ECE 3050 - Analysis of Transistor Feedback Amplifiers Page 1

ANALYSIS OF TRANSISTOR FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

Steps In Analyzing Transistor Feedback Amplifiers
1. Identify the topology.
2. Determine whether the feedback is positive or negative.
3. Open the loop and calculate A, ß, Ri, and Ro.
4. Use the Table to find Af, Rif and Rof or AF, RiF, and RoF.
5. Use the information in 4.) to find whatever is required (vout/vin, Rin, Rout, etc.)
Generic Transistor Concept
Properties of a Generic Transistor A signal can only
go out the O terminal
O
A signal can only I
go in the I terminal
U
A signal can in or
out the U terminal
Identification of the Feedback Topology
Isolate the input and output transistor(s) and apply the following identification.
Input
Series:
O O
vs I I
or vf -
+
vi U vi U
- vf + v
s

Shunt:
O O
I I
or
is ii
if U
ii U
is if
Output
Series: Feedback
O O
I io RL I
io
or
U U
Feedback
RL
O
Feedback I
Shunt: + or
O
I vo U
Feedback
RL +
U vo RL
-
-
ECE 3050 - Analysis of Transistor Feedback Amplifiers Page 2

EXAMPLE OF FEEDBACK TOPOLOGY IDENTIFICATION

Use the rules of identifying feedback topologies to identify the four different
topologies for the circuits shown below.

Circuits 1 and 2

+5V
M3 M4

M5 Vout1
Vin M1 M2 M6

Vout2

M7

-5V

Circuits 3 and 4

+5V
M3 M4 M5

Vout1
Vin M1 M2 M6
Vout2

M7

-5V
ECE 3050 - Analysis of Transistor Feedback Amplifiers Page 3

RULES FOR IDENTIFYING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

1. Identify the feedback loop by tracing its path on the diagram. If there are alternate
paths, always choose the path with the highest loop gain. (Remember that a signal can go
in the "I" or "U" terminal of a transistor and can only come out the "O" or "U" terminal.)
2. At any point on the feedback loop, assume the signal is positive and put a "+" mark
at that point. Trace the signal around the loop remembering that the signal only inverts
when it goes in a "I" terminal and out the "O" terminal of a transistor. All other paths
through a transistor do not invert (i.e., "I" to "U" and "U" to "O").
3. When you have traced the polarity of the signal around the feedback loop back to the
point where you placed the "+", the feedback is negative if the signal polarity is "-" and
positive if the signal polarity is "+".

Example 1

VCC

R2 R4
+ +
I1
Q1 Q2
+
+ +
V1
R1 R3
-

Example 2

+5V
M3 M4 +
M5
+
- -
Vout1
- -
Vin M1 M2 M6
- + -
Vout2

M7

-5V
ECE 3050 - Analysis of Transistor Feedback Amplifiers Page 4

EXAMPLE OF FEEDBACK TOPOLOGY IDENTIFICATION

Use the rules of identifying feedback topologies to create the four different negative
feedback topologies using the identical starting structure.

1. Voltage-Voltage (Series-Shunt) 2. Current-Voltage (Shunt-Shunt)

VCC VCC

R2 R4 R2 R4

I1 I1
Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2
+ +

V1 V1
R1 R3 R1 R3
- -

3. Voltage-Current (Series-Series) 4. Current-Current (Shunt-Series)

VCC VCC

R2 R4 R2 R4

I1 I1
Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2
+ +

V1 V1
R1 R3 R1 R3
- -
ECE 3050 - Analysis of Transistor Feedback Amplifiers Page 5

RULES FOR ANALYSIS OF TRANSISTOR FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

Series-Shunt
Rß2
O Output O O vo
O
ii Trans-
ii Input Input Rest of
istor
vs I
Trans- or vs Trans- feedback or
U istor I istor amplifier I Output
I U U v Transistor U
vf o
vf
Rß1 Rß1 Rß2
Rß1 = Resistance seen looking out the I or U terminal of the input transistor with vo = 0.
Rß2 = Resistance seen looking out the O or U terminal of the output transistor with ii = 0.
Series-Series
Rß2
O O Output O
O
ii ii Rest of Trans-
Input Input
I istor
vs Trans- or vs Trans- feedback io or
U I istor amplifier Output I io
istor
I U Trans-
vf vf istor U U
Rß1 Rß2
Rß1
Rß1 = Resistance seen looking out the I or U terminal of the input transistor with io = 0.
Rß2 = Resistance seen looking out the O or U terminal of the output transistor with ii = 0.
Shunt-Shunt

Rß1 Rß1 Rß2

if O if O
Output O O vo
Trans-
is Input is Input Rest of
istor
U Trans- I Trans- feedback or
or
vi istor vi istor amplifier I I
Output
U U vo Transistor U
I
Rß2
Rß1 = Resistance seen looking out the I or U terminal of the input transistor with vo = 0.
Rß2 = Resistance seen looking out the O or U terminal of the output transistor with vi = 0.
Shunt-Series
Rß1 Rß1
Rß2
O Output O
if O if O
Trans-
is Input is Input Rest of
I istor
U Trans- or I Trans- feedback io or
vi istor vi istor amplifier Output I io
Trans-
U istor U
I U
Rß2
Rß1 = Resistance seen looking out the I or U terminal of the input transistor with io = 0.
Rß2 = Resistance seen looking out the O or U terminal of the output transistor with vi = 0.
 ECE 3050 - Analysis of Transistor Feedback Amplifiers Page 6

Summary of the Important Relationships of Open-loop and Closed-loop

Feedback Amplifiers.

Voltage Transconductance Transresistance Current

Quantity Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier Amplifier
Input-output Voltage-voltage Voltage-current Current-voltage Current-current
variable
Ro Ro
Small Signal Ri + Ri
Gmfvin
Ro Ri + Ri Aifiin Ro
Model Avf vin - Rmfiin -

Small Signal + RS + Ro + + RS + Ro io is RS ii Ro +
is RS ii Ro io
Amplifier with vs Ri vi + RL vo vs Ri vi + RL vo
- - - -Gmfvi - Ri Aifii
Source & Load -Avfvi - RL Ri R i
mf i - RL

Ideal RS RS = 0 or RS<<Ri RS = 0 or RS<<Ri RS = ∞ or RS>>Ri RS = ∞ or RS>>Ri

Ideal RL RL = ∞ or RL>>Ro RL = 0 or RL<<Ro RL = ∞ or RL>>Ro RL = 0 or RL<<Ro
Overall Forward RiRLAvf RiRoGmf RSRLRmf RSRoAif
Gain AV= GM= RM= AI =
(RS+Ri)(RL+Ro) (RS+Ri)(RL+Ro) (RS+Ri)(RL+Ro) (RS+Ri)(RL+Ro)
Feedback Series-shunt Series-series Shunt-shunt Shunt-series
Topology
Ideal ß, finite RIF ROF RIF io ROUT RIF ROF RIF io ROUT
RS and RL + RS + Ro +v + RS + Ro is ii Ro + is ii Ro
vo
vi + +
o
vs Ri RL vs vi RL RL RL
Feedback Small Ri
- vfv-i -
- βvo
A - - βvo - ROF RS βvo Ri
Rmfii - RS βio Ri A i ROF
-
+

Signal Models - + Gmfvi if i

Closed-Loop
Gain (Ideal RS A G R A
and RL) A vF = (1+Avf ß ) GmF = (1+Gmfß ) RmF = (1+Rmf ß ) A iF = (1+Aif ß )
vf v mf g mf r if i
Closed-Loop
Input Resist- RiF = Ri(1 + Avfßv) RiF = Ri(1 + Gmfßg) Ri Ri
ance (Ideal RS R iF = R iF =
1 + R mf ß r 1 + A if ß i
and RL)
Closed-Loop
Output Resist- Ro RoF = Ro(1 + Rmfßg) Ro RoF = Ro(1 + Aifßi)
ance (Ideal RS RoF = RoF =
1 + A vf ß v 1 + R mf ß r
and RL)
Closed-Loop
Gain A G R A
AVF = (1+AVß ) GMF = (1+GMß ) RMF = (1+RM ß ) AIF = (1+AI ß )
V v M g M r I i
Closed-Loop R iR S R iR S
Input Resist- RIF = RIF = R i+R S R i+R S
ance (Ri+RS)(1+AVßv) (Ri+RS)(1 + GMßg) RIF = RIF =
1 + RM ßr 1 + A Iß i
R oR L R oR L
Closed-Loop Ro+RL ROF = Ro+RL ROF =
Output Resist- ROF = (Ro+RL)(1+GMßg) ROF = (Ro+RL)(1+AIßi)
1 + AV ßv 1 + RM ßr
ance
Output Resist- RL RL
ROUT = (R -R ) ROUT = (R -R )
ance of Series ROUT = ROF ROF OF L ROUT = ROF ROF OF L
Output Fb. Ckt