Anatomy 4.

Buffers – a solution of a weak acid and

its conjugate base.
- Is the study of structure
Organic:
Physiology
1. Carbohydrates – CHO; source of
 Is the study of the functions of the energy.
human body.
 Studies the mechanisms by which the o Monosaccharides:
various organs and tissues carry out  Glucose,
their specific activities.  Fructose,
 Galactose,
Pathophysiology
 Ribose,
 Is the study of disordered functioning.  Deoxyribose
o Disaccharides:
Sucrose,
Molecules of Life Lactose and
Maltose
Inorganic: o Polysaccharides:
 Starches,
1. Water - 70%; both inside and outside  Glycogen,
the cells.  Cellulose
Functions:
2. Lipids
Lubricant and Cushion
Heat Sink  Triglycerides
Component of Mixtures: Solutions,
Colloids and Suspensions - One of the most common dietary lipid
Chemical Reactions: Dehydration groups, and the type found most
Synthesis and Hydrolysis abundantly in body tissues.

- glycerol + 3 fatty acids

2. Salts
 formed when ions form ionic bonds.  Phospholipids
 capable of conducting an electrical  Steroids
current in solution; transmits nerve  Prostaglandin
impulses and prompts muscle
contraction. 3. Proteins - composed of amino acids
 Bile Salts; Calcium Phosphate Salt linked by peptide bonds

Dynamic Functions:
3. Acids and Bases
- Stomach acid (HCl);  Transport and Storage
- Small Intestine (HCO-3) e.g:
- Acid-Base Balance o Myoglobin and
o Hemoglobin,
 o Transferrin,
o Ferritin
 Muscular Contraction
e.g:
 Actin and
 Myosin
 Biologic catalyst
e.g. Enzymes
 Metabolic control
e.g. Hormones
 Immune System
e.g. Immunoglobulins
 Tissue Differentiation
e.g.
Collagen,
Elastin,
Keratin

Structural Functions
Denaturation – destruction of 4⁰, 3⁰ and 2⁰
levels of protein structure with loss of
function

Nucleic Acids – biomolecules that play a role

in the storage (DNA) and expression (RNA)
of genetic information.

Nucleotides – building blocks of nucleic acids

linked by phosphodiester bonds.

Three (3) components:

 Phosphate;
 Nitrogenous base;
 5C sugar/pentose

Nitrogenous Bases:

 Purine: Guanine, Adenine

 Pyrimidine: Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine