🧪 AP CHEMISTRY CRAM CHART 2021 // @thinkfiveable // http://fiveable.me   

 

Atomic Structure and  Molecular & Ionic Compound 

Intermolecular Forces & Properties  Chemical Reactions  Kinetics 
Properties  Structure and Properties 
Unit 1 ↓  Unit 2 ↓  Unit 3 ↓  Unit 4 ↓  Unit 5 ↓ 

● Conversions - Avogrado’s  ● Ionic Bonds - between metal and 

Strongest to Weakest IMFs:  ● Limiting Reactant - compound 
number, molar mass, and mole  nonmetals, e- are transferred.  ● Rates of Reaction - The rate 
● Ion-Dipole - ionic compounds + liquid  that runs out during the 
ratios  ● Covalent Bonds - between  at which reactants turn into 
● H-Bonds - fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen  reaction, stopping it. 
● Empirical+Molecular Formula -  nonmetals, e- are shared.  products. 
● Dipole-Dipole - between two polar  ● Writing Net Ionic Equations - 
These are the simplest whole #  ● Lattice Energy - energy of ionic  ● Rate Laws - Relates to the 
molecules (polar=asymmetrical)   Net ionic equations remove 
ratio of atoms for a compound  bonds.  concentration of reactants 
● LDFs - exist in every sample.   spectator ions to show the 
and the chemical formula for a  ● Metallic Bonds - The sharing of  and the reaction order.  
● Bulk Scale Properties - Melting Point,  species that actually interact in 
compound, respectively.  free e- between metal atoms.  ● Integrated Rate Laws - Time 
Boiling Point, Viscosity, etc.  a reaction. 
● Mass Spectroscopy - Mass to  ● Alloys - Compounds of di erent  a ects concentration of a 
● Types of Solids   ● Combustion Reactions - 
charge ratio of compounds.  metals  reactant. 
● Kinetic Molecular Theory - gas  Hydrocarbon + O2 → H2O + CO2 
● Electron Configurations -  ● Lewis Structures and VSEPR -  ● Collision Theory - Particles 
particles: (1) are far apart (2) are in  ● Redox Reactions - Transfer of 
Electrons fill the lowest energy  Bonding diagrams and geometric,  must collide in the right 
constant motion (3) collide elastically  electrons. 
level orbital first, no two e- can  3-D shapes of compounds.  orientation with enough 
(4) do not attract or repel each other  ● Acid-Base Reactions - Transfer 
have the same spin, and e-  ● Hybridization - atomic orbitals  energy to carry out a reaction. 
(5) average k.e. = temperature  of protons. 
occupy separate subshells  fuse to form new orbitals   The faster this happens, the 
● Ideal Gas Law - PV = nRT  ● Precipitation Reactions - 
before sharing one.  ● Formal Charge - Charge of an  faster the reaction rate is. 
● Solutions - “like dissolves like”  Formation of insoluble solids. 
● Photoelectron Spectroscopy -  element in a molecule.  ● Reaction Mechanisms - 
● Beer’s Law - A = abc represents the  ● Stoichiometry - Mole 
Measures the amount of energy  ● Resonance - Molecules bonding  Elementary reactions that 
change in light’s energy as it passes  conversions to predict amounts 
electrons release.  structure is a combination of  describe steps in a reaction.  
through a material.  of products or reactants. 
● Periodic trends - recognizing  other possible structures.  ● Rate Determining Step - The 
● Photons, wavelength, frequency, and  ● Titrations - Finding an 
them and explaining them  ● Coulomb’s Law - shorter  slowest step of the reaction. 
energy - Photons carry energy in  equivalence point for acid-base 
● Mixtures - Homogeneous (pure)  distances + higher charges =  Limits reaction. 
waves; E = hv and c = λv.  reactions. 
and heterogeneous  strongest attractions 

Thermodynamics  Equilibrium  Acids and Bases  Applications of Thermodynamics 

Unit 9 ↓  Additional Information 
Unit 6 ↓  Unit 7 ↓  Unit 8 ↓ 
● Equilibrium Condition - Forward  ● Entropy (ΔS) - disorder  Content Good to Memorize: 
● Specific Heat - energy required  rate = reverse rate and  ● Acids - produce H+; H+ donors  ● The amount of entropy will  ● VSEPR chart 
to raise the temperature of 1g  concentrations are constant.  ● Bases - produce OH-; H+ acceptors  always increase over time.  ● Polyatomic ions  
of a substance by 1°C.  ● Equilibrium Expression and  ● Common Formulas - pH = -log[H3O+],  ● Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) -  ● Equations not on the 
● Enthalpy of Reaction - ΔH, the  Constant - Ratio of products to  pOH = -log[OH-], pH + pOH = 14,  Available energy that can be  reference table 
amount of heat absorbed or  reactants at equilibrium.  [H+][OH-] = Kw.  converted into work  ● Strong acids and bases  
released by a reaction.  ● ICE Tables - Calculate  ● Acid and Base Dissociation Constant:  ● Spontaneous = -ΔG =  ● Unit conversions  
● Calorimetry - Experimental way  equilibrium concentrations or  If less than 1, reaction favors the  Thermodynamically favorable  ● Solubility rules  
to measure the enthalpy of  pressures.  reactants. If greater, favors products.  ● ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = -RTlnK  ● Kinetics - integrated rate laws  
reaction (q=mCΔT)  ● Reaction Quotient - Ratio of  ● Strong Acids + Bases - completely  ● Voltaic Cells - spontaneous  ● Kinetics - units of K based on 
● Hess’s Law - The total enthalpy  products to reactants at any  dissociate into ions in water  reactions, cell potential must  order of reaction 
of reaction is a sum of the  point in the reaction.  ● Percent Dissociation - change in  be positive  ● Relationship between ΔG, ΔH, 
enthalpies for each step.  ● Solubility Product -  concentration / initial x 100  ● Standard Cell Potential (E°) -  and spontaneity 
● Enthalpy of Formation - The  Ratios/products of soluble  ● Bu ers - occur between weak  potential energy di erence   
change in enthalpy of forming 1  compounds. Na, K, NH4+, and  substances and their conjugates, they  between electrodes in volts..  AP Format 
mole of a compound.  nitrate salts are soluble in water.  resist drastic changes in pH  ● Salt Bridge - balances charge  ● MCQ Section - 90 minutes, 60 
● Bond Enthalpy = Σ energy of  ● Le Chatelier’s Principle -  ● Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation  ● Electrolytic Cells - requires an  questions, 50% of the exam  
bonds broken - Σ energy of  Reactions counteract changes  ● Titration Curves - pH v volume of  outside energy source(I = q/t).  ● FRQ Section - 105 minutes, 7 
bonds formed  the system in order to maintain  titrant added  ● 1 volt = 1 J / 1 coulomb  questions, 50% of the exam, 
equilibrium.  ● Equivalence Point - pH=pKa, [HA]=[A-]  ● ΔG = -nℱE°  calculator allowed. 

FRQ TIPS: Follow the directions 💎 Write out relevant equations 💎 Use proper sig figs 💎 Be confident!