TEST 3 (UNDERSTANDING)

1. How would you distinquish the three basic theories of children’s lexical
development?
A. The first learning is nothing special, second word learning is very special and
the third is somewhat special
B. The first learning is very special, second is somewhat special and the third is
nothing special
C. Both first and second learning are both special while the third learning is not
important
D. None of the above

2. Which of the following is the best interpretation for the research experiment
conducted by Samuelson and Smith
and Diesendruck et al?
A. Children does not respond to the said experiment
B. A 2year old is just crying while doing the experiment
C. The child is observing on their surroundings
D. They don't care at all

3. Which one of the following describes what takes place in the so called
CONSTRAINTS APPROACH of children, as applied
to the solution for the poverty-of-the-stimulus problem.
A. There is no shared context between the child and the adult
B. Children needs additional information to learn a new word
C. The child needs a priori or a machinery to learn the langauge around them
D. Children can easily understand the language around them

4. In the list of principles proposed by Golinkoff, Mervis, and

Hirsh-Pasek, 1994, how would you compare OBJECT SCOPE TO CATEGORICAL SCOPE?
A. Object Scope is an action such as hello,bye while Categorical Scope is the
proper nouns like Mickey Mouse.
B. Object Scope is referring to the reference point while Categorical Scope refers
to maps and objects
C. Object Scope and Categorical Scope is both refers to the adult linguistic
communication
D. Object Scope is a verb, adjective or a preposition while Categorical Scope is
used to extend objects in basic-level
categories

TEST 2 (APPLYING)
1. What process would you use to identify the process of lexical contrast and
linguistic context of a language.
A. Foundational processes
B. Word Learning processes
C. Prerequisite processes
D. Facilitative processes

2. In the study of Jusczyk and Hohne (1997), what would be the result if infants
heard a different voices.
A. It will be hard for them to follow
B. It is an easy process
C. They can easily catch up
D. They will learn new words

FOR ITEM 3
Segmenting words from speech in a particular language is obviously
something an infant must learn to do. In their species-typical environ#ments, other
animals are not faced with
this perceptual discrimination problem. And yet many household pets, perhaps
especially dogs, learn to
discriminate a number of words from one another although it is not clear if they
are able to extract these from fluent
speech (e.g., Warden and Warner, 1928)
What is infants MUST need to learn in order to learn a language?
A. Listen to different people
B. Segmenting words from speech
C. Learn phonetic sounds
D. Imitate adult language

Human communication can work only if the people communicating share basic ways of
perceiving and, to some degree,
conceptualizing the world. Children come to the adult way of perceiving and
conceptualizing the
world partly by means of to the physical and perceptual equipment with which they
are born, and partly through
their own sensory-motor interactions with the world. How does the sensory-motor
interactions help a child to
learn a language?
A. It helps them to understand and communicate
B. It helps them to run
C. It helps them to conceptualize the world
D. None of the above

5. According to Mandler (1992) before the first birthdays of infants they do not
just simply perceive but also
conceptualize the world. What are the basic conceptualization stated by Mandler?
A. Basic as object conceptualizations
B. Reaching different objects
C. Categorizing different nouns
D. Animate motion, caused motion, containment, and support.

ANALYZING
1. What is the inference can you make between the relationship of a mother and a
child when
a child reach 12 to 18 months old.
A. It doesn't help the langaguage acquisition
B. They established a joint intentional interaction
C. Social-cognitive skills and efforts
D. Cross linguistic relationship

Directions: For item 2-3, Read the paragraphs below.

Experimental evidence for the facilitative role of joint attentional inter#actions

is provided by Farrar, Freund, and
Forbes (1993), who found that young children learn words much more rapidly in
repetitive and scripted
events with adults than in less predictable event sequences. An interesting
twist on this story is that some children at an early age, and all children at
later ages, learn new pieces of language from observing third parties talk#ing to
one another—outside the
prototypical joint attentional frame be#tween adult and language-learning child
(e.g., Brown, 2001). In this case,
the process of understanding different roles in this frame and substituting
participants for one another is still the same (as in more prototypical cases
of role reversal imitation); it is just that in this case the child is not one of
the original participants in the linguistic interchange.
2. Which one of the following unstated assumptions is helpful in language
acquistion process?
A. young children learn words much more rapidly in repetitive and scripted
events
B. young children are hhaving difficulties learning a new langauge
C. young children doesn't need adult interaction
D. young children learn words through their mother

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the experimental research of
Farrar, Freund, and Forbes?
A. infants learn language by observing adults talking
B. young children learn words much more rapidly in repetitive and scripted
events
C. joint interaction is important
D. the child is one of
the original participants in the linguistic interchange.

To learn a piece of language children have to hear it. The conditions under
which they hear it and the number of times they hear it are important factors in
whether they do indeed learn it.
Perhaps especially difªcult is the process of getting started, before infants have
any other language to help
them isolate either the form or the function of a specific word or phrase.
Interestingly, it seems that beginning language learners often do manage to
and exactly the kind of language they need in the speech of their parents.

4. In the paragraph below, what evidence can you find that children are able to
learn langauge
A. Infants need to hear the language first
B. Infants have an innate ability of learning a language
C. Infants are defendent to their parents
D. Infants need to learn the noun first

5. Which of the following is NOT true from the paragraph below

A. Infants needs to isolate word or phrase before earning the langauge
B. Children doesnt need to hear the language
c. Infants learn language to their parents
D. All of the above