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STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ANALYSIS REPORT FOR THE

PROPOSED GSM SITE

SITE NAME: GREENSPAN MALL

SEPTEMBER, 2020
INVESTIGATED AND REPORTED BY:

MARK & MYLES CONSULTING

Registered Civil/Structural Engineers & Project Management Experts
PO Box 64025-00620 Nairobi
Email: info@mark-myles.com
Tel: +254 722270660/+254 715593385

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CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 3

1.2 THE BRIEF ............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.3 SITE LOCATION ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 EXISTING BUILDING STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................ 4
1.5 VISUAL INSPECTION REPORT ............................................................................................................. 4
1.6 STUDY METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................... 11
1.7 DESIGN LOADING AND REFERENCE CODES ................................................................................ 11
2 STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION .................................................................................................... 11

2.1 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ................................................................................................................... 11

2.2 PROPOSED SITE LAYOUT .................................................................................................................. 13
3 INTEGRITY ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 13

3.1 STRUCTURAL ASSUMPTIONS ............................................................................................................ 13

3.2 GRILLAGE LOADING CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................ 14
Proposed additional Loads ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.3 CALCULATIONS SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 16
4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 16

4.1 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 16

4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 16
5 APPENDICES......................................................................................................................... 18

5.1 APPENDIX – ADDITIONAL COMPUTATIONS .................................................................................. 19

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of a structural analysis exercise carried out for the
existing 2-storey (Ground + 2 Floors) building located along Savannah road at
approximately 2.2 kilometres from Total Donholm Service station, along Outer ring
road, Nairobi County. A team of registered professional engineers carried out the
structural site survey on the 22nd day of September 2020, having been duly
commissioned by Tesla.

1.2 THE BRIEF

According to the brief, the proposed equipment comprising of;
 1No. BTS Cabinet (Weight 200Kgs)
 1No. Service Rack (Weight 1400Kgs)
 1No. 12m High stub tower
Shall be installed onto this building. (Refer to appendices for the proposed site
layout schematics). This will result to an increase in the structural loading to the
existing structures. This additional loading will manifest itself in the following form;
 Vertical loading – resulting from equipment self-weights due to
gravitational forces.
 Possible horizontal loading due to increased wind loading surface
area.

The purpose of this investigation is to review;

 Review of the overall condition of the building and affirm its existing
structural integrity.
 The ability of the existing structure to carry additional/new load as
highlighted above.
 Prepare a professional report complete with conclusions and
recommendations to aide the client towards further decision-making.

1.3 SITE LOCATION

This is a rooftop site building is located along Savannah road at approximately 2.2
kilometres from Total Donholm Service station, along Outer ring road, Nairobi
County.

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1.4 EXISTING BUILDING STRUCTURE

The building consists of a 2-level reinforced concrete structure with a reinforced
concrete roof. The entire building is used as a commercial utility. The partition walls
are in masonry works with openings largely limited to doors and windows. The
access to the roof as well as all other upper floors is via a reinforced concrete
staircase running from the ground floor.
The load-bearing configuration consists of columns, beams, slabs and masonry
walls. The columns are rectangular/square of varying sizes depending on the
location and structural demands. Columns and beams bind masonry walls
together. Windows have been provided with reinforced concrete lintels. The
staircase is a dog-leg fashioned supported onto a combination of beams, columns
and load-bearing walls.

1.5 VISUAL INSPECTION REPORT

Building’s Perspective View

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Proposed site location at the rooftop

Proposed site location at

the roof level.

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Staircase view

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View below the proposed site location

Notice the extensive

deterioration due to water
leakages from the roof

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Notice the cracks

extensions

Notice the huge structural cracks

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1.6 STUDY METHODOLOGY

The following tasks were undertaken on the building to determine its structural
capacity;
 Visual inspection of the entire building structure.
 Assessment of the load transfer paths from the rooftop to the
foundations. Particular attention was given to the area over which
additional load will be mounted.
 Assessment of any existing deterioration of the structure including
cracks, wear, and deflections.
 Extensive rebar scanning exercise to enable understanding of the
existing reinforcement detailing.
 Structural analysis using all available data to ascertain the ability of
the structure to handle and sustain its existing load.
 Determination of the building‘s capacity to support additional load
without further reinforcement requirement.
 Preparation of conclusions and recommendations

1.7 DESIGN LOADING AND REFERENCE CODES

The following loadings were considered in this analysis;
 Dead Load (Gk) – This is the load resulting from interaction between
the building elements and the downward gravitational pull (Self
weight). The determination of dead loads has been done to BS 8110
guidelines
 Live loads (Qk) – These are loads resulting from the imposed elements
including human users and all other movable loads. Determination of
live loads has been based on BS 6399 guidelines.
 Additional Equipment Loads- determination of equipment loading has
been based on supplier catalogues and subjected to factors of safety
as appropriate.

2 STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION

2.1 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

The following are the details of the existing structures onto which the
proposed new site shall be supported, as measured-out/confirmed on site;
 Slab – All raised slabs were noted to be 150mm thick supported on
beams along all edges. The reinforcement placement was noted to
vary from location to location in alignment to design loads and
curtailment needs.
 Beams – All beams were noted to interconnect columns at different
locations in a design configuration. Beams serve to support all slabs,

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act as struts in resistance to horizontal loading and tie columns

together for overall structural integrity. Significant cracking and
extensive water ingress into the underlying beams were noted. Water
ingress into reinforced concrete structures have the unfortunate effect
of enhancing reinforcement bar corrosion, rusting and loss of strength.
 Columns – Column sizes were noted to vary across the building. In
particular, the columns at the roof level upon which our site hall be
installed were noted to be 650x450mm in plan dimensions. Significant
cracking and extensive water ingress into the underlying beams,
columns and walls were noted. Water ingress into reinforced concrete
structures have the unfortunate effect of enhancing reinforcement
bar corrosion, rusting and loss of strength.
 Foundations – All visible columns were identified to run from roof to
below the ground to design configurations and spacing. This study
was not able to access the underground foundation layouts.
Foundation behaviour has therefore strictly been based on the
assumptions made under part 3 below.

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2.2 PROPOSED SITE LAYOUT

PROPOSED 12M
STUB TOWER
EXISTING 900mm ON STEEL PLATFORM
PARAPET WALL TO SE DETAILS

6400
EXISTING
300x300mm 500 4300 900 500
RC COLUMN EXISTING
300x300mm
900 500

RC COLUMN
4800

STRUCTURAL GRILLAGE TO
3300

ENGINEER'S DETAILS
+11.60m

EXISTING
EXISTING 300x300mm
300x300mm RC COLUMN
RC COLUMN
PROPOSED GREENSPAN SITE
LAYOUT
The proposed site location is over the existing staircase facing the external Power
room to the back of the complex.

3 INTEGRITY ANALYSIS

3.1 STRUCTURAL ASSUMPTIONS

The following are the assumptions made during this evaluation;
 Concrete Class 20 (Worst case) has been used for all structural
elements.
 Cover to reinforcement is 20mm minimum for all structural
elements.

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 All foundations are supported on firm ground with not less than
100Kn/m2 in bearing capacity. It is also assumed that all black
cotton soil was removed from site during construction and
replaced with approved hard core, laid in layers not exceeding
300mm and compacted to 95% MDD modified AASHTO.
 All walls are founded on a continuous reinforced concrete strip
footing, supported on firm ground of bearing capacity not less
than 100Kn/m2.
 Steel reinforcement bars are of consistent sizing (Diameter) and
spaced to BS 8110 guidelines.
 That the structural configuration has been defined in such a way as
to ensure that a localized structural failure does not lead to overall
collapse of the entire building.
 The proposed equipment in this project has negligible surface
area, and all horizontal forces are resisted by the building core in
which the stair cases are located.
 Worst case scenarios for beams and slabs considers simple spans
(No continuities whatsoever)

3.2 GRILLAGE LOADING CALCULATIONS

Ref Calculations Output

Proposed additional Loads

1. 1No. Service Rack Cabinet (1400Kgs)
2. 1No. BTS Cabinet (200Kgs)
3. 1No. 12m Stub Tower (-43.78/53.22kN)

Converting mass to force;

1. 1No. Service Cabinet (13.73Kn)
2. 1No. BTS Cabinet (1.96Kn)
3. 1No. 12m Stub Tower (Reactions provided)

Factoring loads (x1.6);

1. 1No. Rectifier Cabinet (21.97Kn)
2. 1No. BTS Cabinet (3.2Kn)
S 5950
3. 1No. 12m Stub Tower (Reactions provided)
Part
4.2.3
Grillage Loading;

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Working with; 1.0Qk = 2.0Kn/m2

1.0Gk = 2.5Kn/m2
Factored loads = (1.6x2) + (1.4x2.5) = 6.7Kn/m2

Steel Grillage Design

(Please refer to Appendices for the
FRAME/GRILLAGE Analysis and Design. Detailed
layout provided hereunder)

RC Column Design

From the steel grillage design, the following are the

maximum loads exerted to the RC column upon
application of the new rooftop loads

Forces Summary (Worst case for small columns);

Ry (1) = +8.63 (At Node 1)

Ry (2) = +6.92KN (At node 10)
Ry (3) = +15.79KN (At node 11)
Ry (4) = +15.54KN (At node 21)

Column capacity review at Ground level

Floor loads calculation:

Live Loads
4. 1.0Qk = 2.0Kn/m2 …………………………. (1)

The slab is 150mm TH;

Slab load = 24x0.15 = 3.6Kn/m2 ……... (2)
Finishes = 1Kn/m2 ………………………… (3)
Design load = 1.4(4.6) +1.6(2) = 9.64Kn/m2

Total area of slab acting on a typical critical

column = 5.4x5.4 =29.16m2.

Total slab load on column per floor = 9.64x29.16 =

281.10Kn.
Total number of floor slabs acting on ground level

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column = 8 No. (Includes roof floor and 2 Total column

basements) load at ground
level = 1421Kn
Total column load at ground level
=(281.10x5) + 70.74 =1421.04Kn Column
capacity
Column Capacity = 3476Kn =3476KN

3.3 CALCULATIONS SUMMARY

Were the structure to be crack and water ingress free, the building would be
considered completely capable of supporting the proposed new loads. However,
in its current state, the Engineer cannot confirm the ability of this structure to
support the proposed new loads.

4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the investigations and detailed assessments performed on the subject
building, we hereby deduce the following conclusions;
 That the said building is NOT fit-for-use in the support of the
proposed grillage, heavy cabinets and a lattice tower. It is riddled
with age-related structural deterioration, including structural
cracking, water ingress, corrosion, moulding wear and tear. Water
ingress into reinforced concrete highly impacts its quality by
compromising the integrity of steel reinforcement.

4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
From the above conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby made;
 The Engineer finds building not sufficiently capable of supporting
the proposed grillage, heavy equipment cabinets and a lattice
tower.

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PROPOSED 12M
STUB TOWER

6400
EXISTING
300x300mm 500 4300 900 500
RC COLUMN EXISTING
300x300mm
900 500

305x165x40Kg/m UB RC COLUMN
254x146x31Kg/m UB

305x165x40Kg/m UB
305x165x40Kg/m UB

305x165x40Kg/m UB
305x165x40Kg/m UB
4800

3300

+11.60m

EXISTING
EXISTING 300x300mm
300x300mm RC COLUMN
RC COLUMN
PROPOSED GREENSPAN
DETAILED SITE LAYOUT

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5 APPENDICES

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5.1 APPENDIX – ADDITIONAL COMPUTATIONS

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