AILENE C.

GARCIA
BS-ENTREPRENEURSHIP II-A

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes some important terms that were used in the study and some related

studies such as books, past written theses, journals and other significant materials which are written in

foreign and local language and that can be relevant and can provide a foundation of the study. It also

includes the conceptual model of the study.

Local Literature

Information Technology in Business

According to Aquino (2005) the importance of computer application is increasing day by

day. In the latest decades of the Millennium winning organization are those which are willing to

integrate business strategy and computer information technology in plying their respective

trades. The use of computer information technology results for them to be able to develop

products fast and make decisions fast, ability to have fluid organization structures, able to cope

with the demanding work force and external environment by the rapid development of

innovative approaches and lastly using information system confirms the company’s mission

vision. Schools use information systems in the way of implementing an enrolment system. This

results for them to attract enrollees and earn an income. Enrollees are attracted because the

use of the said system makes the transactions faster and easier.

Schools use information systems in the way of implementing an enrollment system. This

results for them to attract enrollees and earn an income. Enrollees are attracted because the

use of the said system makes the transactions faster and easier.
File Management

According to Anderson & Krogh (2015).The data being worked on with computers is kept in a

hierarchical file system in which directories have files and subdirectories beneath them. Although the

computer operating system is used to keep the image data organized, how files and folders are named,

how these nested folders are arranged, and how the files in these folders are handled are the

fundamental aspects of file management. The operating system's organization of data can be enhanced

by the use of cataloging programs, which make organizing and finding image files easier than simply

relying on the computer's directory structure. Another feature of catalog programs is that they can

streamline backup procedures for better file protection (Anderson & Krogh, 2015).

File management is very important, because if they are not stored in an ordered, methodical

way, one may never be able to find them again. Secondly, files need to be backed up. Flash drives, CDs,

and even hard drives can become corrupted. It is also possible to delete important files by mistake -

human errors occur frequently when a person is very tired - leading to the loss of that important

assignment. Another copy on another disk is really important (Palmer, 2015).

A file management system is a type of software that manages data files in a computer system. It

has limited capabilities and is designed to manage individual or group files, such as special office

documents and records. It may display report details like owner, creation date, state of completion, and

similar features useful in an office environment (Janalla, 2015).

Programming Language

It is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer to perform specific

tasks. High-level programming languages, while simple compared to human languages, are more

complex than the languages the computer actually understands, called machine languages. Each

different type of central processing unit (CPU) has its own unique machine language (Reynolds, 2013).
 Microsoft Visual Studio is one of the programming languages that can create programs.

Microsoft Visual Studio is a powerful IDE that ensures quality code throughout the entire application

lifecycle, from design to development.

The programming language use by the researchers is PHP. PHP is one of the foundations of

developing a system. The said related literature assists the researchers to know more about PHP.

Integrated Process Planning System

According to Tinio (2002), many countries nowadays, especially the developing nations

are challenged by the rapid technological changes. This has radically changed the living and

working styles of the entire society. This transformation has been driven partly by rapid

technological innovation. While in the 20th century saw the rise of the industrial revolution

with steam-powered machines intensifying and expanding human productive power, the

2lthcentury was characterized by the birth of machine-powered flight and the emergence of

broadcasting and computer technologies the extend the reach of human creativity even more

and made possible new ways by which humans could live and work together.

This process planning includes building of the database. It is stated that during the building of

the database there are two important considerations that need to be included: process knowledge and

facility information. Facility information simply describes what the system has such as inventory data.

The process knowledge includes process capabilities. It is also stated there that it is necessary to have

complete process capability information before a true generative process planning system can be

develop.

Computerized Registration System

 The department is currently implementing the computerized registration system (CRS) and

student records of the University of the Philippines – Diliman. This computerization projects were

proposed by the department in support of the administration’s call for computerization. The projects

involve the design, development, and installation of systems capable of accepting, processing, and

reporting student’s personal, academic, and registration information. In addition, the projects are

expected to automate the various tasks in record keeping, information management, and the

registration process of the university. To realize the objectives of the projects, the department is

providing technical assistant to the office of the university registrar, the office of the chancellor and to

strategic administrative unit of the university, the university is expected to have full electronic control

on student records and academic information that will substantially strengthen the university’s

transaction and informational infrastructures. (www.engg.upd.edu.ph/cs/linkages).

Foreign Literature

The Evolving Role of Information System and Technology in Organization

The use of computers in business started in the early 1950s but really only become significant in

the mid to late 1960 with the development of multi-purpose mainframe computers. Major increase in

processing speed, cheaper memory and more useful magnetic disk and tape storage, plus better

programming language made.

During the 1970s mini computers of increasing power and satisfaction were used or a variety of

application often not feasible of economic in a mainframe environment. However, the views developed

of the rule of information system and their past and expected future evolutions were based strongly on

a centralized integrated concepts derived from the mainframe origins.

 The most well know of those evolutionary models was developed by Gibson (1974) and Nolan

(1979). This model in turn used a hierarchical application portfolio model described by Anthony (1965).

Anthony’ model defined a structure for information system in an organization based on a stratification

of management activity into:

 Strategic planning

 Management control

 Operation control

Adobe Photoshop

According to Hufana and Valera (2007) stated that Photoshop are special for drawing and

graphics application, software design for this purpose can produce superior results. When an image is

complete, it can be incorporated into a presentation program for display with other visuals in a

presentation.

Moreover, Adobe Photoshop is used for media editing, animation, and authoring. The .PSD

(Photoshop Document), Photoshop’s native format, stores an image with support for most imaging

options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency,

text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many

other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable

functionality.

Adobe Photoshop was used by the researchers to enhance the buttons, images, and general

user interface of their system.

Simply SQL
 SQL is the language used by all major database system today. SQL has been around for about 30

years, but is enjoying a real renaissance in the 21 st century, thanks to the tremendous success of

database-driven websites. Whether your websites is written in PHP, ASP, Perl, ColdFusion, or any other

programming language, and no matter which database system you want to use one fact is almost

certain: if you want to have database-driven content, you’ll need to use SQL. SQL is a simple, high-level

language with tremendous power. You can perform task with a few lines of SQL that would take pages

and pages of intricate coding to accomplish in a programming language. (Limeback, 2008)

SQL was used by the researchers to manipulate the database around the system. The said

literature improved the knowledge of the researchers regarding the said language.

Fishbone Diagram

The Fishbone Diagram is also known as the cause and effect diagram, the root cause analysis,

and the Ishikawa diagram, named after its originator Kaoru Ishikawa, the Japanese quality pioneer. It is

generally called the fishbone diagram because the diagram resembles that of a fishbone. In simple

terms, Fishbone is brainstorming in a structured format. The technique uses graphical means to relate

the causes of a problem to the problem itself, in other words, to determine cause and effect. The

diagram focuses on the causes rather than the effect. Because there maybe a number of causes for a

particular problem, this technique helps us to identify the root cause of the problem in a structured and

a complicated manner. It also helps us to work on each cause prior to finding the root cause (Simmon,

2006).

Activity Diagram

Activity Diagram is simply a workflow diagram that describes a various user(or system) activities, the

person who does each activity, and the sequential flow of these activities. The ovals represent the
individual activities in a workflow. The connecting arrows represent the sequence among the activities.

The black circles are used to denote the beginning and ending of the workflow. The diamond is a

decision point at which the flow of the process will either follow one path or the other path. The heavy

solid line is a synchronization bar, which either splits the path into multiple concurrent paths or

recombines concurrent paths. The swim lane represents an agent who performs the activities. Since in a

workflow it is common to have different agents (that is, people) performing different steps of the

workflow process, the swim lane symbol divides the workflow activities into groups, showing which

agents perform which activity (Satziger et al., 2008)

Local Studies

Dagupan City National High School Enrollment System

Many problems and difficulties were identified in the existing system of Dagupan City National

High School (DCNHS). These major concerns are affecting the efficient enrolment system of students.

Security of the students records were found to be at high risk. The current system may fail to protect

some important documents. It has also untimely and inefficient report generation. A computerized

system for DCNHS shall result to a significant increase in the number of enrollees. (Cayabyab, 2007)

Harvent School Enrollment System

In educational institutions like Harvent School in Dagupan City, Composed of elementary and

high school level. The school puts premium to its registration. The enrollment process is the initial stage

in gathering bon fide and accurate student information necessary to establish student permanent

records. A registration and billing system is needed by the institution to address the stated situation. The
study has been made to help Harvent School gather fast and deliver accurate information (Calabozo&

Fernandez, 2006).

Tagaytay Mendez Academy's Enrollment System

The study is a user-friendly program which means that any persons having knowledge with the

computer can properly understand this computerized enrollment system. This system uses a database

concept for accessing and manipulation of files. It provides better storage and retrieval of data. The

system produces reports such as registration form, student list, collectible balance and official receipt.

The study gives the proponents ideas on screed design. Unlike other studies, this study used a

methodology called system development life-cycle (SDLC) that leads to the development of the software

of the enrollment system of Tagaytay Mendez academy like other studies, Visual basic 6.0 programming

language is used in designing the software. The difference of the study from the other is that it has the

capability to compute balance from the account of student (Capuna A F.,Dimaanan C P. And Soriano J G.

2003).

Computerized Enrollment System for Aceba System Technology (ASTI)

The Computerized Enrollment System for ASTI handles process such as enrollment procedures,

assessment of fees, student and faculty scheduling, report generation, efficient handling and

maintenance of student records. The system deals with diverse transaction and function of the

registrars' officer particularly the student records is one of the vital function of the system. Prototyping

Model was used in developing the system to be able to identify the things to be improved before airing

the final system through the subsequent improvements. Greater attention is given to quality factors

such as modularity and flexibility to a quality user to view the class list, class schedules, academic

history, course and curriculum, professors load, employee information, student information and user

account. The system was designed not to abolish the use manual procedures but rather to supplement
the functionalities and enhance the effectiveness of its approaches towards better management and risk

analysis. The study gives the proponent idea on Prototyping Methodology. Unlike other studies, it

includes money-handling routine which is done on the accounting section. It contains similar process like

posy-enrollment, assessment, scheduling and enrollment (Agawin, Baris and Gomez, 2004).

Devine College Automated Enrollment system

Devine College is non-sectarian school in Dasmarinas, Cavite due to encountered problems with

the management of student records and keeping track of account records because of the school's

manual enrollment procedures. This leads to the development of this automated enrollment system.

The system solves problems provide efficiency to the user by providing them with a system bundled with

feature such as report generation tool and new school wizard tool. The system generates action and

information document such as student account reports and query responses and official list of student,

performs accounting process which print in voices, statement of account to keep track of students'

liabilities. A built-in security feature is provided to avoid unauthorized users from tampering and stealing

information. The user interface of the system is constructive and advantageous to end users.

The study gives the proponent ideas on having a picture of students' for the records and

identification card. It uses fixed formulas for computation of fees. The waterfall Model is used and Visual

Basic 6.0 is also used for the system (Opinaldo, Servida and Vinuya, 2003).

Foreign Studies

Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES)

A Local Area Network Enrollment System (LANES) is a broad system. It is a combination of

different function areas such as databases, searching, retrieval, and update of student records, checking

of student's schedule, computation of fees. (Dzubeck, Frank, 2003).

Referrence

https://www.scribd.com/document/331010146/RRL

www.engg.upd.edu.ph/cs/linkages