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1st Lec
1st Lec
1st Lec
Statistics:
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting data to
assist in taking more effective decision.
Data
Data can be defined as a collection of facts or information from which conclusions may be drawn.
Example:
1. The Data shown below are CGPA obtained by a student in 12 semesters
3.21, 3.22, 3.47, 3.50, 3.67, 3.68, 3.78, 3.88, 3.89, 3.90, 3.97, 3.97
The data helps us compare his scores and learn his progress.
Secondary data:
Data collected by someone else for some other purpose (but being utilized by the investigator for
another purpose).
Example:
Suppose we collect data from the publication of Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh bureau of statistics (BBS),
World Bank etc.
These will be then our secondary data.
Source of Data
Primary source: Directly collected from field operation
Secondary source: Published /Unpublished documents: Bangladesh Bank, Bangladesh bureau of
statistics (BBS), World Bank, NIPORT etc.
Variable
Variable
Something which varies is called a variable.
There are basically two types of variables: Qualitative and Quantitative
Qualitative variable:
A qualitative variable is one for which numerical measurement is not possible but can be classified into
different classes.
Example:
1.Hair color (brown, black, white etc.)
2.Gender (Male, Female),
3.Marital status (single, married, widowed, divorced or separated)
4.Religion (Muslim or Non-Muslim)
Quantitative variable:
A quantitative variable is one for which the resulting observations are numeric and thus possesses a
natural ordering.
Quantitative variables may be further classified as
i.Discrete Variable
ii.Continuous Variable
Discrete Variable
When a variable can only the isolated values is called the discrete variable
Example:
1.No of students in different classes
2.Family size
3.No of accident in one day etc.
Continuous Variable
A variable which takes any value within an interval is called a continuous variable.
Example: