Urging children to help out during
people who lack outer beauty and have successful careers. meal times is a good start and introducing them to the joys of
Overall, I strongly believe that people shouldn’t spend baking is another. They should learn how to cook both sweet
inordinate amounts of energy trying to change their and savoury foods. But whatever parents do, they have to
appearance in order to meet society’s impossible make it fun. Kids won’t enjoy cooking if they feel it’s a chore.
standards. People need to strike a balance in their lives and And that’s the key. You have to make food and cooking fun
make sure they lead a healthy lifestyle and avoid going to for children. To that end, it would be a good idea for the
extremes. local council to run community programmes and events
such as food festivals and cooking demonstrations to make
Progress Check 4 – Exercise 3 (p. 76) healthy food and cooking more fun and accessible to young
After I finished school I was at a bit of a loose end. I didn’t people. In other words, they should do pretty much anything
really know what to do with myself. I had a part-time job at a to get kids thinking about healthy food and into the kitchen.
local restaurant which is part of a famous chain but it wasn’t Now, I’m not saying they’re all going to become chefs like
exactly a demanding position. It was just something to fill in me but it will set them up to be able to take care of
the time until I worked out what my real passion was, and of themselves once they leave home.
course, it put some money in my pocket.
While I was there though, the owner of the restaurant, Derek Module 5 – Cause for Concern
Stevens, approached me about trying out for a position as a
trainee chef. I guess he saw some potential in me that I
5b – Exercise 5a (p. 80)
didn’t see in myself. Turns out he was right on the money. Speaker 1
This is absolutely what I was meant to do but I didn’t know it It was devastating reading what they wrote about me. Of
before because I’d never had the opportunity to discover my course, all the accusations were false, but that didn’t seem
love of cooking. And that’s really what I want to talk about to matter. The damage was done. It’s true that you shouldn’t
today. The importance of encouraging children to get into believe everything you read.
the kitchen and start cooking nutritious food, getting them Speaker 2
away from greasy, calorie-laden snacks. I couldn’t believe I had fallen for the scam. I’m always so
There are a number of ways we can accomplish this. Firstly, careful but the email seemed so genuine and I gave them
through education. When I was at school, you could do my personal information. I didn’t realise anything was wrong
some cooking if you chose to study Home Economics, but until I got a bank statement for a card I didn’t own.
the course was geared towards showing people how to run Speaker 3
a household instead of educating us on food and igniting It was scary and I was left with a few minor injuries. I don’t
our interest in all things culinary. So like a lot of people in my know what these people think gives them the right to take
year, I chose not to do it. And I suppose I have to admit like someone else’s property but it has made me wary of going
many of my friends I wasn’t that interested in food at that out on my own at night.
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5d – Exercise 2c (p. 84) M: I know some people don’t feel right giving their spare
I: Good morning, and welcome to ‘World Matters’. Today change to someone on the streets because they don’t
we’re discussing some serious social issues affecting know if this is the right thing. And, to be honest, there
society. With us in the studio is psychologist and are more meaningful ways you can help. Donating to a
author Martina Williams. Welcome Martina and thank homeless charity is a good start, and it doesn’t have to
you for coming in. be money, some of those charities are desperate for
M: It’s good to be here. volunteers. But it’s not just down to us. The
I: Now, you started out your career working as part of a government must do more to help. Investment in new
team in social services, didn’t you? job training schemes and counselling to help homeless
M: Yes, my first job was as an assistant working on cases people to believe in themselves again would go a long
of disadvantaged children. I then joined a private way.
practice and volunteered at a local drop-in centre at I: Your new book The Road to Recovery has some
the weekends but the call of the underprivileged pulled helpful tips on how to avoid the worst case scenario of
me back. Social services helps people from all walks of debt and ways to lift yourself out of a hole … (fade)
life so I find my work there extremely rewarding. And
we’ve seen an increase in the number of people from Exercise 4 (p. 84)
more stable backgrounds seeking assistance. Speaker 1
I: Why is that do you think? When my children became teenagers, I felt that I lost my
M: Quite simply, because of the current economic climate. connection to them somewhat as they began to have very
The recession has resulted in a number of people being different interests to me. I was positive they would say no,
caught out. They never thought that issues such as but somehow I managed to convince them to forego their
poverty would affect them until the bubble burst and yearly break relaxing on the beach and come with me to
they lost their jobs. And, at a time when more jobs are Cambodia and volunteer for three weeks with a project
being lost than created, a lot of those people haven’t called ‘The Smile Foundation’. I just can’t tell you how much
managed to get back on their feet. Their dilemma has this has influenced the way we relate to each other. The
only been compounded by the fact that the cost of experience just made us all realise how fortunate we are to
living continues to rise. have had the chance to be part of a stable, loving family
I: That’s a very stark description of the situation. environment which so many around the world don’t have.
M: Well, it is stark. I mean, losing your job is bad enough Speaker 2
but the knock-on effects can be disastrous. Think I’ve always loved working with my hands so when a local
about it. You go from being a confident self-sufficient organisation advertised for volunteers to help repair
member of society with an active role to play to a footpaths, create nature trails and clear ponds in a nearby
person without direction having to accept state national park, I didn’t hesitate to sign up. Frankly, at first I
handouts. It can be demoralising. You can lose your joined to get out and do something social. I’m a freelance
enthusiasm for life and there can be serious web designer so I can go days without any social
consequences to that. It can wreck marriages and interaction, but I was very surprised to find that I felt fitter,
family relationships and lead people into a lot of debt. more energetic and altogether stronger after a few months.
In the worst case scenario, people end up defaulting on My family have all commented on how good I look! I’ve also
their mortgage and losing their home. It’s actually quite developed quite a passion for this kind of work: it’s helped
frightening how easy that is. me see how important it is to preserve our diminishing rural
I: What can people do in that situation? areas for future generations.
M: One of the best pieces of advice I can give is to talk to Speaker 3
someone. Confiding in a loved one or a stranger like I had thought about possibly becoming a social worker after
me can be a huge weight off. You’d be surprised the I leave school, so the careers counsellor suggested that I
difference just getting the problem out in the open can find out what was going on at the local community centre
make. It can put it in perspective and make it easier to and see if I could help out. Well, they put me to work
deal with. And it’s important not to be embarrassed. straightaway chatting to elderly people who came in. Some
Everyone needs some kind of help in their lives at one of them were extremely lonely and didn’t get out very much
time or another. Plus, there are places you can go. and perhaps didn’t see anyone from one day to the next. It’s
There are homeless shelters and charities that can help a shame that they had been forgotten in society. I was a bit
you find your way. worried this experience might dissuade me from pursuing a
I: And what can we do to help them? career as a social worker but it had the opposite effect. I’ve
never wanted it more.
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Speaker 4 A: Yes, I know what you’re saying. People would get fit
I was very close to my grandmother. We had a great and save money too while protecting the environment.
relationship, so when I lost her last year it affected me badly. B: OK, so what about creating community gardens? I’ve
I was feeling very sorry for myself when a local charity heard people say that it would be a good idea to turn
devoted to the protection of donkeys, of all things, popped abandoned public spaces into community gardens.
a leaflet through our door. Now, I’ve never been much of an A: I’m inclined to agree. Citizens could tend the gardens
animal lover. In fact, I didn’t even have a pet growing up but and grow fruit and vegetables which they could eat or
something told me it would be perfect for taking my mind off donate to help low-income families and individuals.
things. I’m so happy I was right. It took me out of myself and This would be good for the environment and it would
it’s been extremely therapeutic for me to focus on cultivate community spirit.
something other than my own problems and concentrate on B: Yes, you’re right. How about planting trees? The
the needs of others, even if it is these so-called beasts of community could get together to plant more trees in
burden. public spaces. Trees provide oxygen and cut down on
Speaker 5 carbon dioxide and are home to many species of
For five summers from age 18 to 22, I volunteered on a wildlife.
residential programme for some very special youngsters. A: True, but on second thought, I don’t believe it would
They were all there to experience a variety of activities make such a huge difference. I say this because we
they’d never had the chance to try before and also to give already have a lot of trees in town and I believe starting
their parents or carers a break from looking after them. litter clean-up schemes would be more beneficial.
These incredible youngsters had all sorts of special needs B: From what point of view?
but were so enthusiastic that you couldn’t help enjoying A: Well, the community could get together and pick up
yourself. It was very tough at times but I got through it and it litter around town and clean up local beaches and
set me up for the future. Now I’m a teacher I’ve found that I parks. This way the environment is protected and the
often draw on my experiences from those summers to help town is kept tidy.
me deal with many of the day-to-day challenges that I B: I see what you mean. Keeping our town free from litter
encounter in my job. is important. So which two options would you choose
as being the best way to help the environment?
5e – Exercise 5 (p. 85) A: Hmm…well it’s pretty hard to say because they all have
A: OK, well personally I think that making recycling a lot of value. Protecting the environment is everyone’s
compulsory is a good way to get people to reduce responsibility and there are many ways to help.
household waste. Many households still aren’t B: Yes, I agree, but if I had to choose the two best options I
recycling enough and if they were faced with having to think I would go for building car parks and creating
pay a fine, families would be more careful about what community gardens. There are several reasons why I
they throw away. believe this. The first is that building car parks near
B: You’ve got a point. However, I think people need to be public transport, connections will encourage commuters
educated about what is recyclable and what is not first. to use public transport which will reduce traffic
I say this because some people have not been properly congestion and air pollution in our town. I also believe
informed about recycling and they shouldn’t be that creating community gardens benefits everyone in
penalised for that. the community and also helps protect the environment.
A: True. But we do need to encourage people to recycle A: Hmm…well, I partly agree. Although I do like the option
more. of building car parks near public transport connections,
B: How about building car parks near public transport I feel that starting litter clean up schemes would be
connections? Now that’s something totally different more beneficial to the environment than creating
and it would encourage people to leave their cars there community gardens. Litter in town is a huge problem
and take buses or trains into town instead. that needs to be tackled.
A: That’s true. Investing in these car parks would be a B: You’ve got a point there, but I still think creating
good way to reduce traffic congestion, which is good community gardens is a better option. I think it would
for the environment. be more beneficial to residents because they could
B: Well, perhaps introducing a network of cycle lanes learn to grow their own produce and donate food to
would be similar. This would mean that more people less fortunate people in the community while helping
would leave their cars at home and cycle to work, the environment as well.
which would also cut down on pollution from heavy A: Yes, I suppose you’re right. OK, then let’s go for
traffic and make the air cleaner. building car parks near public transport connections
and creating community gardens.
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Progress Check 5 – Exercise 3 (p. 94) dispose of electrical and household waste, including a
P: It gives me great pleasure to introduce our next composting collection for kitchen waste.
speaker, Lisa Madden, who is an Environmental These measures have worked well and have had the
Education Officer with Ripon City Council. She has added benefit of giving the residents pride in their
been involved in an environmental regeneration project community and what they have achieved. In fact, the
in her area and is here to talk about ways in which work that was done in the park seems to have inspired
communities can lessen their impact on the people to improve the state of their own green spaces
environment for the benefit of all. and resulted in the village being presented with the
L: Good morning, and thank you for that warm welcome. ‘Village in Bloom’ award earlier in the year. (fade)
In the work that I do at the city council I often give talks
in schools or community centres like this one about Module 6 – Material world
how communities can do their bit to help the global
6d – Exercise 2c (p. 102)
environment, but today I would like to focus on the
environment in the community itself. There are a Brian: I’ve come to Leeds city centre to meet Kate Roberts,
number of things that residents can do to rejuvenate a small business owner here in the city. The retail industry
the area they live in and make it more environmentally here has taken a bit of a battering of late with the recession
friendly. and the rise in online shopping but now it’s showing signs of
Let me give you an example of how this can be done. a recovery thanks to the efforts of the local council and the
My hometown is a great place to live. It has a beautiful shop owners. Kate, what type of small business do you run
park, great local amenities and a village hall that is the here?
heart of the community. But it has seen a period of Kate: Brian, I just want to say, thank you for having me on
decline recently and it hasn’t moved with the times, the show. I have a small boutique selling clothes from local
which has resulted in some issues that meant it wasn’t designers. I think it’s important to invest in what this area
as environmentally friendly as it could have been. has to offer and there’s a lot of talent out there. Things are
I spoke to a number of my neighbours and they were of difficult for aspiring designers and retailers alike because of
the same mind so we decided to do something about the boom in online shopping. That’s why we’ve got to invest
it. We got together to form a committee to identify and in the high street to protect people’s livelihoods. I mean, I’m
address the problem areas. The park required some not against online shopping but little shops like mine don’t
work. It had become overgrown and a bit of a litter have the revenue to cover the costs of setting up and
dump. Traffic was also a big problem. The number of maintaining a website. Plus, I think there are so many
cars on the roads has increased dramatically in recent advantages to retail shopping that we should hold on to.
years, which has resulted in much higher levels of air Brian: What do you mean by that?
and noise pollution. Another issue was the lack of Kate: Well, for me, shopping is all about the experience. It’s
recycling services. Residents were having to rely on the the act itself that is so important and there is no substitute. It
local tip for the disposal of large items which were too can be a fun day out spending time with friends. Even if you
big for the normal household waste collection. don’t buy anything, you can have a good time window
Once we’d identified the areas that needed attention shopping. And an obvious advantage to retail shopping is
we got to work. We started with the park. It has always that you can try on clothes or try out items before you buy
been a popular place in the village and, in the old days, them. With clothes, no matter how wide the range, it’s often
you would often see families having a picnic or children impossible to tell if something you see online will suit you
playing football there. But, over the years, it had when it’s delivered. And then you have to go through the
become simply a shortcut for people going to the tedious process of returning the items.
supermarket on the other side. We wanted to restore it Brian: But retail shopping still has its limitations. I mean,
to its former glory, so we cleaned up the buildings, one of the things that often puts people off are the crowds,
picked up the rubbish and planted new flowers and especially at the weekend when the shops get really busy.
shrubs. Once we were done with the park we moved And you don’t always find what you’re looking for even if
our attention to the issue of traffic. To tackle this, we you visit several shops which can take up most of the day. It
petitioned the council to introduce traffic calming can make the effort seem wasted.
measures and improve the public transport service to Kate: True, and there’s also a reduced access to inventory.
the area. We wanted to incorporate measures that By that I mean that shops often run out of certain items or
would encourage people to leave their cars at home. sizes. Stock isn’t limitless and high street shops can’t carry
We also arranged to have a new recycling point set up as extensive an inventory as an online warehouse, but you
in the carpark of the village hall, where people could do get something that’s not available online – customer
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service. Speaking to somebody who can help you find what takes, you can opt for next day delivery for a small fee. It just
you’re looking for, even if you’re not quite sure what that is, depends on how desperate you are to get the item.
can be invaluable. Brian: But, when it comes to payment, some are worried
Brian: Well, it can and it can’t. I’ve been on the receiving about the security risk of using their cards online. Is this fear
end of some very aggressive sales people which did not warranted?
enhance my shopping experience. Rob: Maybe in the past but there have been a lot of
Kate: Mmm, that’s unfortunate but I think they’re the advances in online security and anti-virus software. Plus,
exceptions that prove the rule. More often than not, a good the general public have become more aware of how to stay
customer sales person can make all the difference. safe online and what precautions they should take to keep
Brian: Thank you for speaking to us Kate, and good luck their information protected. You still have to be careful, but
with the shop. as long as you’re vigilant you should have no problems.
Brian: Well, that’s all we’ve got time for. Thank you for
Exercise 3c (p. 102) coming in …
Brian: We’re back in the studio now and with me is Rob
Jones. Rob is a web designer who has worked with a 6e – Exercise 4a (p. 103)
number of companies to set up their online shopping sites. It seems to me that more and more people are shopping
Rob, welcome to the show. Why do you think online online these days. In my opinion, consumers should be
shopping has become so popular? encouraged to shop online. Firstly, shopping online offers
Rob: Well, I think that’s quite simple – convenience. You people an unlimited selection of products. You literally have
can shop anytime day or night from the comfort of your own all the styles and colours you want at your fingertips. If one
home. Not to mention the range of sites you can visit. You website doesn’t offer something you like, you can just click
can shop for everything from your weekly groceries to over to the next one, until you find what you are looking for.
clothes or electrical appliances all in one ‘trip’ and have Even though you can’t actually see or try the products you
everything delivered to your door. Doing the same thing select online, there is always the option to return and
physically would take days whereas, online, it can be done exchange them. Personally, I believe that is a minor
in a matter of hours. It’s simple! inconvenience when you consider how much money you
Brian: That is a major attraction of online shops but some can save by shopping online. This is possible because you
would say you go shopping for the experience. That’s not can easily compare prices from lots of different retailers to
something you can get in front of a computer. get the best deal. Prices can be cheaper as many retailers
Rob: No, it’s very different, but I think there are two types of pass the reduced overheads of selling online directly onto
produce that we shop for – the things we need and the shoppers. So, despite having shipping charges you’re still
things we want. It’s not much fun dragging yourself round getting a better deal, and some retailers may even offer free
supermarkets or hardware stores but they sell the things shipping on large orders. Another advantage of shopping
that are necessary for everyday life such as food and online is the convenience. You can shop from the comfort of
cleaning products that we can’t live without. I think online your own home and you don’t have to drive anywhere to
shopping is perfect for those kind of things. On the other buy anything. Shops are open twenty-four hours a day,
hand, when you want to get a new outfit or a new gadget, it seven days a week. This also saves people precious time. It
is often better to physically be there to try things on or test only takes a few minutes to log on and access a website of
them out. Although, having said that, I don’t enjoy shopping your choice and purchase something online as opposed to
so I get everything online. trudging through the high street hunting for things you want.
Brian: But when you order things to be delivered you have With the busy lives that most of us lead these days, anything
to contend with shipping charges that you don’t find out that saves time is a plus. However, some people may argue
about until the end of your transaction. This on top of the that online shopping should be discouraged because it can
cost of the item has to be factored into the overall cost, and lead to shopping addiction and security risks. I believe that
they can take a while to get to you. there are always security risks when using a credit card
Rob: Yes, but a lot of sites offer free shipping on large regardless of where you use it, online or in a store.
orders. So, if you’re worried about the cost being too much, Customers need to be careful when buying anything on
it’s a good idea to wait until you need more items and credit because they can be tempted to make unnecessary
purchase them together to take advantage of the offer. The purchases and get into debt. Such people would also argue
price of online goods is usually less than on the high street. that not being able to actually see or try products in person
Because online shops don’t have the overheads and high before a purchase is a problem not worth the hassle of
running costs that high streets shops have, they can often making returns. Furthermore they would raise the point of
charge lower prices, so. And as for the length of time it shipping charges adding unnecessary extra costs. Overall, I
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strongly believe that consumers should be encouraged to with one, you should be able to avoid owing large sums of
shop online despite certain drawbacks. After all, I do most money.
of my shopping online as it is more convenient for me and Casey: OK, so what are the pros and cons?
will continue to do so in the future. Lyle: Well, one of the biggest pros with cash is that it’s
widely accepted. I can’t think of an establishment where you
6f – Exercise 10d (p. 107) pay physically that doesn’t accept cash but it is difficult to
Man: So, what do you think of online shopping? use it to pay online. Online payments are almost exclusively
Woman: I think it’s great! I prefer to do all my shopping done by card and have been an area that has given the
online. uptake of cards a tremendous boost. Also, there aren’t any
Man: Really? Why? hidden costs with cash. There are not fees or interest
Woman: Well, in the first place the prices are cheaper payments like there are with cards so you just have to pay
because online shops don’t have high operating costs like the cost of the item you’re purchasing. And as I mentioned
local shops. Plus it’s more convenient for me because I can before, it’s harder to fall into debt with cash. It seems to be
shop from home and it saves me time. Not to mention the easier to avoid overspending if you actually see the money
range of sites that I have at my disposal with an unlimited being spent and you can only spend what you have. If you
selection of products. I can shop for anything from clothes never borrow, you don’t get into debt with creditors.
to gadgets and have them delivered straight to my door. Casey: That sounds like a pretty compelling argument to
Man: Yes, but by getting those products delivered you cut up those cards.
might end up paying more for shipping than the products Lyle: Well, yes and no. There are still drawbacks to only
are worth. using cash. Unless you’re exceptional at working out how
Woman: Well not really because the products online are still much you need for every purchase, you can sometimes be
cheaper despite the extra charges so the savings are caught short not having enough. And, a lot of people don’t
worthwhile in the end. like carrying a lot of cash with them for fear that they might
Man: I can’t imagine buying clothes without seeing or trying lose it or have it stolen. This is one of the main problems
them on first. The sizes might be wrong and the clothes with cash. If it’s stolen, it’s gone! And if the money was to be
might need alterations. What happens if they don’t fit? used to make a big purchase, that’s a considerable loss.
Woman: Well, there is always the option to return and Whereas, with a card, you just have to cancel it and order
exchange them. another one and any fraudulent spending is usually covered
Man: Yes but shipping costs are often charged on returns. by the credit card company.
Woman: Not always. Casey: I see what you mean.
Man: I’m also worried about the security risks of using my Lyle: Actually, that’s one area where a card can shine. You
card online. You don’t always know if the site is legitimate don’t have to worry about carrying large amounts of cash
and safe to shop. when you pay for big purchases with your card. Also, not
Woman: Well, there have been a lot of advances in online everyone’s able to put by enough to cover expensive items
security so most sites are relatively safe. As long as you so credit cards allow you to spread the cost over regular
safeguard your personal information you should have no payments making it more manageable, however, there
problems. could be large penalties for failing to clear the debt when it
comes due. So that innocent purchase can end up costing
Progress Check 6 – Exercise 4 (p. 112) you a lot more than you expected.
Casey: Well, you’ve definitely given me something to think
Casey: Good morning listeners. I’m Casey Adams and
about ...
we’re continuing our series on money issues. Today, that
age old question of cash or card. With me in the studio to
discuss the merits of both methods of payment is Lyle Tate. Module 7 – Back to Nature
Lyle is a financial advisor. Welcome to the show, Lyle. 7b – Exercise 7 (p. 117)
Lyle: Thanks for having me.
I remember the storm my family and I got caught in while we
Casey: So, Lyle. Which is it? Paper or plastic?
were visiting my grandparents. The area had been
Lyle: It’s not as simple as that. If it were, then I would most
experiencing the heaviest snowfall for years. Blizzards
likely be out of a job. Each method has its merits as well as
coupled with high winds had created 10ft snow drifts. We
its drawbacks and you have to take into account what kind
were trapped in the house for 3 days. We saw on the news
of a spender you are. Different people are suited two one or
that schools and businesses were closed and there were no
the other method. A lot of people would swear by cash as
cars on the roads. The place was at a standstill. Luckily, the
they believe that cards only lead to debt but, in my
storm passed as quickly as it started and we were soon able
experience, as long as you know how to handle yourself
to go home.
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7d – Exercise 2c (p. 120) sudden, I felt calm. My pulse was still racing of course but it
Hi, my name’s Klaus Fischer. I’m from Munich in Germany was almost like I didn’t notice it. Everything else melted
and I’m a surfer. I’ve been surfing in my home city for about away, the sounds of the traffic on the bridge, the cheers
20 years. Now, I know what some of you must be thinking. from the people watching. All I heard was the roaring water
Surfing? In Munich? How is that possible? Germany’s well beneath me. I know that my turn only lasted for two minutes
known for its football and you’ll see lots of youngsters but it felt like hours. It was amazing! When I’m on my board
kicking a ball about in football strips trying to emulate their it’s the freest I’ve ever felt. No matter what’s going on in the
heroes but it’s not somewhere you’d expect to see people rest of my life, I can let it all go in those few minutes and it’s
walking around in wetsuits with surfboards. But we do just me and the wave.
surfing a little differently. We surf rivers!
The city’s home to the world’s most famous river surfing Exercise 4b (p. 120)
spot on the Eisbach River. And there’s a reason it’s so Speaker 1
famous. I’ve surfed on a few rivers that were exciting and Visiting the Grand Canyon had always been at the top of my
challenging but the Eisbach has another edge to it. It’s bucket list of things I wanted to do before I reached my 30th
dangerous! The Eisbach is a 2 km long man-made river that birthday, but nothing could have prepared me for the
flows through the English Garden, a large public park moment I first caught sight of it. I’ve seen it in photographs
stretching from the city centre up into the northern suburbs. so many times, but being there in person was something
A mistake in the landscape of the riverbed when it was else altogether. I went with a tour group. I’d never met any
created has resulted in a standing wave that appears just of the other members of the group before the trip but we
down river of the Eisbach Bridge. The wave is a year round shared such an amazing experience that we’ve become
phenomena which means you can surf 24 hours a day 365 very good friends. We’re constantly in contact with one
days a year even in the cold of winter, so the river has another and we’re even planning another trip together next
become something of a surfing hotspot! year. We’re thinking of going on a camel ride through the
It’s become a major tourist attraction as well. Thanks to its desert.
close proximity to the bridge you get a number of spectators Speaker 2
watching from its vantage point or from the banks on either My brother just started a new company offering once-in-a-
side of the wave. It’s quite strange to think that you’re in the lifetime trips. He hopes to fulfil his clients every wish and
middle of the city with an art museum just metres from the give them an experience to remember. As a favour to him, I
spot and people enjoying picnics in the park who are maybe agreed to go along on one of the trips and evaluate the
oblivious to your activities. experience. I thought it was just going to be a bit of a break
People from around the world come to try it out. However, from my 9-5 life. Nothing could have prepared me for what
river surfing is very different to its ocean counterpart. In the happened. I went to Kathmandu in Nepal which is an
sea, surfers catch a wave and ride it into the shore but on amazing place but while I was there I saw a lot of suffering
the river you’re surfing against the wave so it’s like doing it caused by an earthquake that hit the area a few years back.
in reverse. And on the Eisbach, this can be particularly tricky It affected me so much that I decided to give up my life back
due to the rocks that are hidden from sight on the riverbed. home and volunteer for a charity project rebuilding a school
It’s definitely not a place for beginners. Even experienced and hospital in the area.
surfers have to be careful. Speaker 3
There are signs up all around the area warning of the I wish I’d visited the castle sooner, but you know what it’s
dangers and we inform any newcomers that you can’t surf like. You live in a place and you think you’ve got plenty of
there if you don’t know how to river surf. But it’s an time to explore and then life gets in the way and you never
exhilarating experience from the moment you jump on your get around to it. In fact, I still don’t think I would have visited
board. There are flood lights up on the bridge to illuminate the place if I hadn’t given my word to my cousin that we
the water at night because there isn’t enough light from the would go when she came to stay for New Year. But I’m so
road or the park. I remember one particular time that I was glad I did. It’s an amazing site with so much history and it
surfing at night with a few friends. We string flood lights up gave me a new found appreciation of my home. My visit
on the bridge to illuminate the water because there isn’t actually prompted me to find out more about the area which
enough light from the road and the park. You can only have in turn led me to my new job as a tour guide. Now I get to
one surfer in the water at a time because the channel is so introduce more people to the wonders of my home.
narrow so I was waiting my turn in the queue. I watched as Speaker 4
the surfer before me was gliding his board from side to side I’ve been on holiday with my family a lot in the past but this
and my heart was pounding in anticipation. Then, he went was the first time my sister and I travelled alone. I wasn’t
over the back of the wave and it was my turn. All of a sure if we would get along on the trip. We’ve been known to
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fall out over the silliest of things but I felt it was important place in picture B as there are definitely no modern
that we try as I was moving away from home and wouldn’t amenities there like electricity or running water and finding
see much of her in the future. We went on a cruise round the food appears to be a daily struggle.
Mediterranean and saw some amazing things but the best
thing about the trip was getting to know my sister properly. Progress Check 7 – Exercise 5 (p. 130)
After the trip I was surprised that I not only felt closer to her Hi, everyone. My name’s Leanne Ramsay, and recently I
but I saw her in a different light. It was more like we had was lucky enough to go on an activity holiday with a few
become friends and weren’t just siblings anymore. friends to Croatia. I’d never been on an activity holiday
Speaker 5 before, my family preferred more of a relaxing and
My best friend recommended that I join him on his morning unwinding on the beach and do a little sightseeing kind of
run through the park when the doctor told me to get more holiday so I was really excited about doing something
exercise, but that sounded a bit boring to me. Instead, I different for a change.
decided to take up hiking. I didn’t realise that there were so When we first started looking for somewhere to go, we
many wonderful hiking trails in the area that are suitable for found an array of excursions online. They had everything
all levels of experience. I started out on the easier trails and from hiking or horse-riding in the Alps to the more
had such a great time that I kept going back and worked my adventurous white-water rafting or kayaking but we opted
way up to the harder hikes. Now, I’m part of a group that for a sailing and biking holiday. The package included seven
plans excursions every weekend and I’ve even got my friend days of cycling around the mainland and islands of Croatia
interested in joining us. Not to mention that the regular with accommodation provided on a boat.
exercise has done my health the world of good. When we arrived and were shown onto the boat, I was
surprised by how comfortable it was. I suppose I’d been
7e – Exercise 5 (p. 121) expecting something a bit rougher and more modest but I
I would like to look at pictures A and B. In the first picture, I was pleasantly surprised. The cabins were large with really
can see a snow-covered house in the mountains. There is a comfy beds and the crew was very helpful. They also had an
woman who is pulling a sleigh with a child on it. They are amazing chef who created the most delicious meals that
both wearing warm clothes. It appears to be fairly cold. In made use of wonderful local produce.
the second picture, in contrast, there is a group of people I was a little worried about being on the boat. I’m not the
probably in a small African village. They appear to be a tribe best traveller and have been known to suffer from
who live in traditional huts. It appears to be very hot. The seasickness in the past so the idea of sleeping and eating
people are wearing thin clothes and might be doing chores on board was a little nerve wracking. But, to be honest, after
or helping each other prepare a meal. In my opinion, the the first night I barely noticed we were on the water at all. If
most striking similarity between the two pictures is that they anything, I suffered more from exhaustion than anything
both show people living in isolated places under extreme else.I guess I was just so tired from all the exercise I was
conditions. I think the people in picture A enjoy living in the getting that I was asleep before the movement could affect
mountains, and enjoy a comfortable and modern lifestyle, me.
while the tribe that live in picture B follow their traditional Now, I’m a bit of a biking enthusiast. I cycle everywhere.
way of life away from populated places. I’d say that there When I’m commuting or just visiting friends, I take my bike.
are some difficulties that these people may encounter while It’s great exercise and it’s much better for the environment
living in these places. In picture A, if there is no electricity, than other forms of transport like trains and buses so I
then the people there would have to chop wood for heating thought I would have no problems being on the bike for so
and cooking and use oil lamps to get around. Another long. Boy, was I in for a shock. Because all of us on the trip
problem could be getting trapped in a snowstorm and being were young, fit and experienced cyclists the organisers
unable to travel in the mountains in winter especially as the decided to take us on the more difficult routes. That meant
weather can change very quickly and dramatically at high we were cycling on different terrains sometimes on trails up
altitudes. Whereas in picture B, the tribe might have to 500 km high. By the end of the second day I could barely
difficulties finding food as they have to hunt around the walk and my legs felt like jelly. I couldn’t have imagined that
forest or fish in rivers or lakes. They could also be facing it would be that difficult, but it was worth it. We cycled
harsh environmental conditions like long dry spells and through some beautiful scenery including fig trees, olive
shortage of water which could make daily life more difficult groves and many villages. And the views from the top of the
for them. To my mind, living in this place is a way of life for trails were spectacular. It was amazing looking out over the
them which they have become accustomed to and any Adriatic and the island below us. But most impressive of all
difficulties that they encounter can be easily overcome. In was the fact that you could also see across the water to the
my opinion, I think it would be most difficult to live in the neighbouring islands.
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It was really tough going and we covered hundreds of to the world of film, television and photography. The
kilometres. But it was an amazing trip. The only downside exhibitions are spread out over 8 floors and are displayed in
for me was that I was sometimes too tired to enjoy it fully. I both traditional and interactive galleries. We have both
would definitely recommend that anyone thinking of doing a permanent sections and two gallery spaces which host a
similar trip should try to get some endurance training in changing programme of exhibitions related to our collection.
before they leave to raise their staying power. That way, A few pieces of note from our permanent collection include
they will be in the perfect physical condition for the cycling the oldest surviving negative known to exist anywhere in the
and won’t lose out on any of the experience. That’s what I’m world, the earliest television footage and the actual camera
going to do before I go back. that made the first ‘movie’ in Britain. The collection explores
the science behind these different media and traces its
development through the years. More recent additions to
Module 8 – The Art of Entertainment
the museum include the world’s first gallery exploring the
8b – Exercise 7b (p. 135) Internet and our life online and the newly opened
Speaker 1 Wonderlab, an interactive exhibition which looks at the
Ben Wilkin’s new crime novel Mystery Case is such a great science of light and sound. The gallery features a number of
read! The story is really gripping and it’s full of lots of live experiments that make you a part of the show and the
riveting plot twists. They were so well done that I didn’t see experience is truly wonderful. For all you gamers, no matter
any of them coming at all. The twist at the end is really jaw- what your level of expertise, you can find the Games Lounge
dropping! The characters are also very interesting, and in on level 5 where you can play classic games in their original
fact that’s a big strength of the book. The detective in the formats and learn how video gaming has developed over
story is an especially intriguing character. This is one of the the years. This gallery is always popular so please be
most exciting crime stories that I’ve ever read and I’d prepared to wait your turn and respect the equipment.
definitely recommend it to fans of the genre. Some of it dates back to the early days of gaming and
Speaker 2 cannot now be replaced.
Ian Smithson’s Journey to Andromeda is quite a Now, while the museum itself is free to the public, charges
disappointing sci-fi novel. For something set on alien worlds apply if you wish to see a film at the cinema or on the IMAX
it’s surprisingly dreary. The plot is also rather predictable, screen. The IMAX, which was the first such screen ever
and it’s easy to guess who the mysterious villains chasing opened in the UK, is showing a selection of short films at the
our hero are. In general, I found the characters unconvincing. moment and the hotly awaited live-action version of
For someone who is supposed to be a space explorer the Disney’s Beauty and the Beast starring Dan Stevens as the
hero just didn’t add up. The villains are also contrived. Beast and Emma Watson as Belle. The film showcases
Unfortunately I found the book to be a very dull read. Ian spectacular CGI coupled with live performances and is a trip
Smithson’s latest work is an overrated book, written by a down memory lane for anyone who grew up with the 1991
once great author who’s sadly run out of ideas. Even fans of original animation. And, if you want to make it a truly
Smithson’s work should avoid this boring and tedious book. memorable experience, why not opt to watch it in 3D? For
Speaker 3 refreshments, we have the media café offering a wide
Scott Brook’s new biography of athlete Angela Jones selection of … (fade)
certainly won’t surprise her fans. Her life story is compelling,
and the writing is so absorbing and interesting. Hearing Exercise 4b (p. 138)
about how Jones overcame injury to win Olympic medals is Segment 1 (Questions 1 & 2)
quite remarkable. She really is an amazing person and such I: We’re here with Harry Gorman, the well-known film
a strong passionate character, and the book lets you get to critic, to discuss the state of cinema today. Harry,
know her and understand the woman behind the success. I welcome to the show. What’s your opinion on the
was fascinated by this book and strongly recommend it to offerings at this year’s festival?
all sports fans. M: Actually, I’ve been pleasantly surprised by the diversity
8d – Exercise 2b (p. 138) of the films on show this year. All too often, film
Hello everyone, and welcome to the National Media festivals pander to the popular money-making
Museum here in Bradford. My name is Lucy Philips and I’ll blockbuster films from the big studios to get crowds in
be your guide today. at the expense of more meaningful pieces, but there
Before we begin our tour, I’d just like to give you some seems to be a range of tastes being catered for at this
information. The museum, which was opened in 1983 on a event, which I’m glad to see. Festivals should be about
site that was originally designated for a theatre, houses over giving the opportunity for smaller budget productions
three and a half million historical and cultural items related or more experimental cinema to showcase their work.
177
Audioscripts
I: It sounds like that’s very important to you, that all the heartstrings of the audience whereas what they’re
different areas of cinema should be represented. actually doing is depriving the viewer of the real pain of
M: Oh, it is. Cinema to me is an art form and as such it the characters. If it’s the right story, you don’t need to
should be used to push the boundaries of what’s embellish it, it’ll tell itself. I think that’s why this one was
normal or expected. I’m a big fan of productions that so good. The director, Garth Davis, allowed the story to
attempt to do this, but unfortunately they just don’t come across naturally.
make money. Big studios opt for style over substance Segment 4 (Questions 7 & 8)
and this has resulted in an excess of CGI and I: That can’t be easy. I mean, it must be tempting to up
superhero films, with admittedly jaw-dropping special the emotional factor of a film just to get a reaction.
effects, taking priority over strong characters and plot M: I’m sure it is but Davis and the cast handled this story
lines. For them, it’s all about the bottom line. with an awareness of just what exactly they wanted to
Segment 2 (Questions 3 & 4) tell the audience and how they wanted them to feel.
I: You’re very critical with your assessment of big budget This was actually Davis’s feature film debut. He’d
films but they’re popular for a reason. A lot of people previously worked on commercials and television but
derive pleasure from them. never on a film. And maybe it’s this freshness that gave
M: Don’t get me wrong, I’m not denying that they’re him the freedom to tell the story the way he wanted.
enjoyable, but they don’t do anything for me on a I: You mentioned the stars of the film, whose
deeper level. And there seems to me to be a lack of performance impressed you the most?
originality in a lot of modern films where one film is M: This film was very well cast. The adult Saroo was
much like the next. When they find a formula that skilfully played by the British actor Dev Patel and you
works, they stick to it, banging out carbon copies or feel the struggle between his desire to find his roots
dreary sequels. I personally think they’re overrated and and his reluctance at hurting his adoptive mother.
that if you’ve seen one superhero film, then you’ve Likewise, Nicole Kidman’s portrayal of his Australian
seen them all, but they’re money-spinners. mother is handled with delicacy and respect. But the
I: So, are there any recent contributions to the world of standout performance for me was that of Sunny Pawar,
film that would get your seal of approval? who played the young Saroo. For a person of that age
M: Actually, some film makers seem to be bucking the to show such levels of emotion was outstanding.
trend recently by focussing on more meaningful Segment 5 (Questions 9 & 10)
stories. I particularly enjoyed Lion the story about a I: Well it sounds like there are some worthy films out
young Indian boy who becomes ‘lost’ for 25 years. there to get people into the cinemas.
Oscar nominated, this film had a compelling storyline M: I hope so. We need something to do that.
made all the more memorable by the fact that it’s I: What do you mean? You can’t be saying that the
based on a true story. I mean, why do we have to make cinema is at risk of dying out, surely?
up fantastical stories when we can look to the real M: I think it is. Going to the cinema is an experience.
world for inspiration? There’s nothing quite like sitting back in the dark with a
Segment 3 (Questions 5 & 6) hundred other film lovers in a big theatre marvelling at
I: So, tell me more about Lion. the characters looking down from the big screen. But
M: It’s based on the book A long way home, the it’s an experience which is under threat thanks to the
biographical tale of Saroo Brierley, a young boy who advent of technology. It just can’t compete. Too many
becomes separated from his family when he gets stuck people are opting for the cheaper option of sitting in
on a train in rural India and travels thousands of miles the comfort of their own home to enjoy their films.
to Kolkata. He survives on the streets until he’s placed I: So you think people are more likely to download films
in an orphanage. From there, he’s adopted by an these days instead of visiting the cinema for the
Australian couple and moves to Tazmania. Twenty-five ‘experience’ as you call it.
years later, we catch up with the adult Saroo as he M: Unfortunately, I do. You know it’s somewhat strange
starts a painful journey using his broken memories and that the thing which allows big budget films to create
the Internet to discover where he came from. bigger and more breath-taking effects is the same
I: It does sound like a very moving story, but I sometimes thing that’s threatening the very medium itself. That’s
avoid those types of films because I often find them too another reason that festivals such as this one are so
melodramatic. important. They get people back into the cinemas, they
M: I know what you mean and that’s often a problem with take risks and show what can be done. If the first film
these types of films. The film maker tries to add as makers hadn’t taken risks, we wouldn’t have the
much pain and suffering as they can to tug at the experience today that we all know and love.
178
Audioscripts
8e – Exercise 4 (p. 139) Progress Check 8 – Exercise 3 (p. 148)

Interlocutor: What role do entertainment facilities play in a Hello everyone and welcome to the Jane Austen Centre. My
community? name is Charlotte Lucas. As most of you will know, I am the
Student: I believe that entertainment facilities play an best friend of Elizabeth Bennet, the lead character from the
important role in a community. In the first place, cinemas, much-loved novel Pride and Prejudice, a love story between
theatres and concert halls all help build community Elizabeth and Mr Darcy that was ahead of its time, set
character as they provide a meeting place and a centre in among the manners and beauty of the Georgian period of
which local people can socialise. Entertainment facilities the 18th and 19th centuries. With fantastic characters, this
also enhance community participation because they inspire book has everything you could ask for, a courageous
community members to get together in order to participate heroine, a charismatic hero, a despicable villain and a witty
in events. Entertainment facilities also strengthen cultural and comedic story. The book itself was published on
values and preserve heritage and history. January 28th 1813 and was a popular success, but what a
Interlocutor: Should schools place more emphasis on lot of you may not know is that it was not published under
teaching performing arts? the name Jane Austen. In fact, Austen was not given credit
Student: I think that some sort of general artistic training is for being the author of any of her works while she was alive.
good for students. I believe performing art classes are a It is only after her death on July 18th in 1817 that people
means of relaxation and also a way of opening up new came to know the woman behind the words. Jane Austen
interests and horizons. Some students want careers in the was born on 16 December 1775 in a small town called
entertainment industry and in order to recognise their talents Steventon. She was the seventh of eight children. The
they need to be exposed to performing arts. For others, daughter of a clergyman, Jane grew up in a close-knit family
these classes are fun and provide a complete break from and her parents fostered an environment of learning where
more academic work and can be a useful skill in later life. I she and her siblings were encouraged to read.They also
think more schools should include performing arts in their wrote and performed plays together. In 1801 she and her
curriculums. family moved here to the city of Bath, where the novels
Interlocutor: In what ways do performing arts help children Persuasion and Northanger Abbey are set. Jane Austen was
develop their personality? a truly remarkable woman who wrote strong characters like
Student: Performing arts can play a vital role in helping the headstrong and outspoken Elizabeth in Pride and
children develop their personalities. When children become Prejudice, and her books are noted for their wit, social
involved in an artistic activity they learn how to express their observations of the time and their … [fade out]
inner feelings through different mediums. By acting, dancing
The centre is arranged on 3 floors. On the top floor there is a
or singing on stage, they also can explore new roles. This
delightful period tea-room offering a range of teas and
can give them a sense of freedom. Children can also
coffees and delicious snacks and cakes. On the first floor,
experience a sense of achievement when they perform.
you can enjoy a video starring one of the actors from the
They feel proud of the things they do, particularly when they
BBC version of Pride and Prejudice, which tells you about
perform in a prominent place in front of their parents or
Jane Austen’s Bath and the locations that are used in the
friends. This can help them build their self-confidence and
two novels that are set here. Finally, on the ground floor you
help them to overcome their shyness, as they feel that
will find the gift shop, where you can purchase all different
others appreciate their talents. Another important way in
kinds of souvenirs and copies of all her books; and the
which performing arts can aid children’s personal
centre’s collection, which includes a number of exhibits,
development is by teaching them to be creative. In this way,
interactive displays and a dressing up room where you can
children become capable of creative expression while
try out different costumes from the time period. (fade)
performing. Having the freedom to sing, dance or act gives
children the opportunity to use their talents and learn new
artistic skills. Personally, I think it is essential for every child
to be involved in performing arts in order to acquire creative
skills, greater self-confidence and awareness.
179
13OnScreen C1 Ts POL Evaluat.qxp_13OnScreen C1 Ts POL Evaluat 12/7/18 12:55 PM Page 180
Evaluations
Formative Evaluation Chart
Name of game/activity: ..................................................................................................................

Aim of game/activity: .....................................................................................................................
Module: ............................................. Unit: ..................................... Course: ..........................
Students’ names: Mark and comments

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Evaluation criteria: c (green) w (yellow) n (red)
182 © Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE

Cumulative Evaluation
Student’s Self Assessment Forms
CODE
**** Excellent *** Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good
Student’s Self Assessment Form Module 1
Go through Module 1 and find examples of the following. Use the code to evaluate yourself.
• talk about relationships
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about family life
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about personality and qualities
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about habits/routines
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about the past/past habits
.....................................................................................................................................................
• compare members of your family
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out a dialogue asking and giving personal information
.....................................................................................................................................................
• answer questions about yourself
.....................................................................................................................................................
• general comprehension
.....................................................................................................................................................
• listen for gist
.....................................................................................................................................................
Go through the corrected writing tasks. Use the code to evaluate yourself.
• write a blog entry about how to get along with your siblings despite differences
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write sentences comparing members of your family
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write an informal letter/email giving your opinion and making suggestions
.....................................................................................................................................................
• analyse a rubric/model
.....................................................................................................................................................
• put paragraphs in the correct order
.....................................................................................................................................................
• recognise appropriate style in informal letter/emails
.....................................................................................................................................................
© Express Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE 183

CODE
• talk about technological developments and robotics
.....................................................................................................................................................
• debate about bionic limbs and organs and their use
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about everyday computing and gadgets
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about the future
.....................................................................................................................................................
• make predictions using degrees of certainty
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use it – there
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out a dialogue making and responding to suggestions
.....................................................................................................................................................
• compare and speculate on pictures
.....................................................................................................................................................
• read for specific information
.....................................................................................................................................................
• listen for gist and specific information
.....................................................................................................................................................
• post a comment to a newspaper article
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a proposal
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• practise using linkers
.....................................................................................................................................................
• predict content
.....................................................................................................................................................

CODE
• talk about jobs and qualities
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about vocational training and education
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about problems at work
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use intensifiers
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use the infinitive/-ing forms to talk about myself
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out a dialogue giving and responding to advice
.....................................................................................................................................................
• negotiate and reach an agreement
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• listen for specific information
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a proposal with innovative business ideas
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a semi formal/formal letters/emails
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• recognise formal/informal style
.....................................................................................................................................................
• recognise incorrect register
.....................................................................................................................................................

CODE
• talk about inner well-being and emotional health
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about health problems and injuries
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about health conditions, fitness and sport
.....................................................................................................................................................
• make speculations/deductions
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about things to do to keep fit and healthy using modals and words/phrases expressing
modality
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out a dialogue expressing opinions, agreeing or disagreeing
.....................................................................................................................................................
• express opinions based on visual prompts
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a summary of a text
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write an essay based on prompts
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• recognise thesis statements/topic sentences and supporting details
.....................................................................................................................................................
• paraphrasing
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use different techniques for introductions and conclusions
.....................................................................................................................................................

CODE
• talk about modern social problems and injustice
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about crime and punishment
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about environmental issues
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about weird facts using the passive
.....................................................................................................................................................
• practise reflexive/emphatic pronouns and the causative
.....................................................................................................................................................
• recognise substitution & ellipsis
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out dialogue discussing causes/results of an issue and offering solutions
.....................................................................................................................................................
• do a collaborative task
.....................................................................................................................................................
• read for cohesion and coherence
.....................................................................................................................................................
• listen for gist and specific information
.....................................................................................................................................................
• post a comment to a newspaper article
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a report about a social issue
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use linking words/phrases and structures
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use formal register
.....................................................................................................................................................

CODE
• talk about advertising
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about shopping
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about money & spending
.....................................................................................................................................................
• hypothesise/make wishes
.....................................................................................................................................................
• express preferences
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out dialogue making and responding to a complaint
.....................................................................................................................................................
• argue a case
.....................................................................................................................................................
• read for opinion, attitude and specific information
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• do research and write a report with the findings
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a for-and-against essay
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use cohesion techniques and linkers/linking phrases
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use justifications/examples
.....................................................................................................................................................

CODE
• talk about nature and outdoor activities
.....................................................................................................................................................
• describe landscapes and geographical features
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about extreme weather and natural phenomena
.....................................................................................................................................................
• report sb’s words
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use articles/determiners/nouns
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out a dialogue narrating an experience & showing interest
.....................................................................................................................................................
• compare pictures
.....................................................................................................................................................
• read for coherence and cohesion
.....................................................................................................................................................
• listen for specific information and gist
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write an informal email describing an experience
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a short story based on prompts
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a narrative
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use descriptive language in narratives
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use different techniques to begin and end a narrative
.....................................................................................................................................................

CODE
• talk about different types of art forms
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about one’s favourite film and book
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about music
.....................................................................................................................................................
• join sentences using relatives
.....................................................................................................................................................
• identify different types of clauses
.....................................................................................................................................................
• talk about yourself using emphatic structures
.....................................................................................................................................................
• act out a dialogue making suggestions, interrupting and responding to suggestions
.....................................................................................................................................................
• discuss topic-related point based on written input
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
• listen for specific information and attitude/opinion/gist
.....................................................................................................................................................
• create a poster for an arts event
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a short article describing one’s ideal job
.....................................................................................................................................................
• write a review
.....................................................................................................................................................
• use appropriate vocabulary and style to recommend
.....................................................................................................................................................
• brainstorm for ideas
.....................................................................................................................................................

Progress Report Cards
Progress Report Card

.............................................................. (name) can: Module 1
very well OK not very well

talk about relationships
talk about family life
talk about personality and qualities
talk about habits/routines
talk about the past/past habits
compare members of one’s family
act out a dialogue asking and giving personal information
answer questions about oneself
read for general comprehension
listen for gist
write sentences comparing members of your family
write a blog entry about how to get along with one’s
siblings despite differences
write an informal letter/email giving one’s opinion and
making suggestions
analyse a rubric/model
put paragraphs in the correct order
recognise appropriate style in informal letters/emails


.............................................................. (name) can: Module 2

talk about technological developments and robotics
debate about bionic limbs and organs and their use
talk about everyday computing and gadgets
talk about the future
make predictions using degrees of certainty
use it – there
act out a dialogue making and responding to suggestions
compare and speculate on pictures
read for specific information
listen for gist and specific information
post a comment to a newspaper article
write a proposal
practise using linkers
predict content

.............................................................. (name) can: Module 3

talk about qualities
talk about vocational training and education
talk about problems at work
use intensifiers
use the infinitive/-ing forms to talk about oneself
act out a dialogue giving and responding to advice
negotiate and reach an agreement
listen for specific information
write a proposal with innovative business ideas
semiformal/formal letter/email
recognise formal/informal style
recognise incorrect register


.............................................................. (name) can: Module 4

talk about inner well-being and emotional health
talk about health problems and injuries
talk about health conditions, fitness and sport
make speculation/deductions
talk about things to do to keep fit and healthy using models
and words/phrases expressing modality
act out a dialogue expressing opinions, agreeing or
disagreeing
express opinions based and visual prompts
write a summary of a text
write an essay based on prompts
recognise thesis statements/topic sentences and supporting
details
paraphrasing
use different techniques for introductions and conclusions


.............................................................. (name) can: Module 5

talk about modern social problems and injustice
talk about crime and punishment
talk about environmental issues
talk about weird facts using the passive
practise reflexive/emphatic pronouns and the causative
recognise substitution & ellipsis
act out a dialogue, discussing causes/results of an issue
and offering solutions
do a collaborative task
read for cohesion and coherence
listen for gist and specific information
post a comment to a newspaper article
write a report about a social issue
use linking words/phrases and structures
use formal register

.............................................................. (name) can: Module 6

talk about advertising
talk about shopping
talk about money & spending
hypothesis/make wishes
express preferences
act out a dialogue making and responding to a complaint
argue a case
read for opinion, attitude and specific information
do research and write a report with the findings
write a for-and-against essay
write a story
use cohesion techniques and linkers/linking phrases
use justifications/examples


.............................................................. (name) can: Module 7

talk about nature and outdoor activities
describe landscapes and geographical features
talk about extreme weather and natural phenomena
report sb’s words
use articles/determiners/nouns
act out a dialogue narrating an experience & showing interest
compare pictures
read for coherence and cohesion
listen for specific information & gist
write an informal email describing an experience
write a short story based on prompts
write a narrative
use descriptive language in narratives
use different techniques to begin and end a narrative

.............................................................. (name) can: Module 8

talk about different types of art forms
talk about one’s favourite film and book
talk about music
join sentences using relatives
identify different types of clauses
talk about oneself using emphatic structures
act out a dialogue making suggestions, interrupting and
responding to suggestions
discuss topic-related points based on written input
read for specific information/detail
listen for specific information and attitude/opinion/gist
create a poster for an arts event
write a short article describing one’s ideal job
write a review
brainstorm for ideas
use appropriate vocabulary and style to recommend

14OnScreen C1 Ts POL WB Key.qxp_14OnScreen C1 Ts POL WB Key 12/7/18 12:57 PM Page 196
Workbook
key
Module 1 Weak: 1 fair-weather friend 3 family friend

2 acquaintance 4 friend of a friend
1a – Reading (pp. 4-5)
1 1 B 9 1 resolve 3 voice 5 pay 7 return
2 form 4 offer 6 speak 8 suffer
2 1 D 2 F 3 A 4 C 5 E
10 1 personalised 6 unselfishly
3 ambitious = challenging 2 enabled 7 relationship
vintage = old 3 comparisons 8 financially
truly = genuinely 4 competitive 9 uncharacteristic
motivated = inspired 5 disloyal 10 intriguing
nomadic = mobile
random = chance 1c – Grammar in use (p. 8)
kindness = generosity 1 1 ’ve been checking 6 ’re working
fund = pay for 2 appear 7 finishes
originally = in the first place 3 thinks 8 ’ve been
mechanics = working parts 4 was trying 9 had been watching
stability = security 5 took 10 told
chapter = phase
navigating = traversing 2 1 drives, finishes 5 had been walking,
incredible = unbelievable 2 was, was visiting had left
3 is meeting, don’t 6 is, has been
4 discouraging = inspiring foreign = native usually get, works babysitting
humble = grand local = global 4 had not spoken, called 7 had stopped, left
prevented = enabled
3 Suggested Answer
5 1 fund 3 delays 5 sense 1 used to work 4 hasn’t got used to
2 ambitious 4 unique 2 would spend 5 Did Mary use to go
3 get used to living 6 got used to
1b – Vocabulary (p. 6)
1 1 weak 3 genuine 4 1 am thinking 4 is fitting 7 taste
2 productive 4 distant 2 think 5 is 8 is tasting
3 fit 6 is being
2 1 C 2 E 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 D
5 1 little 3 just as large as 5 by far
3 1 headstrong 3 self-confident 5 dominant 2 not the same as 4 half as much
2 submissive 4 lively 6 aggressive
6 1 the great their chances is incorrect. It should be
4 1 of 3 down 5 up 7 in replaced with the greater their chances
2 on 4 in 6 of 8 to 2 It isn’t nowhere as straightforward as is wrong. It
could be replaced with It isn’t as straightforward as
5 1 heritage 3 traits 5 descent OR It isn’t anywhere near as straightforward as
2 generations 4 fight 6 genes 3 cheaper than is incorrect. It could be replaced with
cheaper OR cheaper than they were.
Topic related vocabulary (p. 7) 4 harder enough is incorrect. It should be replaced
6 1 vying 3 neglecting 5 intervened with hard enough.
2 friction 4 contradicting 6 exclude 5 as quite is incorrect. It should be replaced with
quite as.
7 1 peas 3 silver 5 thick 6 just good is incorrect. It should be replaced with
2 stand 4 eye just as good.
8 Strong: 1 guardian 3 soulmate

2 partner 4 companion
196
Workbook
key
7 1 get used to living 5 been in contact 1f – Writing (p. 12)
2 is in the habit of eating with Jenny for
1 a)
3 is more outgoing 6 by far the best You have received an email from an English friend.
4 comes across as football game I’m having problems getting along with my new
college flatmate, Tina. She’s messy, rude at
Grammar in Focus times and keeps borrowing my personal
belongings. This is starting to irritate me. I don’t
1 who 5 continues 9 newest
know what to do. I’d like your advice please.
2 started 6 has been 10 of
Cheers,
3 had already driving 11 most/best Alice
won 7 as 12 have become
Write your email (220-260 words)
4 raced 8 has moved
1d – Listening skills (p. 10) b) 1 I’m sorry to hear

1 a) Task one = E, Task two = D 2 Here are a few things you can try
3 First of all
b) Task one: G is also referred to, 4 it would be a good idea
Task two: B and F are also referred to. 5 If you do this
6 Something else you could try
2 a) renovate (v) = to refurbish 7 Have you thought of
respective (adj) = corresponding 8 Let me know what happens
complement (v) = to supplement sth
landscape gardening (n) = designing gardens with 2 1 I’m sorry to hear = It’s too bad
an aesthetic outcome 2 Here are a few things you can try = Here’s what I
gap year (n) = the act of taking one year off from think you should do.
your studies before you start university 3 First of all = To start with
fund (v) = to provide money for sth 4 it would be a good idea = the best thing to do is
mentor (n) = an advisor 5 If you do this = That way
cutthroat (adj) = ruthless 6 Something else you could try = Another good idea
master (v) = to become proficient in sth 7 Have you thought of = Why don’t you consider
immensely (adv) = tremendously 8 Let me know what happens = Keep in touch
a (whole) host of (phr) = a very large quantity of
sth 3 suggestions: make a chore schedule – communicate –
set boundaries
b) Key words supporting details: can divide responsibilities – discuss
Task one: reason, pursued, relationship feelings before things get out of hand – tell her what you’re
Task one is asking for a purpose. comfortable sharing and what you want to keep to yourself
results: flat cleaned on regular basis – clear up
Task two: gained from relationship
misunderstandings/avoid frustration – respect each
Task two is asking for the main point.
other’s property/privacy
c) 1 C 3 A 5 H 7 B 9 A
4 1 dress 3 exhausting 5 talk
2 F 4 D 6 D 8 G 10 F
2 small child 4 self-reliant
1e – Speaking skills (p. 11)
5 Hi Kim,
1 a) 1 D 2 B 3 A 4 F 5 C 6 E Thanks for the email. I’m so sorry to hear that you are
arguing with your parents. It sounds like a difficult and
b) 1 F 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 E 6 D frustrating situation, but let me try to give you some advice.
First of all, I think it’s important to try to show your
c) A 6 B 5 C 4 D 1 E 3 F 2 parents that you are growing up by acting in a
responsible way. If you cooperate with them and
2 1 D 3 C 5 B 7 F respect their rules, they will come to trust you. In this
2 E 4 A 6 H 8 G way, you will end up having a lot more freedom, and
things are sure to get easier.
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On the other hand, it’s important that your parents 4 Intro and Para A
respect your privacy, so I think you need to communicate genre = category
with them and tell them how you feel when they come molecules = particles
into your room without knocking. Explain what bothers strand = fine thread
you and ask them to make a few changes. If you explain yield = generate
this calmly to them, they should see that you are right. Para B
Finally, when it comes to the clothes, I think you all instantaneously = immediately
have to compromise. Maybe if you went shopping extracting = separating
together you could find some clothes that your parents
don’t mind that still let you express your personal style; Para C
it may take some time and discussion, but I think it innovations = new ideas
would be worth it. This way everyone could feel happy. resin = sticky substance
Well, I really hope that my suggestions help and revelation = pleasant surprise
things start to improve soon. Let me know how it goes. Para D
Best wishes, advances = developments
Nina store = keep
Para E
Skills Work 1 (p. 13) aspects = parts of something
1 1 D 2 E 3 A 4 F 5 C structures = built objects
pulses = bursts of energy
Language Knowledge 1 (pp. 14-15)
Para F
1 1 be 4 When 7 on/upon potential = capacity
2 as 5 This 8 the surroundings = environment
3 between 6 could/might/would
5 1 developments 3 injuries 5 products
2 1 dramatically 5 pride 2 field 4 material 6 impact
2 reputation 6 combination
3 untypical 7 personality 2b – Vocabulary (p. 18)
4 characteristic 8 sensitive
1 1 Navigation 3 drawback
2 installation 4 denial
3 1 makes no difference to
2 have decided to travel
2 1 a crashed 3 a renew
3 illness prevented him from going
b froze b refresh
4 sooner had they gone
2 a elective 4 a facilitate
5 somewhere else to
b intuitive b initiate
6 no matter how hard he
3 1 oversee 3 resolve 5 contradict 7 indicate
4 1 C 3 D 5 A 7 B 9 D 11 C
2 uncover 4 conduct 6 exceed 8 convey
2 A 4 B 6 D 8 B 10 D 12 C
4 1 with 3 from 5 for
5 1 C 3 B 5 D 7 C 9 C 11 C
2 back 4 out 6 with
2 A 4 A 6 B 8 D 10 A 12 B
5 1 application 4 literate 7 computer
Module 2 2 access 5 wires 8 pull
3 chats 6 wavelength
1 B Topic related vocabulary (p. 19)
6 1 against 3 about 5 into 7 off
2 1 A 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 C
2 with 4 to, on 6 away
3 1 heal 4 apply 7 release
7 1 controversial 3 devious 5 elaborate
2 focuses 5 explore 8 synthesise
2 emergency 4 ingenious 6 unfeasible
3 develop 6 recreate
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8 1 broke 2 think 3 move 4 toyed Grammar in Focus
1 easier 5 have been riding
9 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 B 5 D 6 D 2 are causing 6 to
3 will certainly become 7 don’t/do not contain
10 1 adjustable 6 processors 4 more 8 it
2 uncertainty 7 changeable
3 enthusiastic 8 undemanding 2d – Listening skills (p. 22)
4 continuously 9 modernisation
1 a) 1 context 3 feeling 5 action
5 renewable 10 Arrangements
2 relationship 4 opinion
b) 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 B
2c – Grammar in use (p. 20)
1 1 retires 4 is to 2 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 C
2 will have been working 5 will take care
3 will be hosting 6 Will you be 2e – Speaking skills (p. 23)
1 1 show 5 suppose 9 probably
2 1 am going to attend
2 whereas 6 assume 10 both
2 will have finished
3 opinion 7 as
3 will have been working, will still be going
4 similarity 8 On the other hand
4 ’ll/will help
2 1 practitioners 4 diagnose 7 healthcare
3 1 Until, will be accepted
2 strides 5 technological 8 workloads
2 When is the IMAX going to screen
3 software 6 robotics
3 Unless, is
4 By the time, reach
1 B 2 A
5 whether, ’ll attend
3 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b
4 1 is sure to get 3 are to remain
2 is due to start 4 are on the verge of creating
2f – Writing (p. 24)
5 1 I don’t believe 3 I suppose 1 a) Your manager at work has received funding to
2 I’m positive 4 We probably won’t improve technology use in the office and has
asked you to write a proposal suggesting how
6 1 A: There 3 A: It the money should be spent. In your proposal
B: it B: There you must evaluate the office’s existing facilities,
2 A: There 4 A: There suggest what improvements can be made and
B: It B: It outline the overall benefits (220-260 words).
Grammar Revision (p. 21)

1 1 hold 5 feels b) 1 As requested 9 increase
2 will be selling 6 is going to release 2 submitting 10 Finally
3 had been printing 7 had announced 3 benefit 11 beneficial
4 installed 8 will live 4 on the whole 12 This
5 As a result 13 In summary
2 1 are going to design 6 outdated 14 upgrade
2 haven’t/have not run 7 Consequently 15 maintain
3 has Emma been, will have been working 8 although
4 was trying, am updating, was having, Do you want
5 will have completed, had finished 2 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 E 5 D
3 1 been playing his game for

2 is going to be
3 it been since they bought
4 will have been working
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3 You work for an international company, and you Skills Work 2 (p. 25)
have read an advertisement about a computer 1 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 B
training course to develop skills at work. Write a
proposal to your manager explaining the skills the Language Knowledge 2 (pp. 26-27)
course will cover and how it will benefit the 1 1 A 3 B 5 B 7 D
company. Write your proposal (220-260 words). 2 C 4 A 6 C 8 A
1 I am an employee at an international company. 2 1 innovative 4 alternative 7 minimise

2 The proposal is being written for my manager. 2 traditionally 5 revolutionary 8 obstructions
3 I should include information about the skills the 3 transformed 6 Undeniably
course will cover, and how it will benefit the
company. 3 1 on the verge of starting
2 would rather we didn’t
4 Suggested Answer 3 likely is it that you will
To: Nancy Smith, Manager 4 prospects of studying science are
From: Liam Johnston, Personnel Officer 5 is due to open on
Subject: Middleton Computer Training Course 6 won’t buy a laptop until
Date: June 14th
Introduction 4 1 D 3 C 5 D 7 B 9 D 11 A
I am submitting this proposal in order to recommend 2 A 4 D 6 A 8 D 10 A 12 A
that staff take part in a course from Middleton Computer
Training. This course will cover a number of skills that 5 1 A 3 C 5 A 7 B 9 A 11 D
our staff need and that will benefit our company. 2 D 4 A 6 B 8 A 10 B 12 D
Computer Skills
Firstly, the course will improve employees’ computer Module 3
skills. More specifically, they will be made familiar with
the latest software programs so that they know how to 3a – Reading (pp. 28-29)
get the most out of them. This will result in employees 1 a) 1 Problems on the job arise from a variety of
being able to provide better customer service, as well sources.
as increasing productivity. 2 The outcome of problems needs to be dealt with.
Social Media Marketing 3 The main thing is to identify what is significant
In addition, the course will bring everyone up-to-date about the difficulties.
with the latest social media marketing practices. As
you know, while we do have a social media presence, it b) 1 b 2 c 3 a
does not generate much revenue for us. This course
will train staff to use social media to advertise our c) Newcomers may find the challenges of the job quite
products more effectively, and that is sure to increase demanding but at the same time rewarding.
company revenue. Difficulties such as client complaints are of the
Computer Safety utmost importance (a) and need to be handled in
Finally, the course will give us the knowledge to use the most professional of ways with ongoing
computers safely. After completing the course staff will communication and troubleshooting. (c) Client
know how to identify and avoid malware programs and dissatisfaction clearly originates from poor
hackers. This knowledge will allow us to keep our customer service and mishandling of contracts. (b)
company’s network secure.
d) Question 2
Conclusion
In conclusion, it seems clear that booking a course 2 1 E 3 C 5 B 7 A 9 D
from Middleton Computer Training would ensure that 2 B 4 C 6 D 8 E 10 A
all staff have adequate computer skills, understand the
principles of social media marketing, and know how to 3 have taken this a step further = I
use computers safely. I believe that this course would avert a problem = D
certainly help us to keep our company productive, has dogged = E
profitable and secure. best suited = J
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stick around = F 2 1 to stay 6 to have been preparing
juggling = H 2 working 7 buying
take on a new appeal = C 3 to be called 8 to be doing
extensive background = B 4 suggesting 9 to have been sent
The possibilities are endless = G 5 not having considered 10 being misused
engage in = A
3 1 making 5 to seek
4 1 to anticipate 3 enlisted 5 arose 2 to use 6 to have been agreed
2 to reconsider 4 is restricted 6 has proliferated 3 to look 7 pursuing
4 being impressed 8 to close
3b – Vocabulary (pp. 30-31)
1 1 executive 3 demanding 5 gruelling 4 a) 1 d 2 e 3 a 4 b 5 c
2 forge 4 generate 6 strenuous
b) 1 genuinely upset 4 deadly serious
2 1 made redundant 6 job security 2 bitterly cold 5 utterly ridiculous
2 self-employed 7 the night shift 3 patently obvious
3 on a short-term contract 8 flexi-time
4 the sack 9 overtime Grammar Revision (p. 33)
5 a pay rise 10 voluntary work 1 1 will print 6 will be starting
2 was typing 7 have you been
3 1 technical 4 qualifications 7 leadership 3 will have finished waiting
2 course 5 on-the-job 8 position 4 has not produced 8 is becoming
3 trade 6 apprentice 5 had been advertising
4 1 behind 3 among 5 up 2 1 The longer, the more confident

2 off 4 up 6 on 2 as efficient as
3 later
5 1 description 3 ropes 5 workmate 4 the same as
2 batteries 4 shots 6 workload 5 the best
6 as experienced as
6 1 after 3 off 5 up 7 as much as
2 on 4 ahead 6 off 8 The higher, the bigger
7 1 expired 3 elapsed 5 seasonal 3 1 was the least interesting of

2 postponed 4 annual 6 provisional 2 get used to working
3 in his office works as fast/works as fast
8 1 donkey’s 3 hat 5 moon 4 hasn’t been to Tokyo for
2 moment 4 nick 6 time 5 did not accept the invitation to
6 still hasn’t been printed by
9 1 overdue 3 devote 5 run 7 duration
2 pressed 4 set 6 period 8 fall Grammar in Focus
1 making 7 is getting
10 1 productivity 6 overworked 2 to dress 8 harder
2 unemployment 7 mismanagement 3 for 9 to have become
3 consultants 8 streamlined 4 to improve 10 enough
4 coincidental 9 tirelessly 5 has finished 11 so
5 receipt 10 representative 6 and 12 safest
3c – Grammar in use (p. 32) 3d – Listening skills (p. 34)

1 1 to cover 5 to be 9 expanding 1 a) A 4 B 1 C 3 D 2
2 temping 6 to work 10 to hear
3 having 7 to get 11 introduce b) The correct answer is C
4 have asked 8 have
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2 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 D 6 C 7 an ideal candidate
8 Thank you for taking the time to consider my
3e – Speaking skills (p. 35) application
1 1 opportunities, by offering promotions and greater 9 I am available for an interview
responsibility 10 I look forward to hearing from you
2 communication, constructive discussion of
workplace issues 2 1 E 2 B 3 E 4 B 5 E 6 E
3 recognition, award them/employees
4 security, long-term viability 3 Qualifications/Skills Experience Qualities
5 competitive wages, make workers feel valued
university degree 2 years in an outgoing
60 words per minute administrative hardworking
2 a) 1 C 2 D 3 A 4 E 5 B
typing speed role
b) Ticked boxes:
D – have flexible hours, work area must be without 4 Suggested Answer
the intrusion of domestic responsibilities To: Web Jobs Recruitment
C – lots of physical labour, work outdoors in all From: Beatrice Jones
kinds of weather Date: September 18
A – deal with life and death situations, work Subject: Administrative Assistant Position
irregular hours
E – wear protective clothing, handle harmful Dear Sir/Madam,
chemicals I am writing to apply for the job of Administrative
B – maintain a smart appearance, deal with Assistant for the Electric Company that was advertised
customers, handle money on your website last week. I feel that I am an ideal
3 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 b candidate for this position.
I completed a degree in business management at
3f – Writing (p. 36) Western University, and as part of my course I did a six
1 a) month internship as an office assistant with a large
Marketing Assistant – Advertising Agency
transportation company. This experience taught me
Our client is looking for a dynamic marketing
how to juggle tasks and work with a variety of people in
assistant. Duties include preparing press
a very busy office environment.
releases and handling social media pages. Must
I am currently working as an administrative assistant
be self-motivated and responsible. Must have a
for a clothing company, where I have been working for
degree, excellent communication skills and
three years. My duties include managing the ordering
some experience in an office environment. Apply
and distribution of products from our warehouses. In
by email to onestop.hire@recruitment.co.uk
my current role I get to interact with a wide variety of
explaining why you feel you are suitable for the
people, which I enjoy as I am outgoing and
job.
hardworking.
1 I am a job-seeker and I am writing to an I also have excellent IT skills as I have recently
employment agency. completed an advanced training seminar on word
2 I will write in a formal style, because it is a letter processing and database use, and my typing speed is
of application. 65 words per minute.
3 I will use Dear Sir/Madam and Yours faithfully, Please see attached my CV. I am available for an
as I do not know the people involved. interview at your convenience. Please let me know if
4 In my email I will include why I feel I am suitable you require any further information. I look forward to
for the job. hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
b) 1 I am writing to apply for Beatrice Jones
2 which was advertised
3 I am interested in finding employment Skills Work 3 (p. 37)
4 was expected to perform 1 1 A 3 A 5 B 7 D 9 B
5 had the opportunity 2 B 4 C 6 A 8 D 10 D
6 consider myself to be punctual
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Language Knowledge 3 (pp. 38-39) 5 1 take 3 strengthens 5 mischievous
1 1 C 3 B 5 D 7 A 2 wreck 4 treat 6 infectious
2 C 4 C 6 A 8 B
6 1 up 3 up 5 around
2 1 as 3 is 5 down 7 One 2 through 4 over 6 out
2 before 4 can 6 order 8 None
7 1 imply 3 regret 5 express
3 1 for not being able to come 2 appreciate 4 mislead 6 stress
2 notify you of any changes
3 sooner had the vacancy been 8 1 grimaced 4 hobbled 7 avoid
4 failed to realise the importance 2 grinned 5 strolled 8 prevent
5 comes across as 3 smirked 6 staggered 9 resist
6 it wasn’t/hadn’t been for Connor’s
9 1 let 3 gets 5 having
4 1 C 3 D 5 C 7 A 9 C 11 D 2 put 4 fly 6 get
2 B 4 A 6 D 8 B 10 A 12 B
10 1 unresponsive 4 ineffective 7 unresolved
5 1 C 3 D 5 B 7 C 9 C 11 B 2 preventative 5 disapproval 8 reaction
2 A 4 A 6 D 8 A 10 D 12 B 3 fruition 6 independent
4c – Grammar in use (p. 44)

Module 4 1 1 do we have to 5 ought to, should
4a – Reading (pp. 40-41) 2 may, might 6 can’t, mustn’t, oughtn’t
1 A False, because A specifies ‘by the second half of’ 3 needn’t, don’t need to 7 Shall, Can, Should
and the statement says ‘after’ the 18th century 4 can, could 8 couldn’t
B Doesn’t say, because while we know that dogs and
puppies (more often than dogs) help children learn 2 2 should 3 would 4 might 5 couldn’t
to read, we don’t know which does it the best.
3 1 must have been working out
2 1 Doesn’t Say 6 B 2 needn’t have gone / didn’t have to go
2 False 7 A 3 can’t be
3 True 8 C 4 must be jogging
4 True 9 undergo, opposition
5 Doesn’t Say 10 faint, widespread 4 1 would you like to try
2 you supposed to sign
3 1 profound 4 incorporate 7 settings 3 it likely that he
2 therapeutic 5 soothing 8 gaining 4 how about playing badminton
3 deteriorating 6 propensity momentum 5 is bound to return
6 are allowed to use
4 1 break 3 raising 5 cross
2 met 4 goes Grammar Revision (p. 45)
1 1 was discussing 5 supposed to
4b – Vocabulary (pp. 42-43) 2 more experienced 6 having been asked
1 1 therapy 3 stamina 5 stress 3 needn’t 7 the simplest
2 recovery 4 endorphins 6 mood 4 to find out 8 bitterly
2 1 fractured 3 chronic 5 defiant 2 1 am writing 6 have been running

2 alternative 4 mental 2 was printed 7 have supervised
3 1 in 3 on 5 of 7 for (to) 3 will have graduated 8 do not shirk
2 with 4 to 6 in 8 at 4 completed 9 look
5 will have received
4 1 fiddle 3 sorts 5 spirits
2 feet 4 health
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3 1 may have forgotten about the meeting 4f – Writing (p. 48)
2 three years since Kevin started preparing
1 Your class has listened to a radio discussion
3 the Cup Final might be
4 needn’t book an appointment programme about how to motivate young people to
5 will be prevented from entering be more physically active. You have made the notes
6 the loudest you can below.
7 in the habit of training so
Ways of motivating children to be more physically
Grammar in Focus active: • parental support • public funding • school
1 must/have to/ 3 run 6 could Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the
ought to/should 4 to 7 taking ways in your notes. You should explain which
2 them 5 more 8 of method is more effective in motivating young people
to be more physically active and provide reasons to
4d – Listening skills (p. 46) support your opinion. You may, if you wish, make
1 a) 1 effective working dog 5 grateful for use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but
2 their good behaviour the company you should use your own words as much as
3 necessary for puppies 6 throughout the possible. Write your essay in 220-260 words.
4 criticise or punish partnership
1 Since 6 Alternatively
b) 1 assistance 4 are given 2 Therefore 7 In particular
2 people 5 (by) doing 3 To begin with 8 As a result
3 situations 6 possible dangers 4 For instance 9 All things considered
5 By doing this
2 1 illnesses 5 socialising volunteer 2 Your class has just attended a lecture on how to
2 purple jacket 6 baby crying motivate young people to make smart food choices.
3 hearing world 7 punished You have made the notes below.
4 companionship 8 confident
Ways of motivating young people to make smart
3 1 H 3 A 5 F 7 F 9 A food choices:
2 C 4 E 6 D 8 H 10 E Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the
ways in your notes. You should explain which
4e – Speaking skills (p. 47) method is more effective in motivating young people
1 a) I think the topic is about food choices, and why to make smart food choices and provide reasons to
healthy diets are important. support your opinion. You may, if you wish, make
use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but
b) 1 think 4 as 7 therefore you should use your own words as much as
2 scrawny 5 opinion possible. Write you essay in 220-260 words.
3 depressed 6 feel
• parental example • marketing • school
2 a) 1 A 2 C 3 B I will choose parental example, and marketing. I believe
that marketing is most important.
b) Ideas that are ticked: 1 I am going to write an essay and my tutor will read
A crash diets assure easy weight loss, diet crazes it.
are promoted in magazines 2 I should include two of the three points given.
B people are not aware of the facts, dieters are 3 four
uninformed about health dangers 4 You can use the opinions if you want to, but you
C the body is deprived of essential nutrients, should be careful to use your own words.
crash diets can affect mental health 5 Yes
3 1 b 2 d 3 e 4 c 5 a 3 With the popularity of junk food and rising obesity rates

on the one hand, and concerns about body image and
extreme weight loss measures on the other, it seems
that everyone has forgotten about the value of a
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healthy balanced diet. It is becoming more important Module 5
than ever to motivate young people to make smart food
choices. 5a – Reading (pp. 52-53)
First of all, it is important that parents model healthy 1 A: Different agricultural practices have been tried ...
eating behaviour. For example, parents should cook without success
healthy meals at home and stock up on healthy snacks. B: This ... achieved by implementing ... minimal
In this way, children learn to have good habits. As a environmental impact.
result, they will make good food choices for C: This result ... can be seen farms throughout the
themselves in the future. country.
Alternatively, marketing strategies could be improved
in order to motivate young people to make healthy food Sentence B best completes the gap.
choices. For example, a series of appealing adverts
could be aired on TV that educate people about how to 2 1 F 2 H 3 D 4 G 5 C 6 E
eat properly. As a result, the message would reach a
large number of people in a way that they would be 3 pollinated = dispersed
open to. In this way, they might start thinking more skyline = horizon
about what they choose to eat. cultivation = gardening
All in all, though parental example is an excellent way initiatives = schemes
to motivate young people to make healthy food sustained = prolonged
choices, not all parents can provide this. For this jumped on the bandwagon = followed the trend
reason, I believe a good marketing programme may
have a wider effect. After all, everyone should be 4 a) 1 g 3 f 5 b 7 a
informed about how to make smart food choices. 2 d 4 c 6 e
Skills Work 4 (p. 49) b) 1 civic projects 4 concrete jungle

1 1 DS 5 F 9 facilitate, promote 2 bio-diverse areas 5 residential tower
2 T 6 C 10 increasingly, sceptical 3 power of nature blocks
3 F 7 C
4 DS 8 A 5b – Vocabulary (pp. 54-55)
1 1 developing 3 detention 5 rummaging
Language Knowledge 4 (pp. 50-51) 2 alarming 4 alleged
1 1 A 3 B 5 B 7 D
2 D 4 A 6 A 8 B 2 1 f 3 e 5 c 7 b
2 g 4 h 6 a 8 d
2 1 than 3 more 5 at 7 like
2 full 4 such 6 it 8 line 3 1 of 3 up 5 to 7 down
2 on 4 for 6 in 8 in
3 1 unappetising 7 adjustments
2 proactive 8 sensitivity 4 1 to change 7 reality
3 unlikely 9 aside 2 to a new habitat 8 extinction
4 skiers 10 comfortably 3 a disaster 9 pollution
5 gracefully 11 suspiciously 4 a scandal 10 emissions
6 underestimated 12 basis 5 a tragedy 11 the spread of
6 the facts
4 1 C 3 D 5 C 7 D 9 C 11 A
2 D 4 A 6 D 8 C 10 B 12 B 5 1 right 3 pollution 5 communities
2 change 4 fringes 6 patrols
5 1 D 3 B 5 D 7 A 9 A 11 D
2 C 4 A 6 B 8 D 10 A 12 B 6 1 stem 3 raise 5 dignity
2 devastated 4 relative
7 1 casting 3 voluntary 5 power

2 privileged 4 exercise 6 bury
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8 1 resistance 3 summons 5 restrictions 6 1 Eric’s car was vandalised last night. It made him
2 elimination 4 enforcement 6 victimisation very angry.
2 Robin wants to adopt a dog from the rescue centre
9 1 adjust 3 evolve 5 transform but he can’t; the landlord doesn’t allow pets.
2 adapt 4 convert 6 modify 3 ‘Would you like to help me collect donations for
charity?’ ‘(That) sounds great!’
10 1 aggressively 6 criminally 4 Emma felt excited and very happy to be returning to
2 empower 7 persuasiveness the school as a volunteer.
3 argumentative 8 hardship
4 government 9 indications Grammar Revision (p. 57)
5 officers 10 permitted 1 1 are ... interviewing, witnessed
2 had been pouring, has caused
5c – Grammar (p. 56) 3 was watching, already knew
1 1 by 2 with 3 by 4 with 5 by 4 will take, will go, will wait
5 has decided, will have finished
2 1 It is believed that global warming is a major concern
for the planet. 2 1 Would you mind helping me take these items to the
Global warming is believed to be a major concern recycling bank?
for the planet. 2 Local wildlife is bound to recover if we make the
2 The mayor is rumoured to have abused his position park a protected area.
to get jobs for his friends. 3 The police officer says I am to report to the police
It is rumoured that the mayor abused his position to station with my driver’s licence.
get jobs for his friends. 4 Jane’s school is likely to go on a field trip to the
3 It is alleged that the company has been dumping wildlife centre, but it’s not been confirmed yet.
waste into local rivers. 5 You were supposed to have separated your rubbish
The company is alleged to have been dumping instead of throwing everything into the same bin.
waste into local rivers. 6 People were able to see a lot of wildlife in the forest
4 Pollution in the area is reported to be increasing. before the trees were cleared to build houses.
It is reported that pollution in the area is increasing.
3 1 regrets turning/having turned down the chance
3 1 It appears that the problem was identified as an oil 2 mayor is being held responsible
spill by scientists, but the area is being tested for 3 were advised against feeding
suspected toxic waste as well. 4 had spoken to her teacher before
2 Stricter laws will be passed (by the government) 5 prettiest flower garden I have ever
that fine companies for polluting the environment. 6 couldn’t have been driving above
The difficulty is that factories have been moved
overseas (by the energy companies), so the new Grammar in Focus
penalties won’t have any effect. 1 was reported 4 was returning 7 will rise
3 The charity’s newsletter, in which an interview 2 caught 5 biggest 8 it
about green energy is given by a famous celebrity, 3 breaking into 6 most
is going to be published.
5d – Listening skills (p. 58)
4 1 Mary has had her bag taken by thieves.
1 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 B
2 We’re having a new security system installed
tomorrow.
2 1 B 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 B
3 The mayor had his speech for the festival written by
Mr. Jones.
4 Stay calm, Sir. You will have your statement taken.
1 a) 1 b 2 d 3 e 4 a 5 c
5 1 herself – emphatic
2 themselves – reflexive b) 1 Causes: it’s all down to people deliberately
3 himself – reflexive dropping rubbish in the streets.
4 himself/herself – emphatic
5 themselves – reflexive
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2 Results: It also poses a threat to our health and is 5 To: Jessica Jones, Director
more than likely a breeding ground for bacteria. From: Richard Taylor, volunteer
3 Solutions: I think steeper fines for littering is the Subject: Report on charity events
best way to deal with the problem. Date: 21 Sept
Introduction
2 a) 1 b 2 c 3 a The purpose of this report is to describe and evaluate
work that has been carried out by our charitable
b) do community service work ✓ organisation, and to suggest future directions our work
receive short prison sentences ✓ could take.
receive special counseling and treatment ✓ Recent events
We have organised a number of charity events in the
receive high fines ✓
past year. Firstly, we have conducted regular collection
serve probation terms drives around the community to collect clothing and
be put under house arrest household items. In addition, we have enlisted several
receive the death penalty ✓ local businesses to sponsor our charity by donating
their products to our cause.
serve life sentences ✓
Effects
While all our events resulted in people in need being
3 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a
provided with essential clothing and household items,
some were more effective than others. Collection
5f – Writing (p. 60) drives in the winter were particularly successful, with
1 You volunteer for a local charity that collects food warm coats provided to low-income families and the
for people in need. Write a report to the chief homeless. While donations from our business sponsors
organiser in which you give information about were generous, these items were generally all of one
recent charity events. Your report should briefly type, and did not cover all the needs of our
describe the work that has been done so far, beneficiaries.
discussing the impact it has had on the community. Ideas for the future
It should also explain what more should be done. To make our organisation as effective as possible, a
Write your report (approximately 250 words). number of actions could be taken. Efforts should be
focused on placing more donation bins in central
2 1 Purpose 4 Future Actions locations with a view to increasing contributions. In
2 Overview of work done 5 Recommendation addition, more schools could be encouraged to get
3 Impact involved in collection drives. In the coming winter, it
would be profitable to seek to expand our sponsorship
3 1 F 3 T 5 T 7 T 9 T and include businesses like department stores that
2 F 4 T 6 F 8 T stock a variety of items that people need.
Conclusion
4 All in all, we have distributed a large quantity of
Recent Effects Ideas for the
clothing and household items. However, if we focus on
event future
our collection drives at certain times of the year, and
The charity Many people in More schools carefully increase our sponsorship from relevant
organised need received could get businesses, we could provide more useful donations to
frequent essential clothing involved in the people we support.
collection and household collection
drives. items. drives. Skills Work 5 (p. 61)
Businesses Winter clothing, Placing more
1 1 B 2 D 3 G 4 F 5 C 6 E
were such as warm coats, donation bins in
persuaded were provided to central locations
to sponsor low-income families could increase
the charity. and the homeless. contributions. 1 1 on 3 than 5 which 7 but
2 being 4 opened 6 up 8 into
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2 1 additional 4 increasingly 7 distinguish 6b – Vocabulary (pp. 66-67)
2 overcome 5 replacements 8 discontinue 1 1 brochure 3 offer 5 broke
3 uncontroversial 6 Unsurprisingly 2 convincing 4 distribution 6 frugal
3 1 In spite of the heavy rain, Laura went to the beach 2 1 imply 3 collapse 5 resonate
clean-up event. 2 reduce 4 value 6 impose
2 The person you saw might have been a burglar or
an intruder. 3 1 a - badly, b - sorely
3 I would rather you didn’t play your music so loudly. 2 a – alert, b - warning
4 The rubbish is being taken out by Mr Smith. 3 a – returns, b - repayments
5 How much people donate to charity is often 4 a – prosperous, b - affluent
influenced by media campaigns.
6 We are having security cameras installed inside our 4 1 at 3 on 5 in 7 out
building by an expert. 2 for 4 in 6 into 8 on
7 In view of residents’ complaints about the new
development, the proposals will have to be 5 1 vegetables 3 market 5 cash
changed. 2 deal 4 bill 6 leg
4 1 C 3 D 5 D 7 C 9 D 11 A 6 1 up 3 aside 5 out 7 up
2 B 4 B 6 C 8 B 10 D 12 A 2 over 4 out 6 into
5 1 D 3 C 5 D 7 A 9 D 7 1 diminishing, ample 3 extended, considerably

2 B 4 B 6 B 8 B 10 A 2 dimensions, rate 4 reduced, major
Module 6 8 1 tag 4 stick 7 look

2 campaigns 5 high 8 shoppers
6a – Reading (pp. 64-65) 3 strategies 6 time
1 Reviewer A: This book makes a convincing case for a
cashless society with well-presented arguments. The 9 1 do business 7 make a living
author weaves together engrossing stories that are not 2 do the right thing 8 make an offer
only entertaining but surprisingly educational. From 3 do for a living 9 take your time
these stories, the reader walks away more enlightened 4 do the accounts 10 take it as it comes
about how cash penetrates many aspects of our 5 make a fortune 11 take somebody for a ride
society. I know I certainly did! 6 make ends meet 12 take it or leave it
The correct answer is Reviewer B 10 1 additional 4 enlargement 7 withdrawal

2 beneficiary 5 unpaid 8 allotment
2 1 D 2 D 3 B 4 A 3 consideration 6 lengthen
3 1 admirable 3 extraordinary 5 dubious 6c – Grammar (p. 68)

2 tedious 4 revealing 1 1 look 4 encounter
2 could/can/might get 5 had not used
4 to not be convinced – I’m not buying it 3 would only visit 6 would have lost
to admire someone for an achievement – Hats off to
an impressive achievement – is no small feat 2 2 Had James known about the special offer earlier,
to make sth clearer – shed light on he would have gone to the shop.
to do sth with ease – does it so painlessly 3 If you were less reckless with money, you wouldn’t
have got into all this debt!
5 sets out – embarks on, compelling - engaging, shun - 4 What if we discussed the store’s new refund
avoid, explores – delve into, reexamine - rethink, policy?
pertinent - relevant
3 2 Lewis wishes that he had applied for the part time
job that he was interested in.
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3 Mary wishes she hadn’t lost her wallet while she 2 Encouraging Credit Card Use
was in town. 1 more purchasing options
4 Jane wishes her parents weren’t working late 2 ability to pay in instalments
(because she wants to ask them to take her to the 3 ability to earn credit rewards
department store). 4 funds for emergencies
Discouraging Credit Card Use
4 1 had asked 3 had known 5 save 1 less potential for debt
2 shop 4 had ordered 2 avoid fees and interest charges
3 more financial accountability
5 1 when 3 would 5 had 4 less temptation to spend
2 won’t 4 hadn’t 6 be
3 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 b
Grammar Revision (p. 69)
1 1 had listened 5 is expected 6f – Writing (p. 72)
2 got 6 slower
1 a) You’ve had a class discussion about television
3 to announce 7 will miss
4 shouldn’t 8 were advertising. Now your teacher has asked you to
write an essay discussing the advantages and
2 1 have been trying 4 will be working disadvantages of television advertising for
2 was leaving 5 will be travelling businesses.
3 have got 6 selling Write you essay (approximately 220-260 words).
3 1 is one of the best salesmen

2 is certain to be superseded b) 1 One of the main advantages
3 will have (already) begun 2 Moreover
4 still haven’t been printed by 3 As a result
5 wishes they hadn’t sold out 4 On the other hand
5 This is
Grammar in Focus 6 For instance
7 To sum up
1 too 4 get 7 best
2 can/might/will see 5 are offering 8 in
2 a) You’ve had a class discussion about online
3 than 6 have sold out
advertising. Now your teacher has asked you to
6d – Listening skills (p. 70) write an essay discussing the advantages and
disadvantages of online advertising for businesses.
1 a) 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C
Write you essay (approximately 220-260 words).
b) 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 C 10 A
1 I have to write an essay.
2 The target reader is my teacher.
2 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 B
3 I should write in a formal style.
4 My essay should have four paragraphs.
5 In the main body paragraphs, I will discuss the
1 1 shopping 9 to send advantages and disadvantages, and in the last
2 are browsing 10 to be having paragraph I will present my conclusion.
3 to buy 11 to go
4 to be examining 12 have b) Advantages: B, D, F
5 find 13 is trying Disadvantages: A, C, E
6 to take 14 finds
7 have been 15 are smiling c) 1 D Online advertising offers easy prospect
8 to be searching targeting. Consequently, companies can
effectively target specific groups of people
1 B 2 C 3 A and promote their brand to the most relevant
customers.
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2 C A big disadvantage of online advertising is Skills Work 6 (p. 73)
that not everyone is online; therefore, brands 1 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A
may not be able to reach those customers
and would not be able to fully benefit from Language Knowledge 6 (pp. 74-75)
Internet advertising.
1 1 D 3 A 5 B 7 A
3 B Online advertising is inexpensive. Online
2 C 4 D 6 A 8 C
adverts are relatively cheap, as a result,
more companies can afford to advertise.
2 1 as/what 3 with 5 it 7 too
4 A Lots of companies use online advertising
2 than 4 One 6 enough 8 if
and there is fierce competition because
plenty of businesses are already running
3 1 is thrown away by Americans
ads, therefore the product needs to be
2 came to an agreement to cooperate
unique for people to notice it.
3 Sue was interested in joining
5 E Users can block adverts, as Internet
4 we hadn’t been delayed by
browsers have options to impede annoying
5 couldn’t care less
adverts. Consequently, many people may
6 hadn’t put up
never see the advertising campaign at all.
6 F Online advertising provides constant
4 1 D 3 A 5 C 7 D 9 A
exposure. For example, online ads run 24
2 D 4 C 6 B 8 C 10 C
hours a day, so prospects can see ads at
their convenience.
5 1 D 3 A 5 C 7 B 9 A 11 C
2 C 4 A 6 D 8 B 10 D 12 A
3 It seems like everyone is online these days, and online
advertising is becoming ubiquitous. But is it a good
idea for companies to advertise their products in this Module 7
way? The truth is, online advertising offers both
advantages and disadvantages.
There are a number of ways online advertising can 1 1 C 2 F 3 G 4 B 5 A 6 E
benefit companies. Firstly, the internet offers easy
prospect targeting. This means companies can 2 1 accessible 3 vast 5 pristine
effectively target specific groups of people and 2 lush 4 harsh
promote their brand to the most relevant potential
customers. Secondly, advertising on the Internet is 3 1 in 2 out 3 down 4 off 5 up
relatively inexpensive. As a result, more companies
can afford advertising campaigns. Finally, the internet 4 1 has been stocked 4 broke 7 filled
provides constant exposure. For example, online ads 2 runs 5 stretched
run 24 hours a day, and prospects can view them at 3 were dazzling 6 crackled
their own convenience.
On the other hand, online advertising also has some 5 at the mercy of = subject to
disadvantages. First of all, there are a lot of online ads, go awry = don’t turn out as planned
which means it is competitive. As a result, the product gets a sense = generally understands
being sold must be unique in some way in order to get goes with the flow = accepts what happens
noticed. Furthermore, users can block adverts.
Therefore, many people may not see the advert at all. 7b – Vocabulary (pp. 78-79)
But perhaps the biggest disadvantage is that it is 1 1 venturing 3 pounded 5 battering
entirely dependent on Internet access; if the target 2 rustled 4 soared
customers don’t use the internet, they won’t see the
ads and the ads will be a waste of time. 2 1 forecasters 3 flurries 5 snap
In conclusion, though there are some disadvantages to 2 balmy 4 slush 6 nippy
online advertising, provided that your target audience
is internet savvy and your product is appealing, it will 3 1 up 3 towards 5 for
probably benefit your business. Since it is easy and 2 through 4 away 6 of
inexpensive, it is surely worth trying.
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4 1 a towering b gigantic 4 1 There are still a few spaces left on the scuba diving
2 a narrow b slender trip this afternoon.
3 a intricate b elaborate 2 Each of the walking tours around the island require
4 a harsh b rough you to wear sturdy boots.
3 Paul would like a little time to think about joining the
5 1 scales 3 wave 5 woods kayaking expedition.
2 bush 4 senses 6 luck 4 Few people try to climb the peak at this time of
year.
6 1 passion 3 random 5 speculate
2 meanders 4 fate 5 1 Only after they had carefully planned the expedition
did they go ahead with the trip.
7 1 D 2 E 3 A 4 C 5 B 2 No sooner had it started snowing than the children
ran outside to play.
8 1 pitch 3 sopping 5 rock 3 Were Mike a better mountaineer, he would try
2 bone 4 stone 6 lightning scaling Everest.
9 1 trip 3 intrepid 5 vibrant Grammar Revision (p. 81)

2 excursion 4 Explore 6 picturesque 1 1 ’d taken 5 had better bring
2 be seen 6 used to be
10 1 motivation 5 increasingly 9 undeniably 3 is said 7 far
2 endangered 6 disappearing 10 erosion 4 might not 8 sailing
3 unfortunately 7 improbability
4 wilderness 8 coordinators 2 2 had always wanted, that
3 were caused, during
7c – Grammar (p. 80) 4 often/usually, from
1 a) 2 suggested training 5 have been, was cancelled
3 refused to risk sending another search party 6 in, will have presented
4 promised to help 7 kayaking, must
5 ordered the boys to pick up 8 had not burst, wouldn’t
6 boasted that he was better than anyone else
3 1 not in the habit of exercising
b) ‘We can provide first aid training to locals,’ the 2 only was the scenery incredible but
rescue worker said. 3 might go white water rafting
‘We should begin training as lifeguards.’ Ann said. 4 wondered if we had heard
I won’t send another search party out in the 5 has been studying marine biology for
blizzard,’ said the Sheriff.
‘I’ll help rescue people stranded in the storm,’ he Grammar in Focus
said. 1 should 6 have led
‘Boys, pick up your litter!’ said the park warden. 2 least 7 more
‘I’m better than anyone else at rock climbing!’ said 3 than 8 around
Henry. 4 do not/don’t appreciate 9 rising
5 only 10 will be felt
2 1 Mr Hendricks insisted (that) we (should) always take
emergency supplies with us when trekking. 7d – Listening skills (p. 82)
2 She suggested (that) George (should) check the
1 1 third expedition 5 whale
weather report before deciding when to go fishing.
2 southernmost 6 fear
3 He proposed (that) we (should) go for a run in the
3 marine mammals 7 assembly
park because it was a lovely day outside.
4 welcoming committee 8 moored
4 Richard requested (that) she (should) bring him his
camping equipment.
2 1 D 3 B 5 E 7 A 9 H
2 G 4 F 6 E 8 C 10 G
3 1 another 3 Both 5 whole
2 others 4 each
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7e – Speaking skills (p. 83) 3 1 F 3 F 5 T 7 T
1 1 Both 5 also 9 In contrast 2 T 4 F 6 T 8 F
2 whereas 6 before 10 despite
3 between 7 However 4 Suggested Answer
4 perhaps 8 providing Ann and Jeremy were staying in a village in Costa Rica
and wanted to do something adventurous on their last
2 1 Close to nature, Less pollution, Low crime rate day before travelling back to San Jose. ‘Lets go for a
2 Fewer job opportunities, Reduced entertainment long hike and really experience what the rainforest is
options, Distance from medical facilities like,’ suggested Ann. Jeremy agreed, so they asked for
3 Intense heat waves, Longer dry periods, Heavy advice and learnt of an interesting trail.
downpours It was early morning when they started out, and the
4 Loss of productivity, Costly damages, Decline in weather was gorgeous. The sun was warm and fluffy
crop sales white clouds were scattered across the sky. They had
been walking for several hours along a narrow beach,
3 Points that are ticked: framed by spectacular reefs and rock formations on
1 Close to nature, Less pollution, Low crime rate one side and dense green jungle on the other, when
2 Fewer job opportunities, Reduced entertainment they finally reached the trailhead that led deep into the
options rainforest.
3 Intense heat waves, Heavy downpours They walked and walked, surrounded by the sounds of
4 Loss of productivity, Costly damages rainforest creatures, and the sights of massive tree
trunks and exotic flowers. Everything was perfect until
4 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b the trail eventually led them back to the beach.
‘Where has the beach gone!’ Jeremy exclaimed. ‘Oh
7f – Writing (p. 84) no! The tide has come in! Now, we’ll be stuck here all
night, and miss our bus in the morning!’ cried Ann. ‘No,
1 a) You’ve just returned from an adventure holiday we have to get back,’ said Jeremy, ‘Let’s swim.’ Ann
experience you’ve enjoyed. Now the organisers pointed to the waves and rocks. It wasn’t safe. They
have asked you to write about your experience. looked at the jungle lining the beach. It was so dense it
Write your narrative (approximately 220-260 words). seemed impossible to pass. ‘We’ll just have to do the
best we can,’ said Ann.
After struggling for hours, climbing over branches and
b) 1 over 5 by 9 above
wading through streams, they arrived back at the
2 into 6 towards 10 from
village. They were exhausted, muddy and covered with
3 through 7 into 11 for
scratches, but they were relieved to be safe.
4 down 8 over 12 along
Skills Work 7 (p. 85)
2 Your teacher has asked you to write about an 1 1 C 2 G 3 A 4 D 5 F 6 E
adventure travel experience you’ve enjoyed. Write
your narrative (approximately 220-260 words).
Suggested
Who Answer
Ann and Jeremy 1 1 it 5 their
When last day of holiday 2 to 6 these/such
Where Small village, coast of Costa Rica 3 no 7 most
Weather beautiful warm sunny, fluffy white clouds 4 number/variety 8 nowhere/nothing
Series of hiked away from village, along beach,
events to trail into jungle 2 1 amass 5 quietened
Climax returned and came to beach, found 2 timely 6 mountainous
event high tide and no beach 3 disappearance 7 richness
felt worried, rocks and waves, or thick 4 deafening 8 diversity
What jungle without trail – chose jungle, it
happened was very difficult to move forward. 3 1 warned us to always wear
Eventually got back to village 2 had been cancelled, they would have
relieved to be back to hotel, tired but 3 had no difficulty getting
Feelings
happy.
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4 been for George I would still 5 1 pilot 3 stunt 5 industry 7 act
5 can neither ski nor 2 scene 4 limb 6 show
6 after checking our equipment did we
6 1 around 3 out 5 across
4 1 A 3 A 5 D 7 B 9 D 11 C 2 down 4 on
2 B 4 C 6 C 8 C 10 B 12 B
7 1 issue 3 hold 5 make
5 1 D 3 A 5 C 7 B 9 D 11 D 2 run 4 seek 6 sue
2 D 4 D 6 C 8 A 10 B 12 A
8 1 a columnist 3 a anchor
b correspondent b reporter
Module 8
2 a bulletin 4 a heading
8a – Reading (pp. 88-89) b feature b caption
1 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 B 6 A
9 1 ideal 3 lavish 5 invaluable
2 1 over 2 out 3 up 4 out 5 with 2 considerably 4 take 6 ultimate
3 1 infancy 3 medium 5 array 10 1 re-written 5 prerecorded 9 exclamatory

2 novelty 4 gimmick 2 publicity 6 speechless 10 reprinted
3 meaningless 7 unedited
4 immersive = engaging 4 understatement 8 expressively
detached = disconnected
distant = far-away 8c – Grammar in use (p. 92)
crucial = essential 1 1 who 3 where 5 whose
visual = observable 2 which 4 why
evolving = developing
multiple = numerous 2 2 who, ND (not omitted – put commas after Dalton
and after skills)
5 pushing new boundaries = to go beyond the current 3 that/which, D (can be omitted – no commas)
limits 4 where, D (not omitted – no commas)
window into another world = something that allows you
to see something new and different 3 1 Now that 3 now
chained onto a single path = to be stuck in one way of 2 as soon as 4 Wherever
seeing things
break free = to escape 4 1 Sales of the book have dramatically risen as a result
of some very favourable reviews./As a result of
6 1 render 3 restricted 5 unfolded some very favourable reviews, sales of the book
2 showcased 4 follows 6 directed have dramatically risen.
2 As the author has written a number of bestsellers,
8b – Vocabulary (pp. 90-91) they were asked to write the screenplay for the
1 1 cliffhanger 3 commentary 5 query film./The author was asked to write the screenplay
2 subtitles 4 anticipation for the film as they have written a number of
bestsellers.
2 1 single 4 vocals 7 show 3 Young people don’t read as much as they used to
2 gig 5 lyrics due to the fact that they spend more time on the
3 auditions 6 rehearsals Internet./Due to the fact that they spend more time
on the Internet, young people don’t read as much
3 1 charismatic 3 tangled as they used to.
2 unforseen 4 absorbing
5 1 Having worked as a curator in the past, the new
4 1 by 2 with 3 to 4 with 5 in museum director is quite experienced./The new
museum director is quite experienced having
worked as a curator in the past.
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2 When viewed/Viewed from afar, the painting shows 2 1 a Provoke emotions 3 a Literary
an optical illusion./The painting shows an optical b Entertain people b Performing
illusion when viewed/viewed from afar. c Express ideas c Visual
3 Having been cast in the musical, Kevin moved to a 2 a Skill 4 a Easier to edit
flat near the theatre./Kevin moved to a flat near the b Creativity b Utilises the latest tools
theatre having been cast in the musical. c Concentration c Adopts technology
6 1 Such a hilarious comedian he is! What a hilarious 3 ticked points:

comedian (he is)! How hilarious the comedian is! 1 provoke emotions, entertain people, express ideas
Isn’t the comedian hilarious! So hilarious the 2 skill, concentration
comedian is! 3 performing, visual
2 What incredible dancers (they are)! How incredibly 4 easier to edit, utilises the latest tools
they dance! They are such incredible dancers! So
incredibly they dance! Such incredible dancers 4 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 b
(they are)!
8f – Writing (p. 96)
7 1 What 2 reason 3 where
1 a) You see the following announcement on a
Grammar Revision (p. 93) website, Everyday People:
1 1 used to be 3 none 5 explained Reviews wanted
2 breaking 4 was working Send us a review of a video posted by ordinary
people online that you enjoyed. In your review
2 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 C describe the video and say what impressed you
and why you think other viewers might enjoy it.
3 1 to hold the musical over another week. Write your review (220-260 words).
2 he hadn’t dropped out of art school when he was
younger.
b) 1 professional 5 spectacular
3 me if I had seen the latest X-Men film.
2 opening 6 extremely
4 have been here by now.
3 recognisable 7 strongly
5 had Jean acted in a play.
4 melodies
6 is having their makeup done by a professional
makeup artist.
2 1 unpredictable 3 absorbed 5 absolutely
2 compelling 4 likeable
Grammar in Focus
1 less 4 where 7 enough 10 long 3 You see the following announcement on a website,
2 such 5 herself 8 a
Reality TV:
3 of 6 well 9 the
Reviews wanted
Send us a review of a TV reality show that you
8d – Listening skills (p. 94)
enjoy. In your review, describe the show and say
1 1 B 5 B 9 teams what impresses you and why you think other
2 A 6 (end-of-year) show 10 students viewers might enjoy it.
3 B 7 one hour
Write your review (220-260 words).
4 C 8 pre-production
2 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C 1 I have to review a reality TV show.

2 The target reader is a visitor to a website.
8e – Speaking skills (p. 95) 3 I should write in a semi-formal (or formal) style.
4 I should include the background information about
1 1 raises your spirits
the show, its name, main idea etc.
2 brings people together
5 In the introduction I should describe the show, say
3 boosts critical thinking skills
why it impressed me, and why others might enjoy it.
4 develops creative interpretation and empathy
6 I will conclude my review by summarising and
5 releases tension and increases happiness
giving a recommendation.
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4 It seems that everyone is talking about reality TV lately. Skills Work 8 (p. 97)
And while I have always thought it sounded like an 1 1 C 2 D 3 D 4 C 5 A 6 B
awful idea, I recently watched an episode of the reality
TV programme called Big Brother. To my surprise, I Language Knowledge 8 (pp. 98-99)
actually enjoyed it.
1 1 competitive 5 knowledgeable
In Big Brother, a bunch of ordinary people are selected,
2 characteristics 6 perception
and then made to live together in a house, with no
3 ideally 7 uncertainty
contact with the outside world. As you might expect,
4 identified 8 willingness
most of them find it quite challenging, and the viewer
really gets to see the personalities and even the
2 1 D 3 B 5 B 7 D
psychology of the participants. I was impressed by
2 A 4 D 6 A 8 B
how fascinating and entertaining it was to watch the
different people and different personalities interact.
3 1 was due to start
This is a show that I think most people would enjoy
2 would /will mean they will have
because it contains something to interest everyone.
3 highly likely that John will be
After all, we are all curious about different personalities
4 is better in comparison to
and how people get along. I suppose it would appeal to
5 feel like going
people in the same way that friendly gossip does. Also,
6 took me by
there are moments of drama, when the inevitable
7 no matter how hard I
disagreements arise, which keeps things from getting
8 prevented Susan from dancing
boring. I believe many people would enjoy the reality
aspect, too. It is not scripted, or acted, so everything is
4 1 B 3 C 5 D 7 B 9 A 11 C
completely natural and unplanned, and the novelty of
2 D 4 A 6 C 8 D 10 B 12 B
viewing real behaviour is quite absorbing.
To sum up, I think Big Brother is a show that everyone
5 1 A 3 D 5 C 7 A 9 B 11 A
should watch, at least once. Witnessing all the different
2 C 4 B 6 B 8 C 10 D 12 B
personalities interact is fascinating and surprisingly
entertaining. If you decide to tune in, you might be
pleasantly surprised.
Prepositions & Phrasal Verbs Revision key

1 with 10 up 19 down 28 of 37 to
2 to 11 with 20 in 29 with 38 for
3 away 12 of 21 out 30 among 39 in
4 through 13 with 22 on 31 out 40 together
5 behind 14 towards 23 in 32 off 41 off
6 down 15 back 24 out of 33 up on 42 about
7 on 16 in 25 to 34 for 43 by
8 to 17 to 26 in 35 with 44 to
9 down 18 into 27 up for 36 with 45 at
215
15OnScreen C1 Ts POL Audio WB.qxp_15OnScreen C1 Ts POL Audio WB 12/7/18 12:58 PM Page 216
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1d – Listening skills Speaker 5

My dad’s best friend is a guidance counsellor, you know,
Exercise 2c (p. 10) the teacher at school who gives you career advice. Well,
Speaker 1 when I was sitting my finals at university I was having some
I first met Richard while I was at the garden centre. We were trouble in the job hunting department so I spoke to him one
both renovating our gardens and we had similar ideas about evening when he was at our house, but we ended up talking
what we wanted for our respective spaces. We ended up about a whole host of different topics and never even got to
helping each other at the weekends. It was a lot of hard work, the subject. While we were talking, I discovered that we
but we really couldn’t have done it without each other. He shared a love of bird watching. Since then, we’ve seen
taught me a lot about construction and I helped him out with some extremely rare species. He’s also introduced me to a
choosing which plants and trees would work well with his lot of other people with the same interest and one of them
space and soil. Our talents complemented each other’s and we has just offered me a job!
worked so well together that we decided to start a landscape
gardening company. I never guessed when we were working
on our little gardens it would lead to a new career.
1f – Writing
Exercise 4 (p. 12)
Speaker 2
My friends and I were doing some voluntary work in a care Linda: Hi, Suzy. Are you OK?
home as part of a school project. We did some chores Suzy: Hi, Linda. I’m alright, I’m just a bit upset. I had another
around the place, in the house and the garden, and we spent falling out with my parents.
time with the residents. That’s how I met Charlie. He doesn’t Linda: Oh no. What happened?
have any family of his own and he had no other visitors so Suzy: They were complaining about what I was wearing
after I finished volunteering I continued going to see him. He again. They made me change my dress before they would
has led such an interesting life and has so many great stories let me leave the house. I mean, why else would I be wearing
to tell. He’s been all over the world and he’s given me loads a tracksuit? They keep treating me like I’m still a small child.
of advice on where I should go for my gap year, what I’ll find They don’t seem to realise I’ve grown up. I’m almost an
and how I can fund my travels. Now I know so much more adult and I’m responsible enough to make my own
about the amazing places I’m going to visit. decisions.
Linda: I’m sorry to hear that.
Speaker 3 Suzy: It’s so frustrating. And they don’t respect my privacy
I love writing stories so my teacher encouraged me to enter either. They never knock before coming into my room and
a short story competition. I thought I would give it a go. All they always have to know where I’m going and who I’m
my family love reading my stories and my grandparents going to see. It’s exhausting dealing with everything they
have even shown them to people in their neighbourhood. want. I don’t know what I can do about it.
Would you believe it, I won the competition and on top of Linda: Maybe you have to show them they’re wrong.
that the prize was presented by Philip Coleman, one of my Suzy: How do I do that?
favourite local authors. We got to talk at the award Linda: Well, instead of being uncooperative and sullen you
ceremony and he had lots of great tips to offer me. We kept could help out around the house and let them see that
in touch and he’s become a kind of mentor to me, giving me you’re self-reliant. Why don’t you offer to do the shopping or
guidance and feedback. He’s even helped me get my work cook dinner once in a while? And make sure you keep your
published, which isn’t easy in such a cutthroat business. room tidy. That way, you’ll show them that you can take
Speaker 4 care of yourself and that you’re not a child any more. You
I went to Spain a couple of years ago on an exchange could also ask them to go with you when you shop for
programme and stayed with Carla and her family. She and I clothes. Then they could see what’s in style and what your
have a lot in common. We’re the same age and she also has peers are wearing, which would help them understand your
an older brother. I’d been to Spain a few times before I went choice in clothes.
on the exchange and I’d been trying to learn the language Suzy: That’s a good idea.
for a while but I’d never quite mastered it. Carla helped me a Linda: And you should talk to them and explain why you
lot with that and we’ve kept in touch over email and Skype need your own space and why your privacy is important to
and have been writing to each other ever since, which has you. Arguing with them isn’t going to help. I’m sure that
improved my Spanish immensely. She’s even been over to would just make things worse.
meet my family and they loved her, too, so they have no Suzy: It’s worth a try. Anything’s better than the situation at
problems with us planning to go around Europe on our gap the moment. Thanks Linda.
year together. Linda: Anytime. I hope things work out.
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2d – Listening skills Man: Don’t get me wrong, I’m not saying we shouldn’t try
new methods and find out about new innovations in
Exercise 1b (p. 22) teaching. I think it’s very important to keep updating your
Girl: What’s your first class today? style, I just don’t think their demonstration is effective. I
Boy: I’ve got Biology at 10 o’clock with Mr Galbraith so until mean, they don’t exactly practise what they preach, do
then I’m going to study in the Library. What about you? they? This is something that’s supposed to engage the
Girl: I have English first thing and I have to explain to Ms children and half the people in that room were either asleep
Jacobs what happened to my homework. or about to be. I don’t hold much stock in a training session
Boy: What did happen? Look, it’s the green man so we can that has me bored to tears.
cross now.
Extract Three
Girl: My little sister decided to use it for her art work last
Woman: You know, new technology can be really ugly.
night and drew a picture all over it. Needless to say I wasn’t
Man: What on earth do you mean by that?
very happy about it. In fact, I was really angry at the time but
Woman: Sorry, did I say that out loud? I was just thinking
I’ve calmed down now. I’m just a little nervous about what
about all the satellite dishes and solar panels and air con
Ms Jacobs is going to say.
units and TV aerials I can see out the window. I know it’s not
Boy: I’m sure it’ll be alright. Are you going to choir practice
practical to expect people to do without them. I mean, we all
after school?
have to heat our homes and entertain ourselves, but it
Girl: Of course. We have to practise for the competition. I
doesn’t look very attractive. They don’t exactly do anything
believe we’re ready and we’ll do well. I mean we’ll never be
for the city skyline, do they?
perfect but we’ll give it a good go.
Man: True, but I can’t believe you’d complain about things
Boy: So, do you want to meet there or outside the school?
like solar panels! I mean what’s the alternative? Do you want
Girl: Actually, I’m studying with Jodie in the science lab last
to go back to the days of choking smog everywhere from
period so I’ll go with her. I’ll see you there.
people burning coal fires? Isn’t it a good thing that people
Exercise 2 (p. 22) are using renewable energy in their homes? Not to mention
the positive impact it’s having on the environment. I think
Extract One
having to put up with a few eyesores is a small price to pay
Boy: This place is great!
for doing our bit for the planet. The amount of traffic in the
Girl: It sure is. Every time I come here I learn something
city is a bigger issue. That’s the element of modern living I
new. Have you been to the Wonderlab yet? There’s lots of
believe we should encourage people to do without.
interactive displays there.
Boy: Not yet, I spent most of this morning at the robot
exhibition. It was so interesting. In fact, I’d probably still be 3d – Listening skills
there if I hadn’t been so hungry. Exercise 2 (p. 34)
Girl: I know what you mean. I was going to visit the gift shop
but my stomach was rumbling so much I thought I should Interviewer: Good morning and welcome back to the show.
wait till after I had some food. The current job market is very competitive so to give any job
Boy: Are we still going to the IMAX theatre this afternoon? seekers listening a helping hand we’ve got Charles Norris, a
Girl: I don’t think we’ll have time. I’d like to see the Exploring career coach, in the studio to tell us what we can do to
Space exhibition on the ground floor and I still haven’t been stand out from the crowd. Welcome to the show, Charles.
to the robots exhibition. Charles: Thank you, it’s good to be here.
Boy: Well, there’s loads more I’d like to see so why don’t we Interviewer: Now, first off, what do you do in your role as a
come back tomorrow first thing and go to the theatre then? career coach?
Girl: Great idea. Charles: As a career coach, my job is to identify which
aspects of a client’s job-hunting skills are weak and
Extract Two empower them to take charge of their career aspirations in
Man: I don’t see the point of these in-service training days. order for them to fulfil their potential and find, and hopefully
They’re so tedious. If we don’t know how to do the job, we secure, the right position. I give them advice on their CV,
shouldn’t be here in the first place. I’d much prefer to be covering letters, online profiles and interview techniques. I
spending this time planning my lessons. also assist in job searches but I don’t find them a job. I can
Woman: Oh, I don’t know. I think they can be very useful. help them discover what it is they want, and give them the
It’s important to keep abreast of new developments. I’m tools to get it, but ultimately, they have to put in the leg work.
always looking for new ways to engage the children, get Interviewer: OK, well let’s talk a little bit about the advice
them more motivated to explore the subject and if this stuff you give clients. What would you say is necessary for a
can help, then I’m all for it. successful CV?
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Charles: Well, when talking about the CV, I think the most why you want to work for them which they will undoubtedly
important thing to remember is that it’s not complete ask. You can also search for frequently asked interview
without a covering letter. The covering letter should questions and prepare answers for them in case they come
effectively be the first page of the CV and it should tell any up. And you should always make sure that you have a
prospective employer when they read it all they need to selection of questions to ask the interviewer about the work,
know about you. The CV is there to fill in the details and give the company, anything really to show your interest.
more background information. One of the biggest mistakes Interviewer: Well, I’m afraid that’s all we’ve got time for.
that applicants make is writing a blanket covering letter and Thank you so much, Charles. I’m sure you’ve given our
CV. Because this is what employers will build their first listeners a lot to think about.
impression on, it should be tailored to the job.
Interviewer: What do you mean by that?
3e – Speaking skills
Charles: I mean that for each position you apply for you
should have a different CV and covering letter containing the Exercise 2b (p. 35)
information about you which is specifically relevant to the Interlocutor: Now I’d like you to talk about something together
job. For example, if you are applying for a job as a computer for about two minutes. You’re going to discuss the conditions
programmer in a company that uses a certain programming of certain work environments. First you have some time to look
software there’s no point in detailing your experience in a at the task. Now talk to each other about what people might
different software no matter how extensive it might be. That need to consider when working in these places. OK?
can be included as a footnote but not as a main selling point. Tonya: OK, thanks. Shall we start by talking about working
To do this, it’s a good idea to go through the job description at home?
in the advert you are replying to and see how your skills and Eric: I think that people need to consider organising their
personality fills the requirement of the position. time properly when working at home. People have flexible
Interviewer: And what about sending an email CV? Is that hours and can work when it’s convenient for them.
acceptable? Tonya: Yes, but it can be quite hard for people to keep their
Charles: Of course. Everything is online now so why not. work and home life separate. The work area must be
Actually, a person’s online presence is an important factor conducive to working productively and must be without the
when job hunting. Where the Internet was once a revolution intrusion of domestic responsibilities, sounds and
in socialising, it is now equally important when looking for a disturbances.
job. Employers will often search for applicants they are Eric: I see what you mean, that’s why a person needs to be
interested in to find more information about them so you very disciplined to work successfully from home because
should ensure that whatever they might find is suitable and it’s so easy to be distracted.
that anything inappropriate is removed. The Internet is a Tonya: OK, let’s move on to working at a construction site.
wonderful tool for today’s job-seekers. A number of my Eric: Alright. Well I imagine workers have to start quite early
clients use a business orientated networking site to find out and the job includes lots of physical labour which could be
about jobs and companies. very tiring. My granddad was a construction worker and he
Interviewer: Really? They’re that important? worked very hard.
Charles: Oh yes! They are an essential networking tool and Tonya: Yes, I see what you mean. And don’t forget that they
networking is key to finding a job. They’re also a key have to work outdoors much of the time in all kinds of weather.
resource for recruiters so it’s worth taking the time to make I imagine they have to wear safety gear such as hardhats and
sure you include key words in your profile and the details safety glasses and be exposed to hazardous equipment.
you include show what you have to offer and reflect your Eric: Yes, that’s right. Also people working on construction
personality. Especially in the headline. The headline is the sites have to be very exact in performing their work
only thing users see if they conduct a search so you have to otherwise errors can harm employees or customers.
make it count. I had a client who posted a very catchy Tonya: I agree. Shall we move on to working in a hospital?
headline and he was snapped up by a company within two Eric: Yes. In my opinion, people working there have to deal
weeks. And, of course, you can upload your CV so anyone with life and death situations on a daily basis.
reading your profile can read it if they choose. Tonya: Well for me, working in a hospital can be extremely
Interviewer: OK, now what about the all-important tiring as physicians and staff have to work irregular hours
interview? They can be a nerve wracking experience so how and do shift work. It can also be stressful as patients come
do you prepare your clients for them? and go, and every day there are new situations to deal with.
Charles: Again, research is important here. You have to find Eric: Yes, but that’s also what makes it a very satisfying
out as much information as you can about the company, place to work as hospital staff help patients recover and can
their client base and also their competitors. This is make a real difference in their lives.
especially important when it comes to the question about
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Tonya: That’s true. So, what about a laboratory? I imagine I work for one of these charities – Hearing Dogs for the Deaf.
that workers may be required to be on their feet for long We train and provide dogs to assist deaf people in their
periods of time collecting samples and running tests. everyday lives. Whether we’re talking about someone who was
Eric: I agree. I would also like to add that workers probably born deaf or became deaf, it’s hard work coping with the
have to wear protective clothing such as masks, gloves and demands of trying to communicate with the hearing world
goggles for their safety as they frequently handle harmful when you live in a world of silence. Deafness is an invisible
chemicals or materials that can produce fumes. disability that totally cuts a person off and it can be exhausting.
Tonya: Yes, it’s not an easy occupation at all. Workers need Constantly having to be alert in order to catch what people are
to be diligent performing laboratory tests in order to produce saying or what is going on around them in their social and
reliable and precise data to support scientific investigations. working relationships. It’s also very lonely and these dogs allow
Eric: Good point. What about working in a bank? them to be independent while giving them companionship.
Tonya: OK. My feeling is that workers have to maintain a In order to ensure that we get the right dog for each deaf
smart appearance and interact constantly with customers or person we carefully select the breeds that we work with. We
co-workers. Sometimes they even have to deal with also make sure the dogs are as relaxed and sociable as
unpleasant or angry customers. possible by introducing them to the world around them. They
Eric: Yes, and also they have to handle and count large visit social places i.e. shops, buses and trains with their
sums of money on a daily basis and they have to be very puppy socialising volunteer to get them used to crowds and
exact in their calculations. Any errors could cost the bank or noises and begin work with their puppy instructors.
customers money. Once the dogs have come to trust humans we focus on their
Tonya: Yes, that’s exactly what I think. soundwork, introducing them to particular sounds and
Interlocutor: Thank you. training them to alert someone to them. These sounds could
be the doorbell ringing, the receipt of a text message or a
fire alarm, all sounds that a deaf person would miss. We
4d – Listening skills
also train dogs that will be working with young mothers to
Exercise 1a (p. 46) respond to the sound of a baby crying.
1 Not every breed of dog can be an effective working We use reward based training for this. We’ve found this
dog. method of training to be very effective. It involves giving the
2 Dog breeds are chosen for their good behaviour. dogs treats and cuddles when they perform well and when
3 It is necessary for puppies to be trained before they they produce unwanted behaviour, the dogs aren’t
can be matched to their owners. punished they’re merely ignored. This prevents them from
4 The trainers never criticise or punish the dogs during becoming anxious and allows them to trust people. It’s a
their sessions. form of positive reinforcement that makes the dogs feel safe
5 The owners are very grateful for the company of the dogs. around humans and confident when performing tasks.
6 They develop a special bond with the animals You can help too. You can become a volunteer and work
throughout the partnership. with the puppies or, if you don’t have the time to spare, you
can sponsor one of the dogs … [fade]
Exercise 2 (p. 46)
Exercise 3 (p. 46)
Hi everyone. My name’s Ellie Butler and I’m here to talk to
you about the work that I do. I’m sure many of you know Speaker 1
about Guide Dogs for the Blind, the charity that trains dogs I’d tried everything to sort out my migraines. I lost count of
to assist blind people, but what a lot of you might be the number of times I’d visited the doctor, but nothing he
unaware of is that there are actually a whole host of gave me seemed to help so I guess I was a bit desperate. I
charitable institutions that train dogs to assist people with didn’t want yet another medication that would fail. It was a
different disabilities and health conditions. colleague that suggested I try acupuncture. And you know
Among these amazing animals are dogs that have an acute what, it worked! It’s not that pleasant. The needles sting
sense of smell which are trained as medical detection dogs when they’re first applied but that pain soon goes away.
to sniff out illnesses such as diabetes, and assistance dogs What I couldn’t believe was how quickly it worked. I had
which help with tasks that are difficult or too painful for almost instant relief. It’s now six months since I finished the
some people to perform such as opening or closing a door treatment and I haven’t had a migraine that whole time. It’s
or even emptying the washing machine. These working been a revelation.
dogs even have little jackets that are colour coded. You’ve Speaker 2
got yellow for guide dogs, red for medical detection dogs I’ve always been very conscious about what I put in my
and assistance dogs get a purple jacket. body. I don’t eat any processed foods, I cook all my own
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meals using fresh ingredients so I guess it’s just common by an attractive celebrity is healthy or logical, they are simply
sense that I wouldn’t want to ingest chemicals in the form of motivated by quick weight loss. In my opinion, these crash
medication when I’m ill. And a lot of these therapies have diets are too good to be true and I believe people do not
been around for millennia so they’ve stood the test of time. know all the facts. That is why I believe people should be
But you have to be careful. It’s actually quite shocking how discouraged from going on extreme diets as they might not
many disreputable practitioners there are out there. And be aware of the dangers involved. I feel that crash diets shock
some of the products on the shelves do nothing at all except the body and send it into starvation mode. The severe
part you from your money. restriction of calories deprives the body of essential nutrients
and vitamins that it needs to function properly. It is my firm
Speaker 3
belief that crash diets not only impact a person’s physical
I was under a lot of stress at work so I was originally just
health and well-being but they can also have a harsh effect on
looking for something that I could use to help me relax for a
their mental and emotional health. Because the body isn’t
while. I thought getting some soothing oils to help me wind
getting the nutrients it needs to produce energy, restricted
down after a hard day would do the trick. And it did. So
calories often leave dieters feeling hungry, irritable and tired.
much so that I decided to look into the practice of
The way I see it, these negative effects on the body, are
aromatherapy more. I was astonished to find out how many
another reason why people should avoid crash diets. Overall,
ailments and conditions it can help depending on the
I strongly believe that if people make the right food choices
combination of oils that one mixes together. I’ve even
they will be investing in their physical and mental health. I feel
started mixing some blends for my friends and colleagues.
that people should be discouraged from going on crash diets
Speaker 4 because skipping meals and strict calorie consumption are
I’m one of those unfortunate people who always seem to get not good ways to lose weight and stay healthy.
side effects from medication. When you read the patient
information leaflet that comes with your drugs, nine out of
ten times I’ll get one of the side effects listed, even one of
the rarer ones so I didn’t really have a choice. It was just Exercise 1 (p. 58)
common sense for me to try something different whenever I Interviewer: Good evening, and welcome to ‘In the Know’,
could. Of course, not everything works, but there’s an the show that’s discussing all the hot topics. Tonight we’re
astonishing variety of treatments and therapies that you can talking to Sharon Wetherby, an employee at the city farm,
try. You just have to find the right one that works with about sustainable living and renewable energy. Welcome,
whatever is ailing you. Sharon.
Speaker 5 Sharon: Thank you for having me.
A lot of people tell me that they use alternative therapy Interviewer: Why don’t you tell us, first of all, what it is you
because they don’t trust modern medicine but that’s not why do at the farm?
I use it. If there’s something wrong with me, I won’t hesitate Sharon: Well, I do a lot of things. I feed the animals, tend to
to visit my doctor. I started using non-conventional therapies the crops, help train volunteers, generally lending a hand
in an attempt to stop me getting ill so I wouldn’t have to go to anywhere I can. But I guess my core focus would be running
the doctor. But you know what, I had no idea how many of workshops on sustainable living. You know, informing
these therapies doctors use in their treatment plans until I visitors to the farm how they can lessen their impact on the
told mine about what I was doing. I was shocked, but I planet.
suppose it makes sense. After all, a lot of these treatments Interviewer: Who do you run these workshops for?
started out as medicine in the ancient world. Sharon: For anyone that wants them. They’re open to the
general public, so anyone can come in off the street to find
out about how to reduce their dependence on natural
4e – Speaking skills resources. We get people from all over the city just dropping
Exercise 2b (p. 47) by. We also do courses at businesses which focus on how
they can reduce their carbon footprint and welcome classes
In today’s world it seems to me that more and more people
on school trips. The school trips are quite popular.
are attracted to crash diets, which promise quick and easy
Interviewer: What kind of things do you cover on these
weight loss results. It appears that every so often a new diet
trips?
craze is publicised in magazines or on the best-seller lists.
Sharon: We’re all about hands-on learning. So, alongside
Most of these diets are not intended for long periods of time
the information we provide, we might introduce the children
and dieters can supposedly lose a few kilos a week. Some
to the wonders of composting or show them how we garner
celebrities actively promote these diets in the media. Dieters
energy from nature by teaching them how to build a water
may not be concerned about whether a diet plan advertised
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wheel or windmill so they can see first-hand how they work. suppose it was inevitable. I’m afraid to turn my computer on
It’s a lot of fun and they’re more likely to retain the now in case it gets corrupted and I lose everything. And I
information if they get their hands dirty than if we just sat need to use my computer. I was actually quite shocked at
them down and gave them a lot of reading to do or showed how much I rely on it. Maybe it’s a bad thing that we’ve
them a little video of the workings of the farm. become so dependent on technology, but you just can’t get
Interviewer: I imagine that would be more effective. Do you by without it these days.
also teach them about planting and growing their own food? Man: I know, luckily I’d just recently updated my anti-virus
Sharon: Not so much in the workshops. You can of course software so my system was unaffected. My friend, who
learn about that at the farm. We have a large area where we works for one of the computing giants, introduced me to a
grow organic crops and visitors are welcome to join in, but new package and it was configured to resist attacks like last
the workshops are more about learning what you can do night’s. The package I bought allows me to upload it on two
living in the city. Unfortunately, not many people are lucky different devices. If you like, I can come over tonight and
enough to have plots of land big enough to grow their own install it on your computer.
food even if they know how. It’s a shame because the food Woman: That would be great, thanks. I’d feel a whole lot
is always so much better when you grow it yourself. safer.
Interviewer: I’ll agree with you on that. I have a small herb
Man: I can’t believe you still buy a newspaper every
garden and I love using fresh herbs in my cooking. So, what
morning. I always get my news from the Internet.
else do you have on the farm?
Woman: There’s something about reading the news in print
Sharon: Well, besides the crop garden we also keep
that makes it more real to me.
animals on the farm. Now, we know that it’s not possible for
Man: Anything interesting today?
people to keep chickens and cows in their gardens at home,
Woman: Mmm, apparently they’re planning a new runway
so we sell the eggs and cheese that we churn ourselves in
at the city airport and there’s a protest being organised to
the farm shop. We also sell seasonal fruit and vegetables
oppose it. Sounds like a worthwhile cause to me. I don’t see
and plants. You could stock up your herb garden there. And
why they need a new runway. I mean the airport is already
before the end of the year we’re going to be introducing a
one of the biggest on the continent and it will have a major
fully functioning energy centre, a building dedicated to
impact on the surrounding area.
providing information about renewable energy that will
Man: While I’ve no doubt that it would have a huge impact
hopefully power the whole farm.
on people living in the area and the wildlife, and people have
Interviewer: It all sounds very interesting and a wonderful
a right to protest, I must take issue with you on your point
place to visit for all the family … [fade]
about the size of the airport. Whether you like it or not, this
is a growing city and there’s obviously a need for more
Exercise 2 (p. 58)
capacity at the airport, otherwise they wouldn’t have
Woman: I really think the school’s anti-bullying initiative is submitted plans for the runway. Anyway, here’s the menu,
starting to pay off. After a marked increase in the number of what do you fancy? Lunch is on me.
instances being reported, the level has dropped
dramatically. It’s heartening to see that the children are
feeling more confident about coming forward and it’s really 5e – Speaking skills
making a difference. I must admit that I had my doubts Exercise 2b (p. 59)
about the level of impact it would have, but I’m glad that I
Jeff: OK, well, in my opinion vandalism is a minor crime and
was wrong.
it occurs when a person intentionally damages someone
Man: There’s no doubt that one-to-one bullying has
else’s property without the owner’s permission. For
reduced a lot, but we’ve seen a worrying change in the
example, common activities of vandalism are breaking
methods of harassment that are being employed. With the
windows, scratching cars and spray painting graffiti on
increasing use of social media, there’s been a rise in the
structures. I believe the appropriate type of punishment for
cases of online bullying. What’s extremely disturbing about
offenders is to do a few hours of community work per week.
this is that it can be done anonymously so even if it’s
What do you think?
reported, there’s not much that can be done about it. It’s
Ted: I definitely agree that many crimes are minor or major
like having an itch that you can’t scratch. You know it’s
based on context – someone throwing a rock through the
there, but you’re frustrated that you can’t make it go away.
window of an abandoned building should not be treated the
Woman: Did you hear the story on the news about the same as someone throwing a rock through the window of an
cyber-attack that affected half the computer systems in the occupied home. I say this because there is often a good deal
city last night? It’s quite frightening to think that so much of disagreement as to what levels of punishment are
chaos can be caused merely by the stroke of a key, but I necessary, and what is effective as a deterrent. To my mind,
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first offenders should be punished with community service, made to a lower standard, although they do have a much
while repeat offenders should receive short periods of jail time. wider range of clothes.
Jeff: I totally agree with you. In fact, authorities should use James: What kinds of things do you buy when you go
various techniques to try to treat and rehabilitate these second-hand shopping, is it just clothes?
offenders so they don’t commit the crimes again. How Sophie: Mostly, clothes and accessories. I’ve got some
about securities fraud? lovely jewellery that I’ve picked up over the years and this
Ted: Now that’s something totally different… Securities coat was only a tenner. Plus, I bought my entire outfit for my
fraud is a serious offence. In my view, when a stockbroker cousin’s wedding last summer, even the hat. The only thing I
or investment bank provides false information to investors won’t buy is second-hand shoes. Most of the shoes that you
then the punishment should be more severe like a hefty fine. find are a bit worse for wear and I’d prefer to pay a bit more
Jeff: Yes, you’ve got a point there. Speaking for myself, I for a pair that will last.
believe that offenders should be charged very high fines, the James: So, was it just becoming a student and living on
amounts, however, should depend upon the circumstances your own that made you start sourcing cheaper alternatives
of each case. I believe that in more serious cases offenders or is there another reason you chose to forgo the
should also receive a prison sentence. mainstream shops?
Ted: I’m inclined to agree. OK, so what about murder? Sophie: I know some people choose to avoid the big chains
Jeff: In my view, murder is the most serious crime. Some on principle, their own little protest against corporate greed,
people believe that it is justifiable to inflict the death penalty but my reason for bargain-hunting was a little more selfish
on someone who has taken the life of an innocent victim. than that. I wanted to be original, and buying from a second-
However, I believe that there is never any justification for hand shop almost guarantees that there won’t be someone
putting someone to death and that the death penalty is just else out there wearing the same outfit as you.
as wrong as the murder itself. So I would say that life James: Now, you’ve been saying how wonderful these
imprisonment is the alternative. shops are but there must be some drawbacks to them, I
Ted: Yes, you’ve got a point there. I also think that mean, nothing can be that perfect, surely?
murderers should receive life imprisonment. However, some Sophie: No, of course not. I’d say that the main problem is
people say that keeping a prisoner alive behind bars for the availability of sizes. While it’s easy to find the perfect dress
rest of their existence can also be a waste of tax payer’s or the most wonderful coat, you won’t always find it in your
money. This leads to the question of whether or not people size and that’s not much use to you, is it? Some of the
who go to prison can become rehabilitated and reenter the shops can send it away for alterations for a small extra fee
world as responsible members of society. but only if it needs taking in. If it’s too small for you, then
Jeff: Yes, I see what you mean. So which two options would you’re out of luck, which can be quite frustrating.
you choose to include in your report? James: So, what advice do you have for anyone listening
Ted: Well, I think I would include securities fraud and who might be interested in giving second-hand shops a go?
murder as they are the most serious ones which impact our Sophie: Have an open mind. I know this type of shopping
lives the most. isn’t for everyone. Some people can’t get their head around
Jeff: Yes, I definitely agree. wearing something that somebody else has worn, but once
you do, it opens a whole new world of shopping to you. You
probably won’t find what you’re looking for straight away,
but the most important thing is to be patient. It may take a
Exercise 1a (p. 70) bit of hunting around, but when you find that bargain it can
James: I’m in Glasgow city centre today and right now I’m be extremely rewarding.
speaking to Sophie Dunwoody, a student of economics at the James: Well, thank you for speaking to us today, Sophie,
university. Thanks for agreeing to speak to us today, Sophie. and happy hunting.
Sophie: My pleasure. Sophie: Thanks.
James: Now, I understand you are a fan of second-hand
shops. What’s the attraction? Exercise 1b (p. 70)
Sophie: Well, as you know, the life of a student isn’t cheap. James: We’re back in the studio now and with me is Kirsty
You’ve got to pay for course fees, living expenses, books & Taggart. Kirsty runs Second Sight, a second-hand shop on
stationery and have some kind of social life, so anywhere the high street. Kirsty, welcome to the show.
you can save a little cash definitely helps. And second-hand Kirsty: Thank you.
shops tend to be cheaper than big chains or independent James: So, what inspired you to open a second-hand
boutiques. But I personally love the craftsmanship of their clothes shop?
clothes as I often find that the items in the big shops are
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Kirsty: Well, I’ve always wanted to be my own boss and I’d roof. Loads of shops as well as a cinema and food courts,
been working in retail for the last ten years. I really enjoy but I don’t like it.
interacting with customers and helping them find what they Girl: What’s not to like? I think it’s great, and you’re right, it
want so, when the shop I was working at closed down it has everything you need for a great day out. It’s really easy
seemed like the perfect time to finally open my own to get to and I love hanging out there with my friends.
business. Starting a second-hand shop is slightly easier Boy: I don’t like the effect it’s had on the city centre. I mean,
than a shop selling new merchandise because you don’t after it was built, lots of shops on the high street closed
have to worry about the new seasons’ clothes which change down and it’s taken a while for those places to fill up again.
all the time. In fact, that’s where I get a lot of my stock, from And the last time I went there I had an awful experience. I
other retail outlets selling off their out-of-date lines. went to the new aquarium with my brother – which was
James: What type of customers do you get in your shop? pretty amazing, and so big – but it took us ages to find it. I
Kirsty: All sorts. You’ve got the bargain hunters, people on just couldn’t believe what a challenge it was to get around.
a budget including students and those with young families, We couldn’t find a map anywhere in the building and the
people interested in unique or retro clothing and some signs just seemed to lead you on a wild goose chase
people that see it as a moral issue. But, whatever reason through the masses of people.
they may have for coming into the shop in the first place, we
Boy: Are you going out this weekend?
find that we have a number of repeat customers and
Girl: I don’t think so. I had to get my bike repaired last week
customer loyalty is important for a small business like mine.
so I don’t have the money to do anything else. Plus, I’m
James: So has your business been adversely affected by
trying to save for a new computer but I don’t seem to be
the recent financial troubles in the country?
making any headway. Some expense or other always seems
Kirsty: I’d say quite the opposite in fact. As people’s budgets
to come up so I never manage to put anything by. There
have been squeezed, they’ve been forced to look at areas
always seems to be something to spend it all on like
where they can cut costs, and since everyone still needs
toiletries or a gift for someone. I don’t know how other
clothes, they’ve started shopping at establishments like mine
people do it. I guess I’m just not the saving type. The more I
where your money goes a lot further. The business is doing so
try, the less I save.
well in fact that I’ve recently taken on another sales assistant.
Boy: Oh … I’m sorry, Melanie, but you should meet my
James: You mentioned earlier that you source some of your
sister, Julie, I don’t think you’d feel so bad! I don’t think
stock from other retail businesses, but where do you get the
she’s ever saved a penny in her life. She’s always broke and
rest of it?
constantly asking to borrow money. You can’t possibly be
Kirsty: Quality is always my number one concern when
as bad as her!
sourcing merchandise. Especially when buying second-hand
Girl: Well, no. It doesn’t sound like it. I might not be able to
clothes for resale you have to ensure that they will last. I
save much but I don’t borrow from other people.
wouldn’t get many customers coming back if the clothes fell
apart after a few washes, so I have to take care where I look
for stock, but finding it isn’t a problem. I find flea markets and 7d – Listening skills
car boot sales to be a great source. The Internet can also be a
Exercise 1 (p. 82)
good place but there you take your chances. Not being able
to handle the goods means you can’t be certain of the quality. Hi everyone, my name’s Poppy Montgomery and I recently
James: So, what do you do with your surplus items? Do you returned from the trip of a lifetime following in the footsteps
recycle them or donate them? of the famous explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton. Now, some of
Kirsty: I don’t often have much waste. Most things go in the you might be familiar with his travels, but for those of you
sale, but when I am left with items I donate them to a local that aren’t, he made 4 attempts to reach the South Pole
homeless shelter. I’ve also started upcycling items by making and, though he didn’t achieve his personal goal of becoming
them into something else, such as turning an old shirt into a the first to reach the pole, he is widely known for his heroic
peg bag or making a reusable grocery bag out of a T-shirt. I actions which led to the safe return of the entire crew on his
think that’s much preferable to them ending up in a landfill. third expedition when their ship became trapped in the sea
James: That’s great! You’re doing your bit for the ice.
environment and giving back to the community … [fade] Now, we didn’t have to worry about anything like that,
thankfully. Our ship was well equipped to deal with the
Exercise 2 (p. 70) treacherous waters and the crew were all experienced
Girl: A few of us are going to the mall this weekend. Would sailors who had made this trip a number of times. After our
you like to come? flight from Argentina’s capital and one of the most beautiful
Boy: No, thanks. I’m not that keen on the Mall. I mean I can cities I’ve seen, Buenos Aires, to Ushuaia, the world’s
see why some people love it. It’s got everything under one southernmost city, we set out on our expedition.
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I was travelling with a number of other students and Speaker 2
scientists including marine biologists and geologists who I was camping with some friends and we had set up our tent
were a wealth of information when it came to the amazing in a little clearing. Everything was fine until the wind started.
wildlife and epic unspoilt landscapes. We were also in the It was strong at first but then it was an unbearable force. We
company of some award-winning photographers who were sought shelter in the tent which was properly secured and
there to gather underwater shots of marine mammals but was durable enough to withstand the onslaught of the gales.
were more than willing to take the time to give us pointers What we hadn’t considered in our hurry to shield ourselves
on our amateur pictures of everything from the penguins on inside the tent was what would happen to the campfire. The
the beach to the calving icebergs. wind must have whipped up the flames and blown them right
Speaking of the wildlife, you’ve no idea the amazing things onto the canvas. We were lucky the whole tent didn’t go up
we saw. On Petermann Island we came across gentoo with us in it. It’s important to keep an eye out for dangers. I
penguins who seemed to be forming a welcoming guess we should have set the fire further away from the tent.
committee along the coast and in the water they seemed to
Speaker 3
me like an intricate display team swimming around.
With sailing you try to be fully prepared and take every
We saw everything from king penguins and elephant seals to
precaution. But even the most experienced sailors can get
colonies of albatrosses and majestic whales gliding through
caught out by the weather. We had checked the forecast and
the crystal clear water. I think most of the people on board
had the proper provisions and safety equipment on board.
were hoping to capture a whale breaching the water but I
We were well prepared, but no matter how prepared you are
wanted a shot of a penguin diving off the ice into the water.
it doesn’t count for much unless you know what to do if you
Actually, that’s when I had my most memorable moment. I
get into a serious situation. When the storm hit I was very
was waiting to take my picture when another one of these
impressed by how we handled ourselves. We came together
amazing birds just ambled up to me and stuck its face right
as a team and battled against the forces of nature to get to
in my camera lens. It was a surreal moment. The penguin
safety. I guess what I’m saying is that you shouldn’t push
had no fear of me. It just looked at me for a moment before it
yourself too far and venture out further than you can handle.
waddled away to the water’s edge. The worst thing about it
was that no one was paying attention so nobody else saw it. Speaker 4
The entire trip was an immense success. We managed to study I decided to go for a surprise visit to my grandparents’
the wildlife and take readings from the icebergs and glaciers. house. I knew the weather was bad but I had no idea what I
We collected a lot of data that we will be analysing when we was about to drive into, or not drive out of as it turned out. I
return to class not to mention taking enough pictures to fill an got stuck in a snowdrift. Luckily, the people from a nearby
exhibition hall. In fact, we’re planning to make a presentation to farmhouse had seen the lights of my car and came to
an assembly when we get back, which should be fun. investigate. I was so relieved that I was able to seek shelter
The only bad point of the trip was half-way through when in their house until the worst of it was over; I was so happy
the weather turned bad. Luckily, we were moored at the to be somewhere warm and out of the storm. The moral of
time. I think it would have been a lot worse had we been this story is you must always let people know where you are
sailing or on an excursion. It meant that we had to spend a going and, maybe more importantly, always have a way to
day holed up on the boat while a storm raged around us and contact the emergency services.
waves battered the boat. It was quite nerve-wracking but it
Speaker 5
only lasted one day and then the sun came out again and
We’d been looking forward to our camping trip for a while.
we were able to resume our activities.
We picked a spot that was surrounded by hills to shelter us
from the wind with a little stream running close by. We were
Exercise 2 (p. 82)
confident we’d thought of everything. The only thing we
Speaker 1 hadn’t done was check the latest weather forecast. It had
I don’t think I’ve ever been so scared in my life, and I’m still been beautiful sunny weather for weeks and the long range
not sure how it all happened. We were enjoying a rigorous forecast had said it would continue but a more recent one
hike in the mountains. One minute, the weather was glorious that we didn’t see warned of a cold snap. And we got caught
just like the forecast had said, then the next it all changed. It out. We didn’t have the right clothing and it was freezing. We
was that quick! Thank goodness we were all kitted out ended up having to cut our trip short which was really
properly and had the right gear and we were experienced disappointing. That’s why you need up-to-date information.
enough to be able to find shelter to wait it out. We’d also
notified the proper authorities of our route in case the worst
happened. That’s why you should always be ready for any
eventuality. You never know when the weather might close
in on you as it did to us.
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7e – Speaking skills 8d – Listening skills

Exercise 3 (p. 83) Exercise 1 (p. 94)
Interlocutor: What are some advantages of living in a Good morning everyone. My name is Diane Chambers. For
remote area? those of you who decide to come here and have opted to
Candidate: Living in a remote area has advantages. Firstly, study the directing specialism, I will be one of your tutors. I
the air is cleaner and there is less pollution. That is due to also cover the compulsory classes on adapting to the age of
the fact that there are no industries contaminating the social media so we will all get to know each other very well
atmosphere and no traffic as well. Another advantage is over the next three years. Now, today we are not splitting
living close to nature. You are free to admire the you up into your specialisms because we will teach you your
breathtaking landscapes such as huge meadows, peaceful subject in your first year alongside each of the other roles so,
hills or forests. You can go walking or hiking in the forest I’m going to introduce you to all the facilities we have here so
and pick mushrooms. Moreover, the crime rate is you are familiar with each and every one of them. First, you’ll
substantially lower. Burglaries are rare because the areas see our television studio. It is equipped with three cameras, a
are so sparsely populated. production gallery and a green screen for use with CGI in
Interlocutor: What are some of the disadvantages to living both your television and film productions. As I said, in your
in the countryside? first year here you will get to know all the positions in a
Candidate: Well, I believe weather can be a huge drawback production and to that end, part of your practical experience
when it comes to living in the countryside. In some parts of in the studio will include alternating between the different
the country, the winters bring blizzards and you may find jobs giving you a taster of what everyone does while
that you may be snowed in. Also spring brings torrential producing a programme. You’ll even get to experience what
rains and flooding. Though some country roads are paved, it’s like to be the talent in front of the camera.
many are still dirt or gravel. Another drawback is the lack of I’ll also show you our editing suites which are kitted out with
entertainment options. When you live in the country there state-of-the-art equipment and use industry standard
aren’t many interesting things to do during your free time. software. We want you to experience as closely as possible
Also, the unemployment rate is much higher in the what it’s like when you are out there in the competitive field
countryside compared to the cities and wages are lower. It of film production and as such we use much of the same
is more difficult for people to find well paid jobs in the rules as the industry. Each production will be given a finite
countryside. time allotment in the suites and you must stick to it or it will
Interlocutor: How is climate change impacting weather cost your production. No professional editor would ever be
related events? late because that would cost time and money so we never
Candidate: In my opinion, global climate change has expect to see the suites empty during post-production. The
already had observable effects on the environment. I believe same applies to the equipment hire. You will be given
global warming is causing intense heat waves, heavy credits and you will be expected to pick up and return the
downpours and flooding. What’s more, glaciers have equipment on time. Failure to do so will result in a lifting of
shrunk, polar ice caps are melting and animals are losing privileges for the team, even if it doesn’t impact on
their natural habitats. I believe this intensification of weather availability for another team. I know it sounds strict but it’s
and climate extremes will be the most visible impact of designed to prepare you for the real world.
global warming in our everyday lives. At the moment, our third-year students are getting ready for
Interlocutor: How can extreme weather conditions affect a their end-of-year show and have already set up some of
country’s economy? their displays for the exhibition. After the tour, which should
Candidate: There is no doubt that extreme weather can take about one hour, some of you might like to take half an
have profound effects on national economies. For instance, hour or so to wander round the exhibits and get a taster of
severe storms prevent many workers from being able to go what our students produce here. You won’t be able to see
to their jobs and can result in a significant loss of any of the films but they are displaying all their pre-
productivity and revenues for the duration of the extreme production work. I’m sure any of the teams setting up will be
weather. What’s more, consumer activity is usually happy to answer any questions you might have about the
impacted by extreme weather events. Not many people are course and what it’s like to study here. It’s good to get
browsing and shopping during storms or snowfall. Thus information from the perspective of the students and not
there are often massive losses in retail sales. Finally, towns just me or any of the other tutors you will speak to during
and cities have to deal with the costly damages arising from the tour. [fade]
extreme weather conditions. Snow removal and repair
efforts can cost a lot of money. So communities have to
prepare a budget for weather related disasters.
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Exercise 2 (p. 94) Candidate: Well, I believe art is about self-expression
Curator: My name is Bob Stevens, and I’m the senior curator because the artist feels strongly about something and wants
here at the Rampard Art Gallery, welcome. Now, before you to express their ideas in a form that they and others can
start your training I just wanted to give you a little information come to terms with. Through their work, artists communicate
about the set up here and give you a few pointers about what ideas to the public or provoke emotions and move people by
we’re expecting from you. In case you didn’t know, all the making them happy or sad. At the same time the public is
works of art in the gallery are produced by local artists. So if given pleasure as they are entertained by different art forms.
anyone asks, we don’t feature anything from outside the Interlocutor: What qualities are needed to create beautiful art?
county, except at the till where we have some books about art Candidate: Well, knowing the difference between good and
in general. On that note, while you’re working you will no doubt bad art can be difficult. For me, beauty in art is and will
be confronted with questions from the public. If you don’t always be in the eye of the beholder. So, I’m either
know the answer, don’t guess, point them in the direction of captivated by a piece of art or not. Nevertheless, art can be
me or the assistant curator. Having said that, if you do receive evaluated based on certain characteristics. For instance,
a question that you don’t know the answer to, please speak to technical skill is the most comparable and measurable
us after the customer has gone for us to give you the aspect of art. As you look at a painting or any other work of
information so you will be prepared for the next time. All of the art you probably will be able to determine how skillfully it was
art work that’s on display is for sale and as such each piece is created. Also, creating art is time consuming and
subject to copyright. It’s for this reason that we do not allow challenging. It takes a lot of effort and concentration from an
ANY photography, even if it’s taken without a flash. Customers artist, so that the work doesn’t have mistakes or move away
can purchase postcard sized replicas of the paintings instead. from what the artist wanted to put across. This is important
Guard 1: Sorry to interrupt, but what if a member of the because if the artist’s intention is one thing, the art shouldn’t
public is using their mobile phone to take pictures? say something else. In my view, the artist’s statement should
Curator: It doesn’t matter how they’re taking them, it’s not deepen and strengthen the viewer’s understanding of the art.
allowed. There are signs around the gallery but people Interlocutor: What are some different types of art forms?
sometimes either don’t notice them or disregard them. If you Candidate: Well, there are visual art forms. These are
do catch someone, you just have to politely point this fact out conveyed when artists use paint or canvas or various
to them and 9 times out of 10 they won’t cause a problem. materials to create physical or static art objects that you can
Guard 2: What about that one in ten? see. These include painting, sculpture, photography, and
Curator: We do get the odd visitor who might claim they’re films. The language of the visual arts is feeling: emotion,
talking on their phone when they’re clearly taking pictures but if intuition and ideas without words through paintings,
they ignore your warnings and you have any problems, again drawings and other forms. There are also performing art
point them in my direction. Another thing you have to watch out forms where artists use their voices and bodies to convey
for is people touching the pictures. We don’t allow that either. artistic expression. These include dance, music, opera,
You need to be especially vigilant when there are children in the theatre, and puppetry. These are specialised forms of fine art
gallery. We had one incident in the past where the mother of a which the artists perform live to an audience often adapting
small boy was not paying attention to him even after being their appearance with costumes and make up. Whereas
repeatedly asked to and while the guard was distracted by visual arts rely on expressive form and content to convey
another customer the child defaced one of the paintings. meaning, performance art forces viewers to engage with a
Guard 1: What happened? real person who could feel fear and pain just like them.
Curator: Well, our policy here is ‘you break it, you bought Interlocutor: How does digital art differ from traditional art?
it’, so the lady in question had to part with the cost of the Candidate: In my opinion, traditional art uses older
painting. Needless to say, she wasn’t pleased. Another methods for creating artwork, such as pens, brushes, clay
incident involved a young boy who was clearly bored, and and other tools. As far as I’m concerned digital art is based
not happy about being in the gallery, leaning on the head of on the traditional concept but it also involves new factors
a statue only for the head to fall off. Luckily, we were able to such as computer graphics which take art to another level.
reattach the head so no real harm was done but I don’t think The digital art experience has also been extended by
he’ll ever touch an exhibit again because he went bright red advanced tools that simulate the artist’s work on paper.
when everyone turned and saw what had happened. [fade] These tools help the artist to feel the same effect of
traditional tools. While digital art does not provide the
texture and volume that traditional forms do, it is easier to
8e – Speaking skills edit and allows artists to utilise the latest tools that provide
Exercise 3 (p. 95) totally new creative experiences.
Interlocutor: What is the purpose of art?
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IELTS Practice Test 1 A: Well, the dance usually starts at 2 o’clock on Saturday
afternoon, but this week it starts at 3 o’clock and goes
You will hear a number of different recordings and you on until 6 o’clock. Do you know where Freckleton Hall
have to answer questions on what you hear. There will is?
be time for you to read the instructions and you will have B: Yes. It’s just off Church Street near the village square,
a chance to check your answers. The recordings will be isn’t it?
played only once. The test is in four sections. Write all A: That’s right. Will you be coming by car?
your answers in your test book. At the end of the test B: Yes. We’ll be travelling in two cars on the day. Is
you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to parking available?
a special answer sheet. A: Yes. The hall has its own car park but there’s a charge
Now turn to Section 1. of one pound per hour for parking. It used to be two
Section 1 pounds but we decided to lower it.
In this section, you will hear someone asking for B: It’s three pounds per car for the whole evening. That’s
information about a dance hall. First you will have some fine. Can you tell me about the social dancing? Do you
time to look at questions 1 to 6. have a wide variety of dances?
(pause for 30 seconds) A: I think it’s fair to say we include all the main dances.
You will see that there has been an example written for Waltz, fox trot, tango, rumba. So it’s a mix of both Latin
you. On this occasion only the conversation relating to and ballroom dances.
the example will be played first. B: Great. That’s just what we enjoy. Well, I think that
covers all the information I need for Saturday.
A: Good morning – Mary Jones speaking, how can I help
you? Before the conversation continues you have some time
B: Yes. Hello. I’d like to speak to someone about the tea to read questions 7 to 10.
dances in Freckleton Hall, please. (pause for 20 seconds)
A: I’m in charge of the tea dances. What would you like to Now listen carefully and answer questions 7 to 10.
know? B: I saw in your advertisement that you also need
B: Ah, good. Some friends and I were wondering if it volunteers to help out at the dances. Could you tell me
would be possible to make a group booking for this a bit more about that? I have another friend who’s
Saturday. expressed an interest.
The girl says she wants to make a booking for Saturday, A: As you probably know, the proceeds from the tea
so Saturday has been written in the gap in the example. dance go towards the local children’s charity. So we
Now we will begin. You should answer the questions as always need volunteers willing to donate cakes and
you listen as you will not hear the recording a second homemade sandwiches and people who can come and
time. lend a helping hand at the event.
Listen to the first part of the conversation carefully and B: Right. My neighbour is a dab hand at baking and would
answer questions 1 to 6. like to donate a cake to the event. She can also come
and help out in the kitchen as well.
A: Yes, we do accept group bookings. How many people A: That would be very useful. We need people to help put
are in your group? sandwiches and cakes on plates and we need help
B: There are 6 of us all together. That’s 3 couples for the with washing up, too.
dancing. So can you tell me what packages you have B: I’m sure she’ll enjoy any task you give her. I’ll tell her
on offer? she’ll be needed on Saturday then.
A: If you’d like to have a table on the dance floor and be A: Fantastic. Could you give me her name and phone
served sandwiches and cakes with a pot of tea then number so I can contact her with details?
the price will be ten pounds per head, unless you’re B: Yes. Her name is Carol Weekes. I’ll spell that for you.
students, then it’s five pounds per head. C-A-R-O-L W-E-E-K-E-S.
B: I see. We’re not students, so will it be 60 pounds for the A: Got that. And her phone number is?
group with tea and dancing included? B: 280 318 6780. But you’ll need to call her after 12 today
A: That’s right. Of course, you can have the option of not as I know she’s not at home till then.
booking your own table and simply ordering a pot of A: No problem. I’ll call her after lunchtime.
tea when you’re here but you might not get seating. B: OK. Great. Thanks for all your help.
B: No, no. We’ll take a table for 6 with tea. Now, about the A: My pleasure. Goodbye.
times. B: Bye now.
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That is the end of Section 1. You will have half a minute (pause for 20 seconds)
to check your answers. Now listen carefully and answer questions 15 to 20.
(pause for 30 seconds)
The costs are as follows: A family or a group ticket for up to
Now turn to Section 2.
five people costs 35 pounds and includes refreshments at
Section 2 the café in Poulton as well as transfer by minibus back to
You will hear a recorded message about coastal walks. Hoxton. A single adult is 9 pounds fifty. Children under the
First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14. age of 12, students in possession of a student card and
(pause for 30 seconds) seniors are charged at 5 pounds per head.
Now listen carefully to the first part of the message and Although the walk is quite long, it is not particularly
answer questions 11 to 14. strenuous and should not be problematic for anyone
reasonably fit. It is not, however recommended for children
Thank you for calling the Hoxton Coastal Walking Tour
under the age of 7 or anyone with more than light mobility
phoneline. This is a recorded message with information for
problems. Bookings can be made online via our website :-
those wishing to join our daily coastal walks along the cliffs
HoxWalksdotcom, or over the phone by calling: 218 244
of the South Hoxton coast. The recorded message lasts
6243 during office hours of 9 am to 5 pm, weekdays only.
approximately four and a half minutes and is charged at
You can turn up at the starting point of the walk to pay cash
normal phone rates.
on the day but there is no guarantee that there will be places
The South Hoxton coast is an area of outstanding natural
on the walking tour if not pre-booked. This is especially true
beauty and has long been a major attraction in the area for
during the high season months of July and August.
tourists, day trippers and ramblers. Due to the popularity of
It is advisable that those wishing to join the tour ensure they
the coastal cliff paths and in order to help ensure that
have suitable clothing and equipment for a long walk in the
visitors get to enjoy the full experience of the area, Hoxton
countryside. Our advice is that walkers wear sturdy walking
Local Authority has established daily walks throughout the
shoes. It’s also a good idea to have an anorak with a hood in
summer season from April to October. The aim of the
case of bad weather. A hat and sunscreen is also
initiative is to ensure walkers learn about the ecology of the
recommended as walkers will be outdoors for many hours
area – what plant and animal life inhabit the coastal region –
during the hot part of the day. Please bring water with you.
and to help educate visitors about the environmental impact
You might also want to bring an energy snack such as dried
of tourism on fragile environments.
fruit and nuts or a bar of chocolate. Hiking sticks or Nordic
Tours are lead by a guide with extensive knowledge of local
walking sticks are not necessary but those who use them
history as well as knowledge of the plant and animal life of
can bring them on the walk.
the region. There are two tours per day during the walking
The scheduled walking tours take place in all but the very
season. There is one early morning tour beginning at 7 am
worst storm weather conditions. Light rain does not result in
and one beginning at midday. They last for four hours,
cancellation of walks. However, if you have booked a walk
which includes sight-seeing at local monuments en route as
and the weather is forecast to be bad and you do not wish
well as refreshment breaks. The first stage of the tour begins
to take part you may have a full refund if you cancel 24
in the main square of the town by the fishing port. The route
hours in advance.
up to the cliff coastal path takes in the old part of the town
Anyone needing further information can come to the Town
and the guide will give the history of some of the buildings
Hall on weekdays.
and their importance to the area. The second stage starts at
Thank you for calling and we hope to see you on one of our
the trailhead of the coastal path and skirts the edge of local
walking tours in the near future.
farms and gives walkers the opportunity to enjoy the bracing
sea air and stunning vistas over the cliffs. The next stage That is the end of Section 2. You will have half a minute
begins at a scheduled stop at the 18th century fort of St to check your answers.
Jude’s, which was used to repel invaders to the region. The (pause for 30 seconds)
walk continues along the cliff path with many interesting Now turn to Section 3.
plants along the way and a large number of different kinds Section 3
of bird life. Finally, stage 4 consists of a stop for
You will hear a conversation between two colleagues
refreshments in the village of Poulton where walkers can
about improving their company’s efficiency.
explore the town centre and then be transferred back to
First you will have some time to look at questions 21 to
Hoxton by minibus or continue on their way with their own
26.
arrangements.
Before the message continues you now have some time Now listen carefully to the conversation and answer
to read questions 15 to 20. questions 21 to 26.
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Paula: Hello, I’m Paula Radley. Come in and sit down. Paula: So you’d want an analyst for each department? That
Thanks for coming to see me. would be 4 people all together, working on Resources,
Aslan: I’m Aslan Khan. I was told you need my help. Production, Sales and Distribution. OK. That makes sense.
Paula: Yes, indeed I do. As I’m sure you’re aware, the
You now have some time to read questions 27 to 30.
company has come under new management and the new
owners are keen to expand the business over the coming
Now listen carefully and answer questions 27 to 30.
months and this means all our departments are going to be
scrutinised and overhauled to make the company more Aslan: Right then. For a start, I’m going to need
efficient and promote growth. authorisation to go into each department in order to
Aslan: I see. And where do I come into this, right now? examine their working practices and how they’re utilising
Paula: Well, as a systems analyst, I need you to look into their management tools and systems.
each of our departments and identify their strengths and Paula: I can see to it that you get authorisation. Senior
weaknesses and determine how they may need altering in management has given me the go ahead to get things
order to facilitate our expansion into overseas markets. moving, so I will get them to sign off on the necessary
Aslan: OK. Is there anything you want me to look at paperwork.
specifically? Aslan: Then I think the next step would be to call a meeting
Paula: I want you to look at the efficiency and productivity in with the department heads so they can be briefed.
each department. So, is the organisation running as Paula: I’ll have my secretary set that up and I’ll email you
smoothly as possible or can it be streamlined? Do we have with the details when I’ve got everyone together. Anything
all the necessary IT systems in order to expand? else?
Aslan: That shouldn’t be too difficult but I’ll need to know Aslan: Yes, I’ll need a systems report from each head to
how much the company is going to expand its business in help me collate the information I need.
order to assess what other systems we might need to put in Paula: OK. Good.
place. Aslan: And then I’ll submit a full proposal to senior
Paula: Well, the new owners are making some hefty management on recommendations for system changes.
investments so the target is to expand the company’s Paula: Right. I think that wraps this meeting up for the time
output and profits by 25% in the coming year. Which being.
obviously means each department will have a greater Aslan: OK. I’ll speak to you soon.
workload.
That is the end of Section 3. You will have half a minute
Aslan: Is there going to be an increase in personnel hiring to
to check your answers.
go with the expansion?
Paula: Probably not. My understanding is that the current
workforce will need to be more efficient and that we may
need to improve our IT systems rather than look at new Section 4
hirings. We should be grateful that redundancies aren’t on You will hear a lecture about the origins of the marathon
the cards. At least they aren’t downsizing. race.
Aslan: It may not be possible to do everything you want First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
with the current systems we have in place. If there’s to be a (pause for 40 seconds)
significant increase in output for the company, the systems Now listen carefully to the talk and answer questions 31
for organising the business, orders and distribution could be to 40.
put under a lot of strain. This is quite a complex revision of Hello and welcome. Today I’m going to talk about the
the system. history and origins of the marathon as an Olympic, and
Paula: I understand that. Do you believe our current ultimately, a recreational sport.
systems will be unable to cope? The marathon is quite interesting in historical terms
Aslan: I won’t know without analysing the whole thing in line because, although it does have its origins in Ancient Greece,
with the new information but I would suspect that it might it was not an ancient Olympic sport. Running in the ancient
make more economic sense to start afresh with a new Olympics did not exceed four or five kilometres as the
system from scratch. longest distance. The original Olympic races were based on
Paula: My main issue at the moment is time. How fast can running one or two lengths of the stadium, which was 185
you work on this? metres long. Relays made for longer races. So, what is the
Aslan: If I have a team so that we can work on the project relationship of the modern sport to the ancient world? The
together, we can split up the work and see how we can answer is not to be found in the stadiums of ancient Greece
expand the system, it will be much faster. We can but in its battlefields. One of the quickest means of getting
accomplish quite a bit in weeks rather than months.
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information to different parts of Ancient Greece was not by allowed to compete in a marathon in the Olympics.
men on horseback, who would often be slowed by the As in all running sports, the marathon is a quest for speed
difficult mountainous terrain but with the use of ‘day and the current World Record stands at 2 hours, 2 minutes
runners’. They were soldiers capable of running great and 57 seconds, less than three minutes from a sub-two-
distances over the length of a whole day, often completing hour marathon. In order to break the barrier of running a
200 km in that time. These runners were used by generals to marathon in under two hours, the athlete would have to
relay information back to leaders in Athens or other Greek maintain a speed of four minutes and thirty-five seconds per
States. mile for the twenty six point two miles of the race. An
The idea for the marathon itself comes from the legend of incredible feat that requires not only strength and endurance
Pheidippides, a day runner who was tasked first with but the near super human ability to use oxygen and the
running from Marathon to Sparta and back and then body’s glycogen energy stores at the optimum level.
immediately on to Athens to relay the information that the Although the barrier may seem to be tantalisingly close, in
tiny Greek army had defeated the mighty Persians in the terms of human ability - it’s still a long way off. Breaking that
Battle of Marathon. It is said that on arrival in Athens, barrier is now the focus of both the sporting and scientific
Pheidippides managed to exclaim ‘We are the victors’ and worlds, as athletes and scientists try to discover just what it
promptly expired on the spot. There is no definitive proof is that can make a human body surpass what would seem
that Pheidippides ever existed, nor that any such to be its natural abilities. But then no one believed that the
undertaking was completed to inform leaders of the victory. four-minute mile barrier would be broken until Roger
But the story has come down to us through the ages from Bannister did it, either.
Greek and Roman writers and enchanted the organisers of
That is the end of Section 4. You now have half a minute
the first modern Olympics that was held in Athens in 1896.
In order to establish the modern Olympics as a world-wide
(pause for 30 minutes)
sporting event the organisers wanted to introduce a sport
That is the end of the Listening Test.
that would hark back to the glory of ancient Greece but also
be an exciting modern sport. Thus, the idea for the You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to
marathon as a sport was born. The first ever Olympic the Listening answer sheet.
marathon was won by Spyridon Louis, a Greek postman (pause for 10 minutes)
and water carrier. He completed the race in 2 hours and 58 Please stop writing.
minutes.
IELTS Practice Test 2
In the past one hundred and twenty years, the sport has
grown massively not only as an elite sport but as one that You will hear a number of different recordings and you
attracts ever growing numbers of amateur athletes who have to answer questions on what you hear. There will
often compete to a very high standard. Where it was once be time for you to read the instructions and you will have
seen as unusual to have completed a marathon, it is no a chance to check your answers. The recordings will be
longer viewed as a huge feat. Many amateur runners played only once. The test is in four sections. Write all
complete the distance in under three hours and there are your answers in your test book. At the end of the test
also growing numbers of elderly marathon runners in their you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to
60s, 70s and 80s. a special answer sheet.
In light of just how popular Marathon running now is with Now turn to Section 1.
people of all ages, it’s worth reflecting that women were
Section 1
excluded from the sport at elite levels until fairly recently.
In this section, you will hear someone asking for
Although women have long competed in a wide variety of
information about a running club. First you will have
Olympic sports, for decades this did not include the
some time to look at questions 1 to 5.
marathon. The first recorded time for a woman running a
marathon was for the British athlete Violet Piercy in 1926.
You will see that there has been an example written for
However, it wasn’t until the late 60s that women began to
you. On this occasion only the conversation relating to
campaign for inclusion in the sport at the highest levels. In
the example will be played first.
1967 Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to run with
an official number in the prestigious Boston Marathon. Her A: Hello. Layton Harriers Running Club. How can I help
inclusion was due to a clerical oversight and officials tried, you?
unsuccessfully, to remove her from the track on the day. B: Hi. Um, yes. I was calling about applying for
Women were first officially included in the Boston Marathon membership. Are you still taking new members?
in 1972. It took another twelve years before women were A: Absolutely. There’s no limit to who can apply or when. I
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can fill out a membership application for you now. Hold B: Yes I do. I try to enter as many races as possible but
the line for a minute. (pause for 3 seconds) Right. Here obviously I usually only do one or two full marathons in
we are. So can I start with your name please? a year.
B: It’s Kate Holmes. A: I see. Do you have any issues with injuries?
B: I’ve had some issues with my knees but they’re better
The girl says her name is Kate, so Kate has been written
now. I had 3 months of physio and the doctor says I’m
in the gap in the example.
fit enough to start running again and I don’t have any
Now we will begin. You should answer the questions as
other injury problems.
you listen as you will not hear the recording a second
A: OK. If the doctor has given you a clean bill of health,
time.
that’s fine with us.
Listen to the first part of the conversation carefully and
B: Yes, he has.
answer questions 1 to 5.
A: Great. Right. Do you have any targets you are aiming
A: Kate. OK. Got that. And do you spell your surname H- for by joining the club?
O-M-E-S? Is that right for Homes? B: Indeed, I do. I’m trying to aim for a full marathon
B: No. Actually there’s a silent ‘L’ in there so it’s spelt H- personal best of under 3 hours. At the moment I’m
O-L-M-E-S. Holmes. stuck at just over 3 hours. 3 hrs and 59 seconds to be
A: Ah. Right you are. Ok. H-O-L-M-E-S. Got it. So, could precise. So I’m hoping that some decent coaching will
you give me your date of birth as well please? help me to break that 3 hour barrier.
B: Yes, it’s 22/05/1983. A: Well, I think you’ll find the coaching here is excellent so
A: 22/05/1983. Good. Now, would you like a full if you put in the work the coach asks for, I’m sure you’ll
membership for the year or would you prefer to sign up get to a sub three hour marathon time.
for a trial period? You can sign up for a month’s trial B: I hope so.
period and if you decide to stay on you’ll pay the A: Could you tell me about your job situation? What is
remaining fee to take you up to the full price for a year your current employment?
or you can sign up for the full year now. B: I’m a personal assistant to the managing director of a
B: I’d like to go for the trial period first of all. Let’s see how marketing firm.
it goes first. A: That sounds interesting! Just let me get that down. OK.
A: Right. That’s fine. Here at the club we have two So to wrap up, could you tell me how you heard about
coaches. One for morning training sessions and one for us? Was it a recommendation from someone you
evening sessions. We also have a gym room and a know, or did you find our website?
sauna. I need to know if you’ll want coaching in the B: It was neither of those. I actually saw a runner at one of
morning or evening. the race meetings I attended wearing your club T-shirt
B: I’ll be attending the evening sessions after work. and he was such a brilliant runner that I thought
A: OK. And will you want to use the gym? perhaps it would be good for me to get some club
B: Yes. But just at weekends. coaching too. So, basically it was advertising via a
A: Right. So. You’ll pay 40 pounds for the month’s trial runner wearing your T-shirt and being such a good
period and then, if you decide to join for the rest of the athlete that alerted me to you.
year you’ll pay a further 440 pounds to bring you up to A: That’s fantastic. Well, we look forward to meeting you
the full membership fee of 480 pounds. in person sometime this week then.
B: Yes. I understand. B: Yes, I’ll pop along for my first session this evening.
A: Wonderful. See you then. Bye.
Before the conversation continues you have some time
B: Bye.
to read questions 6 to 10.
(pause for 20 seconds) That is the end of Section 1. You will have half a minute
Now listen carefully and answer questions 6 to 10. to check your answers.
A: OK. I’ve got the details I need for processing your
application but do you mind if I ask a couple of
questions for our records? Section 2
B: Not at all. You will hear an announcement about a community
A: Could you tell me the distances you train for in centre. First you have some time to look at questions 11
running? to 14.
B: 10k, half marathon and full marathon. (pause for 30 seconds)
A: Do you train regularly for races at these distances? Now listen carefully to the first part of the
announcement and answer questions 11 to 14.
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Good morning and welcome to this week’s meeting at they will be and what they’re expected to do. As campers
Gorstang Community Centre, which will be the final one come in they will need to be directed to a camping spot. I’ll
before the Gorstang Summer Festival that starts on Friday in leave that to you Tom, and watch out, they may try to take
three days’ time. I know everyone has been rushed off their more space than they’ve been allocated, we’ve had
feet since the Book Festival only finished a week ago and problems with that in the past. That leaves Penny in charge
we have the hiker’s group lunch in the community hall of the stage area and Fiona to work the main site with the
tomorrow but we still have a lot of work to do to get stalls and refreshment areas. Everyone will be issued with
everything ready for Friday. The advertising campaign this walkie-talkies so any problems that arise you’ll be able to
year has worked very well because we have a large number communicate with whoever you need to talk to. As ever, I
of pre-bookings for the events. This tells me that the festival will be at my post in the main information tent, where the
is building up a good reputation in the region. However, that main first-aid station is as well, and I’ll be coordinating all
doesn’t mean we should rest on our laurels. And of course, operations from there.
we won’t know how many visitors will turn up until the
You now have some time to read questions 18 to 20.
weekend because quite a lot of people just turn up on the
day. So we need to ensure we are prepared for large
numbers even if they don’t all materialise. If we aim to
Now listen carefully and answer questions 18 to 20.
accommodate ten thousand people, then we’ll cope with 5
Some general instructions. Once people start coming in on
thousand if that’s the number that turn up over the
Friday afternoon things can quickly get quite hectic so
weekend. Of course numbers may fluctuate over the
everyone will have to be on the ball. The main thing in the
weekend as well if people come for the day rather than
first few hours is to get everyone moving through the gate
staying the whole weekend. So I think we’ll have around 3½
and either into the camping field or onto the main site. The
thousand people on site during each of the days.
last thing we want is a logjam at the gate of people who are
So, let’s get down to brass tacks. First off, the first event for
lost or confused. So it’s imperative that volunteers and
the festival is on Friday evening with the jazz concert. We
security keep people moving from the entrance area. Once
had hoped to have the male choir on Friday but they will
people are on site, things will be a bit more settled and
perform on Sunday instead with the Opera Society. The
when the concert starts things tend to be a lot easier
concert will begin at 7.30 pm but gates for the first arrivals
because most visitors will be in the stage area. Of course,
to set up camp will open at 5 pm. All campers will be
we need to make sure that the camping area is secure and
directed to the left field of the site. Anyone who’s just
that all areas of the site are under patrol at all times. In the
coming for the concert can be allowed into the main site to
event of any problems at all, contact me in the main
wander around the stalls and refreshment tents. This means
information tent on your walkie-talkie. If someone falls ill,
that the site needs to be up and running by five. I’ve
contact the St John’s ambulance brigade who will be on site
arranged for the sound engineers and the musicians to be
with volunteers at special first-aid areas. If anyone
allowed on site from midday to set up the stage. All other
complains of feeling ill, but it’s just minor, then send them to
stall holders, food and drinks purveyors and information
the main information tent as that’s where the Brigade will be
desks can start setting up from 9 am. No one will have
based and have their main first-aid station. There won’t be
access to the site before 9 am because that’s when security
any police on the site as we have our own security but the
and volunteers will be arriving. If you get here before then,
local police are on standby should they be needed. They
you’ll just have to wait in the car park until the gates open.
never have been in the five years we’ve been running the
You now have some time to read questions 15 to 17. festival but there’s always a first time. Right. I think I’ve
(pause for 20 seconds) covered all the main points but I’ll be taking questions from
Now listen carefully and answer questions 15 to 17. the floor if anyone thinks I’ve missed out something.
OK. Now I’d like to finalise who will be in charge of each of That is the end of Section 2. You will have half a minute
the areas on Friday so there’s no confusion. Assad – I’d like to check your answers.
you to be on duty on the gate to make sure everything runs (pause for 30 seconds)
smoothly with admitting people to the site. Make sure you Now turn to Section 3.
have enough security with you and that the ticket offices are
Section 3
working well and there are volunteers to help direct people
You will hear a conversation between two students
to where they need to go. Lisa – I want you to coordinate all
about working on an assignment together.
the volunteers. They need to know what part of the site
First you will have some time to look at questions 21 to
they’ll be working on Friday night, so you need to talk to the
25.
head of the volunteers to see that everyone knows where
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Now listen carefully to the conversation and answer Moya: Yes. The final stage is loading all the packaged fresh
questions 21 to 25. fruit and veg into refrigerated lorries so they can be
transported by road to supermarkets, where people can buy
Moya: Josh! So glad I caught up with you!
them.
Josh: Hi Moya. Yeah, I was going to call you later.
Moya: About the assignment? I think we need to organise You now have some time to read questions 26 to 30.
ourselves. (pause for 20 seconds)
Josh: Yes. I’m so glad I got teamed with you as I haven’t Now listen carefully and answer questions 26 to 30.
really grasped the process we have to write about.
Josh: Brilliant. This flow chart will definitely help us organise
Moya: Well, I don’t think it’s as complicated as you think.
the assignment. So how do you think we should divide it up?
We just need a flow chart to show the whole process. One
Moya: Hhhmmm. I think the first thing we need to do is write
side, the right hand side, can be about the export of fresh
an introduction. One that gives a good overview of the
fruit and veg and its distribution to EU hubs and the other,
whole topic.
left-hand side, can look at the distribution process in Britain.
Josh: I can start on that. I’ve got the bare bones of it all here
Josh: Brilliant! That will make it much easier. So on the top
with our chart.
left we start with the exporters. We’ve got the exporters in
Moya: OK. I think we also need to do some more in-depth
developing countries and, of course, EU countries as well,
research on the various processes. We know what areas we
who all sell their fresh fruit and veg in countries all around
want to write about but it would be good to have more
the EU.
information on them all. I think I might start with what the
Moya: Right, but before they leave their country of origin, all
exporters do with produce.
the fruit and veg need to be sorted in terms of top or lower
Josh: I think I’ll start from the other end and do some more
quality produce and then washed and packed in crates so
research into how supermarkets get the goods into shops. If
they are ready for the export market.
I get in touch with one of the supermarket managers in our
Josh: OK, so that’s the second step in our chart. Now, the
area, I could get some first-hand information about some of
next thing is that the produce is shipped to EU distribution
the problems they face.
hubs, such as Rotterdam port in the Netherlands or to
Moya: That’s an excellent idea. Another thing we should
Belgium. Only the highest quality most expensive produce is
think about is presenting the data. We don’t want it to look
sent as air freight, that’s right, isn’t it?
shoddy and unprofessional.
Moya: Yes. Most is shipped to ports like Rotterdam, where
Josh: You’re right. I think it’ll look really good if we get some
it can be easily distributed to wholesalers in various
of our facts and figures into graphs. That will make our data
European countries for sale in shops. Most of it goes to
look really scholarly and it also has a good visual impact.
Germany and the UK, as they’re the two biggest importers
Moya: Definitely. The good thing is that we’re not too
of fresh fruit and vegetables in the EU.
pressed for time at the moment as we’ve got another four
Josh: Right, so now we’re on the top right hand side of our
weeks before we have to hand the project in. I propose
flow chart, aren’t we?
getting a plan together today. We should put it down on
Moya: Yes, from here we’re looking at how produce is
paper and then we can tick things off as we get them done.
shipped into British ports and then collected in large
Josh: I agree. I think we should spend the next two weeks
warehouses that act as distribution hubs for all the big
getting the first draft done.
supermarkets.
Moya: That’s pushing it a bit, I think. The hardest part is
Josh: Does anything happen to the produce before it’s sent
getting the first draft done so I’d prefer it if we gave
out to the supermarkets?
ourselves three weeks to get it done. It’s a lot of work.
Moya: Yes, it does. Most of it is unpacked from the export
Josh: Alright then. You’re probably right. It would be better
crates and then packed into smaller retail packaging. So
to make sure the bulk of the work is done and that the first
beans come in 200g packets, or avocadoes are packed in
draft is up to scratch. I’m sure we can polish it all up and get
twos and so on and so forth.
it ready to be presented in a week.
Josh: Is any of the produce processed in any way or is it
Moya: Before we write everything up into a final draft,
just repackaged?
though, I’d like someone to look over it to make sure we’ve
Moya: Well, you might get things like salad leaves packaged
got everything right. Have you got any ideas about who to
in ready-to-use bags and of course, some other minimal
ask? How about your dad? He’s a teacher, right?
processing, such as slicing. You know, like sliced
Josh: I don’t think this is really his field. He teaches art. Why
mushrooms or carrots.
don’t we ask someone taking the subject who’s in the year
Josh: Got that. So now we’re onto the final step and that’s
above us and knows what the tutors expect from this kind of
getting all the produce delivered to supermarkets so that
assignment? Charles Fenn is really friendly. I’m sure he’d be
consumers can buy them.
a better choice than my dad.
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Moya: The Head Prefect? You’re right. He would be a good gradually decrease. As the skin begins to lose its elasticity, it
choice. We’ll ask him as soon as we have the first draft will show signs of sagging and wrinkles. The more exposed
ready then. to UV light the skin is, the sooner it shows these signs of
Josh: Great. That’s settled then. So let’s get on with it! skin aging and it may also experience discolouration,
commonly known as ‘liver spots’, abnormal growths and an
That is the end of Section 3. You will have half a minute
uneven texture. There is some evidence that anti-aging
preparations can delay some signs of skin aging and the use
of sunscreens also protect against skin damage and aging
signs, as well as against skin cancer.
Section 4
So, what about the structure of skin? There are three main
You will hear a lecture about human biology.
components that make up the structure of skin. The first is
First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 38.
the epidermis – the outer layer that forms a waterproof,
protective, insulating wrap that acts as a barrier to infection.
Now listen carefully to the talk and answer questions 31
It contains no blood vessels and also acts to help regulate
to 38.
body temperature.
Today’s human biology lecture will be on skin. Immediately beneath the epidermis is the dermis. It is
Human skin is not simply the outer covering of the body. It is connected to the epidermis with a basement membrane. Its
in fact the largest organ in the body and if you were to lay it function is to help cushion the body from stress and strain.
out flat, it would cover between 16 and 21 square feet. It contains hair follicles, glands and blood vessels. It also
Some of it is covered in hair follicles and parts of it are contains nerve endings that make skin sensitive to touch
thicker than others. It also comes in quite a wide variety of and heat.
pigments ranging from pinky white to almost black. The While the hypodermis is not actually part of the skin itself it
variations in colour are mainly due to the presence of does serve to attach skin to bones and muscles. It also
melanin, the pigment that protects skin against the harmful supplies skin with its blood vessels and nerves. It is mainly
rays of the sun and, in particular, from skin cancer. This is formed of connective tissue and adipose tissue. The
why the lighter in colour a person’s skin is, the greater they hypodermis contains 50% of body fat. This fat is both a
are at risk of developing a melanoma, or skin cancer. protective layer of cushioning for the body and also
Skin is responsible for a wide range of functions such as provides insulation.
protection against pathogens, insulation and prevention of
You now have some time to read questions 39 and 40.
excessive water loss. It holds in the other organs of the
body and provides cushioning for muscles, ligaments and
Now listen carefully and answer questions 39 and 40.
bones. It is also the organ of the body that gives us the
sense of touch and every square inch of skin contains 1000 And just to round off today’s main points let’s briefly go over
nerve endings, as well as 650 sweat glands and 20 blood the impact of diet on skin health. A nutrient poor diet will
vessels. And, although it is on the whole waterproof, it is show almost immediate signs on the skin in diseases such
semi-permeable in that it can absorb substances, such as as scurvy from a lack of vitamin C. Skin health is very much
medicines, and it can even ‘breathe’ as it absorbs small dependent on a diet rich in vitamins. Fresh fruit and
amounts of oxygen. vegetables, particularly those that are green, orange and
Even when clean, skin has its own ecosystem of yellow in colour, foster good skin health. Other factors are
microorganisms, including bacteria and yeasts. Millions of protection from sun damage and ensuring the skins
bacteria live on every square inch of skin with the highest microflora remain intact by avoiding overuse of harsh
numbers on the more oily skin surfaces, such as the face. cosmetic cleaning substances like detergents.
This ecosystem is in fact part and parcel of healthy skin and So, to sum up ... [fade]
the yeasts and bacteria generally keep each other in check.
That is the end of Section 4. You now have half a minute
If the balance is upset, for instance, due to antibiotic
treatment, which can kill off microbes, it can result in the
(pause for 30 minutes)
growth of a yeast infection as the balance of flora has been
That is the end of the Listening Test.
disturbed. Overuse of harsh cosmetic cleaning substances
can also strip the skin of protective flora and result in skin You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to
damage, rashes and dryness. the Listening answer sheet.
Aging also plays a huge role in the health and appearance of (pause for 10 minutes)
skin. As skin ages it thins and is more prone to damage and Please stop writing.
takes longer to recover, as its self-healing properties
234
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Grammar
Bank key
Module 1 5 are realising = have realised/realised

6 have been = have gone
1 1 B 3 A 5 C 7 B 7 has been raining = had been raining
2 A 4 B 6 D
10 1 didn’t you call, was playing, lost
2 1 G 3 I 5 C 7 J 9 L 11 A 2 know, have been carrying out
2 E 4 K 6 F 8 D 10 H 12 B 3 didn’t Barney go, had already made
4 has been studying, has come
3 Present Simple: always, usually, often 5 is getting/has got, was revising
Present Continuous: now, at the moment, at present,
these days, nowadays 11 1 have taken
Present Perfect: since, always, already, just, so far, 2 have been studying
lately, recently 3 are making/have been making
Present Perfect Continuous: since, all day, lately, 4 has been fascinating/has fascinated
recently 5 occur
Past Simple: yesterday, then 6 have been interviewing/have interviewed/interviewed
Past Continuous: while, as, all day
Past Perfect: before, already, just, since, till, by the 12 1 has been studying human behaviour for
time 2 time I visited
Past Perfect Continuous: since, before, till 3 didn’t use to get
4 hadn’t been in
4 1 have known 4 hadn’t let 5 before he got accustomed to
2 have been teaching 5 is always picking
3 had given 6 had been 13 1 a 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 b
5 1 have gone to 3 has been in 5 has gone to 14 1 the more appropriate 4 further
2 have been to 4 has been to 6 have been to 2 honestly as 5 too hard
3 the most confusing 6 the least
6 1 A is attaching
B are the right size 15 1 the most 3 the better 6 hard
2 A is performing important 4 the surest 7 as friendly
B seems 2 the further 5 as beneficial as
3 A possess
B am experiencing 16 1 was more demanding than they thought
4 A are taking a look 2 is getting bigger and bigger
B appears to be 3 somewhat less outspoken than
5 A believe 4 never met anyone as bold as
B am considering 5 the most laid-back of
6 A behaviour-temporary state
B character-permanent state
Module 2
7 1 have experienced/ 5 have spent/spent 1 1 E 3 G 5 D 7 C
have been experiencing 6 have faced 2 B 4 H 6 F 8 A
2 have had 7 have been
3 nurtured 8 gave/has given 2 1 to be 4 ’ll be working
4 protected 2 is going to oversee 5 will have visited
3 Will you be needing
8 1 got used to 4 get used to
2 use to 5 is used to 3 1 enter 4 will visit
3 used to/would 6 is used to 2 have updated 5 interviews
3 will David be installing
9 2 has asked = asked
3 would = used to
4 is tasting = tastes
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Grammar
Bank key
4 1 will have been designing 4 will have installed 5 … to have been handed over to the owner’s two
2 will recalibrate 5 will you be paying nieces
3 will buy 6 … to have completed the survey by the end of the
month
5 1 am going to apply 3 will have been employed
2 will be meeting 4 will finish 3 2 Generating profit isn’t the company’s only aim; it
also cares about social issues.
6 1 on the verge of 4 is due to 3 Expanding the business as rapidly as you intend
2 are to 5 sure to could be risky.
3 are bound to/are certain to 4 Knowing how to profit from mistakes is important.
5 Having a large salary isn’t my top priority, I want to
7 1 no doubt 5 is sure to do a job I enjoy.
2 certain 6 it’s possible 6 Getting a promotion takes a lot of hard work.
3 are bound to 7 are fairly sure
4 on the point of 8 suppose that 4 1 balancing, to enjoy, spend
2 advising, to set, causing
8 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 D 3 creating, speaking, to halt
4 to sign up, to be accepted, to be mentored
9 1 to find the/a cure for many 5 to provide, to join, taking
2 are to submit their reports by
3 positive (that) Tony will pass his 5 1 setting up, giving, finding
4 be surprised if space travel becomes 2 to be doing, to be assisted
5 no way (that) Jeremy will 3 to start, finishing off, To tell, to put
4 to have attracted, to have been looking
10 1 There 3 It 5 it 7 There
2 it 4 it 6 There 8 It 6 1 It’s not worth worrying about the deadline, I’m sure
we can ask for an extension anyway.
11 2 It is astonishing that scientists are creating bionic 2 Although I thought I’d rather work on my own than
organs. be tasked with explaining to everyone else how to
3 It’s no fun having an old mobile phone. do the job, I’m actually glad to have taken the
4 It fascinates me that there may be life on other challenge.
planets. 3 Peter was asked to provide the rest of the team
5 It is pointless to complain about wanting a new with copies of all the data they had been planning
laptop. to analyse.
4 Sheila has displayed a willingness to help with our
12 1 sure (that) people won’t project, despite having been snowed under with
2 looks like bionic limbs will be her own work for weeks.
3 if we will be able
4 way organ transplants will still 7 1 Mike mustn’t be allowed to take on such a heavy
5 if future technology will advance workload, it’s not fair.
6 online education improves it will 2 The invention appears to have achieved what was
expected.
3 Sally regrets not turning up/not having turned up for
Module 3
the team building event.
1 1 having sent 5 having fixed 4 We didn’t succeed in convincing the client of the
2 to have reached 6 to be looking plan’s benefits.
3 to find 7 hire 5 I would prefer not to cover the nightshift.
4 to join 8 to have forged 6 Sorry! I didn’t mean to interrupt your work.
2 1 … to be winding down now 8 1 a to contact b contacting

2 … to publish the report next week 2 a calling b to call
3 … to be sorted out 3 a informing b to inform
4 … to be selling really well 4 a to design b designing
5 a disappointing b to disappoint
236
Grammar
Bank key
9 1 be faced 7 to be contacted 4 1 You don’t have to avoid carbohydrates to stay
2 to have been helped 8 to see healthy.
3 be found 9 to be shortlisted 2 You mustn’t enter the hospital without washing
4 be paid 10 being assessed your hands.
5 to be hired 11 to improve 3 Dan can swim for hours.
6 sending 12 visit 4 You ought to get eight hours of sleep every night.
5 I must focus on my running if I’m going to complete
10 1 … need will mean attending … a marathon.
2 … keeping an eye on … 6 May I take one of these brochures for the nutrition
3 … to be completed before … seminar?
4 … to be higher than … 7 We should be able to run the 10K race in under an
5 … on more resources being channelled … hour.
8 I could have a salad for lunch today.
11 1 fully 4 absolutely 7 most
2 totally 5 deeply 8 terribly 5 2 Shall I help you prepare dinner?
3 greatly 6 gravely 3 You mustn’t speak loudly in the library.
4 You ought to/should exercise more.
12 1 fully 3 dead 5 greatly
2 downright 4 painfully 6 1 had to 4 ought to 7 didn’t have
2 might 5 couldn’t
13 1 very/deeply/bitterly/particularly/utterly, 3 should 6 must
very/particularly
2 absolute/total, entirely/utterly 7 2 might have, possibility
3 very/deeply/particularly, real/total 3 should have, advice/criticism
4 very/particularly, particularly/entirely/utterly 4 must have, positive logical assumption
5 perfect, real 5 can’t have, negative logical assumption
6 might not have, possibility
14 1 b 2 a 3 f 4 d 5 c 6 e 7 needn’t have, absence of necessity
8 had to, necessity
15 1 widely acknowledged 4 quite wisely
2 absolutely perfect 5 universally acclaimed 8 1 Lynn should have walked to work ...
3 completely elusive 6 truly great 2 Mark couldn’t have been the winner ...
3 I shouldn’t have eaten ...
16 1 C 3 B 5 D 7 C 9 D 11 C 4 ... someone must have ordered ...
2 B 4 A 6 B 8 A 10 A 12 A 5 You ought to/should have spent ...
6 Chris might have ...
7 Michele needn’t have brought ...
Module 4
8 We could use the Internet ...
1 1 have to 3 Shall 5 shouldn’t
2 doesn’t need to 4 could 9 1 must have 4 couldn’t
2 may not have been 5 would have
2 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 3 might have 6 ought to have bought
3 2 possibility – It’s possible that Janet has a gluten 10 1 must have recovered
allergy so she isn’t eating any bread. 2 could/might have twisted
3 necessity – It is necessary for Tom to take his 3 should have/ought to have bandaged
medication every day for two weeks. 4 might have had
4 prohibition – You aren’t allowed to eat in the library! 5 couldn’t have spread
5 ability – Jolene is able to run an eight-minute mile. 6 didn’t have to change
6 Absence of necessity – Doctors now say you don’t 7 needn’t have taken
have to drink eight full glasses of water a day.
7 suggestion – Let’s go for a walk this afternoon. OR 11 2 The football tournament should start at 10 am
possibility – We have the possibility of going for a tomorrow.
walk this afternoon.
237
Grammar
Bank key
3 Peter can’t have worked out as much as he said he 4 Bottles should be thrown in recycling bottle banks.
did. 5 Which newspaper was charged for libel?
4 Might Jessica participate in the tai-chi workshop
this year? 3 1 with 2 by 3 by 4 by
5 Their volleyball team may be competing in the
Olympics next summer. 4 2 entered 7 have had
6 Sarah must have been cooking; the house smells 3 was considered 8 will be provided
great! 4 has met 9 are found
7 Could Terrence win the Tae Kwon Do 5 were chosen 10 are interested
championship? 6 were declared
12 2 Becky must have been working on her dance 5 1 the world’s population is known to be illiterate.
moves; now she’s great! 2 is believed to be growing bigger and bigger.
3 George can’t have eaten all the hamburgers; he 3 is estimated that reptiles may hibernate in very cold
doesn’t eat meat! conditions.
4 Pauline may train for a marathon this spring. 4 was thought to have taken action against vandalism
5 Joel may have been taking karate lessons for over a in the school premises.
decade.
6 Kate can’t have broken her wrist; she’s not wearing 6 1 permit spraying the walls with graffiti
a plaster cast. 2 is said to take
7 Darren must be at the gym; his gym bag is gone. 3 animal species will be wiped out
8 The doctor may not have diagnosed Tilly’s illness 4 the fire was averted
correctly. 5 will be made redundant
13 2 someone expects something, Krista should eat a 7 1 had my purse stolen

diet rich in iron and protein for her training. 2 had not had it cleaned
3 expressing certainty, Football practice will be 3 had her house broken into
cancelled due to the heavy storm. 4 had our houses evacuated
4 possibility, Martin may slip and fall if he wears the 5 had leaflets distributed
wrong shoes while playing football. 6 have our rubbish collected
5 permission, Patients can leave the hospital once a 7 have had a wild animal refuge constructed
doctor signs off on their release. 8 having all the sheds pulled down
14 1 A 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 D 8 1 would like to have the government abolish the

death penalty.
15 1 chance you might want to eat 2 were having their car broken into while they were
2 is bound to make a waiting at the bank.
3 have been allowed to receive free 3 to have natural resources conserved.
4 supposed to keep hydrated while being 4 won’t have him going out late at night with the
5 you mind scheduling a check-up troublemakers in his area.
5 to have wild animals kept in captivity.
6 investigators had the police cross examine the
Module 5
witnesses.
1 1 has been charged 5 has been reduced
2 was held 6 would be saved 9 1 Jack got Robert to volunteer for a good cause.
3 are needed/will be needed/ 7 had been 2 The police will have a forensic expert examine the
burnt fingerprints.
are going to be needed down 3 Linda got her parents to donate money to charity.
4 is being dumped 8 was given 4 Emma had Jeff look for information on endangered
species.
2 1 The press wasn’t allowed to speak to the suspect/ 5 The attorney got the judge to reduce his client’s jail
The suspect wasn’t allowed to speak to the press. sentence.
2 Will they make all households recycle? 6 I’ll have Owen take out the rubbish.
3 People think the criminal escaped. 7 The police officer had the speeding driver pull over.
238
Grammar
Bank key
10 1 yourself 3 each other 5 himself Module 6
2 herself 4 myself 6 yourselves
1 1 If dad sees 3 Have you
11 1 going to have pipelines installed 2 Haven’t I been 4 Had John got
2 had his property trespassed
3 got us to train hard 2 1 You can have a treat on condition that you behave
4 had the demonstrators dispersed in the supermarket./You can have a treat provided
5 should have your car looked at (that) you behave in the supermarket.
6 himself ordered the release 2 Should he offer the house to you, would you buy
it?/ Were he to offer the house to you, would you
12 1 it 3 not 5 did it 7 either buy it?
2 so 4 he 6 That 3 Suppose (that) Tom had the money, shall we invite
him on the camping trip?/What if Tom had the
13 1 He always locks the door before he leaves for work money, shall we invite him on the camping trip?
but he doesn’t when he is at home. 3 1 Had we invested in the company, we would be
2 I’m sorry I forgot to invite you to the clean-up event, seeing returns by now.
I didn’t mean to. 2 Should Stella happen to come by, tell her about the
3 I can’t show you around the park, but a designated end-of-season sales.
guide can. 3 Had the design been more attractive, the
4 She asked me to take the plastic bottles to the advertisement would have been more successful.
recycling bin, but I had already. 4 Were Fred better at business, he would see that
5 The company said they wanted to reimburse us but this is a great deal.
they didn’t seem willing to. 5 Had the prices been lower, Jake would have
bought the new app.
14 1 charity organisations = ones which put all
2 charity administration’s (omit) (administration costs) 4 2 If they had any brochures left, I would have picked
3 most of the charity organisations = most of them one up.
4 Instead, of funding luxurious lifestyles and 3 If the company hadn’t put a lot of resources into
excessive salaries, donor’s money = Instead, advertising, they wouldn’t be so successful.
donor’s money 4 If Susie was shopping all day, she will be tired.
5 In your workplace = There 5 If you saw the advert, you would know about this
6 run like profitable businesses = run like that computer’s amazing features.
7 Dealing with disasters, poverty and injustice = That
5 2 Even if you have a good salary, it doesn’t mean that
15 1 I’d really love to. unexpected expenses won’t happen./
2 We weren’t advised against taking photos of the It doesn’t mean that unexpected expenses won’t
rare bird species but I think we should have. happen even if you have a good salary.
3 She said she’d write to the newspaper editor to 3 Mark couldn’t have opened the delicatessen if his
complain about the libel article but she didn’t. parents hadn’t supported him./
4 My sister doesn’t think we can help save our planet, If his parents hadn’t supported him, Mark couldn’t
but I do. have opened the delicatessen.
5 Do you think our house will be flooded after the 4 Supposing (that) I bought the car on hire, how
heavy rainfall? I hope not. would I afford the payments?/
6 We are going to fix the faulty battery – it keeps How would I afford the payments supposing (that) I
breaking down. bought the car on hire?
16 1 didn’t mean to 3 wanted to 5 won’t be 6 1 Mark wishes he had time to get another job in the
2 forgot to 4 would love to able to evenings.
2 I wish/If only the shop accepted credit cards so I
17 1 if taxes were reduced could pay with mine.
2 is being held to provide the 3 Oscar wishes the bank would give him a mortgage
3 got my mum to make so he could buy the house.
4 society are thought to affect /society affect 4 Brian wishes he had taken his dream job when he
5 proposal to increase spending had the chance.
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Grammar
Bank key
5 I wish/If only the shops were not shut/were open so 4 2 The engineer said that if the dam hadn’t burst, the
I could get some food to cook. flood wouldn’t have wiped out the entire village. –
(no tense changes because of unreal past – 3rd
7 2 I wish it wasn’t a holiday and the shops weren’t type conditional.)
closed. If it weren’t a holiday and the shops weren’t 3 Megan told Kelly that she would rather go sand
closed, I would go shopping. surfing than ride a camel. – (no tense changes with
3 I wish I had had enough money. If I had had enough use of ‘would rather’.)
money, I would have gone to the cinema tonight. 4 Don said to the tour guide that he couldn’t believe
4 I wish I had enough experience. If I had enough he was actually hiking up the slop of an active
experience, I would work in advertising. volcano. – (tense changes from present tense
modal can’t to past tense-couldn’t and present
8 1 didn’t leave 4 opened 8 could afford continuous – am hiking to past continuous – was
2 improve 5 had placed 9 to support hiking.)
3 would have 6 would try 5 The environmentalist said that he had recently
become 7 worked completed a two-year study of the impact of the
forestry industry in the Amazon. – (tenses change
9 1 happen to go to the shops from past simple to past perfect.)
2 I would rather go 6 Professor Miller told his students that if they had
3 left earlier, I wouldn’t have worked harder, they could have preserved the
4 weren’t/hadn’t been for Vernon’s excellent ecosystems of more endangered animals. – (no
5 wish I could buy tense changes unreal because of unreal past – 3rd
type conditional.)
Module 7
5 2 Mark asked his cousin who he had gone
1 1 says 3 told 5 say 7 tell backpacking through Europe with.
2 told 4 tell 6 asked 8 ask 3 Jane asked Molly if (whether) she could pass her
the canteen of water.
2 2 Susan said (that) she loved the rain because the 4 The instructor asked Paula if (whether) it was her
sound was incredibly relaxing. first time skydiving.
3 Tom asked Janet if she was coming because 5 She asked the airline representative what time flight
everyone was waiting in the car. 827 left.
4 Mary told Jack she had gone parasailing years
before and that it had been an incredible 6 2 I wonder when the bus is going to arrive.
experience. 3 She doubted that I had gone backpacking across
5 Martha told James (that) she wished he hadn’t Australia.
booked the flight and that she would have preferred 4 Could you tell me what I should bring for the
to have discussed it first. camping trip?
6 Jerry said (that) he couldn’t talk then because his
flight to Japan was about to take off. 7 2 She advised us to wear the proper type of shoes
7 Rhonda said (that) the sunset was beautiful and she when hiking.
would take a picture for her scrapbook. 3 Mary suggested helping her set up the tent./ Mary
8 Karen said (that) they should get to the evacuation suggested to us that we could help her set up the
centre because there was a tornado headed that tent.
way. 4 The tour guide ordered us not to swim in the hot
springs.
3 “I did and it was terrifying,” said Chris. “Yes, it was and
I’m glad no one was injured,” agreed Jake. 8 2 He said (that) I/we didn’t have to/needn’t pack so
“I heard that when part of a wall collapsed, one family much gear as we were only going camping for a
was trapped in their house for three days, but they are week.
OK now fortunately because they had an emergency 3 The meteorologist said (that) we must be in the eye
earthquake kit in their house,” said Chris. of the hurricane.
“That’s an excellent idea. I will prepare one to keep at 4 He said the earthquake might/could not be
my house,” said Jake. powerful enough to trigger tsunamis.
240
Grammar
Bank key
9 2 Lucy suggested (that) I (should) try surfing while I 18 1 Every 3 All 5 None of
am in Hawaii. 2 each 4 no 6 Neither
3 The instructor demanded (that) we (should) have
the proper equipment to go cave diving. 19 2 another 4 every other
4 Aunt Patty recommended (that) I (should) see the 3 the others 5 the other
Great wall of China.
20 2 Both James and Robert are going to Ecuador for
10 2 informed, would conduct, claimed, would ensure, the month of July. /Not only James but also Robert
would be protected is going to Ecuador for the month of July.
3 encouraged, had passed, warned, had stopped 3 Neither Maria nor Karen will ever try hang gliding.
4 Either Erica or Morgan will teach the kids swimming
11 2 She apologised for forgetting to purchase/for not lessons at camp.
having remembered to purchase the group’s plane 5 Not only Carol but also Victoria is having her hair
tickets to Nicaragua in time. braided on the beach. /Both Carol and Victoria are
3 Mark ordered/commanded me to take her to having their hair braided on the beach.
hospital immediately/at that moment because she
had broken her arm. 21 1 A 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 C
4 Jon suggested going skiing in Aspen instead of
Switzerland that winter. 22 1 every 4 Every 7 Every 10 every
5 He denied being/having been the one who had left 2 Each 5 every 8 Each
rubbish along the hiking trail. 3 Each 6 each 9 Each
6 She complained that the weather was too miserable
and the path was too muddy for her to keep going. 23 1 much 4 little 7 few 10 lots of
7 Joe refused to take a dip in the hot spring the next/ 2 A lot 5 a little 8 little
following morning. 3 many 6 many 9 much
8 Mary begged me to go snorkelling with her.
24 1 by 3 Should 5 Under 7 had
12 1 accused Richard of forgetting 2 until 4 Nor 6 after
2 boasted about being the nation’s
3 threatened to leave 25 1 do we hear from politicians that
4 advised her friend to go 2 after he had photographed the sunset
3 did I travel abroad when
13 1 Some 3 Some 5 some 7 one 4 did he know that a holiday
2 an 4 a 6 a 8 an 5 had he arrived in Argentina when
6 surprised was Maureen by the beauty
14 2 –, the 5 –, the, the, – 8 The, –, the, –
3 The, –, the 6 the, –, – 9 the, –, –, –
Module 8
4 –, –, the 7 the, –, – 10 –, the, the
1 2 which/that, who/that 5 (that/which), (that/when)
15 1 a hospital 4 a the court 3 (that/which), who/that 6 whose, which/that
b the hospital b court 4 who, which/that
2 a bed 5 a college
b the bed b the college 2 2 who/that, D, (not omitted – no commas)
3 a prison 3 which/that, ND (not omitted – put commas after
b the prison festival and before went off)
4 where, D, (not omitted – no commas)
16 1 – 6 – 11 – 16 the 5 which/that, D, (omitted – no commas)
2 an 7 an 12 an 17 the
3 the 8 – 13 a 18 the 3 2 The magician who/that my sister is speaking with
4 – 9 the 14 – 19 – does magic tricks. The magician my sister is
5 the 10 the 15 a 20 the speaking with does magic tricks.
3 The gallery which/that the artist displayed his latest
17 2 this 3 These 4 those 5 That 6 This works in is downtown. The gallery the artist
displayed his latest works in is downtown.
241
Grammar
Bank key
4 This is the film which/that he received an Academy 3 Due to the fact that his first book was successful,
Award for. This is the film he received an Academy Harry became famous./Harry became famous due
Award for. to the fact that his first book was successful.
5 This is the man who/that the painting was 4 The production got great reviews as it was
commissioned for. This is the man the painting was captivating.
commissioned for. 5 They rehearsed the songs again, for they didn’t
want to make any mistakes.
4 1 who is the owner of the
2 three of whom were given 13 1 which 4 so that 7 considering
3 the city where Shakespeare was born 2 that 5 although 8 wherever
4 of which only two were chosen 3 as soon as 6 such a
5 me who wrote the book
14 2 Aren’t these paintings colourful! These paintings are
5 1 ever since 4 By the time 7 while so colourful! What colourful paintings! How
2 before 5 now that colourful these paintings are! They are such
3 until 6 After colourful paintings!
3 What fantastic actors! How fantastic these actors
6 2 We bought our concert tickets early in case they are! They are such fantastic actors! The actors are
sold out. so fantastic!
3 The editor cut a lot of scenes from the film for fear 4 How beautiful her voice is! Doesn’t she have a
that it would be too long. beautiful voice! Isn’t her voice beautiful! She has
4 Eating in the museum is forbidden lest the artefacts such a beautiful voice!
(might/should) be damaged by the food.
15 1 singing 3 having read 5 planning
7 1 such 3 such a 5 such a 2 Seen 4 chosen
2 so 4 such 6 such an
16 2 applied 6 Having been rejected
8 1 such a lot of tickets 6 has been 3 playing 7 wandering
2 as soon as he finished reading acting (ever) 4 Having worked 8 Asked
3 in order not to forget them since 5 being admitted 9 viewed
4 such a good actor (that)
5 so (that) he could enter 17 2 It was Beethoven who wrote this symphony.
3 What Nina loves best of all are adventure films.
9 1 Despite 3 though 5 nevertheless 4 It wasn’t us who were talking during the film.
2 While 4 in spite of 6 However 5 It was William who booked the tickets.
6 The place where they performed was the music
10 2 Despite never having been in a play before, Fiona festival.
went to the audition. Although/Even though Fiona 7 Was it a rock concert that Jessica went to last
had never been in a play before, she went to the night?
audition. In spite of the fact that Fiona had never 8 The first place I want to visit is the National Gallery.
been in a play before, she went to the audition.
3 Despite the film being excellent, the plot is
complicated. Although/Even though the film is
excellent, the plot is complicated. Excellent as the
film is, the plot is complicated.
11 2 wherever/everywhere 4 Wherever/Everywhere
3 where 5 anywhere
12 2 Since Chris is in the band, he doesn’t have to pay

to get into the festival.
242
17OnScreen C1 Ts POL PrTests Key.qxp_16OnScreen A2plus_B1 Ts POL WB Quizzes Key 12/7/18 1:01 PM Page 243
Practice
Tests Key
Practice Test 1 Passage 3

27 C 28 B 29 A 30 D
Listening
31 F 32 C 33 B 34 D
Section 1
1 6/six 4 3 o’clock 35 D 36 B 37 A 38 E 39 C 40 C
2 cakes 5 £1/one pound
3 £10/ten pounds 6 ballroom dances
Writing
7 homemade sandwiches 9 Carol Weekes Writing task 1
8 washing up 10 280 318 6780
This chart presents information on the holiday destinations
of British people over two years, 2014 and 2015. It includes
Section 2
data on percentages of people who took holidays in the UK
11 vistas 13 Poulton and abroad, as well as people who did not take holidays.
12 eighteenth/18th century fort 14 centre The most common holiday behaviour by far, during both
2014 and 2015, was taking holidays both in the UK and
15 student card 17 online 19 sturdy walking abroad. In both years, 41 percent of the population did this.
16 light mobility 18 turn up 20 full refund It is striking that this did not change.
In terms of the rest of the data, there were slight differences
Section 3 between years. In 2014, 27 percent of Britons took holidays
21 C 22 C 23 C 24 A 25 C 26 B in the UK only, while 12 percent travelled abroad only. The
following year, the number of people holidaying only in the
27 senior management 29systems report UK fell to 23 percent while those who only travelled abroad
28 department heads 30 full proposal rose slightly to 13 percent. The percentage of people who
didn’t go on holiday at all rose from 20 percent in 2014 to 23
Section 4 percent in 2014.
31 Olympic sport 36 under three Overall, the data is quite similar across years. The numbers
32 200 km 37 1926 of Britons who travelled more than once, or not at all, show
33 expired 38 Boston Marathon little change. While more people chose to stay in the UK
34 ever existed 39 57 seconds rather than go abroad in 2014, this difference became
35 water carrier 40 natural abilities smaller in 2015. This could reflect political or financial
anxiety in 2014 that abated in 2015.
Reading Writing task 2

Passage 1 While few people would argue about the value of education,
1 formal 3 natural 5 flowers the question of who should pay for it is often contentious.
2 structures 4 dramatic Should governments use taxpayers’ money to subsidise
university education, or should it be down to students and
6 true 7 not given 8 false 9 true their parents to find a way to pay? It is not an easy question
to answer.
10 during Tudor times 12 the 20th century In some ways, it can be unfair for all taxpayers to contribute
11 the Arcadian style 13 flowers to paying for university students’ education. This is
especially true because people who did not have the benefit
Passage 2 of going to university usually earn lower salaries than the
14 C 15 G 16 G 17 A 18 E university educated. Why should they have to sacrifice part
of their meagre salaries so that someone else can have an
19 lactase persistence 21guaranteed quality advantage they did not have? In addition, some say that
20 (the) microorganisms 22 prevent diseases students who do not pay for their education take it less
seriously and fail to appreciate the opportunity that they
23 ill health 25 (some) cheeses have been given.
24 (rapid) expansion 26 mass market On the other hand, there are some convincing reasons why
it’s a good idea, as a society, to subsidise higher education.
When a government makes money available for students to
243
Practice
Tests Key
go to university, this makes attending university only a Part 2
matter of intelligence and hard work, rather than the I’m going to give you a subject to talk about. You
financial situation of a student’s family. Some say that this have to talk about it for about two minutes. Before
results in a much fairer system. Furthermore, since you start talking I’ll give you about one minute to
everyone in society benefits from the services of highly think and to write down some notes. Do you
educated people such as doctors, teachers and scientists – understand what you are going to do?
and don’t forget writers and artists – it can make sense for Yes, that’s fine.
us to encourage more people to obtain these special skills. Here’s a pen and some paper to write on.
In conclusion, as long as taxes are scaled in relation to what This is your subject. I’d like you to talk about a trip to
people earn, so that no one has to carry a disproportionate an interesting museum you have visited.
amount of the burden, contributing through our taxes to You only have a short time to speak, so I will stop you
education seems a small price to pay. After all, it’s important after a while. Don’t worry about that. You can start
for rich and poor children alike to achieve their potential. talking now.
I’d like to talk about the time I visited the Science Museum
Speaking (Suggested Answers) with my friends in South Kensington, Central London. We
went to the Science Museum because they had a special
Part 1 exhibition about the Lord of The Rings film trilogy. It was for
Let’s talk about your school days. a limited time and we were all very excited to see the
exhibition before it closed. The exhibition featured lots of
What can you tell me about your secondary school? costumes, suits of armour, props and swords from the films.
My Secondary School was a large comprehensive with We also saw models of the orcs and trolls, as well as sets
around 2000 students from years 7 through to 11. It also from Hobbiton, the home of Bilbo and Frodo Baggins. The
had a sixth form college where students could study for most amazing thing, though, was the large green screen
their A level exams before university. where you could pose for them to use special effects to
Did your school have extra-curricular activities? shrink you down to hobbit size for photographs! I thought
Yes, there were numerous extra-curricular activities that the museum exhibit was interesting because it offered
available for students to try. The school had lots of sports fans of the films the chance to get up close to the items and
clubs, such as the football team, basketball team and rugby costumes of their favourite characters, and learn more
team. These all practised on school playing fields and about the fascinating technology behind film making and
courts in the afternoons, usually twice a week. They also special effects.
had matches against other schools in local leagues. Thank you.
Would you change anything about your school?
Yes, I would change the variety of extra-curricular activities Part 3
available to students. You’ve been telling me about a museum you have
Why? visited. I would like to talk to you about museums and
Because while sport was very well supported by the school, visitors to museums generally.
other hobbies and interests weren’t. For example, we didn’t
have any drama clubs, or music clubs. If you wanted to Are museums important? Why or why not?
learn an instrument you could only do it during the school Yes, I think museums are very important, for lots of reasons.
day, which became a problem for other lessons and classes Firstly, they play an important role in educating people
as the timetables were not very flexible. If you wanted to about all sorts of topics. Science, nature, culture, history
learn an instrument outside of school hours the only choice and even sports and entertainment. Secondly, museums
was to have private lessons. This wasn’t possible for some give people a chance to see and have access to things and
students, as private lessons can be very expensive. materials that they might not ever get the chance to see.
What did you enjoy the most about being a school This is especially true for historical or cultural items. Lastly, I
student? think museums play and important role in protecting and
I enjoyed making and keeping so many friends from maintaining rare and very old artefacts and relics. Museums
different areas and walks of life. For me, the real pleasure of are vital in preserving our history and culture in this way.
school, apart from learning of course, was the social aspect.
Most of the friends that I made in school I have kept for life.
I think that’s really amazing and isn’t something that you get
the chance to encounter in a lot of other areas of life.
244
Practice
Tests Key
Should people pay to visit museums? Why or why Practice Test 2
not?
I don’t think that people should pay to visit museums. Many Listening
museums hold rare items that are very important to a
country’s culture and history. National treasures like these Section 1
should be available for everyone to enjoy, and not be limited 1 Holmes 4 evening
to only those who can afford it. For this reason, I think that 2 1983 5 £40/forty pounds
governments should fund museums and make the entry to 3 trial period
them totally free to visitors. Perhaps there could be some
special exceptions, like special temporary exhibits that have 6 10 k 9 personal assistant
additional expenses, but on the whole, I don’t agree with 7 knees
visitors paying an entry fee. 8 under three/3 10 (club) T-shirt
How important is it for governments to look after
artefacts in museums? Section 2
As I said, since many items in museums are national 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 A
treasures, I feel that it is very important for governments to
look after artefacts found in museums. I believe that in 15 B 16 D 17 E
addition to covering the entrance fees for visitors they
should also provide funding to put towards the conversation 18 a logjam 19 under patrol 20 on standby
and preservation of relics and historical items. Another
important way that governments can help to look after Section 3
artefacts is to protect them legally, and by controlling the 21 developing countries 24 minimal processing
ownership and trade of such items very carefully in order to 22 distribution hubs 25 refrigerated lorries
keep them safe for future generations. 23 retail packaging
How should museum visitors behave when in a
museum? 26 the introduction 29 three weeks
It’s important for museum visitors to behave well when in a 27 supermarket manager 30 Head Prefect
museum. They must be respectful and careful around 28 graphs
exhibits, and follow the rules carefully about the eating of
food and drinking as well as photography. People should Section 4
also not be selfish, and remember that the exhibits are there
31 21 35 elasticity
for everyone to experience and enjoy. So it’s important not
32 pathogens 36 waterproof
to spend too much time hogging an exhibit for yourself
33 1000/a thousand 37 follicles
when other people also want to see it.
34 antibiotics 38 cushioning
What do people learn by visiting museums?
People can learn a lot of things. They can learn about the
39 vitamins 40 detergents
facts and history of a specific place, person or thing. They
can also learn about their own culture and society, and how
to appreciate the heritage of their own people. Visitors can Reading
also learn about other countries as well and other nations
Passage 1
from history.
Do museums appeal to younger people or mainly 1 T 2 F 3 F 4 DS 5 DS 6 T
older people? Why?
I think that museums appeal to all age groups not just 7 D 8 B 9 E
younger people or older people. This is because nowadays
museums are very interesting and stimulating, with 10 filter out 12 key questions
interactive exhibits and all kinds of technology. This means 11 (actively) look 13 prejudicial
that they are not boring for young people as perhaps, they
might have been in the past. Likewise, museums still have Passage 2
the traditional exhibits and artefacts inside them that 14 iii 15 vi 16 i 17 viii 18 iv
continue to attract older visitors as well.
Thank you. The Speaking Test is now finished. 19 energy 21 windless
20 reservoir 22 hydraulic
245
Practice
Tests Key
23 emissions 25 financial contribution cities have increased rapidly, and there are simply not
24 succeed in 26 economic regeneration enough houses to go around and prices are pushed up. In
addition, investors see this as an opportunity to profit, so
Passage 3 they scramble to buy up property and rent it out at high
27 NOT GIVEN 30 YES prices. This has the unfortunate effect of making the wealthy
28 NO 31 NOT GIVEN even richer while people with less means are trapped in a
29 YES 32 YES situation that they cannot escape.
If governments were to put certain policies in place, it could
33 storm 37 clockwork mechanism do much to solve this problem of unaffordable housing.
34 artefacts/findings/finds 38 14th century Firstly, investors should be discouraged from buying
35 decompression sickness 39 predict eclipses properties purely as money-making opportunities. This
36 gear wheel 40 precision could be accomplished by heavily taxing people when they
own second or third properties, which would make it a less
profitable investment option and put more homes on the
Writing market for first-time buyers. In addition, where possible,
Writing task 1 more affordable housing should be built in city centres; for
example, disused industrial buildings could be converted
The diagrams show Clifton Municipal Park at three different
into flats. As a result, supply would more closely match
stages of its development: 1960, 1990 and 2010.
demand and prices would drop.
In 1960, small local shops and a children’s play area lined
In conclusion, the high demand for housing in cities, along
the road and behind them was a large nature reserve, a
with investors purchasing property to make money, means
boating lake and picnic area.
that ordinary people have a very hard time buying their own
By 1990, the park had acquired the property where the
homes. However, if investors were discouraged and more
shops used to be, and built a large building there that
homes were created, the situation could surely be
housed an indoor sports complex. Part of the play area was
improved.
also used for this building, resulting in a smaller outdoor
327 words
play area. However, the nature reserve, lake and picnic area
remained largely unchanged.
In 2010, big changes had taken place. The part of the nature Speaking (Suggested Answers)
reserve adjacent to the sports complex was developed, and
Part 1
a running track was built there. In addition, the children’s
play area was demolished and a football field was built in its Let’s talk about what you do. Do you have a job or are
place. A small play area for children was constructed in the you studying?
picnic area, resulting in a reduced area of grass and picnic I’m a student.
tables close to the boating lake. What subjects are you studying and why?
Over this period of time, there was an overall increase in I’m studying Biology because I want to become a doctor
developed land and a decrease in natural vegetation and one day. Specifically, I’m taking classes in anatomy and
undeveloped space. However, more sports facilities are now biochemistry and mathematics.
available for park visitors. What methods of study do you prefer to use?
203 words Well, we have a lot of reading to do. We read text books and
journal articles. I enjoy reading in order to learn things; I
Writing Task 2 prefer it to memorising facts. In lectures, I prefer just to
listen and get an understanding of the topic, rather than
It seems to be an unfortunate fact that house prices have
taking a lot of notes. Then I read on the subject on my own,
increased in most of the world’s large cities to the degree
to fill in the details.
that ordinary people cannot even dream of owning their own
Is there anything you dislike about your studies?
home, due to a number of social and economic factors.
Some of my classes are really big and I’d say that’s what I
However there are measures that governments can take to
dislike most. For example, when there are two hundred
help solve the problem and ensure housing is affordable for
students in an auditorium, it can be hard to concentrate. I
all.
had one class where there were so many students that half
House prices in big cities around the world have
had to watch the lectures on live TV because there weren’t
skyrocketed for a number of reasons. One of the most
enough seats in the auditorium!
important factors influencing this is the movement of people
from rural areas into the cities, usually for purposes of
finding work. As a result of this migration, the populations in
246
Practice
Tests Key
What do you think of the teaching staff at your out, because there’s a huge party in the city centre, and
college? they have a concert and an amazing fireworks display.
They are very good, for the most part. Most are accessible Some people have parties or go to parties at their friends’
and friendly, and so it’s easy to go and ask for help. Some homes, and then they will usually watch the fireworks
lecturers are better than others, of course, but that’s to be display on TV. Wherever people are, when the clock strikes
expected. My favourite teacher is my biochemistry midnight, they start wishing everyone around them ‘Happy
professor; she can explain complicated topics very clearly, New Year!’ I think it’s an important celebration because it’s
and her lectures are always interesting. a time to be with friends and family, and have a good time.
Let’s go on to talk about leisure activities. What It’s usually cold and dark at this time of year, so it lifts
leisure activities are most popular in your country? everyone’s spirits to have a big celebration. It is also a kind
Let’s see. Most people like to meet up with their friends in a of a symbolic fresh start, and a lot of people think about
cafe, or go for a meal. Going to the cinema is popular too. what they want to change or achieve in the coming year.
Are cultural activities seen as a way to enjoy free Some people make new year’s resolutions, things like going
time? to the gym, or going on a diet, which they usually break
Yes, I think so. Lots of people like to play or just go and rather quickly!
listen to traditional music, for example. Going to all kinds of Thank you.
concerts is very popular here. Other cultural activities like
going to museums are popular with some people, but not Part 3
everyone. Lots of young people would rather go shopping or You’ve been telling me about a celebration. Now I
play sports. I enjoy going to the Museum of Modern Art, for would like to talk to you about family events and
example, but I don’t go very often. celebrations generally.
Do you participate in any cultural activities? What sort of events and occasions do families enjoy
Well, as I said, I do go to museums once in a while. I like celebrating?
going to the theatre, too, but I don’t go often. I go and see I think families enjoy celebrating all the major holidays, of
live music whenever I can. Let’s see ... really, I only course, like Christmas and Easter, but also personal
participate as a spectator. celebrations like birthdays, graduations, anniversaries and
What do you enjoy doing most in your free time? weddings.
I enjoy meeting up with my friends; sometimes we go for a Why are celebrations significant events in people’s
walk, or to a café. I also like going to the gym, or going lives?
running. When I have more free time in the summer I love to Basically, all of these events are chances for everyone in a
read, but I don’t read much while I’m studying. family to meet up and spend time together. Or, sometimes,
they mark important life stages. People often travel from far
Part 2 away to be there for celebrations, particularly weddings
I’m going to give you a subject to talk about. You which are relatively rare events. But I think every family is
have to talk about it for about two minutes. Before different. For some, special occasions are extremely
you start talking I’ll give you about one minute to important, and for others they are less important.
think and to write down some notes. Do you Should people be allowed to take important events as
understand what you are going to do? time off work?
Yes, I understand. I think they should be allowed to, if they want to, but they
Here’s a pen and some paper to write on. shouldn’t have to. Not everybody celebrates the same
This is your subject. I’d like you to describe an things in the same ways, so I think it makes sense to let
important event that takes place in your country. You people choose the times that are important for them to take
only have a short time to speak, so I will stop you off work. For example, if somebody needs to travel for a
after a while. Don’t worry about that. ... You can start wedding, they should be allowed to take time off to do that,
talking now. as much as possible. But that doesn’t mean they should get
I’m going to talk about New Year’s Eve celebrations, which more time off than somebody who doesn’t have a wedding
are very important in my country. I guess the reason they to go to!
take place is to mark the passage of time, and celebrate the
new year, and wish everyone good luck and good fortune in
the next year that’s ahead. The celebration takes place on
the night of December 31st and the morning of January 1st
each year. It’s traditional for everyone to stay awake until
midnight, when the year changes over. Lots of people go
247
Practice
Tests Key
Now I would like to talk to you about national events What kinds of events will countries celebrate in the
and celebrations. future?
What makes national events and celebrations popular I’m not sure. Perhaps in the future we will have some kind of
with people? new hero, perhaps someone will find a way to solve the
I guess these kinds of events are often things like parades or financial troubles the world is having at the moment, or
military displays, or fireworks for an independence day someone will manage to redistribute wealth in a fairer way.
celebration. I suppose they could be popular with people Then countries can have new national events celebrating
because they make people feel patriotic towards their what these people achieved. Or perhaps there will be more
country. It is like a celebration of identity. People feel like organised protests, or events like Earth Day, which will
they belong, and they are safe, because their country is serve to remind governments what people are concerned
powerful and important. with, rather than celebrating some kind of victory. On the
Are these kinds of events as popular now as they other hand, I think we will still have celebrations to honour
were in the past? people who fought in past wars, because their contributions
No, I don’t think they are as popular these days. There are a will always be significant, however much time has passed.
lot of political and economic problems nowadays, and it’s Thank you. The speaking test is now finished.
not very common to feel patriotic. Also, most countries
aren’t involved in wars, to the extent that they were in the
past, so currently it often seems that the government is
giving people trouble rather than protecting them. We could
say protests are more popular than national celebrations
these days.
248

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01OnScreen C1 Ts POL Contents.

qxp_01OnScreen C1 Ts POL Contents 12/7/18 11:45 AM Page 1

Jenny Dooley – Virginia Evans

Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

© Jenny Dooley – Virginia Evans, 2018

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2018

First published 2018

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

Module 7 ......................................................................................................................................... p. 116

Module 8 ......................................................................................................................................... p. 135

CLIL/Culture ................................................................................................................................... p. 156

Audioscripts ................................................................................................................................... p. 161

Evaluations .................................................................................................................................... p. 180

Workbook Key ............................................................................................................................... p. 196

Workbook Audioscripts ................................................................................................................ p. 216

Grammar Bank Key ....................................................................................................................... p. 235

Practice Tests Key .......................................................................................................................... p. 243

Introduction to the Teacher

On Screen C1 consists of eight modules. Each module

Each module contains the following sections:

IWB Study Skills

Reading texts Grammar Reference section

G Correcting students’ work I Using the ieBook for pronunciation and

Module 1 Who we are

1 To introduce new vocabulary

4 To practise new vocabulary by talking

10 To practise word formation 2 To practise the present tenses

1c Grammar in use b) I don’t usually start my shift until eleven. (present

• Give Ss time to act out their dialogues in pairs.

• Give Ss time to read the models and choose the

The models both match rubric A. Answer Key

1 used to 4 was talking

5 To revise everyday English expressions

6 To write an email giving advice

Pushing boundaries 2 Module

Lesson Objectives: to learn words/phrases related to Language Focus 2 38

2 To consolidate vocabulary from a text 5 a) To listen for specific information

2c Grammar in use Be sure to turn off the TV before you go.

1 a) To present/practise the future tenses 2 To practise the future tenses

• Give Ss time to prepare and act out their dialogue

8 a) To identify language style in writing 10 a) To match headings to content

Module 3 Widen your horizons

3b Vocabulary 44-45 Language Focus 3 56

10 To practise prepositional phrases.

Suggested Answer Key Give advice. Respond to the

3e Speaking skills time left, but today I didn’t remember anything! I

3 To practise key word transformations

Language Focus 3 the past)

5 To revise expressions used for giving and

Module 4 Health Matters

4a Reading 60-61 4f Writing 68-71

3 To introduce the topic and prepare Ss to

Listening & Speaking 4b Vocabulary

1 away 3 down 5 off

4c Grammar in use 3 To differentiate between meanings of

9 To practise key word transformations

Progress Check 4 1 can’t have/couldn’t have

1 To read for specific information 5 To revise phrases for agreeing/ disagreeing

Cause for Concern 5 Module

5f Writing 86-89 1 To introduce new vocabulary

5a Reading sack (n): a large bag

6 a) To present and practise collocations

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good

** Excellent * Very Good ** OK * Not Very Good