  Temperatures must be high so that the attractions between particles are

low and far away from each other.

 External pressure = low, so not be forced to plump at each other

 Two variables at a time while two are constant

 Volume is a changing variable in the first three laws

 Temperature should always be at the absolute scale. Kelvin is the

appropriate temperature.

 There are no temperatures that are in negative values.

 Decide on the significant figures after processing everything.

 Final answer should be reported on the correct number of significant

figures.

 ABCs of Gas Laws

o Avogadro’s Law (Gas increase, Volume increase)
Constant: P, T Changing: V, n
o Boyle’s Law (Pressure increase, Volume decrease)
Constant: n, T Changing: P, V
o Charles’s Law (Volume increase, Temperature increase)
Constant: n, P Changing: V, T
o Gay-Lusaac’s Law (Pressure increase, Temperature increase)
Constant: n, V Changing: P, T
 Avogadro’s Law
o To change proportionality to equality, a constant must be
introduced and multiplied to one of the variables.
o Constant is represented to k.
V1 V2
 =
n1 n2
 Boyle’s Law
 P1 V 1=P2 V 2
 To convert mass to moles, we need the molar mass of the gas. Apply the
molar-mass/moles ratio.

 Mass will always be divided by molar mass.

 Mass is expressed in grams, molar mass is expressed in grams per

mol.

 Isolate molar mass so that molar mass is equal to mRT/PV.

 m/v is equal to (MM)(P)/RT

 Why do we need to convert mL to L?

o because the universal constant, R, uses L instead of mL.
 Temperature of the container should be the same temperature observed
inside the container.

 Gases will overtake both the temperature and volume of the container.

 The number of particles translate to the number of moles.

 Pressure refers to the number of times gas particles collide with one
another or the sides of the container.

 The more particles we have, the more chances they will collide with each
other.

 If there are more gas particles are found on the container, the more
chances they will collide with the walls.

 Volume won’t change even if number of particles are not the same.

 Partial pressure – John Dalton

 Mole fraction is the ratio of moles of one substance in a mixture to the

total number of moles of all substances.