STATE UNIVERSITY OF TETOVO “FADIL SULEJMANI”

SEMINAR PAPER

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

SUBJECT: Modern English VII

TOPIC: “USE OF MODAL RELATED TO VERBS: SUPPOSE TO

HAVE TO, ABLE TO, BOUND TO, MANAGE TO, ALLOWED TO, IN
ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE.’’

STUDENT: PROF.DOC.
Learta Mustafa Lindita Ademi

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 I. ABSTRACT

In this seminar paper, l have analyzed the usage of modals related to verbs in Albanian and
English language. This study aims to explain how non-modal verbs are used in different
contexts, and most importantly how we’re supposed to understand and also explain to others,
their equivalences into the Albanian language.

Thus, the difficulties that students have to deal every day while conversing with others. After
reading this you’ll be able to tell their differences into the different contexts, and you’ll be able
to understand the mistakes we make and the wrong equivalences we use in the Albanian
language in our spoken skills as well as written form.

Keywords: Language, Non-Modal verbs, Equivalence, Albanian language, Difficulties.

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II. INTRODUCTION

Background
Academic writers experience numerous difficulties and troubles. One of these troubles is
utilizing the modal verbs and the equivalences between different languages to have a precise
significance in detecting the variation of semi-modals verbs and their usage. In English, the
substitutes of modal verbs are: Have to, Supposed to, Be bound to, Manage to, Allowed to, Be
able to.

The reason why we need to substitute the modal verbs is that we can’t always use them in every
context for example we can’t use ‘can’ and ‘could’ in every sentence instead we’re supposed to
use ‘be able to’ when we write about a specific ability. Also, this paper will take you through a
variety of equivalences in the Albanian language and English language as well, among local and
non-local speakers of English and Albanian in the scholarly composing composition.

It is crucial to make further examination when it comes to the equivalences in Albanian because
there is a difficulty when it comes finding the right equivalence for example ‘bound to’ the only
equivalence that we can use in Albanian is ‘ e percaktuar/destinuar’, and when it comes to
certainty in a context ‘e sigurt’. However, you’ll be able to read furthermore in this study where
l’ve tried to write as concisely as possible therefore to be easier to understand for the readers.

II. BE ABLE TO

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There are many situations where you can’t use ‘’can’’ or ‘’could’’ to talk about ability.
Therefore we need to use a different verb. One of the verbs ‘’be able to’’. Generally, ‘can’ and
‘be able to’ have the same meaning.

Can  and Could are modal auxiliary verbs. Be able to is NOT an auxiliary verb (it uses the
verb be as a main verb). We include ‘be able to’ here for convenience. ( we can’t always use
‘can and ‘could to talk about ability therefore we need to use another verbs such as ‘’be able to’’.
For example:

‘’He’s been able to swim since he was two years old.’’ ( there’s no way to use can and could in
this sentence and keep the same meaning) whereas in Albanian:

‘’Ai ka qene ne gjendje te notoj qe prej moshes 2 vjeqare.’’ Ose

‘’Ai ishte I afte te notoj qe prej moshes 2 vjeqare.’’ apo

‘’Ai ka mundur te notoj qe prej moshes 2 vjeqare.’’

Generally if you have a choice it’s better to use ‘can and ‘could because it makes your sentence
simpler and shorter, we sometimes chose to use ‘be able to’ because it sounds more formal

Ability in the past:

‘could vs. ‘able to’. ‘’the traffic was really bad, but we could catch our train’’.

Does it sound right to you?

Not correct, because we can’t use ‘can and ‘could’ when we talk about specific abilities in the
past ‘’the traffic was really bad, but we were able to catch our train.’’ or

‘’the traffic was really bad, but we managed to catch our train.’’

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In Albanian:

‘’Trafiku ishte shume I keq/ngarkuar, por ne ishim ne gjendje ta kapnim trenin.’’

‘’Our car broke down on the way, but luckily I was able to fix it’’.

‘’Vetura jone u prish pergjate rruges, por fatmirsisht une isha ne gjendje/I afte ta rregulloja’’.

Now this difference between general and specific situations only applies to positive sentences,
not in negatives.

If your sentence is negative, there’s no difference between ‘could’ and ‘be able to’.

It’s like most other cases: you can choose which verb to use and it doesn’t matter.

Ability in the past

• ‘’It was hard work and we couldn’t finish everything in time.’’

• ‘’It was hard work and we weren’t able to finish everything in time.’’

If the sentence is negative, it doesn’t matter if the situation is general or specific: you can use
both forms.

‘’Ishte pune e veshtire dhe ne nuk mundem/ishim te afte te kryejme cdo gje ne kohe.’’

III.1 BE ABOUT TO

Be about to is used to talk about things which are going to happen very soon and it often used
with just :

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‘’I’m about to eat. Can I phone you back?’’

‘’We’re just about to set off for a walk. Do you want to come?’’

Albanian: ‘’ Jam gati per te ngrene. A munde te te therras une?’’

When used in the past, be about to can refer to things that were going to happen but didn’t. E.g

‘’I  was about to complain but he came over and apologised.’’

Albanian: ‘’Isha gati per t’u ankuar por ai erdh dhe me kerkoj falje.’’

We don’t use be about to with time expressions:

‘’I  was about to call you.’’

Albanian: ‘’ Une isha gati per te te telefonuar.’’

Not: I was about to call you in ten minutes.

III. 2 BE DUE TO

Be due to is used to talk about things that are expected or planned to happen at a certain time. We
often use it with a time expression:

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‘’Are  you  due to  hand in homework today?’’

‘’The train is due to arrive at Glasgow Central at 12:12.’’

Albanian:

‘’ Pritet qe ju te dergoni detyrat sot?’’

‘’Treni pritet te vonohet ne qendren Glasgow ora 12’’

Be likely to

Be likely to is used to talk about how probable things are:

‘’Are  parents who have a lot of money likely to spoil their children?’’

Albanian: ‘’A jane prinderit e pasur me te prirur t’i llastojne femijet e tyre?’’

It is often used to make comparisons with words like more and less:

I think men  are more likely to spend a lot of money on food than women are.

Albanian: ‘’ Mendoj se burrat jane me te prirur te harxhojne me shume para ne ushqim se sa

vajzat?’’

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 lV BE BOUND TO

Be bound + to-infinitive is used to refer to future events which are certain or very likely to
happen :

‘’John is stuck in a traffic jam, so he is bound to be late.’’

‘’Xhon eshte I bllokuar ne trafik, pra ka gjasa/te ngjare qe te vonohet.’’

Bound to be=Means to Be certain or destined to (it has the same meaning as destined for.)

 E.g ‘’She is bound to run for mayor.’’

Albanian: ‘’Ajo eshte e destinuar/percaktuar te kandidoj per kryetare.’’

 ‘’Don’t lie to her. She’s bound to find out.’’

‘’Mos e genje ate. Ajo sigurt do ta kuptoj.’’

lV.1 BOUND TO AND BOUND FOR

Use for (not TO) when BOUND is followed by a noun, particularly a destination.
E.G ‘’She's bound for Thailand.’’ Albanian: ‘’Ajo eshte e percaktuar per ne Thailand.’’
‘’This flight is bound for Bohol.’’ ‘’Ky fluturim eshte I percaktuar per ne Bohol.’’

‘BOUND TO’ is followed by a verb.

E.G ‘’It is bound to happen.’’ Albanian: ‘’Eshte e percaktuar te ndodh.’’

‘’With her determination, she is bound to succeed.’’

Albanian: ‘’Me vendosmerine saj ajo sigurt do te kete sukses.’’

Thus, ‘be bound to’ and ‘be bound for’ are used to express an unavoidable action.

‘’She's bound to fail.’’(She's certain to fail. It's very probable that she will fail.)

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Albanian: ‘’Ajo sigurt do te deshtoj.’’

‘’She is bound for stardom.’’ (She is destined to be a star. It's very likely that she will be
famous.)

Albanian: ‘’Ajo eshte e destinuar/percaktuar te jete nje yll.’’

lV. 2 BIND VS BOUND VS BOUNDED

Bind – tie or fasten (something) tightly. The origin of bind comes from a combined root of

German root bindan and the Sanskrit Bandh. E.g

‘’ Music binds all of us together.’’

‘’ Muzika na lidh te gjitheve.’’

The usage of the word “binded” as past tense for is incorrect.

Bound is the correct past tense of bind.

Bound – It could mean a boundary or a space, a limitation set to something, or

certainity in doing some action. Here are some examples for different contexts in

 which bound can be used. E.g

  

‘’ He was bound to the company because of the 2 years contract.’’

‘’Ai ishte i lidhur me kompanin sepse kishte 2 vite kontrate.’’

Boundless, the antonym of bound means infinite or something that doesn’t have any boundary.

Example, boundless opportunities:

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‘’Mother’s boundless love.’’

‘’Dashuria e pafund e nenes.’’

Rebound

Rebound is a type of bound where the leap or impact results in a movement back from the

impact.

·         ‘’She is still on the rebound after she lost her job.’’

‘’Ajo eshte akoma duke u rikuperuar/sheruar pasi qe humbi punen.’’

·         ‘’The ball rebounded after hitting the rock.’’

‘’Topi u kthye mbrapshte/terhoq kur goditi gurin.’’

Rebound (verb)

to send back; to reverberate

Rebound(n.)

Recovery, as from sickness, psychological shock, or disappointment.

Bounded

The past tense of bound is bounded.

·         ‘’The rat bounded out of nowhere and scared us.’’

Albanian: ‘’Miu u shfaq/kercej nga askund dhe na frikesoj.’’

So, the basic difference between bind and bound (as a separate word) is that bind is used

to indicate joining or uniting several things, and bound is to set a limit on something.

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 V. HAVE TO

Have to is NOT an auxiliary verb (it uses the verb have as a main verb). We include have to here
for convenience.
Use of  have to
In general, have to expresses impersonal obligation. The subject of have to is obliged or forced to
act by a separate, external power (for example, the Law or school rules). Have to is objective.
‘’In France, you have to drive on the right.’’
Albanian: ‘’Ne France ti duhet te vozitesh ne te djathte.’’
‘’In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform.’’
Albanian: ‘’Ne Angli shumica femijeve duhet te/patjeter te veshin uniforma.’’

‘’I have to be there at six every morning.’’

‘’ I’ll be back in a minute. I’ve just got to make a phone call.’’
‘’ Have you got to get up early tomorrow?’’
‘’Do you often have to travel on weekend?’’
‘’Sorry, I’ve got to go now.’’
‘’ You have to come with us.’’
‘’ l have to go with my friends.’’
In Albanian:
‘’ Une duhet te jem atje ora 6 cdo mengjes.’’
‘’ Do kthehem per nje minut, me duhet te bej nje telefonate.’’
‘’ Duhet ti te zgjohesh here cdo mengjes?’’
‘’ Duhet te udhetosh ti, shpesh ne vikend?
‘’ Me vjen keq, duhet te shkoj tani.’’
‘’ Duhet te vish edhe ti me ne.’’

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‘’ Une duhet te shkoj me shoket e mi.’’

‘’Duhet të vish edhe ti me ne. Duhet të shkoj me shokët e mi. Këtu, megjithëse përemrat janë të
vetës së dytë dhe të parë, përsëri folja duhet është vendosur në vetën e tretë njëjës, pasi aty
nënkuptohe veprimi që duhet kryer dhe jo kush e kryen veprimin e caktuar vij; shkoj. Pra nuk
mund të themi:  Duhesh  të vish dhe as  Duhem  të shkoj’’ (Tom Gjokhilaj, 2018)

‘’ l have to pass an exam next year.’’

Albanian: ‘’ Une do te duhet te kaloj nje provim vitin tjeter.’’
‘’ Une duhet te kaloj nje provim vitin tjeter.’’

Both are correct, but they are used for different situations.
For example, we could say 'If I decide to take this course, I will have to pass an exam next year'.
If the speaker has already been on the course for some time, he would be more likely to say, 'I
have to pass an exam next year'.

V.I MUST AND HAVE TO

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Must and have to are both used for obligation and are often quite similar. They are both followed
by the infinitive.

I  must go now. / I have to go now. Albanian: ‘’Une duhet/patjeter te shkoj.’’

Are these exactly the same?

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for
what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. E.g

‘’I must remember to get a present for Daisy.’’  (my opinion) 

Albanian: ‘’Une duhet te kujtohem per t’ja marre nje dhurate Deizit.’’ 
‘’You  have to look after their hair regularly.’’ (dog experts say so)
‘’Ti duhet te kujdesesh per floket e tyre rregullisht.’’

Have to is more frequent in conversation; must is used more in formal writing, for example in
written notices. E.g

‘’Passengers must fasten their seat-belts.’’

‘’Pasagjeret duhet/patjeter te vendosin rripat.’’

Another E.g

‘’This video is a must for parents.’’

Albanian: ‘’Video eshte nje obligim/e nevojshme per prinderit.’’

‘’You must show your id card.’’

Albanian: ‘’Ti duhet te/je e detyruar te tregosh karten e identitetit.’’

‘’We have to be there on time.’’

Albanian: ‘’Ne duhet qene atje ne kohe.’’

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‘’Foljet që marrin rolin modal në gjuhën shqipe. Këto folje ndryshe janë quajtur edhe folje
gjysëmndihmëse. Të tilla janë foljet: duhet dhe mund  të cilat vihen në rolin e foljeve
gjysëmndihmëse duke e humbur përgjithësisht kuptimin parësor të tyre dhe duke plotësuar
kuptimet dhe vlerat gramatikore të foljeve që shoqërojnë. Edhe foljet: dihet; mendohet; shihet;
supozohet; parashikohet; flitet; duket; etj. vihen në rolin e foljeve modale’’

(Tom Gjokhilaj, 2018)

VI. ALLOWED TO

When the auxiliary can is not grammatically possible. We often use to be able to or to be
allowed to instead of can. We can only form the Past of can (could).

To put can into other tenses we need the phrases to be able to or to be allowed to. The use
of may and to be allowed to.

We substitute may with ‘to be allowed to’. The modal may can only be used with the Simple
Present.

Modal Substitute Tense

iSimple Presentmple
I may play football. I am allowed to play football.
Present

Simple PastSimple
not possible I was allowed to play football.
Past

not possible Modal will-futureill-future

E.g

‘’We are allowed to swim in the sea.’’

Albanian: ‘’Ne kemi lejen te notojme ne det.’’

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lej/ój folje kalimtare; -óva, -úar 1. e lë dikë të bëjë diçka, i jap leje; i jap pëlqimin dikujt për një
punë, miratoj; antonim; ndaloj: e lejoi të shkonte; më lejoni të hyj? 2. e bëj të mundshme diçka;
krijoj kushte, pajtohem me një gjendje: s’e lejojnë kushtet; këto na lejojnë të pohojmë se...; nuk e
lejon koha (libr.) s’ka kohë. 3. përdoret për mirësjellje kur i drejtohemi dikujt: më lejoni t’ju
njoh me shokun tim.

Other examples:

‘’Allow me to introduce myself.’’

Albanian: ‘’Me lejoni te prezantoj veten.’’

‘’My parent don’t allow dogs in the house.’’

Albanian: ‘’Prinderit e mi nuk lejojne qene ne shtepi.’’

‘’Is she allowed to smoke?’’

Albanian: ‘’Lejohet ajo te pi duhan?’’

‘’You’re not allowed to pass.’’

Albanian: ‘’Ju Nuk lejoheni te kaloni.’’

There are also other tenses possible, e.g. Present Perfect:

‘’I have been allowed to play football.’’

Albanian: ‘’Mua me lejuan te luaj futboll.’’

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 Modal Substitute Tense

I am not allowed
I may not play football. Simple Tense
to play football.

I was not allowed
not possible Simple Past
to play football.

I will not be allowed
not possible Will-future
to play football.

The difference between "may" and "might.“

"May" means something is possible and likely.

"Might" means something is possible but unlikely.

"May or may not" means something is possible

Albanian: ‘’There may be other problems that we don't know about.’’

‘’Munden me qene probleme tjera qe ne nuk I di.’’

‘’ I  thought you might have helped.’’

Albanian: ‘’Une mendova se ti mund t’me ndihmoje.’’

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 VII. SUPPOSED TO, WHEN TO USE IT AND HOW

‘To be supposed to’ is a common phrase that functions the same way a modal verb does. Modal
verbs, also called auxiliary or helping verbs, add meaning to the main verb in a sentence by
expressing possibility, ability, permission, or obligation. Supposed to, like have to, can fall into
the “obligation” category

Whenever it is used in either of these senses, supposed to will be preceded by a form of to be and
followed by a verb. E.g

‘’He is supposed to turn in his homework on Friday morning.’’

‘’Were we supposed to be here so early?’’

Albanian: ‘’Atij i duhet te dergoj detyrat te premten heret ne mengjes.’’

‘’A duhej ne te ishim ketu heret?’’

On the other hand, the verb to suppose means to presume, in theory, that something is the case
without certain evidence. E.g

‘’Max isn’t here yet, so I suppose his train was delayed.’’

Albanian: ‘’Maxi nuk eshte akoma ketu, por mendoj treni I tij eshte vonuar.’’

As an imperative, it can mean the equivalent of what would happen if.

‘’Suppose my coach really does turn into a pumpkin. What will I do then?’’

Albanian: ‘’Mendoje sikur trajneri im kthehet ne te vertete ne nje kungull. Cfare do bej une
atehere?’’

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 VII.I SUPPOSE VS ASSUME

E.g ‘’Suppose that  you have a coffee shop. How will you manage it.’’

‘’Assume that you have a coffee shop. How will you manage it.’’

Both the above sentences have the same meaning.

Albanian: ‘’Mendo sikur keni nje dyqan kafeje si do ta menagjoje ate.’’

Assume/suppose:

Thus, these are the possible equivalents in Albanian :

(folje)
✦ marr
✦ pranoj si të vërtetë
✦ supozoj
✦ pretendoj
✦ pandeh
✦ pranoj

Still, in these examples the best equivalence in Albanian is to use ‘’Mendoj’’. Rather than
‘Supozoj’ or ‘Pretendoj’ (words taken by English language.) ‘Pandeh’ is used more in written
form rather than Spoken form.

However, let’s consider this

‘’I suppose you have the keys to our apartment.’’ (I gave it to you sometime back, or

you found it somewhere.)

Albanian: ‘’Mendoj qe I ke celsat e apartamentit.’’

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‘’I assumed that you have our apartment keys. ( there is no evidence, the statement is based on
my personal guess)

Albanian: ‘’Mendoj se I ke celsat e apartamentit.’’

Another difference is that suppose is mostly used with 1st person. E.g

“I suppose you are right’’ (is correct) 

However we rarely say “She supposes you are right.”, though we can use “She assumes that you

are right.”

VII.2 THINK VS ASSUME

Think – a belief based on some idea.

Assume – a belief without any proof, based on guess. E.g :

·         ‘’Why do you assume you know what I think about her?’’

·         ‘’How can you assume that I would think about leaving this job?’’

·         ‘’Don’t assume something to be right, just because you think so.’’

In Albanian:

1. ‘’Pse mendon se e din se cka mendoj per ate?’’

2. ‘’Si munde te hamendesoni/mendoni se do mendoj te le punen?’’

Hamendje; supozime te baza

Hamendës/ój folje kalimtare; -óva, -úar marr me mend, supozoj; bëj një vlerësim me hamendje. /
trajta pësore; hamendësóhet veta; III

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Thus, the equivalence of Assume and Think in Albanian is ‘Mendoj dhe Hamendesoj’.

Hamendesoj is more used in written form, whereas, Mendoj is used more in spoken form.

VIII. MANAGED TO

manage = succeed / cope

We use the verbs manage to and manage a great deal in current English when we want to say that
we are able to cope with a difficult situation or find time for a particular task. Compare the
following:

‘’It was very icy, but I managed to keep the car on the road.’’

‘’Veronica was very upset when Ben left her, but she managed to smile nevertheless.’’

‘’She didn't really want to go to Mexico, but Tony managed to persuade her somehow.’’

Albanian: ‘’ Ishte shume akull, por ja dola te mbaje veturen ne rruge.’’

‘’ Veronika ishte shume e merzitur kur Beni la ate, por ajo ja doli te buzqeshte
perseri.’

‘’ Ajo ne te vertete nuk donte te shkonte ne Meksike, por Toni ja doli ta bind ate disi.’’

Other examples:

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‘’This is an ideal job for those who can only manage a few hours each week.’’

‘’Can I give you a hand with that? ~ No, it's all right. I'll manage./ I can manage.’’

Albanian: ‘’ Kjo eshte nje pune ideale per ata qe munde te ja dalin me vetem pak ore ne cdo
jave.’’

‘’ Mundet te ju ndihmoje me ate? Jo, eshte ne rregull. Une do ja dale./

Apo une munde te ja dale.’’

Past Ability: Could, Was Able To, Managed To

Both "can" and "be able to" are used to express ability. In a spoken exchange, “can” is far more
common while “be able to” sounds less natural. However, when we are talking about the past,
the rules change a bit.

Now how to express past abilities with “could” “was (or) were able to” and another phrase you
may have heard before — "managed to.”

The first thing to know is that, in the past tense, we express general abilities and abilities
at specific times in different ways. 

General abilities

‘’In high school, she could beat anyone in a running race.’’

Albanian: ‘’Ne gjimnaz ajo munde te ja kalonte cdokujt ne gare vrapimi.’’

‘’I could mimic bird sounds when I was younger.’’

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Albanian: ‘’Kur isha me e re une munde te imitoja zerin e zogjve.’’

We are talking about general skills or talents – not about a specific occasion.

Note that, in any of these examples, “was (or) were able to” is also possible but used less often.
You could say, for example,

‘’In high school, she was able to beat anyone in a running race.’’ And it would be fine. It also
might sound a little formal in spoken English.

Whereas in Albanian: ‘’Ne gjimnaz ajo ishte e afte te ja kalonte te gjitheve.’’

Specific occasions :

Now, let’s talk about specific occasions. Here is where the rules change a bit.

When we are talking about a specific situation or when noting a specific achievement, we must
use “was (or) were able to” or “managed to.” Their meanings are very close.

We were able to get a really good price on the car.

We managed to get a really good price on the car.

Albanian:

‘’Ne ja dolem te marrim nje cmim te mire per veturen.’’

‘’Ne ja dolem te marrim nje cmim te mire per veturen.’’

Now let’s talk more about the meanings. “Was (or) were able to” and “managed to” both suggest
effort. They mean someone succeeded in doing something that was a challenge or took a special
effort. However, the phrase “managed to” puts a little more emphasis on how hard the challenge
was or how much effort it took.Note that “managed to” is fairly common in spoken English. You
will hear it used almost everywhere.

Using the negatives:

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we can use “couldn’t,” “wasn’t (or) weren’t able to,” or “didn’t manage to” to express the same
thing – inability on a specific occasion in the past. Listen to how these are used for the same
statement.

E.g.

‘’He studied for months but couldn’t pass the exam.’’

‘’He studied for months but wasn’t able to pass the exam.’’
‘’He studied for months but didn’t manage to pass the exam. ‘’

In Albanian:

‘’Ai mesonte me muaj por nuk ja doli te kaloj provimin.’’

‘’Ai mesonte me muaj por nuk ja doli te kalonte provimin.’’

‘’Ai mesonte me muaj por nuk ja doli kaloj provimin.’’

All three sentences mean that a person was not capable of doing something on a specific
occasion.

Note also that sometimes, for the negative form of “managed to,” we say, “couldn’t manage to”
instead of “didn’t manage to.” They mean the same thing:

‘’He studied for months but couldn’t manage to pass the bar exam.’’

‘’Ai mesonte me muaj por nuk ja doli te kaloj provimin.’’

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 IX. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, I’ve understood that is important to understand and use the non-modal verbs
properly especially when it comes to our native language, to make sense whenever you speak.

Verbs in Albanian differ from the English language perhaps from other languages too, thus
above the pages I’ve tried to distinguish the use of non-modal verbs between Albanian and
English through different examples that how non-Albanian modal verbs are used differently in
different situations. Usually, when you begin to learn a language you often get frustrated while
conversing with friends because you lack the vocabulary and you start feeling insecure about
your language speaking skills.

Therefore my suggestion is to read as much as possible: books, magazines, newspapers, etc in

order to become more fluent. Therefore you’ll be able to make a big difference in your language
speaking, and for certain in your writing skills as well.

X. REFERENCES

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1. https://fol-shqip.com/2018/04/26/foljet-modale-ne-gjuhen-shqipe/
2. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-can-could-able.htm
3. https://www.gymglish.com/en/gymglish/english-grammar/be-bound-to-and-be-bound-for
4. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-not.htm
5. https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/past-ability-could-was-able-to-managed-to/
5139503.html
6. https://www.google.com/search?
q=allowed+to+how+to+use+it+pdf&oq=allowed&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l2j69i57j0i433j69i
59j69i60j69i61l2.4030j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

I. ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................2
II. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................3
III. BE ABLE TO.......................................................................................................................4
III.1 BE ABOUT TO...................................................................................................................6
III. 2 BE DUE TO........................................................................................................................7
lV. BE BOUND TO.................................................................................................................8
lV.1 BOUND TO AND BOUND FOR.....................................................................................8
lV. 2 BIND VS BOUND VS BOUNDED..................................................................................9
V. HAVE TO........................................................................................................................11
V.I MUST AND HAVE TO..................................................................................................13
VI. ALLOWED TO...............................................................................................................14
VII. SUPPOSED TO, WHEN TO USE IT AND HOW.........................................................17
VII.I SUPPOSE VS ASSUME................................................................................................18
VII.2 THINK VS ASSUME.....................................................................................................19
VIII. MANAGED TO...............................................................................................................20
IX. CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................24

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