17e11a0509 Seminar

A
Seminar Report
On
e-Agriculture: Irrigation System based on Weather
Forecasting
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology In
Information Technology
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad

Submitted By
P.CHANDANA(18E11A1230)
Under the guidance of

Mr.K.Bhaskar
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Accredited by NAAC, Accredited by NBA (UG Programmes: CSE, ECE, EEE & Mechanical)
Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH Hyderabad
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana.
[2019-2020]
i
Ibrahimpatnam -501 510, Hyderabad, Telangana
CERTIFICATE
Certified that Seminar work entitled “e-Agriculture:Irrigation
System based on Weather Forecasting” is a bonafide work
carried out in the IV Year I Semester by
“P.CHANDANA(18E11A1230)” in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology
from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
during the academic year 2021-2022.
Supervisor: Head of the Department:

Mr.k.Bhaskar Dr. R. MADANA MOHANA
Professor,Dept of Information Technology Professor, Dept of Information Technology
Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology
Ibrahimpatnam–501510, Hyderabad, Telangana. Ibrahimpatnam–501510, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Seminar Presentation held on……………………………………………
SEMINAR SUPERVISOR SENIOR FACULTY MEMBER HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
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vision of theInstitution
To achieve the autonomous & university status and spread universal education by
inculcating discipline, character and knowledge into the young minds and mould them
into enlightened citizens.
Mission of theInstitution
Our mission is to impart education, in a conducive ambience, as comprehensive as
possible, with the support of all the modern technologies and make the students
acquire the ability and passion to work wisely, creatively and effectively for the
betterment of our society.
vision of IT department
Serving the high quality educational needs of local and rural students within the core
areas of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology through a
rigorous curriculum of theory, research and collaboration with other disciplines that is
distinguished by its impact on academia, industry and society.
Mission of CSE department

The Mission of the department of Computer Science and Engineering is
 To work closely with industry and research organizations to provide high quality
computer education in both the theoretical and applications of Computer Science
and Engineering.
 The department encourages original thinking, fosters research and development,

evolve innovative applications of technology.
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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

(PEOs)
The Computer Science and Engineering program provides students with an in depth
education in the conceptual foundations of computer science and in complex hardware
and software systems. It allows them to explore the connections between computer
science and a variety of other disciplines in engineering and outside. Combined with a
strong education in mathematics, science, and the liberal arts it prepares students to be
leaders in computer science practice, applications to other disciplines and research.
Program Educational Objective 1: (PEO1)
The graduates of Computer Science and Engineering will have successful

career in technology or managerial functions.
The graduates of the program will have solid technical and professional
foundation to continue higher studies.
The graduates of the program will have skills to develop products, offer
services and create new knowledge.
 The graduates of the program will have fundamental awareness of

Industry processes, tools and technologies.
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PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)
PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified
needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis
and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and
modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering
practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
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PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with
: the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations,
and give and receive clear instructions.
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PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
: of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinaryenvironments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
: ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context
of technological
change.
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PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

PSO1 Foundation of mathematical concepts: To use mathematical methodologies to
: crack
problem using suitable mathematical analysis, data structure and suitable
algorithm.
PSO2 Foundation of Computer System: The ability to interpret the fundamental
: concepts
and methodology of computer systems. Students can understand the
functionality of hardware and software aspects of computer systems.
PSO3 Foundations of Software development: The ability to grasp the software
: development lifecycle and methodologies of software systems. Possess
competent skills and knowledge of software design process. Familiarity and
practical proficiency with a broad area of programming concepts and provide
new ideas and innovations towards
research.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put incomplete without the
mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with
success.
We avail this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and hearty thanks to Sri CH. Venugopal
Reddy, Chairman & Secretary of BIET, for providing congenial atmosphere and encouragement.
We would like to thank Prof. G. Kumaraswamy Rao, Former Director & O.S. of DLRL
MinistryofDefense,Sr.DirectorR&D,BIET,Dr.B.PrasadaRao,I.P.S.(Retd.),FormerPrincipal Secretary to Govt. of AP,
DGP of ACB, Commissioner of Police, Hyderabad, Director of Training & Placements and Industry Interface, BIET,
Dr. M. Lakshmi Narayana, Former Chairman IEEE, Adjunct Professor of ECE & President, Institution Innovation
Council, BIET, Dr. Sanjay Kumar Suman, Principal of BIET and Dr. Rajasekharayya, Dean Academics for having
provided all the facilities and support.
We would like to thank our Department Coordinator / HOD Mr. Suyash Agarwal,
Department Adminand Academic Incharge Mr. Suyash Agarwal fortheirexpert guidance and
encouragement at various levels of our Project.
We are thankful to our Project Coordinator K.Munidhanalakshmi, Assistant Professor, Computer Science
and Engineering for her support and cooperation throughout the process of this project.
We are thankful to our guide Mr.k.Bhaskar Computer Science

andEngineeringforhissustainedinspiringGuidanceandcooperationthroughouttheprocessofthis project. His wise counsel
and suggestions were in valuable.
We express our deep sense of gratitude and thanks to all the Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff of our college
who stood with us during the project and helped us to make it a successful venture.
We place highest regards to our Parent, our Friends and Well-wishers who helped a lot in making the report
of this project.
vii
DECLARATION
Certified that Seminar work entitled “ e-Agriculture:Irrigation
system based on Weather Forecasting” is a genuine work carried
out in the IV Year I Semester by
“P.CHANDANA(18E11A1230)” in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Technology in Inforamtion Technology
from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad
during the academic year 2021-2022 and has not been submitted to any
other course or university for the award of degree by me.
Signature of the Student
viii
ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging area to assist agriculture related applications.
Applications such as smart gardening, water maintenance, other equipment automatic
installations based on human actions, etc., can be implemented using IoT. In this paper,
a wireless sensor based networking system is proposed to address water pumping
system to crop and feed nutrients to crop. The first problem is to automate the process
of pumping the water to crop in a garden. Temperature and humidity sensor are used to
monitor the temperature in order to initiate the water pumping system, while soil
moisture sensors are used for sensing the water level and initiate the process of
pumping the water to the crops in the garden. Rain sensor is used to check the rain, if
rain is coming it is going to stop all the motors. Second, liquid nutrients will be given to
crop with water pumping system using venturi injector. River Formation Dynamics based
data collection is applied to collect and store the information in server for further
processing. Proposed systems are deployed and demonstrated using open-source
hardware such as micro controller, GSM, etc.
This Seminar work Quality is measured in terms of consideration to factors including, but not
limited to, environment, safety, ethics, cost, type (application, product, research, review etc.) and
standards. This Seminar work mapping with the Program Outcomes (POs): PO1, PO2, PO3,
PO4, PO5, PO12 (specify only related POs) and Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs): PSO1,
PSO2 & PSO3 (specify only related POs).
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page

No. No.
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ix
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
List of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 1
…………………………………..
2 2
Cloud Computing
3 Charcteristics of cloud computing 3
4 Comparisons 5
5 Key characteristics 7
6 Literature Survey 8
7 Cloud computing in future 9
8 Architecture 10
9 Layers 11
10 Delivery Models 13
11 Deployment Models 14
12 Classification and cloud 17
13 Implementation and Working 21
14 Pros and cons of cloud computing 23
15 Benefits of Cloud computing 23
16 Conclusion 25
17 References 26
x
List of figures
Sl. No. Images Page No.
1 Architecture Of Cloud computing 10
2 Layer 11
3 Deployment model 14
4 Classification of cloud on the basis of services 18
5 Implementation and working 22
xi
IOT
1. INTRODUCTION
The new emerging area “Internet of Things (IoT)” is applied in almost all sort of applications [1], [2],
[3], [4] such as Home monitoring, structural monitoring, vehicle monitoring, medical applications,
and pursuing for military applications, etc. Currently, most of the people are concentrated on
Agriculture with the IoT applications can be called it as e-Agriculture, with the aim to improve the
productivity with less human effort. In e-Agriculture, one of the main steps is watering the plants
whenever they require, without wastage of much water.
To achieve this there are so many approaches came into the existence. Even though there exist
some improvement, which require to the existing approaches. According to World bank
(https://www.worldbank.org/en/ topic/water-in-agriculture), 33% of population throughout the world
are experiences water scarcity. It is going to increase up to 50% by year 2030. Approximately 70%
of absolute volume of water extractions on the planet are utilized for irrigation system. This
exposes the significance of smart irrigation controlled by the IoT that can go for in dealing with the
soaring water quantity around the world.
From last decade, researchers have proposed many techniques using different technologies with
the help of internet services to achieve e-agriculture. This paper main focus is to propose a
technique to reduce water wastage in agriculture and provide liquid nutrients to the roots of each
plant by automating the drip system in a very smart and easier way.
The motivation of the paper to achieve the above as follows:
• To reduce water wastage in agriculture using soil moisture sensor, rain sensor, temperature &
Humidity
• Usage of Venturi injector to supply liquid nutrients to roots.
Bharat institute of Engineering and technology 1

2
IOT
2.LITERATURE SURVEY
During the most recent decade scientists have widely investigated various applications for e-
agriculture utilizing different microchip and miniature regulator sheets, for example, Raspberry Pi,
Arduino with various sensors, for example, temperature, humidity, moisture, etc.
Smart irrigation monitoring and management system integrated with mobile using internet of
things [5] is proposed to control the water supply and monitoring the gardens using a smart phone.
Yuthika Shekhar et al. [6] implemented the Intelligent IoT based Automated Irrigation system in
2017. In this work, temperature and soil moisture data are caught and machine learning based K-
Nearest Neighbor classification algorithm is employed for examining the sensor information for
forecast towards irrigating the soil with water.
In the year 2017, Dishay Kissoon et al. [7] proposed Smart Irrigation and Monitoring System. In
this work, sensors collects humidity and temperature of air, and soil moisture data. This data will
be useful for monitoring of air quality and water content in the soil. Smart farm irrigation system is
proposed by Shweta B. Saraf and Dhanashri H. Gawali [8].
This proposed system performs remote monitoring and controlling of drips through wireless sensor
network using android phone. In addition to this, sensor nodes and base station are communicated
with the help of Zigbee.

3
Cloud Computing
support. The machines may start failing, the hard drives may crash, the network may go down and many
other such hardware problems. The hardware has to be designed such that the architecture is reliable and
scalable. This large scale architecture has a very expensive upfront and has high maintenance costs. It
requires different resources like machines, power, cooling, etc. The system also cannot scale as and when
needed and so is not easily reconfigurable. The resources are also constrained by the resources. As the
applications become large, they become I/O bound. The hard drive access speed becomes a limiting factor.
Though the raw CPU power available may not be a factor, the amount of RAM available clearly becomes a
factor. This is also limited in this context. If at all the hardware problems are managed very well, there arises
the software problems. There may be bugs in the software using this much of data. The workload also
demands two important tasks for two completely different people. The software has to Cloud Computing
Division of Computer Science and Engineering, School Of Engineering, CUSAT 7 be such that it is bug free
and has good data processing algorithms to manage all the data. The cloud computing works on the cloud -
so there are large groups of often low-cost servers with specialized connections to spread the data-processing
chores among them. Since there are a lot of low-cost servers connected together, there are large pools of
resources available. So these offer almost unlimited computing resources. This makes the availability of
resources a lesser issue. The data of the application can also be stored in the cloud. Storage of data in the
cloud has many distinct advantages over other storages. One thing is that data is spread evenly through the
cloud in such a way that there are multiple copies of the data and there are ways by which failure can be
detected and the data can be rebalanced on the fly. The I/O operations become simpler in the cloud such that
browsing and searching for something in 25GB or more of data becomes simpler in the cloud, which is
nearly impossible to do on a desktop. The cloud computing applications also provide automatic
reconfiguration of the resources based on the service level agreements. When we are using applications out
of the cloud, to scale the application with respect to the load is a mundane task because the resources have to
be gathered and then provided to the users. If the load on the application is such that it is present only for a
small amount of time as compared to the time its working out of the load, but occurs frequently, then scaling
of the resources becomes tedious. But when the application is in the cloud, the load can be managed by
spreading it to other available nodes by making a copy of the application on to them. This can be reverted
once the load goes down. It can be done as and when needed. All these are done automatically such that the
resources maintain and manage themselves

Cloud Computing
3.EXISTING SYSTEM
Smart irrigation monitoring and management system integrated with mobile using
internet of things is proposed to control the water supply and monitoring the gardens
using a smart phone.
In this system Temperature sensor,humidity sensor and soil moisture sensors are used
in order to monitor the drip system.
4.Disadvantages of Existing System
In e-Aggriculture, until today the researchers concentrated on agriculture with different sensors and
it’s computational complexities [9], [10]. Difficulties present in literature are as follows:
• Fertilizer distribution for crop is not automated.
• Water distribution system is not connected with rain, due to this wastage of water will be more.
• Efficient Data collection routing protocols is required for data collection .

Cloud Computing
4.PROPOSED SYSTEM
A few kinds of sensors are utilized to parlay information to the water system multi-regulator unit. Every unit is
devoted to sense and send explicit information. The primary of the units is that the soil moisture sensor, which inspects
the current agricultural observing framework has applied faraway sensors for checking the dust situation for the water
system. In none of these frameworks are having expertise in investigation of continuous information beyond the
watering sector. The greater part of these framework just catches the records from the field and as needs control the
sprinkler valve for watering the field. This section concentrated on the issues faced by the exiting systems and proposes
a efficient use of Internet of Things to focus on the issue of water usage for irrigation and nutrients to plants using
venturi injector.
Advantages of proposed system
The following benefits are there for proposed system:
• The proposed system is cost effective.
• The supervision of water system is controlled easily using the proposed system.
• Reduction of human effort while keeping fertilizers to land.
• Reducing the labor cost to the farmer

B.Tech Seminar Report 2021-2022
5.REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
A. Temperature & Humidity Sensor

Temperature & Humidity sensor [11] is present in Fig. 1a used to capture temperature and Humidity from specific
sources and modify the collected information into understandable format for the user. Temperature & Humidity
sensors are used in several applications namely chemical handling, medical devices, food processing units,
environmental controls, controlling systems, etc.
y sensor
(a)Temperature & Humidit
B. Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil Moisture Sensor [12] present in Fig. 1b will measure the volumetric water substance in soil or land. The soil
moisture is sensed using copper electrodes. Measurement of moisture content level is calculated using conductivity
between the electrodes. This sensor will be useful for measuring soil moisture in different applications such as soil
science, horticulture, botany, environmental science, agricultural science, and biology.
IT Department, BIET Page 8

C.Rain Sensor
Rain sensor is activated by rain fall is shown in Fig. 1c. This sensor will work like a switch. If rainfall is
there switch will be closed if there is no rainfall then switch will be open .
(c)Rain sensor
D. Venturi Injector
Venturi injectors (shown in Fig. 1d) are used to mixing gases or liquids into a stream of water and spray on crop.
This venturi injectors works on differential pressure principle. Pressure vacuum will be created due to the pressure
generated in the entry and exit points. These injectors use to take from a tank small amount of fertilizer and sends it into
waterline.

E. GSM A second-generation cellular network (2G) also called as GSM or Global System for Mobile communications [
[13] present in Fig. 1e. In this paper GSM can be used as a Simple Message System (SMS or text messaging) to
transmit the messages to owner using data communication.
F. Raspberry Pi Micro-processor
Raspberry Pi [14] Model B is used as a microprocessor in proposed model is shown in Figure 1f. Raspberry Pi is
employed as a personal computer by interfacing Monitor through HDMI, keyboard and mouse associated through USB.
There are two operating systems namely Debianbased Raspbian and Linux Distro are going to support for Raspberry
PI. Proposed system is going with Raspbian operating system.

5. ARCHITECTURE
Wireless sensor network system may be a mix of different equipment parts and programming modules. Fig. 2 shows the
recommended system architecture for Agriculture. The proposed system contains a micro-processor (μP) connected with
different sensors as Temperature & Humidity, Soil moisture sensor, DC motor, and a GSM module. The proposed system
is going to monitor agriculture field based on the environmental conditions. If soil moisture is less and temperature is high
or.
no rain is there in the field then the proposed system is going to alert the system to pump the water. Same details are
going to send to server for further processing

In the recommended system as shown in Fig. 3 with different sensors connected with microprocessor will perform the
following operations:
• Temperature & Humidity Sensor: This sensor will calculate the environment and soil temperature. Microprocessor will
take this temperature value check for switching on the motor to drip the water on ground or garden. Additionally, send
this information to store for future prediction & analysis purpose.
• Rain Sensor: This sensor is useful to detect the rain. When rain is started then this sensor will instruct to automatic
irrigation system to stop motor and all other devices, due to rainfall.
• Soil Moisture Sensor: Soil moisture sensor will sense the soil of the garden. If water level is less then soil moisture
sensor will send the details to microprocessor to activate the GSM to send the message to the owner and start the
motor to water the plants in the garden using drip system.
• Venturi Injector: Fertilizers will add strength to sustain from crop plagues or other insects. Fertilizers are distributed
with the help of dripping system is implemented with the help of venturi injector. Same information is stored in the server
for later analysis.

The Process flow diagram of proposed approach :
B.proposed Algorithm:
Whenever temperature sensor values are high and soil moisture value is low, an SMS will be sent to the owner of the
land as well as motor is turned on to pump water in order to increase the water level as shown in Algorithm 1.

Algorithm 1 Proposed algorithm:
1:procedure Proposed _Algorithm()

2: H=HIGH,L=LOW
3: While 1 do
4: if(rain==H)then
5: Turn off motor
6: send information to server using RFDMRP
7: send SMS to owner
8: return
9: end if
10: if(soil_moisture ==L)or(Temp==H) then
11: if(isFertilizerRequire) then
12: Turn on motor & venturi injector to water the
Plants with fertilizers
13: else:
14: Turn on motor
15: end if
16: send soil moisture sensor & temperature details to
Server using RFDMRP
17: send SMS to owner
18: return
19: end if
20: end while
21:end procedure
If rain is started this system is going to stop motor and other devices due to rainfall. Same information about rainfall is
transmitted to server. Whenever fertilizers are required with the use of venturi injector, we can inject to plants. Same
time these values are collected by using RFDMRP data collection protocol and send to server for storing and further
processing.

Algorithm 2 RFDMRP algorithm

1: procedure RFDMRP()
2: node Deployment()
3: Routers NNT able Creation()
4: EndDevice NNT able Creation()
5: while 1 do
6: Sense the data
7: unicast the packets to router or server on detecting sensor values
8: repeat
9: Router will unicast the Sensor values using
RFDMRP to neighbor routers or server
10: until data reaches server
11: end while
12:end procedure

6.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Whilst all of the sensors are integrated, we acquire two circuits one that draws the 230v strength supply i.e., motor and
the sensors require 5v. Hence, optocoupler (Robotbanao JX-FRON-V4L7) acts as isolator that protects the circuit.
The proposed system is tested with the help of Temperature & Humidity Sensor, Rain Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, DC
Motor and one GSM devise connected to microprocessor. The setup is shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, and Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 shows the messages received from the microprocessor to the registered mobile phone based on the sensor
values and threshold values of the sensors during the sensing time is also stored in database as shown in Fig. 9

6. CLASSIFICATION OF CLOUD ON THE BASIS OF SERVICE PROVIDED:
Infrastructure as a Service(IAAS): Hardware related services are provided using the principles of Cloud
Computing. These include disk storage and virtual servers. Amazon EC2, Amazon S3, Rackspace
Cloud Servers are some of the leading vendors.
Platform as a service(PAAS): Development platforms are provided on the cloud. The platforms may not be
compatible with each other. Wikipedia puts it appropriately as
‘Platform as a service’ (PaaS) the delivery of a computing platform and solution stack as a
service.PaaS offerings facilitate deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and
managing the underlying hardware and software and provisioning hosting capabilities, providing all of the
facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services
entirely available from the Internet.PaaS offerings may include facilities for application design, application
development, testing, deployment and hosting as well as application services such as team collaboration,
web service integration and marshalling, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence,
state management, application versioning, application instrumentation and developer community facilitation.
These services may be provisioned as an integrated solution over the web.
Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure and Saleforce’s force.com are the leaders in this category.
Software as a service (SAAS): This is the most common form of cloud computing which we see in action. It
is a complete software offering on the cloud. They are accessed by the customers on pay per use basis.
Saleforce.com’s CRM, Google apps etc are the prime example of such a service. Salesforce.com’s CRM,
Gmail and Hotmail are prime examples of SAAS.

1. CLOUD ENGINEERING
Cloud engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable, and
interdisciplinary approach to the ideation, conceptualization, development, operation, and maintenance of
cloud computing, as well as the study and applied research of the approach, i.e., the application of
engineering to cloud. It is a maturing and evolving discipline to facilitate the adoption, strategization,
operationalization, industrialization, standardization, productization, commoditization, and governance of
cloud solutions, leading towards a cloud ecosystem. Cloud engineering is also known as cloud service
engineering.
2. CLOUD STORAGE
Cloud storage is a model of networked computer data storage where data is stored on
multiple virtual servers, generally hosted by third parties, rather than being hosted on dedicated

servers. Hosting companies operate large data centers; and people who require their data to be hosted buy
or lease storage capacity from them and use it for their storage needs. The data center operators, in the
background, virtualize.The resources according to the requirements of the customer and expose them as
virtual servers, which the customers can themselves manage. Physically, the resource may span across
multiple servers.
3. INTERCLOUD
The Intercloud is an interconnected global "cloud of clouds" and an extension of
the Internet "network of networks" on which it is based. The term was first used in the context of cloud
computing in 2007 when Kevin Kelly stated that "eventually we'll have the intercloud, the cloud of clouds.
This Intercloud will have the dimensions of one machine comprising all servers and attendant cloudbooks on
the planet."It became popular in 2009 and has also been used to describe the datacenter of the future.
The Intercloud scenario is based on the key concept that each single cloud does not have infinite
physical resources. If a cloud saturates the computational and storage resources of its virtualization
infrastructure, it could not be able to satisfy further requests for service allocations sent from its clients.
The Intercloud scenario aims to address such situation, and in theory, each cloud can use the
computational and storage resources of the virtualization infrastructures of other clouds. Such form of pay-
for-use may introduce new business opportunities among cloud providers if they manage to go beyond
theoretical framework. Nevertheless, the Intercloud raises many more challenges than solutions concerning
cloud federation, security, and interoperability, quality of service, vendor's lock-ins, trust, legal issues,
monitoring and billing.
The concept of a competitive utility computing market which combined many computer utilities together was
originally described by Douglas Parkhill in his 1966 book, the "Challenge of the Computer Utility". This
concept has been subsequently used many times over the last 40 years and is identical to the Intercloud.
4. Security
The relative security of cloud computing services is a contentious issue which may be delaying its
adoption. Issues barring the adoption of cloud computing are due in large part to the private and public
sectors unease surrounding the external management of security based services. It is the very nature of
cloud computing based services, private or public, that promote external management of provided services.
This delivers great incentive amongst cloud computing service providers in producing a priority in building
and maintaining strong management of secure services.

Organizations have been formed in order to provide standards for a better future in cloud computing
services. One organization in particular, the Cloud Security Alliance is a non-profit organization formed to
promote the use of best practices for providing security assurance within cloud computing.
Security is always a concern, especially when running environments like windows that are so
familiar the world over. Microsoft has a reasonable patch management solution but now in the cloud this
effectively can be delivered in minutes rather than days.
In many cases, some organizations have the view that cloud solutions outsourcing and managed services
are less secure. What the company is failing to recognize is that they are probably already using such
services without consideration. Services like Blackberry, Messagelabs and other such services involve
messages being sent to a third party, scanned then forwarded back into the organizations localized mail
stream. This would undoubtedly change most people’s perspective as a well run cloud solution far
outweighs the perception of insecurity and loss of control. In fact, in many cases the solution is to build
better hardware, firmer controls and more efficient infrastructure at a lower cost.


14.CONCLUSION
An IoT based system is proposed to address the commonly occurring problem namely water wastage in agriculture. The
proposed system is deployed and demonstrated in real time using open-source hardware platforms such as
microprocessor, temperature, soil moisture, rain sensors, and GSM. In future, we are planing to deploy in real
agriculture field to know the performance of the proposed system and planning to compare with other similar kind of
systems. It can be extended by integrating with think speak software and we can monitor through our mobile phone.
Even integrate with weather monitoring satellite system For effective weather prediction and sensors work accord.

REFERENCES
[1] Shancang Li, Li Da Xu, and Shanshan Zhao. The internet of things: a survey. Information Systems
Frontiers, 17(2):243–259, 2015.
[2] Sajjad Hussain Shah and Ilyas Yaqoob. A survey: Internet of things (iot) technologies, applications
and challenges. In 2016 IEEE Smart Energy Grid Engineering (SEGE), pages 381–385. IEEE, 2016.
[3] Koppala Guravaiah and R Leela Velusamy. Prototype of home monitoring device using internet of
things and river formation dynamics-based multi-hop routing protocol (rfdhm). IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, 65(3):329–338, 2019.
[4] Koppala Guravaiah, Arumugam Kavitha, and Rengaraj Leela Velusamy. Data collection protocols
in wireless sensor networks. In Wireless Sensor Networks-Design, Deployment and Applications.
IntechOpen, 2020.
[5] S Vaishali, S Suraj, G Vignesh, S Dhivya, and S Udhayakumar. Mobile integrated smart irrigation
management and monitoring system using iot. In Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP),
2017 International Conference on, pages 2164–2167. IEEE, 2017.
[6] Yuthika Shekhar, Ekta Dagur, Sourabh Mishra, and Suresh Sankaranarayanan. Intelligent iot
based automated irrigation system. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,
12(18):7306–7320, 2017.
[7] Dishay Kissoon, Hinouccha Deerpaul, and Avinash Mungur. A smart irrigation and monitoring
system. International Journal of Computer Applications, 163(8), 2017.
[8] Shweta B Saraf and Dhanashri H Gawali. Iot based smart irrigation monitoring and controlling
system. In Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), 2017
2nd IEEE International Conference on, pages 815–819. IEEE, 2017.
[9] S. Suresh, J. Bhavya, S. Sakshi, K. Varun, and G. Debarshi. Home monitoring and security
system. In 2016 International Conference on ICT in Business Industry Government (ICTBIG), pages
1–5, Nov 2016.
[10] S. R. Prathibha, A. Hongal, and M. P. Jyothi. Iot based monitoring system in smart agriculture. In
2017 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology
(ICRAECT), pages 81–84, March 2017.
[11] Temperature Sensor, available at, http://playground.arduino.cc/main/dhtlib/, 2020. [Online;
accessed 5-November-2020].
[12] Soil Moisture Sensor, available at, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/soil moisture–sensor/, 2020.
[Online; accessed 5-November-2020].
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accessed 5-November-2020].
[14] Raspberry Pi, available at, https://www.raspberrypi.org/, 2020. [Online; accessed 5-November-
2020].

[15] Koppala Guravaiah and R Leela Velusamy. Rfdmrp: River formation dynamics based multi-hop
routing protocol for data collection in wireless sensor networks. Procedia Computer Science, 54:31–
36, 2015.
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of things. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Internet of Things and Machine
Learning, pages 1–7, 2017


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A

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad

Under the guidance of

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Supervisor: Head of the Department:

Seminar Presentation held on……………………………………………

SEMINAR SUPERVISOR SENIOR FACULTY MEMBER HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Mission of CSE department

 The department encourages original thinking, fosters research and development,

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

Program Educational Objective 1: (PEO1)

The graduates of Computer Science and Engineering will have successful

Program Educational Objective 2: (PEO2)

Program Educational Objective 3: (PEO3)

Program Educational Objective 4: (PEO4)

 The graduates of the program will have fundamental awareness of

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSOs)

We are thankful to our guide Mr.k.Bhaskar Computer Science

Signature of the Student

Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging area to assist agriculture related applications.

Applications such as smart gardening, water maintenance, other equipment automatic

a wireless sensor based networking system is proposed to address water pumping

processing. Proposed systems are deployed and demonstrated using open-source

hardware such as micro controller, GSM, etc.

PSO2 & PSO3 (specify only related POs).

Chapter Title Page

7 Cloud computing in future 9

12 Classification and cloud 17

13 Implementation and Working 21

14 Pros and cons of cloud computing 23

15 Benefits of Cloud computing 23

1 Architecture Of Cloud computing 10

4 Classification of cloud on the basis of services 18

5 Implementation and working 22

whenever they require, without wastage of much water.

(https://www.worldbank.org/en/ topic/water-in-agriculture), 33% of population throughout the world

soaring water quantity around the world.

The motivation of the paper to achieve the above as follows:

• Usage of Venturi injector to supply liquid nutrients to roots.

Bharat institute of Engineering and technology 1

Bharat institute of Engineering and technology 1

Bharat institute of Engineering and technology 4

using a smart phone.

in order to monitor the drip system.

4.Disadvantages of Existing System

• Fertilizer distribution for crop is not automated.

• Efficient Data collection routing protocols is required for data collection .

Bharat institute of Engineering and technology 5

Advantages of proposed system

The following benefits are there for proposed system:

• The proposed system is cost effective.

• Reduction of human effort while keeping fertilizers to land.

• Reducing the labor cost to the farmer

Bharat institute of Engineering and technology 7

A. Temperature & Humidity Sensor

B. Soil Moisture Sensor

IT Department, BIET Page 8