Jamaya

Zoe
period
7
Equality in America
… Fact or Fiction
Jim
Crow !
My project will determine how
Jim Crow laws are still
affecting the African
American community today.
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that
enforced racial segregation in the Southern
United States. All were enacted in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries by white
Democratic-dominated state legislatures after
the Reconstruction period. The laws were
enforced until 1965.
Introducing Jim Crow
Jim Crow was the name of the racial caste system which
operated primarily, but not exclusively in southern and
border states, between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Jim Crow
was more than a series of rigid anti-black laws. It was a
way of life.(JIM CROW LAWS EXPAND)Segregation was
enforced for public pools, phone booths, hospitals,
asylums, jails and residential homes for the elderly and
handicapped. Some states required separate textbooks
black and white students. New Orleans mandated the
segregation of prostitutes according to race.
The origin of the phrase "Jim Crow" has often been
attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance
caricature of blacks performed by white actor Thomas D.
Rice in blackface, which first surfaced in 1832 and was
used to satirize Andrew Jackson's populist policies. The
Jim Crow persona was a racist theater character by
Thomas D. Rice and an ethnic depiction in accordance
with contemporary white ideas of African-Americans and
their culture. The character was based on a folk trickster
named Jim Crow that had long been popular among
black slaves.
History backstory
The Jim Crow person was a racist theatre character by Thomas D. Rice and an
ethnic depiction in accordance with contemporary white ideas of
African-Americans and their culture. The character was based on a folk
trickster named Jim Crow that had long been popular among black slaves.
Rice also adapted and popularized a traditional slave song called "Jump Jim
Crow". The character is dressed in rags and wears a battered hat and torn
shoes. Rice blackened his face and hands using burnt cork and impersonated
a very nimble and irreverently witty African American field hand who sang,
"Come listen all you galls and boys, I'm going to sing a little song, my name is
Jim Crow, weel about and turn about and do this so, every time I weel about I
jump Jim Crow."
The turn of the century saw states across the south ratcheting up Jim Crow
laws, affecting every section of daily life. Segregated waiting rooms in
professional offices were required, as well as water fountains, restrooms,
building entrances, elevators, cemeteries, even amusement-park cashier
windows. Laws forbade African Americans from living in white neighborhoods.
Segregation was enforced for public pools, phone booths, hospitals, asylums,
jails and residential homes for the elderly and handicapped.

Some states required separate textbooks black and white students. New
Orleans mandated the segregation of prostitutes according to race. In Atlanta,
African Americans in court were given a different Bible from whites to swear on.
Marriage and cohabitation between whites and blacks was strictly forbidden in
most southern states.

It was not uncommon to see signs posted at town and city limits warning
African Americans that they were not welcome there.
Jim Crow offers the first comprehensive look at race relations in
America between the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. This
definitive four-part series documents a brutal and oppressive era
rooted in the growing refusal of many Southern states to grant slaves
freed in the Civil War equal rights with whites. A life of crushing
limitation for Southern Blacks, defined by legal segregation known as
"Jim Crow" - after a minstrel routine in which whites painted their
faces black - shaped the social, political and legal history of the
period. In 1954, with the Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of
Education, the Jim Crow laws and way of life began to fall.
The post-World War II era saw an increase in civil rights activities in the black

community, with a focus on ensuring that black citizens were able to vote. This
ushered in a decades-long effort in the civil rights movement resulting in the
removal of Jim Crow laws.
In 1948 President Harry Truman ordered integration in the military, and in 1954,
the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that educational
segregation was unconstitutional. In 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed
the Civil Rights Act, which legally ended discrimination and segregation that
had been institutionalized by Jim Crow laws. And in 1965, the Voting Rights Act
ended efforts to keep minorities from voting. The Fair Housing Act of 1968, which
ended discrimination in renting and selling homes, followed. Jim Crow laws were
technically off the books, though that has not always guaranteed full
integration or adherence to anti-racism laws throughout the United States.
The legal principle of "separate but equal" racial segregation was extended to public facilities
and transportation, including the coaches of interstate trains and buses. Facilities for African
Americans and Native Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to the
facilities for white Americans; sometimes, there were no facilities for people of color. As a body of
law, Jim Crow institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages for African
Americans and other people of color living in the South.
Jim Crow laws and Jim Crow state constitutional provisions mandated the segregation of public
schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants,
and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was already segregated. President
Woodrow Wilson, a Southern Democrat, initiated the segregation of federal workplaces in 1913.
In 1954, segregation of public schools (state-sponsored) was declared unconstitutional by the
U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren in landmark case Brown v. Board of
Education. In some states, it took many years to implement this decision, while the Warren Court
continued to rule against the Jim Crow laws in other cases such as Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v.
United States (1964). Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act
of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
The Main Theme for the History
backstory is, Jim Crow was an act
of some sort to fit in with the black
culture and spy on the getaways
and plans to have freedom.
Examples ● Alabama. Nurses: No person or
corporation shall require any white
female nurse to nurse in wards or
rooms in hospitals, either public or
private, in which negro men are
placed.
● Arizona
● Florida
● Georgia
● Kentucky
● Louisiana
● Maryland
● Mississippi
This sign represents
how the white people
were the only ones who
could go to public
places. “For the
exclusive use of white
people” meaning no
blacks allowed or seen
in their presences.
This image shows how they had to overcome and vote for freedom and the
decrease in the jim crow laws. The flag in the background symbolize their freedom
and faith in the country to be free once and for all.
 The sign on the
right
represents the
racism of how
the whites
wanted to rule
the country or
area they were
in. They wanted
to kill everyone
who were
Jewish and had
any bit of color
in their skin.
World War 2
was fought
@_kingofslay_ Corset from
#conceitedjeneration: over for the
@__.conceited_j 👻
flag.
The left
picture
indicates the
characteristic
of the Jim
Crow
character. This
character was
a troll to fit in
with blacks to
see what they
were up to and
what they had
planned to
stop slavery
and
segregation.
The middle
picture in this
image shows
how blacks
could not
attend. Only
Whites were
able to be
served and
use certain
objects and
materials.
The picture
indicates how
the blacks
were treated
in they were
along. Blacks
couldn't
resist and
attempt to
fight back
cause whites
had more
rights.
conclusion
When World War II erupted and the United States entered the conflict,
Jim Crow laws were still in force. Racial segregation was an integral
part of society in some parts of the country, and so black men who
served in the military were assigned to segregated divisions. Black
servicemen were given lesser support positions such as
grave-digging or cooking, and they were served food in separate lines
from white servicemen. At first, black servicemen did not engage in
combat, but as the war went on, increasing numbers were placed in
front-line positions, where they served with distinction.
The Civil Rights Act of 1875, introduced by Charles Sumner and
Benjamin F. Butler, stipulated a guarantee that everyone, regardless of
race, color, or previous condition of servitude, was entitled to the
same treatment in public accommodations, such as inns, public
transportation, theaters, and other places of recreation. This Act had
little effect. An 1883 Supreme Court decision ruled that the act was
unconstitutional in some respects, saying Congress was not afforded
control over private persons or corporations. With white southern
Democrats forming a solid voting bloc in Congress, due to having
outsize power from keeping seats apportioned for the total
population in the South (although hundreds of thousands had been
disenfranchised), Congress did not pass another civil rights law until
1957.
 In the Jim Crow context, the
presidential election of 1912 was steeply
slanted against the interests of black
Americans.[27] Most blacks still lived in
the South, where they had been
effectively disfranchised, so they could
not vote at all. While poll taxes and
literacy requirements banned many
poor or illiterate Americans from voting,
these stipulations frequently had
loopholes that exempted European
Americans from meeting the
requirements.
Native Americans, like African Americans, were also affected by the Jim Crow laws, especially after they were made citizens
through the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924. Native American identity was especially targeted by a system that only wanted to
recognize white or colored, and the government began to question the legitimacy of some tribes because they had
intermarried with African Americans. The Office of Indian Affairs (OIA) employed anthropometrics to determine the blood
quantum of Native Americans in the South, and declared that the only individuals who could claim Native American identity
were those determined to be half- or full-blooded Native Americans, making individuals even more vulnerable to Jim Crow
laws. Native Americans who were part white or light-complexioned would often pass as white to avoid the persecution of the
Jim Crow laws, while family members with reddish-brown skin could not. Native Americans in the South were especially
affected through their education, as schools in the native communities, like black schools, were poorly funded; some Native
American children attended "colored" schools. Immediate citizenship didn't change the views that White Americans had
about Native Americans, and voter suppression was a tactic that was used against Native Americans in the South. States
used five basic arguments in justifying the denial of voting rights to Native Americans: failure to sever tribal ties makes
Native Americans ineligible; "Native Americans not taxed"; Native Americans that are under guardianship; reservation
Indians are not residents; and tribal sovereignty precludes participation in state and local governments. Jim Crow laws were
carried over into the West; some states did not allow Native Americans to vote, or made it difficult for them to reach the
ballot boxes. A disproportionate lack of access to voter registration was often made with Native Americans having to travel
excessive miles from a reservation.
After World War II ended, America’s segregation policies were put under the
microscope. President Harry Truman created a committee to investigate the issue,
and in 1948, Truman issued an executive order that eliminated racial
discrimination in all of the military branches. The tide began to turn noticeably
toward equality in the following years with a series of Supreme Court victories for
civil rights. Black people finally began breaking down racial barriers and
challenging segregation with success, and the pinacle of this effort was the
passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which abolished the Jim Crow laws. This
law outlawed discrimination in any type of public accommodation. In 1965, the
Voting Rights Act followed, which protected black people’s right to vote by barring
discriminatory voting laws.