GLOBAL

INTERSTATE
SYSTEM
SOCSCIO32 – CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Prepared by: Ms. Michelle Jane D. Marfa, RPm

INTRODUCTION
State
• It
a political unit that has authority
over its own affairs. In other words, its
borders are recognized by other countries.
• It
views as the institution that created
warfare and sets economic policies for a
country.
INTRODUCTION
Treaty of
Westphalia of
1643
established the
notion of the
nation-state
and the idea of
sovereignty.
INTRODUCTION
• Withglobalization, some scholars
suggest a decrease in the power of
the state and that other “actors”
are actually becoming powerful.

 Is the idea of the nation-state outdated in

the contemporary world? If so, what is it we
need to think about as “replacements”?
 DEFINING
STATE AND
NATION
DEFINING
NATION AND STATE
• The state is a distinctive political
community with its own set of rules
and practices and that is more or
less separate from other
communities.
 It has four elements:
 People
 Territory
 Government
 Sovereignty
 ELEMENTS OF A STATE
It is effectively
controlled by:

SOVEREIGNTY
• The
TERRITORY government
regulates • a country’s
• A group of • An area of land relations independent
people who live and body of among its own authority and
in a place water that people and with the right to
belongs to or is other states. govern itself.
PERMANENT controlled by a
government
POPULATION
GOVERNMENT
It is It is formally
strengthened by: constituted with:
DEFINING
NATION AND STATE
• It
is important to differentiate the
idea of nation from state.
• Nation – refers to people
rather than any kind of
formal territorial
boundaries or
institutions.
• It is a collective identity
grounded on a notion of
shared history and culture.
EXAMPLE OF
NATION AND STATE

 State may refer to the Philippine • Nation may refer to our

government, the Philippine shared collective notion of
Territory, and its internal and democracy, our history, and
external sovereignty. our collective identity.
DEFINING
NATION AND STATE
• In
other words, state is a political
concept, while a nation is a cultural
aspect.
• States, through its formalized
institutions, more ore less
reflect nations.
DEFINING
NATION AND STATE
• This
brings us to the concept of the
nation-state.
It is a territory bounded
sovereign institution that
governs individuals sharing
a collective history, identity,
and culture.
Do civil society and
INGOs strengthen or
undermine the role of the
governments in
international relations?
Why or why not?
In what ways can the
state maintain its
sovereignty amid
globalization?
 RELEVANCE OF
THE STATE AMID
GLOBALIZATION
THE RELEVANCE OF THE
STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION
Variety of Arguments are made
including that Nation-Sates
continue to be the Major Players
on the Global Stage.

“Retain at least
some power in the
pace of
globalization”
(Gilpin, 2001)
THE RELEVANCE OF THE
STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION
Variety of Arguments are made
including that Nation-Sates
continue to be the Major Players
on the Global Stage

Beland (2008) argued

that “the role of the
state is enduring -
and even increasing
in advanced
industrial societies.”
THE RELEVANCE OF THE
STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION
Beland (2008) argued that “the role of the state is enduring and even increasing in
advanced industrial societies.”

He saw greater demands being placed on the state

because of four major sources of collective insecurity:

Terrorism Threats to Spread of Global

Economic
National Disease
Globalization
Identity
THE RELEVANCE OF THE
STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION

Further, the state does not only

respond to these threats, but
may also exaggerate or create
dangers, thereby making its
citizens more insecure.
THE RELEVANCE OF THE
STATE AMID GLOBALIZATION
Global processes of
various kinds are
not as powerful as
many believe.

“To see globalization as a

threat to, a constraint on,
the nation-state; it can also
be an opportunity for the
nation-state”
 INSTITUTIONS
THAT GOVERN
INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS
INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
• Peace
Treaties and Military Alliances:
the UN and NATO
• Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs)
• Global
Economic Associations: the
WTO and NAFTA
UNITED NATIONS
ORGANIZATION (UNO)
• It was coined by former US
President Franklin D.
Roosevelt in 1942.
• Founded on October 24, 1945
with 50 representatives
• As of 2011, there are 193
members
• Its headquarters is located in
New York City, New York, USA
• Its current Secretary-general is
Antonio Guterres
UNITED NATIONS
ORGANIZATION (UNO)
CENTRAL MISSION:

“Maintain
international peace
and security.”
UNITED NATIONS
ORGANIZATION (UNO)
• According to the UN (2011),
Peace and security are
maintained “by working to
prevent conflict; helping parties
in conflict make peace;
peacekeeping; and creating the
conditions to allow peace to hold
and flourish.”
UNITED NATIONS
ORGANIZATION (UNO)
THE GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
 It is the gathering of all of
the representatives of UN.
 It is held in a auditorium
where speeches are given.
 They provide form for
member states to express
their views and reach
consensus.
 Representatives from
different member states
can vote on issues.
 UNITED NATIONS
ORGANIZATION (UNO)
GENERAL FUNCTIONS:

Economic Issues Environmental Issues

Military Issues Human Protection

OTHER PROGRAMS OF UN
UNICEF
 United Nations Children’s
Emergency Fund
 Its primary goal is to help
children around the world where
they collect funds to distribute
emergency relief from famine,
poverty and diseases.
 They operate semi-independently
and rely on fundraising.
OTHER PROGRAMS OF UN
The Sustainable
Development Goals
 It covers a range of concerns for
the improvement of all aspects
of life.
 It is the UN’s post-2015 has an
agenda that showcases the
vision of the organization when
it comes to broader issues such
as climate change, disaster risk
reduction and gender equality.
OTHER PROGRAMS OF UN
United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
 It addresses environmental issues
such as pollution and hazardous
waste.
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
 It took efforts that mitigate climate
change like assessment of climate
science, facilitation of climate
agreements, and giving assistance to
countries to reduce emissions.
 OTHER PROGRAMS OF UN
International Court of Justice
(ICJ)
 It is located in Netherlands
 This is where countries can settle
disputes in a court of law and
where war criminals and rulers
who have done terrible things to
people can be put to trial for their
crimes.
 Variety of international courts and
tribunals created by UN such as
International Criminal Court
(ICC) and International Tribunal
for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)
OTHER PROGRAMS OF UN
 There are variety of UN-Sponsored human rights
treaties and agreements have been done for human
protection.
 Other mechanisms include:
 OHCHR – Office of the UN High Commissioner
for Human Rights
 UNDG-HRM – UN Development Group’s Human
Rights Mainstreaming Mechanism
 The Special Advisers on the Preventions of
Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect.
OTHER PROGRAMS OF UN
 There are also a legal instruments that help the
organization like the International Bill of Human
Rights which consist of three legal documents:
1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2. The International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights
3. The International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights.
UN – SECURITY COUNCIL
• UNcreated the Security
Council – a group of
countries decides what to do
when two or more countries
are waging war or are on the
verge of fighting.
• There
are 15 countries
who are members of the
UN Security Council
 UN – SECURITY COUNCIL
These are the members of the security council as of 2018.

Permanent members
Other 10 additional countries for two-year terms
UN – SECURITY COUNCIL
These are the members of the security council as of 2018.
Permanent members or the BIG FIVE

USA BRITAIN RUSSIA CHINA FRANCE

Other 10 additional countries for two-year terms, as of 2019

UN – SECURITY COUNCIL

The UN is being criticized as being

weak and is unable to stop wars.
This gave rise to
the institution
that plays a big
role in foreign
affairs – NATO.
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
NATO is a defensive treaty or military
alliance between the US, Canada and
25 European countries.
• Founded on April 4, 1949
in Washington, D.C., USA
• Its headquarters is located
at Brussels, Belgium.
• The current Secretary-
General is Jen Stoltenberg
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
This treaty and international
organization is based on the idea of
collective security.
The main purpose of this
formal alliance was to
defend each other from
the possibility of
communist Soviet Union
taking control of their
Nation.
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
The countries in this organization
basically agreed to combine their
militaries and announce to the
world that if a country messes
with one of its members, the other
countries will come to their
defense.
 NON-
GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATION
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
• Theseare organizations that are not tied
to any country which allows them to
operate freely throughout the world.
• Theyprovide emergency relief such as
food, water, and medical supplies for
those homes have been destroyed by
disaster or war.
• NGOs are neutral during wars.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
• Examples of NGOs are:
• RedCross is an
organization that
help those who are
wounded during
wars.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
• Examples of NGOs are:
• Doctors without
Borders provides
free emergency
healthcare in
disaster areas.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
• Examples of NGOs are:
• Oxfam fights
famine and
diseases.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
• Examples of NGOs are:
• Amnesty
international
speaks out human
rights and political
prisoners.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs)
• Examples of NGOs are:
• Savethe Children
Fund helps kids
gets health care
and education
END OF TOPIC
ANNOUNCEMENTS:
IMPORTANT • MIDTERM COVERAGE:
 Market Integration
DATES:  The Global Interstate System
JANUARY 13
• TYPE OF EXAMINATION
• No class, pay day  Modified True or False
JANUARY 14-18  Matching Type
 Multiple Choice
• Midterm Examinations  ???
JANUARY 20 • PERFECT SCORE: 70+
• Sinulog Rest Day
GLOBALIZATION
AND GLOBALISM
GLOBALIZATION AND
GLOBALISM
• Globalization – increase or decline in the degree of
globalism.
• Globalism – refers to the network of connections
that transcends distances of different countries in
the world.
 In other words, the links among
countries and people are better
associated with globalism while the
speed in which they become linked
with one another is globalization.
GLOBALIZATION AND
GLOBALISM
• We can also differentiate globalism and
globalization in terms of its “thickness”.
Globalism is thin, as it becomes thicker,
globalization happens.
This means that being able to
connect countries in the world
through a more dynamic and
faster way is globalization.
INFORMATIONALISM
INFORMATIONALISM
• This
technological
paradigm, associated
with computer, science
and modern
telecommunication,
that replaces
industrialism is called
informationalism.
INFORMATIONALISM
• It
is defined as the
exchange of information
and knowledge that
become the central in the
contemporary world.
• Thegrowth of information as
the binding force among
people, things, and places
around the globe
INFORMATIONALISM

• This
is due to the 3 of
the most cutting-edge
aspects of the social
world in general and
globalization in
particular, technology,
media and internet.
INFORMATIONALISM

• This
is due to the 3 of
the most cutting-edge
aspects of the social
world in general and
globalization in
particular, technology,
media and internet.
INFORMATIONALISM
MEDIA
• McLuhan and Flore (2006) argued
that the New Media Age, the
importance lies in the medium,
the way in which the message is
transmitted, not necessarily in the
content presented through the
medium
• Guy De Bord (1994), French Social
theorist, emphasize in his media
spectacle the sophistication and
ubiquity of spectacular visual in
televisions.
INFORMATIONALISM
INTERNET
• Online social networking,
spam, and computer viruses, it
is the internet that binds them
all.
• The internet is a work of the
contemporary world according
to Ritzer (2015).
• Internet has prompted a flat
world basis, anyone can be
included in it, at least
theoretically
INFORMATIONALISM
• Whileglobalization
allowed the expansion
of information, access
to modern technologies
is not a universal
matter that is available
to every person around
the world.
INFORMATIONALISM
• Technologies are
limited by certain
barriers.
These barriers
include lack of
electricity, illiteracy,
weak financial
systems and
government
regulations
END OF TOPIC