Senior High School

General Biology I
Module 3:
Cell Modifications and Cell
Checkpoints

AIRs - LM
LU_General Biology I_Module3
 GENERAL BIOLOGY I
Module 3: Cell Modifications and Cell Checkpoints
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Rochelle O. Mendoza

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: Maria Lourdez Ortiz
Language Reviewer: Reynaliza Borja
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Jhunel L. Nevado

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ph D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: launion@deped.gov.ph

LU_General Biology I_Module3

 Senior High School

General Biology I
Module 1:
Cell Theory, Cell Structure and
Function

LU_General Biology I_Module3

 Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_General Biology I_Module3

 Target

The Earth is teeming with countless living cells. You have 100 trillion cells in
your body alone. They are YOU! Cells come in all shapes and sizes. They perform
thousands of different functions in the life forms of Earth. They work together to form
the tissues of all living things, but cells do not live forever.

In your previous lesson in cell structure and functions, there are some cell
structures that can be found in plant cell only or in animal cell only. These structures
are considered as specialized cell structure because it involves a specific function
which is unique to a particular type of cell. Remember, cell modifications help the
cells to perform its function efficiently.

So, this lesson will introduce to you the different types of cell modifications
that help the cell to carry out their specific functions. Since it is as specialized
structures, these cell modifications are present only to some type of cells. This will
also provide you with information and activities that will help you understand the
Phases of the Cell cycle, their control points, mitosis and meiosis.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Describe some cell modifications that lead to adaptation to carry out

specialized function(s) (e.g., microvilli, root hair (STEM_BIO11/12-Ia-c-5)
Learning Objectives:
a. Identify the different cell modifications.
b. Classify the different cell modifications according to functions

2. Characterize the phases of the cell cycle and their control points.
(STEM_BIO11/12-Id-f-6)
Learning Objectives:
a. Identify the different stages of cell cycle.
b. Discuss the phases of the cell cycle and their control points.

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Pretest

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is a specialized structure for plants that is responsible

for photosynthesis?
A. Capsule B. Cell wall
C. Chloroplast D. Flagellum

2. This is a specialized structure of animal cells that is responsible in digesting

pathogens.
A. Cell wall B. Flagellum
C. Lysosomes D. Vacuoles

3. What specialized structure of a cell like bacteria and some animal cell that
will help them to move?
A. Cell wall B. Cilia
C. Flagella D. Microvilli

4. What specialized structure of plant cell is intended for water storage?

A. Cell wall B. Chloroplast
C. Central vacuole D. Root hairs

5. What is TRUE on the following statement about cell modification?

A. Cell modification is for animal cell only.
B. Cell modifications are for plant cell only
C. Cell modifications are present to every kind of cell.
D. Modifications re-acquired by cells to carry out their specialized
functions.

6. How many phases does a cell cycle have?

A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

7. Which phase of the cell cycle used the longest number of hours to finish its
turn?
A. G1 Phase B. G2 Phase C. M Phase D. S Phase

8. It pertains to a critical control point in the Cell Cycle where ‘stop’ and ‘go-
ahead’ signals can regulate the cell cycle.
A. Checkpoint B. Point
C. Restriction Point D. Sub-point

9. Which of the following phase involves the formation of a cell plate that
eventually develops into the cell wall and the middle lamella?
A. Anaphase B. Cytokinesis
C. Metaphase D. Telophase

10. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

A. Prokaryotic cells lack ribosomes.
B. Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
C. Prokaryotic cells have nuclei, but eukaryotic cells lack nuclei
D. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, but eukaryotic
cells have membrane-bound organelles.

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 CELL MODIFICATIONS

Jumpstart

Cell modification are specialized or modification reacquired by the cell after

cell division that helps the cell in performing its specialized function. Each cell both
in plant and animal has specialized features that allows them to do its job.

Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=cell+modification

Study the figure and answer the following questions.

1. What similariteis and differences you can see in the figures?

2. Describe the first 3 singled cells on the figure.
3. Enumerate some structures in the cell that is leads to special functions.

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 Discover

Cell Modification

https://www.google.com/search?q=cell+modification+chart
The figure above shows the conceptual framework of cell modifications. Cell
modification is divided into three major types followed by the different examples of
cells with these specialized structures and functions.

A. Apical Modification

Cell modification found on the apical surface of the cell. It is specialized to

carry out functions that occur at these interfaces, including secretion, absorption,
and movement of luminal contents. Examples are the following;

1. Cilia and Flagella – Cilia are

projections, usually short,
hairlike structures and a type of
organelle seen on the apical
surface of epithelial cells. This
assists in the movement of
material over the epithelial
surface in a manner parallel with
Source: Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Squamous the surface of the epithelium.
Epithelium | Flickr Flagella are long, whip-like
structure that are formed by
microtubules protruding from the cell body of bacteria and some eukaryotic cells.
The primary function of a flagellum is that of locomotion, but it also often functions

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as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to chemicals and temperatures outside the
cell. Examples are the neuron axon and sperm cell.

2. Villi and microvilli – Villi are finger-like projections that arise from the epithelial
layer in some organs. They help to increase surface area, allowing faster and more
efficient absorption. Microvilli are smaller projections than villi which functions
primarily on the efficient absorption of molecules.

Source: File: Microvilli-Duodenum.JPG -

Wikimedia Commons

3. Pseudopods – Temporary, irregular lobes formed by amoebas and some other

eukaryotic cells. It bulges outward to move the cell or engulf the prey. It primarily
consist of actin filaments and may also contain microtubules and intermediate
filaments. Pseudopods are used for motility and ingestion.

Source: File: Amoeba (PSF).svg - Wikimedia

Commons

4. Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) – A compound secreted by the cell on its apical
surface. The cell wall is the extracellular structure in plant cells that distinguishes
them from animal cells. The plant cell wall is made up of molecules secreted by the
cell called cellulose, a polysaccharide compose of glucose units. Cellulose assembles
into fibers called microfibrils. In animal cells, the major component of extracellular
matrix is the protein collagen. Collagen proteins are modified with carbohydrates,
and once they released from the cell, they assemble into long fibers called collagen
fibrils. Collagen plays a key role in giving tissues strength and structural integrity.
In the extracellular matrix, collagen fibers are interwoven with a class of
carbohydrate- bearing proteoglycans, which may be attached to a long

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polysaccharide backbone. The ECM also contains many other types of proteins and
carbohydrates. The ECM is directly connected to the cells its surrounds. Integrins
are key connector proteins which are imbedded in the plasma membrane.
Fibronectin also can act as bridges between integrins and other ECM proteins such
as collagen. On the other side of the membrane, the integrins are link to the
cytoskeleton.

Source: https://www.slidetodoc.com

B. Basal Modification – Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell
basement membrane.

Source: File: Cell junction types shown on epithelial cells

including cell- cell and cell-matrix junctions.jpeg - Wikimedia Commons

1. Desmosomes/ Hemidesmosomes – These allow for strong attachment between

cells or to a basement membrane. Desmosomes attach to the microfilaments of
cytoskeleton made up of keratin protein. Hemidesmosomes are like desmosomes in
terms of function, however, they attach the epithelial cell to the basement membrane
rather than the adjacent cell.

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C. Lateral Modification – Cell modification found on the basal surface of the cell.
These are tight junctions, adhering junctions and gap junctions. These structures
consist of protein complexes and induce connectivity between adjacent epithelial
cells, between cell and ECM. They can contribute to the barrier function of epithelia
and control the paracellular transport.

1. Tight Junctions - They are transmembrane proteins fused on outer plasma

membrane. They act as barriers that regulate the movement of water and solutes
between epithelial layers.

2. Adherens Junctions - Protein complexes that occur in cell to cell junctions in

epithelial and endothelial tissues (Figure 12), usually more basal than tight
junctions. It fastens cell to one another.

3. Gap Junctions - It is also known as communicating junctions. These are

specialized intercellular connections between multitude of animal cell-types. They
directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows various molecules, ions and
electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated gate between cells.

Source: File:402 Types of Cell Junctions new.jpg - Wikimedia Commons

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 Explore

Activity: The Special Cell Agent

Directions: Fill-in the blanks with the correct information about cell modifications
and their functions based from the lesson presented on the previous pages of this
chapter. Pick your answers from the words in the box below.

Cell modification are modifications re-acquired by the cell after cell division
(for multicellular organism during the stage of cell differentiation). These are
specialized cell structure for a specialized function in general. There are _____types
of cell modifications; 1. Apical which found on the apical _____________of the
______________________. Examples of apical modification on bacterial cell is the
____________________ which enables the cell to move. Other examples are
________________ for efficient electrical signals transmission and _____________ for
motility. Epithelial cells have _____________, a short hair-like projections which assist
movement of material over epithelial surface. These projections can be located on the
__________________ which clear-up mucus and dirt on the airways which allow
organism to breathe easily and without irritation. This can be found also in the
epithelial cells of _____________ which acts as a senior antenna or transmit signals to
other cells to alert that there is a flow of urine. The _________________ and
______________________ projections on the small intestine epithelium surface is
responsible for the absorption of nutrients that goes into the blood stream. For plants
cell, the rigidity of the ___________ is due to the compound _________________ which
secreted by the plant cells on their apical surface. Another type of cell modification
which allow _________________________ between cells or to a basement membrane is
basal modification which can be found on microtubules of a cell cytoskeleton or
surface of ________________ cells. Lastly, lateral modifications are found on the
_____________ surface of the cell. These structures consist of _______________
complexes that induce ______________________ between adjacent epithelial cells,
between cell and ECM. They act as barrier and ____________ paracellular transport.
These lateral modifications are the ________________________, a transmembrane
protein, __________________________, a protein complexes that occur at cell to cell
junctions and ________________________, also known as communicating junctions.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Basal Epithelial Respiratory tract
Cell wall Flagellum Sperm cell
Cell modification Gap junctions Surface
Cellulose Kidney Strong attachment
Cilia Microvilli Three
Control Neuron Tight junctions
Connectivity Protein Villi
Adherens junctions

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 Deepen

To further enrich your understanding of the specific functions of the different

types of cell modifications. You are tasked to do the next activity; Specialized cell
structure is compared to a certain agent which have a specialized mission to
accomplish. You are going to make a short comic strip describing the function of the
different cell modifications. Your output will be graded using the attached rubric.

What you need:

Bond paper, pencil and art materials (if available) What you have to do?

Procedure:

1. Choose one cell modification (either in plant cell, animal cell or any single-
celled organism)
2. Familiarize with the cell modification and function and examples of cell
with these specialized features.
3. Create a comic strip animating the cell structure and emphasizing their
functions or role in the survival of the living organism.
4. Your output will be graded using the rubric of performance below.

CRITERIA EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOR

(10-8 PTS) (7-6 PTS) (5-4 PTS) (3-1 PTS)
CONTENT With a high With With some With limited
degree of considerable effectiveness effectiveness
effectiveness effectiveness
ORIGINALITY AND With a high With With some With limited
CREATIVITY degree of considerable effectiveness effectiveness
effectiveness effectiveness
GRAPHICS AND OVER- With a high With With some With limited
ALL PRESENTATION degree of considerable effectiveness effectiveness
effectiveness effectiveness

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 PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE
AND THEIR CONTROL POINTS

Jumpstart

Activity 1: Read Me! Understand Me!

Directions: Below are figures of a simplified life cycle of a human being and a plant.
Analyze the changes throughout the different stages and how these organisms grow
and develop. Answer the questions below after analyzing the figure. The scoring
rubric on the next page will be used in assessing your output for number 2 and 3.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Source: Life cycles (ru.nl)

Q1. Are there any differences you can see from the two figures above? If yes, what
are those difference/s?

Q2. Can we consider the cycle shown above to be applicable on the reproduction of
all types of living things? Yes or No? Defend your answer.

Q3. In your own understanding what ideas you can draw on the cell cycle of plants
and animals? Explain briefly.

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CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Main/Topic Main/Topic Main/Topic Main/Topic Main/Topic
Idea idea sentence idea sentence idea sentence idea sentence
Sentence is clear, is either is unclear and is unclear and
correctly unclear or incorrectly incorrectly
placed, and is incorrectly placed and is placed and is
restated in the placed and is restated in the not restated in
closing restated in the closing the closing
sentence. closing sentence. sentence.
sentence.
Supporting Paragraph(s) Paragraph(s) Paragraph(s) Paragraph(s)
Detail have three or have two have one have no
Sentence(s) more supporting supporting supporting
supporting detail detail detail
detail sentences that sentence that sentences that
sentences that relate back to relate back to relate back to
relate back to the main idea. the main idea. the main idea.
the main idea.
Elaborating Each Each Each Each
Detail supporting supporting supporting supporting
Sentence(s) detail detail detail detail
sentence has sentence has sentence has sentence has
three or more at least two one no elaborating
elaborating elaborating elaborating detail
detail detail detail sentence.
sentences. sentences. sentence.
Mechanics Paragraph has Paragraph has Paragraph has Paragraph has
and no errors in one or two three to five six or more
Grammar punctuation, punctuations, punctuations, punctuation,
capitalization, capitalization, capitalization, capitalization,
and spelling. and spelling and spelling and spelling
errors. errors. errors.
Organization Details are in Details are in Some details Details are not
logical order logical order are not in in logical
which keeps which keeps logical order order.
the reader the reader less which keeps
interested. interested. the reader
distracted.

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 Discover

Core Concepts:
• All organisms consist of cells and arise from preexisting cells.
• Mitosis is the process by which new cells are generated.
• Meiosis is the process by which gametes are generated for reproduction.
• The Cell Cycle represents all phases in the life of a cell.
• DNA replication (S phase) must precede mitosis so that all daughter cells
receive the same complement of chromosomes as the parent cell.
• The gap phases separate mitosis from S phase. This is the time when
molecular signals mediate the switch in cellular activity.
• Mitosis involves the separation of copied chromosomes into separate
cells.
• Unregulated cell division can lead to cancer.
• Cell cycle checkpoints normally ensure that DNA replication and
mitosis occur only when conditions are favorable and the process is working
correctly.
• Mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins can lead to unregulated
growth, resulting in tumor formation and ultimately invasion of cancerous
cells to other organs.

The Cell Cycle control system is driven by a built-in clock that can be adjusted
by external stimuli (i.e., chemical messages).

Checkpoint - a critical control point in the Cell Cycle where ‘stop’ and ‘go-ahead’
signals can regulate the cell cycle.
• Animal cells have built-in ‘stop’ signals that halt the cell cycles and
checkpoints until overridden by ‘go-ahead’ signals.
• Three major checkpoints are found in the G1, G2, and M phases of the Cell
Cycle.

The G1 Checkpoint—the Restriction Point

• The G1 checkpoint ensures that the cell is large enough to divide and that
enough nutrients are available to support the resulting daughter cells.
• If a cell receives a ‘go-ahead’ signal at the G1 checkpoint, it will usually
continue with the Cell Cycle.
• If the cell does not receive the ‘go-ahead’ signal, it will exit the Cell Cycle and
switch to a non-dividing state called G0.
• Most cells in the human body are in the G0 phase.

The G2 Checkpoint - ensures that DNA replication in S phase has been successfully
completed.

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The Metaphase Checkpoint - ensures that all of the chromosomes are attached to
the mitotic spindle by a kinetochore.

Kinase - a protein which activates or deactivates another protein by phosphorylating

them. Kinases give the ‘go-ahead’ signals at the G1 and G2 checkpoints. The kinases
that drive these checkpoints must themselves be activated.
• The activating molecule is a cyclin, a protein that derives its name from its
cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell. Because of this requirement,
these kinases are called cyclin-dependent kinases or CDKs.
• Cyclins accumulate during the G1, S, and G2 phases of the Cell Cycle.
• By the G2 checkpoint, enough cyclin is available to form MPF complexes
(aggregations of CDK and cyclin) which initiate mitosis.
• MPF functions by phosphorylating key proteins in the mitotic sequence.
• Later in mitosis, MPF switches itself off by initiating a process which leads to
the destruction of cyclin.
• CDK, the non-cyclin part of MPF, persists in the cell as an inactive form until
it associates with new cyclin molecules synthesized during the interphase of
the next round of the Cell Cycle.

Explore

Enrichment Activity: Study the diagrammatic representation of the stages of

mitosis and answer the questions below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=stages+of+mitosis

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Questions to Answer:

1. What is the diploid chromosome number (2N) of the cell?

2. How many kinds of chromosomes does the cell contain? How are they
represented in the figure?

3. Are the chromosomes at prophase single-stranded or double-stranded?

4. What attaches the chromosome to the spindle fiber during metaphase?

5. How many chromosomes are there in the cell at metaphase?

6. How many chromosomes are in the cell at anaphase? Are the chromosomes
single-stranded or double-stranded?

Deepen

Directions: Construct a model of Phases of the Cell Cycle. You may use recycled or
indigenous materials. The scoring rubric on the next page will be used in assessing
your outputs.
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
QUALITY OF Great care taken Construction was Construction Construction
WORK in construction careful and accurately appears careless
process so that accurate for the followed the or haphazard.
the structure is most part, but 1- plans, but 3- Many details
neat, attractive 2 details could 4 details need refinement
and follows plans have been refined could have for a strong or
accurately. for a more been refined attractive
attractive for a more product
product. attractive
product.

ACCURACY All aspects of the All aspects of All aspects All aspects of the
cycle model are the cycle model of the cycle cycle model are
completed with are completed model are completed with
no mistakes. with 1 mistake. completed 4-5 mistakes.
with 2-3
mistakes.

STAGES All required Most of the Some of the No stages were

stages are required stages stages were included in the
included in the are included in included. presentation.
presentation. the
presentation.

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CONSTRUCTI Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate Some
ON/ materials were materials were materials appropriate
MATERIALS selected and selected and were selected materials were
creatively there was an and modified selected but
modified in ways attempt at to create a minimal
that made them creative model modification
even better. modification to was attempted
Student went make them even to create
above and beyond better. structure
criteria for
project.

Gauge

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Cell modifications are of three types. What type of cell modification primarily
functions for secretion, absorption and movement?
A. Apical modification B. Basal modification
C. Lateral modification D. All of these

2. What type of cell modification is consists of protein complexes which controls

paracellular transport, but induce connectivity between adjacent epithelial
cells?
A. Apical modification C. Basal modification
C. Lateral modification D. All of these

3. A cell modification structures which allow strong attachment between cells

or the attachment of cells to a basement membrane?
A. Cilia B. Desmosomes
C. Microvilli D. Tight junctions

4. Which of the following is/are an example of lateral cell modification structure?

A. Cilia B. Desmosomes
C. Microvilli D. Tight junctions

5. What cell structure is found in the linings of small intestine that is responsible
for the efficient absorption of nutrients?
A. Extracellular matrix B. Cilia and Flagella
C. Pseudopods D. Villi and Microvilli

6. Which stage of cell division takes the longest to happen?

A. Anaphase B. Interphase C. Metaphase D. Prophase

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7. This stage in interphase allows chromosomes to replicate
A. Anaphase B. Gap1 (G1) phase
C. Gap2 (G2) phase D. S phase

8. This stage of the cell cycle results in the formation of daughter cells.
A. Gap1 (G1) phase B. Gap2 (G2) phase
C. M (mitosis) phase D. S Phase

9. This stage of the interphase “double checks” the duplicated chromosomes for
error, and makes needed repair.
A. Gap1 (G1) phase B. Gap2 (G2) phase
C. M (mitosis) phase D. S Phase

10. Which of the following exemplifies metaphase?

A.

B.

C.

D.

11. How many daughter cells are formed when a cell undergoes mitosis?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 23

12. If the parent cell contains 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will
each of the daughter cells have?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

13. How many daughter cells will result from the division of a spermatogonium?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

14. What is the chromosome condition of the sperm cell?

A. Diploid C. Neither haploid nor diploid
B. Haploid D. Both haploid and diploid

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15. In what stage do sister chromatids split and move away to opposite poles?
A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase

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LU_General Biology I_Module3
18
PRE-TEST
1. C 6. B
2. C 7. A
3. C 8. A
4. D 9. D
5. D 10. D
LESSON 1
EXPLORE
Activity 1: The Special Cell Agent
1. Three 12. Cell Wall
2. Surface 13. Cellulose
3. Cell 14. Strong attachment
4. Flagellum 15. Epithelial
5. Neuron 16. Basal
6. Sperm Cell 17. Protein
7. Cilia 18. Connectivity
8. Respiratory tract 19. Control
9. Kidney 20. Tight junctions
10. Villi 21. Adhering junctions
11. Microvilli 22. Gap junctions
LESSON 3
EXPLORE
Activity 1: The Special Cell Agent
1. The Diploid chromosome number is 4.
2. There are two kinds of chromosomes. Each kinds is represented by blue and red.
3. The chromosomes at prophase are double-stranded.
4. The kinetochores attach the chromosome to the spindle fiber during metaphase.
5. There are four double-stranded chromosomes at metaphase.
6. There are eight single-stranded chromosomes at anaphase.
7. Each nucleus at telophase contains four single-stranded chromosomes.
GAUGE
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. A
14. A
15. A
Answer Key
References
Printed Materials
Department of Education. Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR). (2017)
First Edition. Chapter 2: Cellular structure General Biology 1(pp.68-
71), Pasig City, Philippines.

Rea, Maria Angelica D. et.al. (2017) First Edition. General Biology 1(pp 14-16),
Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

Rabago, Lilia M. et al. (2003). Functional Biology Modular Approach. Quezon

City, Philippines: Vibal PublishingHouse, Inc.

Websites
Cell Modifications. Youtube.com.(2017, December 3) Retrieved July 25,2020
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ43FkoabXw

Kevin Francis Magaoay. (2019, October 23). Cell Modifications. Retrieved July
25,2020 from https://www.slideshare.net/magaoaykevin/lesson-4-
cell-modifications

Media Literacy Comic Strip Rubric. Teachers Pay Teachers.

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Media-Literacy-
Comic-Strip- Rubric-1212353

Meiosis I and II. https://www.quora.com/How-many-chromosomes-in-one-

cell-on-the-end-of-meiosis-2

Phases of Mitosis. http://www.old-ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic2-

cells/25-cell-division.html

Specialized Cells. The Amoeba Sisters. .(2016, December 1) Retrieved July 25,
2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNe6RuK0FfA

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
launion@deped.gov.ph
lrm.launion@deped.gov.ph

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