NAME + DEFINITION SIGN AND SYMPTOMS ETIOLOGY PT ASSESSMENT PT MANAGEMENT

Traumatic brain injury; Spasticity - Road accident Passive movement Postural alignment
-Brain injury caused by muscle weakness - Industrial accident Balance test (BBS) Weight transfer
trauma (external physical loss of vision and fall Weight bearing
force) to the head including change in speech - Sporting accidents Fx mvmt
the effects upon the brain of loss of coordination & balance - Attempted suicides Gait training
other possible complication - Interpersonal
violence
Parkinson disease Rigidity Genetic Cognitive fx; MMSE Exercises; mobility, stretch
progressive, Bradykinesia Environment Psychosocial fx Posture
neurodegenerative disorder Tremor Age Sensation test Balance
affecting the Postural instability Ms fx; ROM, posture, ms Strength exs
dopamineproducing cells in performance Gait
the substantia nigra within Motor fx; rigidity; PM, Facial expressions
the basal ganglia bradykinesia; open close Breathing exs
hands, tremor
Postural instability
Gait
SCI; Paraplegia Paralysis/paresis Accident Respiratory examination Spasticity
Loss of sensation Gunshot ROM Pain
Muscle tone Acts of violence Muscle strength Skin care
Contact sports Sensation Bed mobility
Falls Proprioception Sitting, lifting, transfer
Balance Wh/chair mobility
Functional analysis Upper limb strengthening
ambulation Respiratory mx
Gait training
SCI; Quadriplegia Paralysis Accident ASIA Strengthening
Muscle tone: UMN/LMN Myotome/ dermatome Respiratory; incentive
Loss of sensation Muscle tone spirometry, cough, suction
Resp. prob Reflex Spasticity; positioning, ppm
Loss of bowel control Respiration fx assessment Pain; TENS, positioning
Skin care; cushion
Bed mobility
Sitting balance
 Wheelchair mobility
UL strengthening
Ambulation
Facial’s palsy Droopy eyelid Child birth trauma Observation Massage
abrupt onset of unilateral Dry eye Multiple sclerosis Sensation test Superficial heat therapy
weakness of upper and Facial paralysis Head trauma palpation TENS
lower muscles of one side Twitching Parotid tumor Ultrasound
of the face with no apparent Drooping corner of mouth DM Active movement (facial
cause Impaired taste expression)
Resistance exercise
(unaffected side)
Mirror therapy
Radial and tibial nerve Radial- extensor (wrist drop)  Laceration (a cut or Pain management;
injury Tibial-DF TA (foot drop) tear in the nerve Massage
tissue) TENS
 Severe bruising Free-active exs
(contusion) Stretching
 Gunshot wounds. PNF strengthening
 Stretching (traction) Nerve gliding exercise
 Drug injection
injury.
 Electrical injury
Motor Neuron Disease UMN/ LMN Environmental, toxic, viral, Joint mobility. Exercise; Mobilising
group of related diseases Muscle weakness or genetic factors Muscle length. exercise, stretching
affecting the motor (paresis/paralysis) Muscle strength. exercise, strengthening
neurones in the brain and Spasticity Spasticity. exercise, and aerobic
spinal cord; Hyperflexia Posture. exercise
Clonus Balance. Resp. system ; deep
Hypertonia Exercise tolerance breathing exs
Respiration Secretion mx; breathing,
Transfer coughing, suction
Mobility locomotion Pain mx; positioning,
stretching, mobilising
Muscular dystrophy  Sway back Genetics Ms; Stretching
genetic disorder that  Foot drops due to ROM, posture Hydrotherapy
weakens the muscles and
impaired in body movement
Multiple sclerosis
disease that causes a
progressive destruction of
myelin sheaths surrounding
neurons in CNS.
Cerebellar disorder
number of specific motor
impairments that impact
coordinated movement
BPPV
GBS (Guillain Barre
Syndrome);
described as a collection of
muscle weakness Resp. fx. Educate on good posture;
 Knee bend backward sitting, standing
(d/t weight bearing) Aerobic endurance training
 Thick thigh (d/t fat) Resp. (in.spi. ass.cough)
positioning
• Spastic paralysis. Unknown; autoimmune Cognitive test; MMSE Skin care (positioning)
• Deep tendon reflexes disease Sensation Pain mx (stretch, massage,
are increased. ROM postural, hydrotherapy)
• Bilateral extensor MMT Exercise therapy; stretching
planter response Fatigue Spasticity; cryotherapy/ ice
• Nystagmus. Motor fx bath. PNF
• Weakness Posture Locomotor training
• Sensory disturbances Balance education
• Ataxia Gait Resp; incentive spirometer
• Difficulties w muscle Locomotion/mobility
fx
problem more to tone and • hypoxia at birth or Finger-to-finger and finger- PNF
movement such as hypotonus, later in life to-nose test Mat activities
dyssynergia, dysmetria, • brain trauma (tremor/dysmetria) PNF stretch
intention tremor, nystagmus • tumour Heel-t-shin test Frenkel’s exercise
• infection such as Rebound test
encephalitis Rapid ult. Movement
• demyelination Romberg test
disease such as
multiple sclerosis
 Vertigo and dizziness Otoconia enters semi- Dix-Hallpike test
 Balance and spatial circular canal Epley and Semont
orientation Maneuvers
 Vision
 Hearing
 Cognitive &
psychological
- Abnormal sensations Antecedent infections - Mental function - Muscle weakness;
- Muscle weakness - Campylobacter (MMSE) hydrotherapy, PNF,
- Abnormal reflex jejuni (C.jejuni) - Pain aerobic training
clinical syndromes that
manifests as an acute
inflammatory
polyradiculoneuropathy
with resultant weakness and
diminished reflexes.
- Pain - Cytomegalovirus - Sensory ax - Pain; wrap, TENS,
- Respiratory muscle Vaccinations - Motor function massage,
weakness Other antecedent events (ROM, ms strength, positioning
- Breathing difficulty reflex test, facial, - ROM; Massage,
- Difficulty in talking gait, balance, motor stretching, passive
and swallowing performance, mvmt. Active mvmt
- Urinary/gastrointestinal functional testing) - Resp. fx; suction,
dysfunction - Respiratory fx PD, positiong
- Facial weakness - Sensory loss
- Autonomic - Sensory ataxia;
disturbance repeating mvmt
- Gait ataxia; gait
aids, balance
training