LESSON: The Discipline of Counseling

Objectives:
1. To know the definition of Counseling through KWL Chart.
2. To identify the goals and scope of counseling and discuss the core values and principles
of counseling through I need help, where will I go, in what way will Counseling
empower me and which Counseling principle I agree most;
3. To demonstrate comprehension of counseling principles through case analysis.

Pre Test

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: The following statements enable you to reflect on or figure – out your level of
understanding about counseling. You are required to agree or disagree with each of the following
statements. Before the chapter study. Place a check mark (/) on the Before the Chapter Study column
if you agree with the statement and cross (X) if you do not agree.
After the Chapter Study. Place a check mark (/) on the After the Chapter Study column if you agree
with the statement and a cross mark (X) if you do not agree.

Before the Study Statements After the Chapter Study

Counseling as an art is the
subjective dimension of
counseling. It acclaims a flexible
and creative process whereby the
counselor modifies the approach
to meet the developing needs of
clients.
Remedial goals refer to assisting a
client to overcome and treat an
undesirable development.
Counseling happens when a
person who is distressed asks and
permits another person to enter
into a particular kind of
connection with him or her.
A licensed professional scholar
may render to individuals ,
groups, organizations , or the
general public counseling services
involving the application of
clinical counseling principles,
methods, or procedures to assist
individuals in achieving more
effective personal, social,
educational, or career
development and adjustment.
The way we perceive or view
things, people, events and our
environment, is influenced by our
values.
Counselors treat with confidence
personal information about
clients, whether obtained directly
or indirectly by inference.
In view of the theory of
utilitarianism in relation to
beneficence, the application of
utilitarianism would be to apply
an ethical decision in the light of
costs and benefits for each
 participant.

ACTIVITY 2

KWL Chart
Direction: Complete the table below.

Topic: The Discipline of Counseling

What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned
About Counseling About Counseling About Counseling

STUDY TIME!

Counseling – For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a science wherein you
endeavor to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the counseling process.

- As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a flexible and creative

process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to meet the developing needs of
the clients.

- As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the counseling process.

- In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is distressed asks for help
and permit another person to enter into a kind of connection with him/her. It is
indicative with formal of someone in search of counseling requests for time and
attention from person who will listen, who will allow him/her to speak and who will
not condemn and criticize him/her.

- Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways such as presence of
good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.

- Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and counseling is the
profession that implicates the application of “ an integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual “ through the provision of support that
aids an individual to use his/her potential to the fullest in accord with his/her interest ,
needs and abilities. (University of Queensland, 2015)

- At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference in Pittsburgh in March

2010, the representatives come to an agreement on a mutual definition of counseling.
They agreed that counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse
individuals, families and group to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and
career goals (Kaplan, Tarvydas, and Gladding, 2014).

Goals of Counseling – the key component of individual, group, organizational and community success
detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and Mitchell (2003), which are
as follows:
1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and development
including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.
3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different activities, etc.
6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing, thinking, and feeling is
fine
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills
8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health
9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning emotional control,
and developing positive self – concept.

The presented list of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement of the above goals.
Goal Description
Insight Understanding of the origins and development of
emotional difficulties , leading to an increased capacity
to take rational control over feelings and actions
Relating with others Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful
and satisfying relationships with other people : for
example , within the family or workplace
Self- awareness Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that
had been blocked off or denied, or developing a more
accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.
Self- acceptance The development of a positive attitude toward self,
marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of
experience that had been the subject of self- criticism
and rejection
Self – actualization Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or
achieving an integration of previously conflicting parts
of self.
Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of
spiritual awakening
Problem- Solving Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client
had not been able to resolve alone. Acquiring a general
competence in problem – solving
Psychological education Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques with
which to understand and control behavior
Acquisition of Social Skills Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills
such as maintenance of eye contact , turn taking in
conversations, assertive, or anger control
Cognitive change The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or
mal adaptive thought patterns associated with self-
destructive behavior
Behavior change The modification or replacement of maladaptive or
self- destructive patterns of behavior.
Systematic change Introducing change into the way in that social systems
operate
Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and knowledge that will
enable to client to take control of his or her own life
Restitution Helping the client to make amends for previous
destructive behavior
Generality Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for
others and pass on knowledge and to contribute to the
collective good through political engagement
 Scope of Counseling

The wide ranges of human problems create a widened scope and field of counseling. Broadly,
the scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital counseling, family
counseling, and community counseling. A more focused subject matter related to scope of counseling
is the 4757-15 Scope of Practice foe Licensed Professional Counselors. It contains the rights and
responsibilities of licensed counselors including the following:

Licensed Professional Counselors may for a fee, salary, or other considerations

1. Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public compromising
of: application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures to assist individuals in
realizing effective personal, social, educational, or career development and adjustment.

2. “Apply clinical counseling principles, methods , and procedures “, means an approach to counseling
that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients through all of the following:
assessing and analyzing emotional conditions , exploring possible solutions, and developing and
providing treatment plan for mental and emotional adjustment or development. It may include
counseling, appraisal, consulting, supervision, administration, and referral.

3. Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under the supervision
of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrists, independent marriage and family
therapist, or independent social worker.

4. Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor trainees when services are within
their scope of practice, which does not include supervision of the diagnosis and treatment of mental
and emotional disorders.

Core Values- is a key component of an organization. It has significant influence on other organizational
components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as standards that shape the members behavior
in their interaction with their clients and other people.
According to Mcleod (2003), the founders of humanistic psychology, including Maslow and Roger,
highlighted the importance of values.
Ethical Principles of counseling which are follows:
Ethical Principles These are the ideas that underpin both personal and professional codes.
1. Autonomy of individuals
 Is based on the right to freedom of action and freedom of
choice in so far as the pursuit of these freedom does not
interfere with the freedom of others ; counseling cannot
happen unless the client has made a free choice to participate

2. Principle of Non maleficence

 This refers to instruction to all helpers or healers that they
must ,above all, do no harm;
 Beneficence refers to the order to promote human welfare

3. Principle of Justice
 Concerned with the fair distribution of resources and
services , unless there is some acceptable reason for treating
them differently
 For counseling , the principle has particular relevance to the
question access
PRACTICE TIME!

ACT 1: I Need Help, Where Will I Go?

Instruction:
1. If something is bothering about life matters: academics, relationships, family, identity, and financial
concerns, with whom do you share your problem? Will you pursue formal help or a non-formal help?
Why or why not? Explain your answer.

2. Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

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ACTIVITY 2:
In What Way Will Counseling Empower Me?
Instruction:
1. On counseling goals, John McLeod contends that: “counseling aims to empower the client by
helping him/her make critical decisions in life, develop ability to cope, enhance effectiveness,
and improve quality of life”.

2. What do you think about this statement? Do you accept or support it? How will it empower you?
Explain your answer.

3. Write your answer in the box.

Open Notes
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ACTIVITY 3: Which Counseling Principle I Agree Most?
Instruction:
1. Among those four ethical principle that we discuss in class, namely , principle of autonomy of
individuals, principles of non-maleficence, principle of justice, and principle of fidelity, which
will you choose to present? Why this principle? What aspect of the principle influences you?
Please explain.

2. Write your answers on the box.

Open Notes
Name:______________________________________________________________________________________
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ACTIVITY 4:
Directions: Read and answer the following questions. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. What are the importance of counseling?

2. If you give a chance to become a counselor what are the characteristics do you think that
a counselor should have and why?