GECSTS MODULE 3

AGUSTIN, APRIL JOY B. BPED-1B

A. ENGAGE

Based on your readings, describe how advanced Science & Technology is in the Philippines
during

the Pre-Colonial Period; Spanish, American & Japanese colonization; and Post-Colonial Period.

__The Philippines' pre-colonial period lasted from the 15th to the 17th centuries. There was little written
information about Philippine society, culture, and technology prior to the arrival of Spaniards in 1521 in
the history of science and technology in the Philippines. During the Pre-Spanish-Era, Filipinos were
already engaged in the field of engineering, and the Banaue Rice Terraces in Ifugao were one of the best
products they developed at the time. Furthermore, the colonization of the Philippines aided the
advancement of science and technology or field of technology. The Spanish established scientific
institutions and formalized education. Parish schools were established during the early years of Spanish
rule in the Philippines to teach religion, reading, writing, arithmetic, and music. Sanitation and more
advanced agricultural methods were taught to the early Filipinos, allowing them to improve their
agricultural land. During the Spanish Colonial period, in addition to formal education, scientific
institutions were introduced to bring sanitation and more advanced agricultural methods to the natives
of the Philippine archipelago for improvement. Aside from religion, the Spanish friars contributed to
academics and science because they were the first scientists to improve the natives' lives and discover the
potential for people improvement. They also contributed to the engineering fields, which built many
infrastructure projects such as government buildings, churches, forts, roads, and bridges, as well as
railroads (Manila-Dagupan line). The study of medicine and biology is typically the given focus for the
study of the natural potential of flora and fauna for the economy and people. However, the Galleon trade
is more focused than agricultural and industrial development, which has been relatively neglected, so
since the opening of the Suez Canal, many Europeans have visited the colony and some Filipinos have
studied in Europe, influencing the scientific ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. Science and technology in
the American period were more modernized and prioritized than in the Spanish period, with a primary
focus on research for tropical diseases, agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and pharmacy.
However, due to the free trade agreement between the United States and the Philippines, industrial
technology was not given much attention. What you call "Japanese colonization" lasted only three and a
half years, with much of that time spent fighting between Japan, the United States, and US-backed
Filipino guerrillas. The Philippines was only temporarily free of American colonial rule (1898 to 1946).
Looking back at the history of the Korean Peninsula, it is clear that Japanese annexation almost
transformed the desolate, unsanitary, backward region into a relatively modernized place in just 35
years. During this time, the region's population and agricultural output more than doubled, and they
were provided with industrial, medical, and educational infrastructure that did not exist prior to Japanese
annexation. Their Hangul writing system was sophisticated and reintroduced by the Japanese to improve
literacy among the masses, which was nearly non-existent at the time of Japanese annexation. Slavery
was abolished by the Japanese administration. And so on.All of this happened over the course of 35
years. Nonetheless, until the final day of WW2, the Korean region was reliant on Tokyo subsidies. In
comparison to this "Korean model," 3.5 years is a little too short. The "Korean model" has the added
benefit of nearly 75 years of post-World War II financial and technical support from Japan. The Japanese
performed the "Miracle of the Han River" for the Koreans and, most recently, launched the Korean
satellite (based on US technology) with the Mitsubishi H2A rocket, while simultaneously giving all credit
to the Koreans. Japan is now battling to put an end to this extravagant and never-ending
package.Because they sense this, the Koreans are making more noise than ever with their anti-Japan
propaganda. The United Nations has recognized science and technology as essential components of
development policies since the early 1960s. While this link was initially perceived as the application of
findings from scientific research conducted in the Global North, by the 1970s, in the context of
negotiations for a New International Economic Order, focus shifted to the structures of global science
management. As a result, in 1979, the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for
Development discussed ways to strengthen scientific and technological research and education,
particularly in developing countries. Disputes arose during subsequent negotiations over how to fund
science-supporting programs. When the G77 nations presented plans involving automatic financing
schemes, these concepts proved incompatible with important industrialized countries' insistence that all
financial contributions be voluntary.

B. EXPLORE

With a concrete picture of Scientific and Technological standing in the Philippines in the various period,

describe the governing authorities' inclination to Science & Technology in those

timelines.

__ Humanity is at a fork in the road. Current social science theory and public policy are insufficient to
address the multidimensional challenges posed by rising social aspirations, unemployment and
inequality, wasteful production and consumption patterns, market globalization, technological advances,
demographic changes, and ecological constraints. Incremental changes in public policy based on the
current conceptual framework will only exacerbate already severe problems. At the same time, global
society's resources and capabilities have never been greater than they are today. Scientific
understanding, technological advancements, infrastructure and productive capabilities, educated and
skilled human resources, entrepreneurial skills, commercial organization, and a rapidly expanding global
social network provide unprecedented opportunities for rapid social progress. Our problems stem from a
mismatch between resources and opportunities: social science theory that is disconnected from real-
world functioning, financial markets that siphon funds away from real-world investment, capital and
technology-intensive manufacturing strategies that eliminate labor, resulting in higher unemployment
and falling consumer purchasing power, educational systems that fail to impart the knowledge and skills
required by the labor market, and energizing.
Are there existing laws or policies the governing authorities had created in the various period paving the
way to the nation’s dynamic economic growth?

__Yes, martial law or military rule is in effect.