high/low production of hormones = disorder happens 2 glands - exocrine and endocrine -> exocrine = excretes secretory products, directly goes to area where it is needed -> endocrine = ductless glands peptides = glycoprotein over/under secretion = lack of regulation hormone negative feedback mechanism - to maintain balance of production of hormone
anterior pituitary gland - produce t3 and t4 - hormonal stimuli
to be able to release hormones in particular glands, in order for p3 and p4 to regulate, they need hypothalamus to stimulate anterior pituitary gland
humeral stimuli - refers to hormones released in extracellular fluid e.g blood or
iron if glucose level is high, pancreas releases insulin, lowers the glucose level in blood
Neural stimuli - nervous system stimulates glands to release hormone
epinephrine - stress response in adrenal cortex (fight/flight mode)
pituitary gland = master gland
uses info from the brain to secrete/produce hormone where it is needed hypothalamus releases releasing factor to stimulate the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal gland
hyperfunction can lead to disorders
t3 and t4 = contains iodine atoms, absorption takes place in intestines
thyroid releasing factor - secrete thyroid hormone T4 and T3
pituitary w/ help of thyroid-stimulating hormone to secret more t3 and t4 needed in our blood a negative feedback mechanism regulates hormones to maintain balance low blood = pituitary release stimulating factor T4 - maintains body metabolism T3 - potent than T4 (5x stronger) both t3 and t4 maintain body metabolism thyrocalcitonin - regulates calcium in our bones
too much t3/t4 - hyperthyroidism
secretion not treated causes coma/death
normal regulation of hormones
hypothalamus or anterior pituitary -main problems
adrenal cortex - release steroid hormones
catecholamines - fight or flight hormones -> adrenaline the hypothalamus will release corticotrophin (adrenal gland) corticitrophin release to stimulate anterior pituitary gland to release adreno corticotrophine ACTH - anterior pituitary gland -> controls regulation