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  • Prochlorperazine Lorazepam Alprazolam: Phenothiazines Benzodiazepines

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    Alexandra Alexa
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    This document summarizes different classes of antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs. For antiemetics, it discusses phenothiazines which block dopamine receptors, 5-HT3 receptor blockers like ondansetron which selectively block peripheral and brain 5-HT3 receptors, substituted benzamides like metoclopramide which inhibit dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, butyrophenones like droperidol which block dopamine receptors, corticosteroids like dexamethasone which are effective against mildly emetogenic chemotherapy, and substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor blockers like aprepitant which target neurokinin receptors in the brain. For antidiarrheals,

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    antiemitics antidiarrheals

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    This document summarizes different classes of antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs. For antiemetics, it discusses phenothiazines which block dopamine receptors, 5-HT3 receptor blockers like ondansetron which selectively block peripheral and brain 5-HT3 receptors, substituted benzamides like metoclopramide which inhibit dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, butyrophenones like droperidol which block dopamine receptors, corticosteroids like dexamethasone which are effective against mildly emetogenic chemotherapy, and substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor blockers like aprepitant which target neurokinin receptors in the brain. For antidiarrheals,

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    14 views1 page

    Prochlorperazine Lorazepam Alprazolam: Phenothiazines Benzodiazepines

    Uploaded by

    Alexandra Alexa
    This document summarizes different classes of antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs. For antiemetics, it discusses phenothiazines which block dopamine receptors, 5-HT3 receptor blockers like ondansetron which selectively block peripheral and brain 5-HT3 receptors, substituted benzamides like metoclopramide which inhibit dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, butyrophenones like droperidol which block dopamine receptors, corticosteroids like dexamethasone which are effective against mildly emetogenic chemotherapy, and substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor blockers like aprepitant which target neurokinin receptors in the brain. For antidiarrheals,

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    of 1

    Antiemetic drugs

    Phenothiazines Benzodiazepines
    -Prochlorperazine act by blocking dopamine -antiemetic potency of lorazepam and alprazolam is
    receptors low
    -effective against low or moderately emetogenic -beneficial effects may be due to their sedative,
    chemotherapeutic agents anxiolytic, and amnesic properties
    5-HT3 receptor blockers -useful in treating anticipatory vomiting
    -ondansetron, granisetron, palonosetron , and Corticosteroids
    dolasetron -Dexamethasone and methylprednisolone used
    -selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the alone, are effective against mildly to moderately
    periphery (visceral vagal afferent fibers) and in the emetogenic chemotherapy
    brain (CTZ) -Most frequently,they are used in combination
    -longer duration of action and superior efficacy -mechanism is not known (maybe PG)
    -also useful in the management of postoperative Substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor blocker
    nausea and vomiting -Aprepitant targets the neurokinin receptor in the
    Substituted benzamides brain and blocks the actions of the natural substance
    -metoclopramide is effective at high doses against -indicated only for highly or moderately emetogenic
    the emetogenic cisplatin->inhibition of dopamine in chemotherapy
    the CTZ -usually with dexamethasone and a 5-HT3 anta.
    -extrapyramidal symptoms, limit long-term high- Combination regimens
    dose use -to increase antiemetic activity or decrease toxicity
    Butyrophenones -dexamethasone, increase antiemetic activity when
    -Droperidol and haloperidol act by blocking given with high-dose metoclopramide, a
    dopamine receptors 5-HT3 antagonist, phenothiazine, butyrophenone, or
    -moderately effective antiemetics a benzodiazepine
    -may prolong the QTc interval

    Antidiarrheals

    Antimotility agents Adsorbents


    -diphenoxylate and loperamide -aluminum hydroxide and methylcellulose
    -analogs of meperidine and have opioid-like are used to control diarrhea
    actions on the gut -adsorbing intestinal toxins or microorganisms
    -activate presynaptic opioid receptors in the and/or by coating or protecting the intestinal
    enteric nervous system to inhibit acetylcholine mucosa (less effectiva than antimot. agents)
    release and decrease peristalsis Agents that modify fluid and electrolyte trans.
    -can contribute to toxic megacolon, they should -Bismuth subsalicylate, used for traveler’s
    not be used in young children or in patients diarrhea->decreases fluid secretion in bowel
    with severe colitis -action may be due to its salicylate component
    as well as its coating action
    -Adverse effects may include black tongue and
    black stools

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