6. 4.

3 methods for stoppage protection

There are several methods to prevent stoppage corrosion in boiler steam system. But the
basicprinciples are as follow:

(1 ) Do not let air enter into boiler steam system which is out of operation.

(2) Keep stoppage boiler steam system metallic surface dry. Practice has proved that relativehumidity
smaller than 20% inside stoppage apparatus can avoid corrosion.

(3) Foliu a layer of film with antiseptic function on metal surface.

(4) Make metal surface soak into aqueous solution which contains deoxidant or other protectant.
Stoppage protection method can be divided into full-water protection and dryness protection.

1. Full-water protection

This method is to make boiler full of protective aqueous solution and to stop oxygen in the air»om
getting into boiler, which has different kinds according to different aqueous solution composing.

(1) Hydrazine method, using deoxidant and hydrazine to form into protective aqueous solutionand
feeding up boiler, whose specific steps are illustrated respectively as follow

1) Drum boiler. Do not dewater after boiler stops. And then use drug-inlet pump to add
ammoniawater and hydrazine with purpose of adjusting water pH value, and make every part of
boilersteam system full of water which is added to ammonia and hydrazine and make its
concentrationeven. Adding amount they put should make overplus hydrazine concentration 200mg/L
and pH(25 ° C) bigger than 10. If boiler is preserved after its overhaul or dewatering check, firstly
deliverfull water or demineralization water after dioxide into boiler, and then add hydrazine and
ammronia water into water, We can use demineralization water without dioxide. If there has no
feed water or demineralization. Iight up boiler till its steam pressure gets a bit higher than
atmospheric pressure, then emit a certain amount of steam to enable water to get deoxided. At last,
add hy drazine and ammonia water.

2) Concurrent boiler. During the period of concurrent boiler stoppage. Increase drug amount of
hydrazine and ammonia in feed water processing equipment after boiler stoppage procedure runs
to start segregaton letting overplus hydrazine in boiler feed water be 200mg/L and pH (25 ° C) be
10. Not until boiler stops should this kind of aqueous solution be still kept inside boiler.
Whether it is drum boiler or concurrent boiler, when adopting this kind of stoppage protection, all
relevant valves and other steam system attachments tighmess should be checked to avoid drug
leakage before adding hydrazine and ammonia solution into boiler. When boiler is full of
protective solution. shut all valves and check steam system tighmess again. It had better press
protective aqueous solution inside boiler to 0. 98 MPa (10kg/cm2) with pump to prevent air from
getting into boiler and consuming hydrazine. Or set up proper water seal tank containing
protective solution in the supreme position of the boiler to ensure that every part of boiler is filled
with this kind of protective solution.
If protection period is to be relatively long, take a sample and analyze hydrazine concentrationand pH
value in every part of boiler steam system regularly. Add more hydrazine or ammonia water when
hydrazine concentration or pH value drops, If protection period is short, we cannottake a sample in
order to simply operation under the condition that attachments like valves have good air tighmess.

Due to low temperature, it is possible to have freezing inside boilec So, antifreezing measuresmust be
taken when adopting full-water protection method in winter. For example, start up boiler
at intervals to keep boiler water under certain temperature.

Hydrazine method, applied to the boiler for long-term stoppage or backup boile* is used to protect
boiler body, superheater and stokehold thermodynamic system. Middle reheater with reheating
assembling unit cannot adopt hydrazine method or other full-water methods. Because reheater is
connected with steam turbine system, having the danger of inletting water inside boiler, dry hot air
is generally used to carry on stoppage protection.

Discharge protective medicine into trench before start-ofF when adopting hydrazine solution. Give
dilution to hydrazine when draining away to guarantee sakty for it is poisonous, and carry on
cleaning inside boiler after drainage. Boiler should deliver steam into air in front of warm-up of
turbine after boiler lights up. Supply steam until ammonia content in steam is lower than 2m/k.
This is to prevent cupreous pipelines of steam condenser from being corroded by ammonia which
is decomposed by hydrazine under high temperature and high pressure.

(2) Ammonia liquor method. Ammonia liquor method is adopted in view of steel having the
Perf ormance without being corroded by oxygen in high nitrogen content water (800-1000mglL).
Pump the thin ammonia liquor with concentration higher than 800rlL which is formed by
condensation water or makeup water into boiler steam system, make it recycle inside the system
and close all valves of boiler tightly until sample ammonia concentration that each sampling point
gets tends to be the same to prevent ammonia liquor from leaking out. Analyze ammonia liquor
concentration once every week in the period of stoppage. Find out the reasons, take somePrecautions
and add more new ammonia liquor when ammonia concentration drops.
Discharge stored water before adding ammonia liquor into boiler. vertical superheater should use
ammonia liquor to top up water accumulation. Because ammonia liquor will corrode cupreous
attachments, break up them or isolate cupreous attachments which probably contact with ammonia
liquor in advance. water temperature should not be too high and system should be tight forammonia
liquor can be easily evaporated.

Deliver water after ammonia liquor is fully discharged before boiler starts. After boiler lights up
and increases steam pressure, use steam to wash superheater and deliver it into air. Merge outlet
steam into main steam mother tube or deliver steam into steam turbine until ammonia content in
steam is lower than 2mg/kg. The purpose of taking these measures is to keep cupreousattachments
from corrosion caused by high ammonia content in steam.

Liquid ammonia is applied to the boiler for long-term protection. Adopting this method should
take antifreezing measures if boiler rooin gets low temperature and has the possibility of being
frozen.

(3) Feed water pressure holding method. It is to fill the boiler with full qualified dioxide feed
wateq use feed pump to top pressure, make water pressure in boiler 1. 01-1. 52Mpa(gauge pressure)
and then shut all valves of steam system to prevent air from infiltrating and corroding. In the
Period of protection. Give close supervision to pressure inside boiler (it had better use pressure
autographic recorder) and deliver top pressure to feed water if water pressure drops. Analyze
dissolved oxygen in water once a day and change water if oxygen content exceeds feed water
allowable standards.
This method is generally applied to boiler for short-term stoppage. And antifreezing measures
must be taken when adopting this method in water.

(4) Steam pressure holding method. As for content boiler (chain-grate boiler for instance) or the
boiler which often starts and stops, use the method of starting up at intervals to keep boiler
steampressure between 0. 506 and 1. O15MPa (gauge pressure) and prevent air infihration into
boilersteam system. In the period of protection, maintain the operating standard of water phosphate
radicals, analyze P03-4 in water and oxygen content per shift and record boiler pressure. Light up
boiler to blow ofF steam when dissolved oxygen in boiler water is not up to standard.
This method with simple operation and convenient start-ofr is suitable for hot reserve boiler.

(5) Mixed liquor of sodium phosphate and sodium nitrate protection method. It lies in that sodium
being corroded.
phosphate and sodium nitrate can form protective film on metal surface and protect metal »om
The steps are : infiltrating boiler parts which need to be protected with mixed solution of 0. I%-l%
NaN02 and 0. I%-l% H such as Pch. Discharge this kind of liquor fully and carry out
thoroughcleaning before boiler puts into operation.
This method can be used in boiler which can easily discharge water completely, and also can beyused
to protect superheater in the overhaul period of middle and low pressure boilers.

2. Dry protection method

This method is to keep metal surface dry and prevent corrosion. Specific kinds ofthis method
areshown below:

(1) Oven drying method. Dewater (often called hot stove dewatering) when boiler water
temperature drops to 100-1 20'C after boiler is out of operation. When water is drained away
completely. utilize boiler afterheat or ignition device to light up low fire inside of furnace. or
introduce hot wind into combustion chamber to dry metal surface inside boiler. This method is
suitably used in boiler overhauling corrosion protection. In the overhaul period, cleaning
sediments in boiler steam system should be arranged on the verge of overhaul accomplishment.
Take stoppage protection measures when boiler after being tested cannot put into
operationimmediately.

(2) Nitrogen filling method. This method is to deliver nitrogen into boiler steam system and make
it keep certain positive pressure (bigger than environmental atmospheric pressure) and prevent air
infrltration. Nitrogen, with the performance of inactivity and noncorrosiveness, can be used toprevent
boiler stoppage corrosion.

The method is when boiler stops and drops its pressure to 0. 3-0. 5 MPa, connect nitrogen filling
pipelines well. Then deliver nitrogen through gas-holder or nitrogen tank and nitrogen filling
temporary pipeline into boiler drum and superheater. Nitrogen purity should be 99% or even
higher. When filling nitrogen, we can discharge water inside boiler steam system, or not. After
filling nitrogen, nitrogen pressure in boiler steam system should be above 0. 3-0. 5MPa
(gaugepressure). As for the boiler not having been dewatered and the parts of boiler without
completed watering, it had better add certain amount of hydrazine, use ammonia to a¢just water pH
valueto ]0 below and supervise the amount of dissolved oxygen in water and over plus hydrazine
regularly before nitrogen filling. When filling nitrogen, shut up all valves of boiler steam system
tightly to avoid leaking out, cause big consumption of nitrogen and hardly maintaining nitrogen
pressure. periode of nitrogen filling protection, supervise nitrogen pressure in boiler steam system
and boiler air tightness. Check out the place of leakage and take measures to eliminate when
nitrogenis consumed too much. When the boiler is started, discharge nitrogen into air during the
process of boiler filling and lighting up. Nitrogen filling method with the characteristics of simple
operation and convenient start-ofF issuitably to the boiler for short-term stoppage protection.