5.

What are you going to

learn? Scaled Drawings
7 To find a size in a
map, actual
measurement or

I
scale. n geography, you often want to locate an island,
7 To find the size of a
river, city or mountain in a certain place. You cannot
photo/ model or
real object. see all of those objects in a whole. Therefore a drawing
7 To calculate (i.e a map) is made to represent the reality.
enlargement factor This drawing is made to resemble the reality with a ratio
and reduction
(scale).
factor in scale
drawing. An architect who will build a building must make
Key Terms a scaled drawing which is usually called a design. The
building and its design both have the same form but
 scale
 map
are different in size.
You do so if you want to draw your classroom. The
classroom and your drawing both have the same
form, but are different in size. The design and
drawing are made the same as the reality with a ratio
(scale).
The figure on the next page is a map of the East
Kalimantan Province with a scale of 1 : 6,000,000. It means that 1
cm on the map represents 6,000,000 cm in the actual size. This scale
is a ratio of the size on the map to the actual size, or 6,000,000 cm
in reality will be drawn on the map as 1 cm.

Scale = Distance on the map : Real Distance

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/183

 Map of the East Kalimantan Province

Scale 1 : 6,000,000

184/Student’s Book - Proportion

EXAMPLE 1

Look at the map of East Kalimantan. What is the distance between

Samarinda and Balikpapan?
Answer:
On the map, measure the distance between Balikpapan and Samarinda.
The distance on the map is about 2.5 cm.
Scale 1 : 6,000,000
The real distance = 2.5 x 6,000,000 = 15,000,000
Therefore, the distance between Balikpapan and Samarinda is
15,000,000 cm = 150 km ( 1 km = 100,000 cm).

EXAMPLE 2

On another map, the distance between Samarinda and Sangkulirang on

the map is 6 cm. The real distance between those cities is 180 km. Find
the scale of the map.
Answer:
Distance on map = 6 cm
Real distance = 180 km = 18,000,000 cm

Scale = Distance on the map : Real Distance

= 6 : 18,000,000
= 1 : 3,000,000 Simplify by dividing by 6
The scale of the map is 1 : 3,000,000.

Photos and Scaled Models

Do you know photographs (photos)? Of course you do.

Photographs can be printed in a photo studio with certain sizes,
such as 2 x 3 or 4 x 6. A 2 x 3 photo is similar to a 4 x 6 photo in
shape, since the corresponding parts of both photos have the
same ratio.
Before a plane or a car is constructed, usually a model of that
plane or car is made. Parts of the plane or car have the same ratio
Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/185
 as the corresponding parts (namely its height, width, and length)
in the model.
Also, before a shopping centre or office building is
constructed, usually a model or design is made. The length of the
model and the length of the building, the width of model and the
width of the building, and the height of the model and the height
of the building have the same ratio.

Length of model Width of model Height of model

= =
Length of building Width of building Height of building

EXAMPLE 3
The heights of a door and a window model are 8 cm and 4 cm,
respectively. The real height of the window is 1 m. What is the
real height of the door?
Answer :
The height of the door model is 8 cm.
The height of the window model is 4 cm. The
height of the window is 1 m = 100 cm. The
height of the door is x cm.

Height of the door model Height of the window model

=
Height of the door Height of the window
8 4
=
x 100

4 x = 800
x = 200

The height of the door is 200 cm.

Try to solve that problem in another way.

186/Student’s Book - Proportion

 1. The figure below is a map of Central Kalimantan Province. Using a
ruler, measure the distances on the map. Find the real distances from
Palangkaraya to Pangkalanbun, Muarateweh, Buntok, Sampit and
Kualakapuas and then complete the following table.

City Distance on the map Distance in reality

from Palangkaraya from Palangkaraya
1. Pangkalanbun ……………………… ………………………
2. Muarateweh ……………………… ………………………
3. Buntok ……………………… ………………………
4. Sampit ……………………… ………………………
5. Kualakapuas ……………………… ………………………

Map of Central Kalimantan Province

Scale 1 : 6,000,000

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7/187

 2. A volleyball field has a size of 18 m x 9 m. The distance from
the attack line to the centre line is 3 m. Make a scaled drawing
of the volleyball field with the scale of 1 cm representing 2 m.
What is the distance from the attack line to the centre line in
the scaled drawing?

3. The scaled drawing of a rectangular classroom is 1 : 100. If the

size of the classroom is 8 m x 9 m, draw the scaled drawing of
the classroom.

4. A cupboard has the height of 200 cm, the length of 100 cm and
the width of 60 cm. If that cupboard is modeled with the
height of 20 cm, find the length and the width of the model.

5. A photograph of money has the length of 9 cm and the width

of 4.1 cm. If the width of the money is 6.5 cm, find its length.

6. A building which is seen on a television screen is 10 cm in

height and 8 cm in width. If the width of the building is 42
m, what is the height of it?

7. A football field has the size of 75 m x 110 m. The distance from the
penalty point to the goal is 11 metres.
a. Make a scaled drawing of that field with the scale of 1 : 1,000.
b. Find the distance from the penalty point to the goal in your
scaled drawing.

188/Student’s Book - Proportion