INTRODUCTION

Agriculture has been the major occupation in India since

time immemorial and the agricultural practices that are
carried out in India are still largely traditional.
WHAT IS AGRICULTURE?
Agriculture , also called farming or husbandry, is the
cultivation of Animals, plants, and other life forms for food,
fibre, biofuel and other products used to sustain human life.
WHAT IS MODERN AGRICULTURE?
Modern agriculture is a term used to describe the wide
type of production practices employed by American farmers.
It makes use of hybrid seeds of selected variety of a
single crop, technologically advanced equipments and lots of
energy subsidies in the form of irrigation water, fertilizers
and pesticides.
However it has also seen much advancement over the
years. Modern agricultural practices with use of mechanized
equipments for irrigation, tilling and harvesting along with
hybrid seeds has advances a lot.
More than 90% of farmers today work using the most
innovative practices and growing techniques to produce
enough food , fuel and fibre for a growing world, while
minimizing their environmental footprint at the same time.
The modern sustainable farming integrates livestock
production, usage of animal manures and organic wastes,
biological Nitrogen fixation, vermicomposting , nutrient
cycling, biological control and pest management.
Modern farming methods has increased the production
ofin almost every sector.It has changed the total agricultural
process.To be success in agriculture and farming business, we
need to have the proper, correct and experimental
information based on modern technology.
There are modern farming methods that are changing or
has the capability to change the face of Agriculture. More
and more farms are moving towards soilless farming using
different methods including the use of polyhouses.There are
majorly following farming methods which we would see in
future.
1. Aeroponics
Aeroponics doesn’t require a growing medium unlike
geoponics, which involves growing plants in normal soil.

2. Hydroponics
The hydroponics method of farming is a soil less type of
farming because it requires no soil for the plants to
grow. Instead , it uses water as it’s growing medium.
This is also very much in rage with Coco-peat with drip-
irrigation or fertigation.

3. Aquaponics
This is a self-sustainable agriculture, where fish excreta
water is utilised as nutrient rich solution for growing
 plants. Using this method farmer can harvest both
fishes and plants.
A good combination of traditional and modern
techniques in farming can be the right path to be
successful in farming both ecologically and financially.
Modern agriculture practices use mechanized equipments
for tillering, irrigation and harvesting along with hybrid seeds.
In India, the agriculture technology are labour intensive,
whereas the modern agriculture technology are mainly
capital intensive.
AGRICULTURAL DRONES
Time and man power are said to be the two costliest
things in the field of agriculture as they make the entire
process very expensive. So many innovations are being made
to make agriculture very easy and profitable. Among such
innovations drones occupy a prominent place. Agricultural
drones are very much useful for farmers in monitoring crop
growth and allows to take necessary steps for increasing the
production.

HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE SYSTEM IN INDIA

Agriculture in India is broadly classified in to five different
periods before India’s independence.
i. Early history (Before 15000 BCE)
ii. Vedic period-Post Maha Janapadas period(1500
BCE-200 CE)
iii. Early Common Era-High Middle Ages (200-1200 CE)
 iv. Late Middle Ages- Early Modern Era (1200-1757 CE)
v. Colonial British Era (1757-1947 CE)
Indian agriculture began by 9000 BCE as a result of early
cultivation of plants and domestication of crop and animals.
Setteled life soon followed with implements and techniques
being developed for agriculture. Double monsoons led to two
harvests being reaped in one year. Indian products soon
reached the world via existing trading networks and foreign
crops were introduced to India. Plants and Animals;
considered essential to their survival by the Indians ,came to
be worshiped and venerated.
The middle ages saw irrigation channels reach a new level
of sophistication in India and Indian crops affecting the
economies of other regions of the world under Islamic
patronage. Land and water management systems were
developed with an aim of providing uniform growth. Despite
some stagnation during the later modern era the
independent Republic of India was able to develop a
comprehensive agricultural program.