Structural Health Monitoring and Post-earthquake

Response Assessment

S. M. Zia Uddin
Team Lead, Structural Health Monitoring Unit, AIT Solutions

Thaung Htut Aung

Director, AIT Solutions 1
 Baseline Measurement

• Objective of baseline measurement is to benchmark actual dynamic properties of the building.

• Benchmarked dynamic properties are compared with dynamic properties of the building after
earthquake for preliminary damage assessment.

• Analysis models used in post-earthquake response assessment are calibrated based on

measured dynamic properties.

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Baseline Measurement

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Baseline Measurement

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Baseline Measurement

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Baseline Measurement

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 Baseline Measurement

𝑓𝑛1𝑥

𝑓𝑛1𝑦
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Baseline Measurement

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 Baseline Measurement

𝑓𝑛1𝑥 𝑓𝑛1Ɵ

𝑓𝑛1𝑦 𝑓𝑛1Ɵ
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Baseline Measurement

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 Baseline Measurement

2𝜋
Natural period T𝑛 =
𝐾
𝑀
*ASCE/SEI 7-16:
Eq. (C26.11-8) : This frequency expression is based on full-scale
measurement of older buildings and it becomes more accurate for
tall buildings greater than 400 ft (122 m) in height. Building Height
(feet)/150

Eq. (C26.11-6) : Average fn of steel and concrete buildings less

than about 400 ft (122 m) in height based on analysis software.
Building Height (feet)/100

*ETABS model:
All stiffness modifier = 1
Nominal material strength
Mass Source = DL+SDL+0.25 LL

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 Baseline Measurement

*ASCE/SEI 7-16:
Eq. (C26.11-8) : This frequency expression is
based on full-scale measurement of older
buildings and it becomes more accurate for
tall buildings greater than 400 ft (122 m) in
height. Building Height (feet)/150

Eq. (C26.11-9) : Study based on full scale

measurement of Japanese concrete building.
Higher estimation obtained as Japanese
construction tends to be stiffer.

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 Baseline Measurement
Mode 1: X-Translation Mode 1 Mode 2 : Y-Translation Mode 1 Mode 3 : Torsional Mode 1

180.0 180.0 180.0

160.0 160.0 160.0

140.0 140.0 140.0

120.0 120.0 120.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

Elevation
Elevation

Elevation
ST1-X ST1-X ST1-X
ST1-Y ST1-Y ST1-Y
80.0 80.0 80.0
ST2-X ST2-X ST2-X

60.0 ST2-Y 60.0 ST2-Y 60.0 ST2-Y

40.0 40.0 40.0

20.0 20.0 20.0

0.0 0.0 0.0

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Mode shape Vector Mode shape Vector Mode shape Vector

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 Baseline Measurement
Mode 4 : X-Translation Mode 2 Mode 5 : Y-Translation Mode 2

180.0 180.0

160.0 160.0

140.0 140.0

120.0 120.0

100.0 100.0
Elevation

Elevation
ST1-X ST1-X
ST1-Y ST1-Y
80.0 80.0
ST2-X ST2-X

60.0 ST2-Y 60.0 ST2-Y

40.0 40.0

20.0 20.0

0.0 0.0
-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Mode shape Vector Mode shape Vector

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Baseline Measurement

𝑃𝑆𝐷(𝑀𝑡 )
ɸ=
𝑃𝑆𝐷(𝑅𝑡 )

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 Baseline Measurement
Mode 1: X-Translation Mode 1

180.0

160.0

140.0

120.0

100.0
Elevation

ST1-X
ST1-Y
80.0
ST2-X

60.0 ST2-Y

40.0

20.0

0.0
-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Mode shape Vector

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 Baseline Measurement
Mode 2 : Y-Translation Mode 1

180.0

160.0

140.0

120.0

100.0
Elevation

ST1-X
ST1-Y
80.0
ST2-X

60.0 ST2-Y

40.0

20.0

0.0
-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Mode shape Vector

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 Baseline Measurement
Mode 3 : Torsional Mode 1

180.0

160.0

140.0

120.0

100.0
Elevation

ST1-X
ST1-Y
80.0
ST2-X

60.0 ST2-Y

40.0

20.0

0.0
-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
Mode shape Vector

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Baseline Measurement

*Journal of Structural Engineering © ASCE /

APRIL 2003: (ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(470)

*PEER/ATC-72-1: Page 2-43

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 Baseline Measurement

*Yang, J., Dagalakis, N., & Hirt, M. (1980). Application of the random decrement technique in the detection of an induced crack on an offshore platform model. Computational Methods for Offshore Structures. The
winter annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 37, pp. 55-67. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.

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Baseline Measurement

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

4.500

4.000

3.500

Natural Period (seconds)

3.000

2.500

April 2019
2.000
November 2018
1.500

1.000

0.500

0.000
F1-X F2-X F3-X F1-Y F2-Y F3-Y F1-ϴ Natural period increment (seconds)
Mode X Y Torsion
F1-X F2-X F3-X F1-Y F2-Y F3-Y F1-ϴ
0.180 0.054 0.023 0.168 0.069 0.030 0.144

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 3

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

X-direction Ground motion obtained through bottom sensor data X-direction Design Ground motion (1 of 7 pairs)

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Y-direction Ground motion obtained through bottom sensor data Y-direction Design Ground motion (1 of 7 pairs)

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Response Spectrums obtained through bottom sensor data plotted with design Response Spectrum

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

X
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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

X
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X
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X
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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment
A B
0.76 0.78 0.72 0.82

A A
0.75 0.75 0.71 0.79

A B
0.72 0.70 0.69 0.73
B B

0.54 0.50 0.51 0. 53

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 1

Tower 2
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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 1

Tower 2
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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 1

Tower 2
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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 1

Tower 2
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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 1

Tower 3

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 Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 1

Tower 3

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Post-earthquake Response Assessment

Tower 4
Tower 3

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 Summary

• Actual dynamic properties of buildings can be obtained through ambient vibration

measurement.

• Benchmarked dynamic properties can be compared with dynamic properties of the building
after earthquake and stiffness reduction of the building can be calculated.

• Ground motion can be obtained through seismic accelerograph instrument system.

• Calibrated analysis models can be used for post-earthquake assessment of buildings.

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 Benefits

Parties Benefits
Information on the current structural health of the building.

In case of an event, information on post-event condition of the building and the expected level of
Developer damage
Recommendations on the need for repair/ retrofitting

An assessment of safety conditions

Residents
Immediate occupancy status.

Detailed report on the current structural health of the building.

Building Managers
Detailed report on post-event response of the building.

Relatively detailed assessment on the magnitude and location of the actual damage incurred in the
Structural Engineers building to help improve the design of the buildings and validate buildings safety
Simplifies visual inspection

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