Get ready!

Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.

1. What are some factors to consider when working with rate processes?

The factors that affect reaction rates are:

 surface area of a solid reactant.

 concentration or pressure of a reactant.
 temperature.
 nature of the reactants.
 presence/absence of a catalyst.

2. When do engineers work with rate processes?

Physics is essential for the engineer, since it provides him with an objective vision of
the world and a scientific and methodological basis for understanding the phenomena
that he will encounter, and the techniques that he must practice in the development of
his activity, as the velocity that is the vector physical magnitude that shows and
expresses the variation in position of an object and as a function of time.

Reading

Read the textbook excerpt. Then, choose the correct answers.

1. What is the chapter mainly about?

A. different types of rate processes

B. how to create a cost-effective rate process

C. a type of system that uses a rate process

D. ways to improve efficiency of rate processes

2. What happens if the driving force is too high?

A. Water does not pass through the screens.

B. The inlet becomes backed up.

C. The pressure decreases.

D. The viscosity of the water changes.

3. Which does NOT determine flow rate?

A. pressure

C. viscosity

B. pipe diameter

D. flux

Vocabulary

Match the words (1-8) with the definitions (A-H).

1. F inlet

2. A flux

3. D rate

4. B outlet

5. H driving force

6. E viscosity

7. G rate process

8. C pressure

A. force per unit of area applied to an object

B. a place where something can exit something else

C. the amount that a quantity changes over time

D. the power that causes an object to start or continue moving

E. the measure of a liquid's resistance to being deformed

F. a place where something can enter something else

G. a process with results that depend on the movement of different variables

H. the amount of something that passes through an area over a given time
4. Read the sentences and choose the correct words or phrases.

1. The diameter/inlet is a measure across the widest part of a circle.

2. Driving force/Flow rate is how quickly a fluid moves during a given time.

3. A property of liquid that describes its thickness is viscosity/pressure.