Measures of

Central
Tendency by
Maximo A. Llego, Jr.
Objectives:
Measures of Central Tendency
At the end of the lesson, students shall be able to:
1. State and define correctly the measures of central
tendency;
2. solve problems involving the measures of central
tendency, correctly; and
3. relate the significant advantages and disadvantages
of the measures of central tendency.
Measures of Central Tendency
 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
➢ It is a statistical measure that gives information regarding
the central location of the score relative to the entire set
of data. Thus, this measure is designed to give numerical
description about the set of data gathered not on making
numerical inferences.
➢ It is a test which computes a single value that can stand
alone to represent and give description about the entire
score distribution.
➢ The three commonly used Measure of Central Tendency
are the Mean, Median, and Mode.
❖In this lesson, we will discuss
each of the three measures and
then enumerate their
advantages and disadvantages.
❖We will also discuss the
computations for grouped and
ungrouped data separately.
The Mean
In sports, it is run-of –the-mill that people talk about
average – average height, weight, average game scores,
average game performance, etc. If we are told that the
average height of the player is 200 cm it does not
indicate that all players surround 200 cm. In this case,
we need to use a statistical measure that will help us
compute the average.
This paves the way to examine the first measure of
central tendency – the mean.
The mean
➢The most popular measure of central tendency and
sometimes, layman calls it average.
➢It is the sum of all the quantities observed divided
by the total number of units considered.
➢It might not be the actual observation in the set of
data.
➢It is considered the most stable measure of central
tendency if data is normally distributed.
Population Mean is the sum of all the values
taken from populace divided by the total
number of units considered.

Sample mean is the sum of all the values

taken from the sample divided by the total
number of units being considered. It is the
mean of the subset of the populace.
The Mean
Advantages:
1. The mean can easily be computed and is subject to less
error.
2. Every observation contributes to the value of the mean.
3. This is the best measure for regular distribution.
4. This is the most reliable of all the measures of central
tendency because all observations contribute to the value
of the mean.
The Mean
Disadvantages:
1.The mean does not give information
regarding the homogeneity and
heterogeneity of the distribution.
2.It can be easily affected by extreme
values/outliers.
Example.
1. The following are the scores of 10 students in GEC 4 test.
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Score 79 89 90 90 87 85 100 91 98 83
Find the mean.
Solution: To compute for the Mean, add the raw scores and divide the
sum by the total number of units considered.

= 89.2 or 89
2.
3. The following are the grades of Xamwell in his 8 subjects.
Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Grade 93 91 94 95 93 98 97 96
Suppose that Xamwell is aiming to be awarded as Cum laude and the general
weighted average for cum laude is 95, what should be his grade in his 9th subject?
Solution:
X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5 + X6 + X7 + X8 + X9
Mean =
𝟗
93 + 91 + 94 + 95 + 93 + 98 + 97 + 96 + X9
95 =
𝟗
(95) (9) = 757 + X9; So, X9 = 855 – 757 = 98
*For Xamwell to become Cum laude, he should get a grade of 98 in his 9th subject.
The weighted mean
➢It is particularly useful when various classes or groups contribute
differently to the total.
➢It is found by multiplying each value by the corresponding weight and
dividing by the sum of the weights.
X1W1 + X2W2 + X3W3 +…+ XnWn
=
W1 + W2 + W3 +…+ Wn
Where: - weighted mean
x - the value of any particular observation or measurement
w - corresponding weight
The Median
One of the weaknesses of the mean is it can be
easily affected by extreme values. If the
distribution has extreme values it will not give an
accurate approximation of any of the values.
This weakness of the mean leads to examine
another measure of central tendency which is
not affected by few extreme values – The
median.
The Median
➢It is a positional measure that divides the distribution into
two equal parts when the data is arranged in order. Thus,
arrangement of the data in an ascending or descending
order is very important.
➢If the distribution is odd, the middle most number is the
median;
➢If the distribution is even, the average of the two middle
most numbers is the median.
➢It is considered the most stable measure of central tendency
if the distribution is irregular.
The Median
Advantages:
1. This is not easily influenced by extreme values.
2. This is the best measure for irregular distribution.

Disadvantages:
1. It requires arrangement of the data according to their
sizes.
2. It is erroneous if the data do not cluster in the middle of
the distribution.
The Mode
2.
3.
EVALUATIVE ASSESSMENT (Midterm Exam)
I. Solve the following problems below.
1. Find the mean of the first 15 counting numbers.
2. The heights of 12 students were measured in cm and the results
were 142, 149, 135, 150, 128, 140, 149, 152, 138, 145, 152, and
157. Find the mean height.
3. The mean of 9 observations was found to be 35. Later on, it was
detected that an observation which was 91, was taken as 19 by
mistake. Find the correct mean of the observations.
4. If the mean of the observations: x+1, x+2, x+3, x+4, x+5, x+6, x+7,
x+8, x+9, x+10 is 20, what is the mean of the last three digits?
5. Find the median of the first 9 natural numbers.
6. The weight in pounds of 15 education students who enrolled at CPSU
are as follows:
125, 160, 173, 156, 129, 182, 192, 115, 133, 110, 200, 162, 168, 145,
and 171. Find the median weight.
7. The following data are arranged in ascending order and the median
is 60. Find the value of x.
26, 29, 42, 53, x, x + 2, 70, 75, 82, 93
8. The number of mb data usage of a student in online learning for 30
days are as follows:
23, 24, 16, 54, 18, 46, 9 60, 48, 32, 41, 52, 36, 42, 26, 17, 49, 75, 56, 44,
33, 19, 64, 13, 51, 29, 15, 30, 45, and 72. Find the median mb data
usage.
9. The following are the scores of 16 students in a 100-item diagnostic
test in Statistics:
91, 89, 89, 88, 88, 87, 89, 91, 86, 85, 86, 87, 92, 81, 87, and 85.

10. The following are the number of COVID – 19 recoveries per day for
the month of November 2020 according to the DOH at
https://www.doh.gov.ph/covid19tracker
724 50 101 66 229 107 48 548 31 134 45 88 79 88 488
55 74 102 136 117 42 415 47 39 37 76 48 62 336 50
Find the modal number of recoveries in 30 days.
 II. Solve the problem for grouped data.
The following is Allowances f F
a cumulative 97-99 7 60
frequency 94-96 4 53
distribution 91-93 6 49
table for 50 88-90 8 43
students’
85-87 6 35
allowances in a
day, showing 82-84 5 29
the classes and 79-81 6 24
its 76-78 7 18
corresponding 73-75 6 11
frequency. 70-72 5 5
n = 60
Compute for the following:
1. Mean, Median, and Mode
2. Determine the modal classes.
3. What are the lower limits of the modal classes?
4. Determine the lowest limit of the distribution.
5. What is the lowest limit of the 6th class?
6. Determine if the data is normal or not.
7. What is the class size?
8. What is the midpoint of the class with the highest frequency?
9. What is σ 𝑓𝑋𝑚 ?
10. What is the highest true limit of the distribution?
 End of Slide.

Submit the midterm exam

not later than December
12, 2020.
God bless!