10단원 Electricity

• Electric charge 전하
main cause of electric phenomena in the electromagnetic field.
- all mass is made up of atoms
- atoms contain
① protons (＋)
② neutrons 0
③ electrons (－)

• Law of electric charge 전하법칙

- like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
- protons are (+) and electrons are (-) they attracted to each other.
- without this attraction, electrons would not be held in atom.

• Electric force 전기력

the force between the charged objects is an electric force.
- the size of the electric force depends on 2 things
① amount of charge
• greater charge greater force
② distance between charge
• further distance less force

• Conductors+ and insulators- 전도체 전열체

① electrical conductor
• material in which charges can move easily ( allow electricity to pass through them )
• most metals are good conductors because some of their electrons are free to move.
• used to make wire
• copper aluminium mercury etc
② electric insulators
• material in which charges cannot move easily ( don’t allow electricity to pass through them )
• insulator don't conduct charges very well because their electrons cannot flow freely.
• plastic rubber glass wood air etc

• Electric field 전기장

the region around a charged object where electric forces can be exerted on another charged object.
전기력이 다른 대전된 물체에 가해지는 대전된 물체 주변의 영역.

• Charged objects
- atom don't have a charge because the number of electrons and protons cancle each other.
- how do object get charged? they gain or lose electrons.

• How can you charge objects?

- there are 3 ways objects can be charged.
① friction 마찰
• occurs when electrons are wiped from one object onto another.
② conduction 열전도
• occurs when electrons move from one object to another through direct contact (touching)
③ Induction 전자기 유도
• occurs when charges in an uncharged object are rerranged without direct contact with a charged
object.
• Static electricity 정전기
the electric charge at rest on an object .
물체에 정지해 있는 전하이다.
- stationary electrical charge that is built up on the surface of a material.
- when something is static, it is not moving.
• Current 전류 Amp
flow of charge round a circuit per second
전하의 흐름이다.
- electrons travel from – to +.
- charge travel from + to -
- current is the opposite direction of flow of electrons.
- two things are needed for there to be the current
① complete circuit of metal around which the current can flow.
② cell ( battery ) to make the current flow.

• Measuring current
① ammeter
② amps (A)

• Series circuits 직렬회로 직진연결 (한 손끼리 연결 가능 2개의 손만 가능

- the components are connected end to end, one after the other.
- they make a simple loop for current to flow round.
- If one bulb blows it brekes the whole circuit and all the bulbs go out.
- the current is the same all the way round a series circuit.

• Parallel circits 병렬회로 수평연결 (서로 양손을 맞잡을 수 있다

- components connected side by side
- current in a circuit divides as it pases through the components connected in parallel.

• Circuit diagram 회로도

way of drwaing an electric circuit using standard symbols.
- symbols in circuit diagram

• Circuits 회로
① closed circuits 단락회로
- allows a complete path for electrons to travel
② open circuit 개방회로
- does not allow a complete path for the electrons to travel

• Voltage of a cell ( electron push ) 접압

a force is needed to make the charge in a circuit to move.
- This force is provided by the battery. The size of the push depends on the voltage.

• Measurement
① volts (V)
② using voltmeter

• changing circuit 회로변경

①
- two or more cells are connected in series their voltage add up.
두 개 이상의 셀이 직렬로 연결되어 전압이 합산됩니다.
- a bigger voltage in a circuit makes a bigger current flow.
회로의 더 큰 전압은 더 큰 전류 흐름을 만듭니다.
②
- components with resistance make the current in a circuit smaller.
저항이 있는 부품은 회로의 전류를 더 작게 만듭니다.
- when components are connected in series ,the resistance in the circuit is greater and so the current
is smaller.
구성 요소가 직렬로 연결되면 회로의 저항이 커지므로 전류가 작아집니다.
Electric Resistance 전기저항
The ability of a material to resist the flow of charge
Units: Ohms (W)
- The amount of charge that flows through a circuit depends on two things
① Voltage provided by source
② Electric resistance of the conductor

Resistor
- Thick wires have less resistance than thin wires
- Short wires have less resistance than long wires
- Higher temperatures usually cause more resistance
- The resistance in some materials becomes almost zero at very low temperatures