Worksheet for Primary vs.

Secondary Sources on Tejeros Convention (1897)

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of a General Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses

(Seed of Discontent)

Author’s background Santiago Alvarez is renowned as the Kidlat ng Teodoro Andal Agoncillo was a prominent 20th-
Apoy because of his loyalty and bravery as a century Filipino historian and national scientist who
commander of war. On July 25, 1872, he was was born in Lemery, B. His new brand of
born in Imus, Cavite. He was a member of the historiography abandoned traditional methods of
Philippine military and was considered a hereo in
writing Philippine history in favor of a more
the struggle against Spain. Filipino-centric approach, which saw events unfold
through the eyes of Filipinos. His works have
become mandatory reading for anybody interested
Santiago Alvarez is one of the Magdiwang in Philippine history, and they are considered
Council's members and allies, and he observed classic literature. He was both a poet and a writer.
the election's occurrences.

When was the account The account was authored by Santiago Lavarez in The account was written in 1947 and was later
written? (Context) 1927, according to the Journal of Southeast Asian published in 1956.
Studies. The Katipuneros came to the conclusion
that they are fighting for their native land's
liberation, not as bandits. It was later published in
the Tagalog weekly Sampaguita from July 24,
1927 to April 15, 1928.

Mention of date(s) March 25, 1987 Middle of December 1896

 - In Tejeros, a meeting was held. - Bonifacio is on his way to Cavite.
- At the presidential table, the leaders were
divided into two groups: Magdiwang and January 02, 1897
Magdalos Council. - Bonifacio sent a letter to his uncle Mariano
- Supremo Bonifacio and Daniel Tirona Alvarez concerning the Magdiwang
have a misunderstanding. insurgents; a celebration was held at
- Bonifacio said that the issues discussed Noveleta.
during the meeting are null and void. - Town fiesta of San Francisco de Malabon

April 1897
March 26, 1897 - The town was taken by the Spaniards.
- President Baldomero Aguinaldo March 22, 1897
summoned another meeting, but only a
few Magdiwang leaders showed up. - A battle was happened in Salitran between
Spaniards and Magdalo warriors;
March 27, 1897 Aguinaldo's birthday; and an assembly took
- New information on the Tanza meeting place in Tejeros.
appeared.

Mention of place Tejeros Cavite

- the location of the meeting - the revolutionary province

Tanza's parish house Talisay, Batangas

- where the alleged Magdalo leaders' - where Magdalo government resides

meeting will take place
Nasugbu, Tuwi and Look
Cavite
 - the revolutionary province - where Magdiwang government resides

Zapote

- where Emilio Aguinaldo, Candido Tirona

and Edilberto Evangelista will meet the
Supremo, Andres Bonifacio

San Francisco de Malabon

- where the capital of Magdiwang was moved

Kawit

- Magdalo’s capital

House of Juan Castaneda in Imus

- where Bonifacio was brought by the rebel

leaders

Key personalities  Supremo Andres Bonifacio  Supremo Andres Bonifacio

 Emilio Aguinaldo  Emilio Aguinaldo
 Santiago V. Alvarez (Magdiwang)  Daniel Tirona - broke the meeting rules and
 Daniel Tirona – broke the meeting rules insulted the elected Jose del Rosario
and insulted the elected Jose del Rosario  President Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Mariano Alvarez
 President Baldomero Aguinaldo – leader
of Magdalo

Sequencing of events  The Tejeros Convention was held on  In Cavite, the Katipunan is divided into two
March 22, 1897 at San Francisco de factions: Magdalo and Magdiwang.
(use additional sheet if Malabon, Cavite, between the Magdiwang  Bonifacio was summoned to his
necessary) and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan.
 A disagreement between Mr. Severino de
las Alas and Andres Bonifacio prompted
General Apoy to intervene.
 The disagreement was finally settled by
Trinidad, Jose Rizal's sister, and his
widow.
 Andres Bonifacio and Daniel Tirono had a
misunderstanding, forcing the former to
point his revolver towards the latter.
 Bonifacio proclaimed the convention's
proceedings null and void and exited
hastily.
 At Terejos, President Baldomero
Aguinaldo sought a meeting of
reconciliation.
 There was no sign of the Magdalo faction.
 Those elected at the Tejeros Convention
knelt before the crucifix and took their
oath under the direction of Fr. Villafranca,
Cenon
 Magdalo troops guard the oath-taking
ceremonies inside the parish in Tanza.
Differences between the The events depicted in this book centered on the
two accounts Tejeros convention election, as well as what
occurred on election day in Tejeros. It focuses on
a specific event and how the delegation of
individuals was carried out. And it isn't noted
here that Andres Bonifacio wrote a letter to his
uncle, and the Tejeros Convention is believed to
have taken place on March 25. 1897.
battlegrounds of Montalban and Mariquina
to mediate the Magdalo-Magdiwang schism.
 Esteban San Juan encouraged them to join
him in a parade around Imus, which he did.
 With both parties increasingly divided
against one another, a convention assembly
was held in Imus to try to reconcile the
schism between the two sides.
 The meeting was postponed when no
tangible outcomes were obtained.
 While the Magdalo fought the Spanish, the
Magdiwang convened another meeting.
 The election has taken place.
 Daniel Tirona protested to Jose del Rosario
being elected as better officer.
 Bonifacio threatened Tirona with a rifle.
 The election was declared null and void.
 Bonifacio wrote to his uncle-in-law Mariano
Alvarez, expressing his dissatisfaction with
how he was treated during the assembly. He
also wrote to Emilio Jacinto, expressing his
opposition to the idea of forming a new
government.
On March 22, 1897, Aguinaldo's birthday, the
Tejeros Convention took place. The Magdalo
President Baldomero Aguinaldo did not say
whether he wanted to continue the disrupted
assembly, but the Magdalo members did not show
up at the agreed-upon location. The events
surrounding Agoncillo obscured what occurred
before to the Tejeros conference. He cited
significant events that occurred before or during the
 convention.

Your own analysis of the The author is considered an eyewitness This account seemed more complex than the
differences between the considering that he is one of the members of primary source it described activities that occurred
two accounts Magdiwang and was also present in the Tejeros before, during, and after the assembly. However,
convention which leads it to being bias because there were incidents that were not described at all in
he was only able to write his experience and the the original source, and vice versa.
group where he belonged from his own
perspective. The content from this account seems
to be shorter than the secondary source. When
reading the Memoir of a General, you can
understand how they ran their government, even
if others disagreed with their actions. Prior to
dealing with the little concerns, they concentrated
on the main ones.

of Tirona shouting and not paying respect to their

agreement and the results of the election.

Author’s bias
What is about the author that could possibly influence is
narrative to be biased?
- His narrative may be biased because he is part of
the Magdiwang Council and is close to Andres Bonifacio.
Contribution of the
document to the grand
narrative of Philippine
History
What idea(s) does the document provides in helping us
understand about our past as a people?
- As you go over with the Memoir of a General, you
can see how they managed/handled their government
even though others are not in favor of their decisions.
They focused on the major issues before dealing with the
minor ones. Even though people are not able to attend
graduate or attend school, they are still able to contribute
and do something good. In that case, people should be
respectful towards one another and refrain from
discriminating such people.